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Home My WebLink About1.0 Application Index Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 Article Topic 4-101.A Preapplication Conference Summary 4-118, 4-202 Waiver Requests 4-203.B.1 General Application Materials 4-203.B.2 Deeds, Easements and Agreements 4-203.B.3 Adjacent Land Owners and Mineral Rights Owners Information 4-203.B.4 Project Description 4-203.C Vicinity Map 4-203.D Site Plan 4-203.E Grading and Drainage Plan 4-203.E.16 Stormwater Management Permit and Plan 4-203.E.18 Reclamation Plan 4-203.G Impact Analysis 4-203.G.3 NRCS Soils Report 4-203.G.4 Geologic and Soils Hazard Report 4-203.G.6 Wildlife and Vegetation Impact Analysis 4-203.G.7 Fugitive Dust Control Plan 4-203.L Traffic Study 4-203.M Water Supply and Distribution Plan 4-203.N Wastewater Management and System Plan 7 Standards Analysis 7-107 Roadway Assessment 7-202.C.3 Noxious Weed Plan 7-1003.C Emergency Response Plan Figures Other Agency Permits NTC Response Article 4-101.A Preapplication Conference Summary Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 =G Gar.field County Community Development Department 108 S'h Street, Suite 401 Glenwood Springs, CO 81601 (970) 945-8212 www.garfield-county.com TAX PARCEL NUMBER: 2135-273-00-015 DATE: APPLICANT'S PLANNER: Lorne Prescott, Olsson Associates PROJECT: Encana F29 Storage Yard OWNER: Encana Oil and Gas (USA) Inc. 8/28/14 REPRESENTATIVE: Jason Eckman, Encana Oil and Gas (USA) Inc. PRACTICAL LOCATION: Approximately 12 miles north of the Town of Parachute, on private roads off of County Road 215, and generally situated in Sections 29, T5S, R95W. ZONING: Resource Lands -Gentle Slopes (base of talus slopes) TYPE OF APPLICATION: Administrative Review for a Storage Facility I. GENERAL PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Applicant proposes the creation of a storage facility on an existing disturbed site. The project area is approximately 2.6 acres in size out of an overall parcel approximately 26,000 acres. The site was developed as a well pad but was never drilled. It is located on a bench slightly above the East Fork of Parachute Creek. The private road access to the site runs through the central portions of the pad. The initial indications from the Applicant are that the site will be gated but not fenced. It is already a level site with compacted surfacing. Grading and drainage will need to address run-on and run-off potential based on steeps slopes above and below the site. Pipeline risers, a valve vault, and electric panel are shown on the property survey and compatibility with the storage use will need to be ensured. The Applicant indicates that COGCC forms for the initial development were filed and that the site is covered by existing reclamation bonds. The site is a remote location within Encana's overall property ownership. No new site disturbance is planned. No water or sanitation facilities are anticipated and the proposal is to operate as an unmanned facility. Staff will access the site only intermittently to pick up equipment. II. REGULA TORY PROVISIONS APPLICANT IS REQURED TO ADDRESS • Garfield County Comprehensive Plan 2030 • Garfield County Land Use and Development Code, as amended o Section 4-101, Common Review Procedures o Section 4-103, Administrative Review o Table 4-102, Common Review Procedures and Required Notice o Table 4-201, Application Submittal Requirements o Section 4-203, Description of Submittal Requirements o Table 3-403, Use Table -Storage o Section 7-1001, Industrial Use Standards o Article 15, Definitions, Storage o Section 4-118 (Waiver of Standards), Section 4-202 (Waiver of Submittal Requirements o Article VII, Standards -Divisions 1 and 2 and 3 as applicable -including roadway standards • Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Regulations Pertaining to Storm Water and Air Quality (site disturbance, construction, dust). • Safety provisions pertaining to emergency procedures. • Regulations on Noise and Nuisances • COGCC Reclamation and Re-vegetation Requirements • Demonstration of compliance with Section 7-107 Access and Roadway Standards including the Policy (01-14) related to submittal requirements and demonstration of compliance with Waiver Criteria for Roadway Waivers. Ill. REVIEW PROCESS 1. Pre-application Conference. 2. Preparation and Submittal of the Application. 3. Determination of Completeness -Provision of Additional Application Copies. and Distribution of Referrals. 4. Schedule Date for Director's Decision 5. Completion of Public Notice Requirements. 6. Evaluation by Director/Staff Review-Preparation of Staff Report 7. Director's Decision. 8. Board of Countv Commissioner's Call-Up Period (10 days) 9. Applicant Addresses any Conditions of Approval as Appropriate. 10. Preparation of Land Use Change Permit as Appropriate. IV. APPLICABILITY OF STANDARDS AND WAIVER REQUESTS Should the Applicant chose to request waivers from submittal requirements or standards the Application submittals will need to clearly address the review criteria contained in Sections 4-118 and 2-202 in justifying the requests. The Applicant should consult with the Roadway Standards and Waiver Policy 01-14 regarding roadway and access issues (see attached) In lieu of waiver requests the Applicant should submit Water Supply Plans and Waste Water Plans to demonstrate the lack of demand for these services associated with the unmanned facility. Where waiver's from completion of fully developed plans are the intent of the waiver request the Application should still contain general information appropriate to demonstrate compliance with the waiver review criteria. The Application and/or waiver requests need to address screening requirements V. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS An Application for an Administrative Review will also need to provide all standard application forms, agreement to pay form, a listing of all property owners (with addresses) within 200 ft., an excerpt from the Assessor's Office mapping showing the ownerships, a listing of any mineral rights owners on the subject property (with addresses), authorization to represent statements/letters, evidence of ownership such as a deed and/or lease agreements for the site. Other key elements of the submittal include vicinity map, site plan including details on the existing conditions and proposed use, grading and drainage plans, impact analysis, geologic hazards information, and traffic study. VI. APPLICATION REVIEW a. Review by: b. Public Hearing: c. Referral Agencies: Staff for completeness recommendation and referral agencies for additional technical review _x_ Director's Decision (with notice) _Planning Commission _ Board of County Commissioners _ Board of Adjustment May include but not limited to Garfield County Road and Bridge Department, Fire Protection Districts, Garfield County Environmental Health Manager, Garfield County Vegetation Manager, Garfield County Consulting Engineer, CDPHE, and COGCC. VII. APPLICATION REVIEW FEES a. Planning Review Fees: $ 250 b. Referral Agency Fees: $ TBD -consulting engineer/civil engineer fees c. Total Deposit: $ 250 (additional hours are billed at $40.50 /hour) General Application Processing Planner reviews case for completeness and sends to referral agencies for comments. Case planner contacts applicant and sets up a site visit. Staff reviews application to determine if it meets standards of review. Case planner makes a recommendation of approval, approval with conditions, or denial to the appropriate hearing body. Disclaimer The foregoing summary is advisory in nature only and is not binding on the County. The summary is based on current zoning, which is subject to change in the future, and upon factual representations that may or may not be accurate. This summary does not create a legal or vested right. Pre-application Summary Prepared by: Glenn Hartmann, Senior Planner r Policy 01-14 Waivers for Roads and Demonstration of Compliance March 3, 2014 Section 7-107, Access and Roadways, of the Garfield County Land Use and Development Code (LUDC) requires all roads to be designed to provide for "adequate and safe access" and reviewed by the designated County Engineer. The LUDC defines "road" as "a County road, State highway, public road, street or alley, or private thoroughfare which affords primary access to abutting property, excluding a driveway accessing a single property." The LUDC defines "private road" as "a right-of-way constructed, established, owned, and maintained by a private party for access exclusively to private property." Many of the roads in Garfield County are private roads in that they are gated and do not serve the general public and they pre-existed the design currently required by the County's Road Standards as defined in Table 7-107. The LUDC allows for the waiver of specific standards provided that the following criteria have been met: I) an alternative design achieves the intent of the subject standard to the same or better degree and 2) the proposed alternative will impose no greater impacts on adjacent properties than would occur through compliance with the specific standard (Section 4-118). In applications that include roads that do not meet current County road standards as outlined in Table 7-107, the County has asked that Applicants request a waiver of Section 7-107.F, Design Standards, and include in the Application submittal sufficient information, prepared by a professional qualified in the specific discipline, to demonstrate that they meet the criteria outlined in Section 4-118 for granting a waiver. In doing so, the application must include: A Statement of Adequacy -The evaluation of the existing roadway and waiver will need to include a clear statement that finds that the road will be adequate for the proposed use. This statement must be signed by a professional engineer qualified in traffic engineering and licensed by the State of Colorado. To support this evaluation, the following information will be required to be provided: o Geometry of the road -A description of how the private road does/does not meet the design standards in Table 7-107. This should include a chart that compares the private road design to those standards in Table 7-107, as well as a map that shows the existing road design and highlights those areas that deviate from the standards. A narrative may also be helpful in describing the characteristics of the road as they compare to Table 7-107 design standards. Unless available, this is not intended to imply construction- level drawings. o Safety/Structural Issues -A description of obvious safety and/or structural issues observed and a statement about how these issues will be addressed. o Maintenance -A description of how the road is and/or will be maintained. This should be supported with the submittal of any existing or proposed maintenance agreements for the road sections. o Travel Demand -An accurate count of the existing peak travel demand as well as the Average Daily Traffic on the road. This should also include the types of vehicles that currently use the road as well as the additional amount and type of traffic that the proposed use will generate through all phases of its development. Other Evidence of Compliance. In addition, Sections 7-107 .A, B, C, D, and E are required to be addressed, which includes documentation about legal access. Sufficient evidence will be required to be submitted to demonstrate compliance with these sections of the Code. A. Section 4-103 Administrative Administrative Review Process (Section 4-103) Step 1: Pre-application Conference •May be waived by Directer •Applicant has 6 months to submit application Step 2.: Application Submittal Step ~: (()mpleteness Review • 10 business days ID review •If Incomplete, 60 days to remedy deficiencies Step 4: Schedule Decision Date and Provide Notice •Malled to adpcent property owners within 200 h!et and miner.ii owners at least 15 days prior to decision dam ~tep ::.: Referral •21 day comment period C,tep 6 : fvalution by Director Step 7 : Director's Decision •Call-up Period -within 10 days of Director's Decision •Applicant has 1 year to meet any conditions of approval Article 4-118, 4-202 Waiver Requests Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 760 Horizon Dr., Suite 102 TEL 970.263.7800 Grand Junction, CO 81506 FAX 970.263.7456 www.olssonassociates.com Waiver Requests Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility SECTION 4-118 WAIVER OF STANDARDS Pursuant to Section 4-118 of the Garfield County Land Use and Development Code, Encana requests a waiver for the following Access and Road Design Standards for the F29 Storage Facility. Section 7-107 Access & Roadways F. Design Standards. A waiver of standards request shall be considered based on the following criteria: 1. Achieves the intent of the subject standard to the same and better degree than the subject standard: Response: The intent of the design standards is to provide safe access to the project site. This road was designed for the exclusive use of Encana to access its natural gas operations. It is not designed for public use. Given the average daily traffic that this road services, it should most closely correspond to the Primitive/Driveway road standard. The private access road does not meet the design standards for Right-of-Way, cross slope, or ditches. See Road Assessment report for more information. The access road is entirely on a single parcel of private land owned by Encana and does not require a dedicated Right-of Way. All access to the parcel is controlled by Encana’s guard shack at the end of County Road 215. There is no public access beyond the guard shack. The cross slope varies from 0.3% to 3.6% along the road. The road geometry changes occasionally with maintenance activities. While ponding may occur in areas of shallow cross slope, the road is inspected on a regular basis for maintenance issues, which are addressed in a timely manner. Speeds are low to promote safety and reduce road damage. The last mile of the road does not have ditches present on either side. The first 2.9 miles has ditches present on both side of the road ranging in width from 3.0 to 9.0 feet. The road is inspected on a regular basis for maintenance issues, which are addressed in a timely manner. 2. Imposes no greater impacts on adjacent properties than would occur through compliance with the specific requirements of this Code. Response: This private road does not provide access to residential uses nor is it used by the general public on a regular basis. The waiver of this standard will not create greater impacts on adjacent properties than would occur if it was in full compliance. Encana Energy Inc. F29 Storage Facility Waiver Requests Page 2 SECTION 4-118 WAIVER OF SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS Pursuant to Section 4-202 of the Garfield County Land Use and Development Code, Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. (Encana) requests a waiver for the submittal requirement of a Development Agreement and Improvements Agreement for the F29 Storage Facility. Section 4-203.J. Development Agreement A waiver request shall be considered based on the following criteria: 1. The Applicant shows good cause for the requested waiver; Response: Encana wishes to neither propose a phasing schedule nor extend establishment of vested property rights. 2. The project size, complexity, anticipated impacts, or other factors support a waiver; Response: The facility is largely constructed and does not require additional improvements to operate as a storage facility. 3. The waiver does not compromise a proper and complete review; and Response: The request can be properly and completely reviewed without a development agreement. 4. The information is not material to describing the proposal or demonstrating compliance with approval criteria. Response: A development agreement is not material to describing the purpose, operation and maintenance of the facility or demonstrating compliance with applicable approval criteria. Section 4-203.K. Improvements Agreement A waiver request shall be considered based on the following criteria: 1. The Applicant shows good cause for the requested waiver; Response: No public improvements are being proposed that would warrant the creation of an improvements agreement. 2. The project size, complexity, anticipated impacts, or other factors support a waiver; Response: As stated above no public improvements are being proposed with this request. 3. The waiver does not compromise a proper and complete review; and Response: The application can be properly and completely reviewed without an improvements agreement. 4. The information is not material to describing the proposal or demonstrating compliance with approval criteria. Response: An improvements agreement is not material to describing the purpose, operation and maintenance of the facility or demonstrating compliance with applicable approval criteria. Article 4-203.B.1 General Application Materials Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 ce Garfield County Community Development Department 108 81h Street, Suite 401 Glenwood Springs, CO 81601 (970) 945-8212 www .garfield-county.com TYPE OF APPLICATION Iii Administrative Review D Limited Impact Review D Major Impact Review D Amendments to an Approved LUCP OuR OMIR OsuP D Minor Temporary Housing Facility D Vacation of a County Road/Public ROW D Location and Extent Review D Comprehensive Plan Amendment 0 Major 0 Minor D Pipeline Development - LAND USE CHANGE PERMIT APPLICATION FORM -D Development in 100-Year Floodplain D Development In 100-Year Floodplain Variance D Code Text Amendment D Rezoning 0 Zone DistrictO PUD 0 PUD Amendment D Administrative Interpretation D Appeal of Administrative Interpretation D Areas and Activities of State Interest D Accommodation Pursuant to Fair Housing Act D Variance D Time Extension (also check type of original application) INVOLVED PARTIES ----Owner/ Applicant Name: Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc Phone: (970 )285.2656 Mailing Address: 143 Diamond Ave City: Parachute State: CO Zip Code: 81635 E-mail: jason.eckman@encana.com Representative (Authorization Required) Name: Lorne Prescott Phone: ( 970 ) 263.6014 Mailing Address: 760 Horizon Drive, Suite 102 City: Grand Junction State: CO Zip Code: 81506 E-mail: lprescott@olssonassociates.com PROJECT NAME AND LOCATION Project Name: F29 Laydown Yard Assessor's Parcel Number: 2135 -273 -00 -015 ------------ Physical/Street Address: Legal Description: SENW, Section 29, Township 5 South, Range 95 West, 6th PM See attached legal description for entire parcel description. zone District: Resource Lands Property Size (acres): -26,442 PROJECT DESCRIPTION -Existing Use: Natural gas well pad. storage Proposed Use (From Use Table 3-403}: _s_to_ra_g_e ____________________ _ Description of Project: Provide a centralized location to store equipment a nd supplies in support of Encana's natural gas drilling and production activities in the area. REQUEST FOR WAIVERS -----Submission Requirements ii The Applicant requesti ng a Waiver of Submission Requirements per Section 4 -202. List : Sectio n: 4 .203.J Development Agreement Section :---------------- Section: 4-203 .K Improvements Agreement Section:---------------- Waiver of Standards ii The Appl icant is requesting a Waiver of Standards per Section 4-118. List : Section: 7-107 .F Access & Roadways Design Standards Section: ---------------- Section: Section: ---------------- I have read the statements above and have provided the required attached information which is correct and accurate to the best of my knowledge. ~~ Z/3/1~ Date OFFICIAL USE ONLY File Number: _______ _ Fee Paid:$. ___________ _ Garfield County PAYMENT AGREEMENT FORM GARF I ELD COUNTY ("COUNTY") and Property Owner ("APPLICANT")----------- ....;;;E=n..;...;c;..;;a;.;...n=a'-0;;;;..;.;..il ....;;;&.;...G.=;...;:;;a=s_.(..;;:;U...;:S;..;..A""")'"""l..;...;n=c-------------'------agree as fo llows: 1. The Applica nt has subm itted to the County an app licat ion for the followi ng Proj ect: __ _ K19NE Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) 2 . The Appl icant understands and agrees that Garfie ld County Reso l ution No. 2014-60, as amended, establ ishes a fee schedule for each type appl ication, and the gu i delines for the administration of the fee structure. 3 . The Applicant and the County agree that because of the size, nature or scope of the proposed project, it is not possible at this t ime to asc erta i n the f ull extent of the costs involved in p r ocess i ng the appli cation. The Appli cant agrees to make payment of the Base Fee, establi shed for the Pr oject, and to thereafte r permit add it iona l costs to be bi lled to the Appli cant . The Appl icant agrees to make add it ional payments u pon notification by the County, when they are necessary, as costs are i ncurred . 4 . The Base Fee sha ll be i n add ition to and exclusive of any cost for publication or cost of consu l ting se rvice determ i ned necessary by t he Board of Co unty Commissioners for the cons ideration of an appl ication or add it iona l County staff time or expense not covered by the Base Fee. If actua l recorded costs exceed t he initial Ba se Fee, the Applicant sha ll pay additi onal billings to the County to re imburse the County for the process i ng of the Pr oject. The Applicant acknowledges that all bi lli ng sha ll be pa id p r i or to the fina l consi derati on by the County of any Land Use Change or Division of Land . I hereby agree to pay all fe es related to this applicat ion : Billing Contact Person : JASot-1 ~AiJ Billing Contact Address: I Y 3 bx:'AMotJl> Jf v E. City: ?AR-ACJ+<AXE Phone: (~70) Z.85-~E>l.c State : Ci) Zip Code: ~ I ~ 3 ~ Billing Contact Ema il : J°'-S ()ti\. • e..c.k.M."-11\.@,..~c.o..A ~. C..OvV\. Printed Name of Person Authorized to Sign: -~~.A~SO~N~~W~_l'..AJ\. __ A-~,.J~---------- t-/3/f~ (Date) Encana Oil and Gas (USA) Legal Description Garfield County Parcel #2135-273-00-015 Section: 27 Township: 5 Range: 96 SEC 2 LOT 4(NET 27.16A) ALSO A TR IN SEC 2&11 CONT 341.07A SEC 3 S2NE, S2NW, S2 LOT 1(40.82A) 2(40.69A) 3(40.57A) 4(40.44A) SEC 4 S2NE, S2NW, S2, LOT 1(40.33A) 2(40.21A) 3(40.11A) 4(39.99A) SEC 5 S2NE, S2NW, S2 LOT 1(39.80A) 2(39.52A) 3(39.24A) 4(38.96A) SEC'S 8,9,10 ALL SEC 14 W2NE, NW, S2 SEC 15 W2NE, NENE, NW, S2 SEC 16 ALL SEC 17 E2 SEC'S 21,22,23,24 ALL SEC 25 TR 37(107.06A) LOTS 1(37.84A) 2(37.42A) 6(6.55A) 7(11.27A) N2NE, W2, SWSE SEC'S 26,27,28 ALL SEC 33 N2NE, NENW, E2NWNW SEC 34 NE, N2NW, SENW SEC 35 N2 SEC 36 N2, & PT OF THE SE(NET 116.68A) EXCEPT A PT ALONG THE C/L OF PARA. CRK. TO POB CONT 43.32A SEC 15- 5-95 A PT OF SEC 15 CONT 467.62A SEC 16 ALL THAT PT LYING S OF SOUTHERN MOST MAHOGANY MARKER CONT 386A SEC 17 S2S2, THAT PT OF THE N2S2 LYING S OF THE SOUTHERN MOST MAHOGANY MARKER CONT 41A SEC 19 E2, LOTS 1(40A) 2(40A) 3(21.41A) 4(21.42A) 5 (40A) 6(40A) 7(40A) 8(40A) 9(21.44A) 10(21.45A) 11(40A) 12(40A) SEC'S 20,21,22,27,28,29 ALL SEC 30 E2 LOTS 1(40A) 2(40A) 3(21.49A) 4(18.78A) 6( 40A) 7(40A) 8(40A) 9(40A) 10(14.95A) 13(18.21A) 14(40A) 15(40A) TR 37(12.93A) SEC 31-5-95 NE LOT 1(40A) 2(40A) 3(21.79A) 4(21.93A) 5(40A) 6(40A) 7(40A) 8(40A) 9(22.07A) 10(22.21A) 11(40A) 12(40A) SE SEC'S 32,33,34 ALL SEC 1-6-96 LOT 3(43.51A) 4(43.41A) 5(43.31A) 6(43.21A) 7(40A) 8(40A) 9(40A) 10(40A) 11(40A) 12(40A) 13(40A) 14(40A) SEC 2 SW, SE, LOT 1(43.12A) 2(43.05A) 3(42.97A) 4(42.90A) 5(40A) 6(40A) 7(40A) 8(40A) 9(40A) 10(40A) 11(40A) 12(40A) SEC 3 E2SW, SE LOT 1(42.81A) 2(42.72A) 3(42.63A) 4(20.87A) 5(19.63A) 6(40A) 7(40A) 8(40A) 9(40A) 10(40A) 11(40A) 12(19.65A) 13(19.67A) 14( 19.69A) SEC 4 LOT 3(52.68A) 4(54.26A) 6(42.70A) 7(39.50A) 8(39.57A) 9(40.27A) 10(41.11A) 12(41. 53A) 13(41.63A) 14(40.92A) THAT PT CONT 82.40A IN LOTS 1&11, S2NW, NWSW, SEC 9-6-96 LOT 1(44.30A) 2(44.01A) 3(42.51A) 4(42.21A) 5(42.40A) 6(43.67A) 7(43.95A) 8(40.60A) 9(40.85A) 10(40.51A) 11(40.77 A) 12(40.86A) 13(40.60A) 14(40.53A) 15(40.28A) SWNW SEC 10 NE, E2NW, LOT 1(19.70A) 2(19.72A) E2SW 3(19.72A) 4(27.46A) SE SEC 15 W2NE, NW, SW, W2SE SEC 16 E2SW, SE LOT 1(15.47A) 2(15.42A) 3( 15.37A) 4(8.36A) 5(28.74A) 6(40A) 7(40A) 8(40A) 9(40A) 10(40A) 11(40A) 12(38.04A) 13(39.74A) 14( 39.27A) SEC 21 SE, E2NW, N2SE LOT 5(26.95A) 6( 26.97A) 7(26.99A) SEC 22 NE, NW, N2SW, LOT 1(27. 02A) 2(27.07A) EXCEPT 67.18 AC FOR CO.RD. 215 ROW AND SLIDE PARCEL. EXCEPT A TR OF LAND KNOWN AS THE CHEVRON RESERVOIR RIGHT OF FIRST REFUSAL PARCEL CONT 958.3 ACRES AND DESC IN BK 1602 PG 342. MINE & RETORT AREA 1111 ~r.i.1 1 1i1~~-"1~.Ni1 1 ~W~111Wi~i.Wirrrir 1.w. ~1 1 1 1111 Reception~: 821766 07/24/2012 03:04:12 PM Jean Alberico 1 of 1 Rec Fee:$11 .00 Doc Fee:0.00 GARFIELD COUNTY CO STATEMENT OF AUTHORITY CONFORMED COPY Pursuant to C.R.S. §38-30-172, the undersigned executes this Statement of Authority on behalf of EncanaOil &Gos(USA)Inc. _ a corporation (corporation, limited liabilit:y company, general partnership, registered limited li ab ility partnership, registered limited liability limited partnership, limited partnership association, government agency, trust or other), an entity other than an individual, capable of holding title to real property (the "Entity"), and states as follows: The name of the Entity is Encono Oil & Gos (VSA)Inc and is formed under the laws of _t~h~e~S~t~a~te"'--"of......,.D~e~la~w~orwe,.,_~~~~~~~- The mailing address for th~ F.ntity is 37017thStreet,Suite1700 Denver, CO 80202 The name and/or position of the person execute instruments conveying, encumbering, affecting t itle to real property on behalf of Renata Busch, Jo.son Eckman, Mike Herndon and Chris Putnam authorized to or otherwise the Entity is The limitations upon the aut hority of the person named above or holding the position described above to bind the Entity are as fol lows: sign permit appli cations and permits issued by Garfield County (if no limitations, insert "None") Other matters concerning the manner in which the Entity deals with any interest in real property are: (if no other matter, leave this section blank) EXECUTED this / j day of -.Jul~----------' :_0 1~· / /) Signature: -~~------··---- Name(typed or printed: Darrin J . Henke Vice-Presid ent Title (i( any): -~·---.-·-~ --·--·-·---·----.,...,. ... ~~·-·-·--· .. --~·-«& -..-.. , -·-;_:f\\)' STATE OF Colorado -······-····--··--' )SS. COUNTY OF -Deny~ ___________ ) -·tlh The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this /J __ day of --··-j ~l;J.uRe-J c-. 11 . ___ , 2ou. by Darrin J. Henke _____ • on behal t' o f __ f_ncana Oil & Gas (US.A}J;~_,_ ______ , a Delaware Corporat!g.n_ _________ _ 11/08 Witness my hand and official seal. My commission expires: JUDliH 8 SISNEROS NOTARY PU BLIC STATE OF COLORADO My Commission Exp ires 03117/2016 Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 143 Diamond Avenue Parachute,, CO 81635 t 970.285.2656 f 970.285.2691 www.encana.com December 8, 2014 Mr. Fred Jarman, Community Development Director Garfield County Community Development Department 108 8th Street, Suite 401 Glenwood Springs, CO 81601 RE: Agent Authorization Dear Mr. Jarman, Encana Oil and Gas (USA) Inc. (Encana) authorizes Lorne Prescott and Tilda Evans, and Olsson Associates to act on behalf of and represent Encana in all matters related to land use permitting in Garfield County. Please contact me if you have any questions. Sincerely, Jason Eckman Senior Regulatory Analyst Article 4-203.B.2 Deeds, Easements and Agreements Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 Recorded EnCana Ownership Documents The following documents pertains to EnCana's interest (successors in interest to Tom Brown, Inc.) obtained from Union Oil Company of California on certain lands more particularly described on Exhibit A attached hereto. Please be advised, the Purchase and Sale Agreement or the 60 day notice letter from Union Oil to Chevron are not included due to the terms of our Confidentiality Agreement. Schedules 1-A1 through A- 147 are not included because they are not relevant to the land described in the Administrative Review application. This narrative will summarize the key parts of the Agreement as it pertains to the lands described on Exhibit A. Special Warranty Deed and Quit Claim Deed not including Reservoir Parcel Under the terms of the "Purchase and Sale Agreement" dated June 30, 2004 by and between Tom Brown and Union Oil, Union Oil granted unto Tom Brown Fee title to the parcels of real property described in Schedules 1-A1 through 1-A47, subject to the reservations and restrictions set forth on the Special Warranty Deed and any other surface interest owned by Union Oil further described on the form of a Quit Claim Deed but not including the Reservoir Land as depicted on Exhibit A (please see the map which shows the lands in question). Chevron Shale had first right of refusal to acquire the surface and water rights only from Union Oil as described in that certain Deed and Agreement effective November 9, 1995 between Union and Chevron on the lands listed on Exhibit A. Promptly following the execution of said Purchase and Sale Agreement, Union Oil gave Chevron Shale 60 days written notice to indicate their election to purchase said lands. If Chevron failed to respond or acquire these lands within 60 days receipt of this notice, it was agreed that Union would sell those lands on Exhibit A to Tom Brown, Inc. in accordance with the terms of the Purchase and Sale Agreement. The letter was dated and delivered in accordance with the terms of that certain Deed and Agreement effective November 9, 1995 to Chevron Shale on July 1, 2004. Under the terms of the Quit Claim Deed dated June 11, 2004, it specifically states "except the fee interest to the surface rights to that parcel of real property, the legal description of which is attached as Exhibit A (the "Chevron Reservoir Right of First Refusal Parcel") and except water storage right related to such parcel." It further states in the next paragraph that "Grantor and Grantee agree and intend that this instrument shall convey to Grantee all of Grantor’s interest in and to oil, gas and other minerals in and under the lands described above (including those under the land described on the attached Exhibit A". Therefore, the minerals were conveyed but the surface and water rights were not as to the lands on Exhibit A. This was still pending Chevron's election to purchase said lands, which never occurred. Assignment and Assumption Agreement (Reservoir Parcel 11) On September 21, 2004, Union Oil executed the "Assignment and Assumption Agreement (Reservoir Parcel 11)” and assigned to Tom Brown all right, title and interest to the parcel of lands described in Exhibit A. Please note that Exhibit A now describes these lands as the "Reservoir Parcel", not "Chevron Reservoir Right of First Refusal Parcel and Water Rights" as they originally were on the Quit Claim and Special Warranty Deed. Special Warranty Deed including Reservoir Parcel A Special Warranty Deed was also executed and assigned to Tom Brown on September 24, 2004 to include those lands described in Exhibit A. Therefore, Tom Brown was originally assigned the mineral rights but later assigned the surface and water rights in accordance with the tem1s of Chevron's First Right of Refusal. Quitclaim and Special Warranty Deed Without Reservoir Parcel I J ) I 11 ~ n: 11 11 111111 II ll 1 IH 11 11 1111 111 1 11111 1 l 555 348 07102/2004 03:06P B1602 P342 M ~LSD O F 1 of 3 R 16 .00 0 0 .00 GA RF IELD COUNTY CO AFTER RECORDING, RETURN TO : EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc . 950 17th Street, Suite 2600 Denv er, Col orad o 80202 At tentio n: Diane Blies zne r, Esq. Q UITCLAIM DEED TH IS DEED, dated June U_, 2004, be wee 1 UNION OIL COM PANY OF CA LIF ORNIA, a corporation dul y organized and exi stin g under the laws of the State of Californi a (''Grantor"), whose le gal addre ss 376 South Valenc ia Av enue, Brea, California 92823 , and TOM BRO WN, INC., a corpo ratio n dul y organized and exi sti ng under and by virtue of the law s of the St at e of Delaware ('G rantee"), who se lega l address is 555 17th Stree t, Suite 1850, D env er, Colorado 80202: WITNESS , that the Grant or, for and in consideration of the sum of Ten and no/100 Dollars and other good and va luab le consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of whic h are hereby acknow led ged , has remised , released, sold and QUIT CL AHv1ED, and by these presents does remise, release, sell and QUITCLAIM unto the Grantee , its successors and ass ig ns forever, all the right, title , in ere t, cla im and demand which the Granto r has in an d to any and all real prop erty, together wi th improvements, if any , situ ate, lyin g and being in: Township 4 South, Range 95 West of the 61h P.M., Township 4 South .• Ranoe 96 West of the 61h P.M., To v.rnship 5 South, Range 95 West of the 6111 P.M ., Township 5 South , Range 96 West of the 61h P .M., Township 6 Sou th , Ra nge 96 West of the 6111 P .M ., Township 7 So u h, Range 96 West of the 61h P.M., Garfi eld Co unty, Colo rado, except th e fee interest to the surface ri ghts to that parcel of real pro perty, the lega l des cripti on of which is attached as Exhihit A (the "Chevron Reservoir Ri ght of Fi rs t Refus al Parcel") and except wate r sto ra ge rights related to sLJ ch parc el. Gra nter and Gran tee a gre e and intend that th!s in strumen t shall convey to Gr antee all of Gra ntor's intere st in and to oil, gas and other minerals in and und er the lan d described above (including those und er the land described on attached Exhibit A) (the "Real E state"). Notw ith stan ding the preceding, the re is reserved unto Grantor, its succ e ss ors and assi gns and not conv eyed herei n a two percen t (2%) gro ss royalty in al l oil and gas pro duced fr om or attributable to the Real Estat e convey ed here in which is pro du ce d, mi1 ed or o he rwise ex tract ed fr om sha le ("Shale Oil") with in the Green River Fo rm atio n from the surface to a depth that is strati gra phica!1y equivalen t to th e "Orang e Marker" within the Gard en Gul ch member o f the Gree n R ive r Fo rm ation, s uch depth being th e stratigrap hic equ ivalent to a depth of 2105 ' in the Skelly Oil Com pany #I Dry Fork Unit well, SWl/4 NW l/4 SE l/4 of Sec t ion 25, Township 4 South , Ran ge 97 West of the 6th P.M ., Garfie ld Coun ty, Colorado_ For the avoidance of doubt , the fo rego ing royalty reserv ed herein I lHl ll 1111 Ill II 111 11 1111 I · 1111 ;11 11 l I I 65534 8 07/02/2004 03 :0 P 81 602 P3 43 M ALSDORF 2 of 3 R 16.00 D 0.00 G ~RF IELD COUNTY CO unto Orantor shall en tit le Grantor to a cost free share equal to two percent of 8/8ths of all Shale Oil in addition to any previously ex isting mineral inte re sts or burdens excepted above and is not dependent on the existence (or nonexist enc e) of any mi neral lease covering all or any portion of the Real Estate. Granter may, at its option and in its sole di scre tion, elect fr om time to time to take its roy alty share in kind upon givin g Gra ntee at least nin ety days prior written notice of such intent. IN WITNESS W HEREOF, the Grantor has caused its corporate name to be hereu nto subs cri bed by its a orncy-in -fact on this _l _f _day of June , 2004. STA TE OF COLORADO ) ) SS . CIT Y A ND COUNTY OF DEN VE R ) UNION OIL COMPANY OF CALI F ORNIA , a Cali fornia corporation Acknowledged before me this __ day of June, 2004 by Bri an J. Kelly, Att orne y-i n-Fact for Uni on Oil Company of California , a Califo rni a co rp oration. Witness my hand and offi cial sea!. No tary Public 2 RECORDED CERTIFIC:\ TE OF GOOD STA:>;Oli"G ...... ·'" ,J., 1111 MIP_,~:·~11111~. J~',r'f \t lJ~,1~i.r1L'.tt"l-'~1~M.111~ 1·1i. 1111 1 Reception~: 760313 12/1812008 03:14 :00 PM Jean Albar tco 1 of 6 Rec F ea:S31 .00 Doc Fae ,0 .0 0 GARF I ELD COUNTY ::o OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF ST ATE OFTHESTATEOFCOLORADO CERTIFICATE I, Mike Coffman, as the Secretary of State of the State of Colorado, hereby certify that, according to the records of this office, ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. is an entity formed or registered under the law of Del aware has complied with all appli cable requirements of this office, and is in good standing with this office. This entity has been assigned entity identification number 20001081983 . This certificate reflects facts established or disclosed by documents delivered to this office on paper through l l/06/2008 that have been posted, and by documents delivered to this office electron ically through 11/1112008 @ I 0: 18 :03. I have affixed he reto the Great Seal of the State of Colorado and duly generated, executed, authenticated, issued, delivered and communicated this otlicial certificate at Denver, Colorado on 11 /11 /2008 @ I 0: 18:03 pursuant to and in accordance with applicable law. This certificate is assigned Confinnation Number 7223924. Secretary of State of the State of Colorado •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Endof Ce~ificate•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• thJJ«: d c erljficate iuurd e/ectrqoical{y from t/ie Co/orrulo Scc rt tazy ofS1gt( 's Web sit< is fu//v and immediak/y valid and rff«tfre. Hoive»er , a s an optio n. 1he is.ruance and \'O/idity of a certific a te obtained electronically may be establl!htd by visiting the Certificate Confirmation l'agt of 1/re Secretary of State's ll'eb site. lu!Lll\1\1 .t<>.f .. f/11{(.<"0<<fb1;(i!rtifirnt(S(ll1'(iiCrit<"rlu~ entering the certificate's confirmation number displayed o n 1he certificate, and f o llm•ing the inst111ctio n.r di•played. C onfirminr the jm1ancr ofa centficate i.! mm/~ omjonal qnd js not neun azy to the yql!d qnd <ff«li.rt jm10nq ofq rert[ficate For more information, visit our We b site, h11p:1 ,.,, w.sautm~.w us did. Business Ce nter and ulect .. Freqiwntly Asked Quesrions. " C£RT_ G!if R.,,;,,J QINQ.·2()()8 RECORDED DELA WARE MERGER 00CUME~T 1111 rN~.11:=~:~ l~Nt,~~~~,·.11~~\1~~tr&'tl\i~I.~ 11111 Reception~: 760313 1211812008 03 :14 :00 Pl'I Je•n AllMrico 2 of 6 Rec •ee.$3 1 00 Doc Fee ·O 00 CARF!£LO COUNoY CO TJeh:ware PAGE l Tfie :first State I, HARR.IET SMITH WINDSOR, SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, DO HEREBY CERTIFY THE ATTACHED IS A TRUE AND CORRECT COPY OF THE CERTIFICATE OF MERGER, WHICH MERGES: "TBI PIPELINE COMPANY'', A DELAWARE CORPORATION, "TBI WEST VIRGINIA, INC .", A DELAWARE CORPORATION, "TOM BROWN, INC .", A DELAWARE CORPORATION, WITH AND INTO "ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC . " UNDER THE NAME OF "ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC . ", A CORPORATION ORGANIZED AND EXISTING UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, AS RECEIVED AND FILED IN THIS OFFICE THE TWENTY-SECOND DAY OF DECEMBER , A . D. 2004, AT 6:15 O 'CLOCK P.M. AND I DO HEREBY FURTHER CERTIFY THAT THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THE AFORESAID CERTIFICATE OF MERGER IS THE FIRST DAY OF JANUARY, A .D . 2005 . A FILED COPY OF THIS CERTIFICATE HAS BEEN FORWARDED TO THE NEW CASTLE COUNTY RECORDER OF DEEDS . 2137895 8100M 040934710 Harriet Smich Windsor. Secretary or State AUTHENTICATION: 3584585 DATE: 12-29-04 DEC-22-2004 WED 04:12 PM FAA NO. 3038322366 P. 03 State of llr!lm.iaxe Sec:z.t:azy o:f St:a!:a ~v.i.sion 0£ Corporat.ian.s Deli~ 06: lS PN 12/22/2004 FILED 06: l~ PH 22/22/2004 SRV 0409347l0 -2237895 FILE STATE OF DELAWARE CERl'IFJCATE OF MERGER OF DOMESTIC CORPORATIONS Pursuant to Tille 8, Section 25l(c) of the Delaware ('ieoeral CoJpOration Law, the undersigned corporation executed the following Certificate of Merger: FIRST: The name of the surviving corporation is EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc .. and the names and j urisdictions of the corporations being merged into this surviving corpordtion are as follows: ~ Tom Brown. Inc. TBI Pipeline Company TBI West Virginia, Inc . !Y!isdiciion oflncoiporation Delaware corporation Del;iware corporation Delaware corporation SECOND: The Agreement and Plan of Merger has been approved, adopted, certified. executed and acknowledged by each of the constituent corporations. TBTRD: The name of the surviving corporation is EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Jnc .• a Delaware corporation. FOURTH: The Certificate of Incorporation of the surviving corporation shall be: its Cenificate of Incorporation. FlFTH: The merger is to become ~ffective on January I, 2005. SIXTH: The Agreement and Plan of Merger is on file at 950 J 71b Street, Suite 2600, Denver, Colorado 80202, the place of business of the surviving corporation. SEVENTH: A copy of the Agreement and Plan of Merger wiJl be furnished by the surviving corporation on request, without cost, to nny stockholder of the constituent corporations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, said surviving corporation has vauscd this certificate to be signed by an autborixed officer. the 171b day of December, AP .. 2004. ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. Docum••• l'rocuslni; rec If document is on paper: If d.x:amcnl is filed clocttonically: F•cs >re subject 10 than,c. r .. , d~uco>c. cilins :ud '° obOtn cepii:-1 of filed doa11im:i~ Yisii l"'Jl..~'i\ lktiV\:r ~ 4oc'IUMG1S to.: Col0<1'° Sttttwy o! $1>1<: 8-iOl.'Sf Oiwi1ion SI0.00 Currently Not Available ------------------- 1')~•5!0 174!'5 c ~-1tj.1J(• :;~1;;;e1~.'.'."/ (? STalE •)1 -!t-t\'(t.5 1 :;:1~~ ~:3 U60 Dl"Oldw>y, Suk< 200 Oen".,.• CO 50202-5169 P>p<r -•IS rm:<I be lypc-d or m>chi."l< pcir.1ed. Statement of Foreign Ent ity W llhdr:ma l fil<d pursuan t 10 ~7-90-30 1, ct seq. and F-90-~06uf 11>1: Colo?ado Revis<d S1>1U1es (C.R.S) ID numb<r: I. rnic name: 2. Assumed cnhty name (ifdiff<r<nl 6.,. Tn:t ...,..) 3. Rc&isicrcd agent: (t!,. mdhid.<>I); OR (1r• busi""' °''>.uz..ion)< 19871734159 ---- _i:roi~·~------------------- Ill~) The p<r>on •ppointcd u "'~~sttn:d ug.:nt in 1hc doc umtt11 II.ls COl\Sdlled lo bcins so >ppointed. R<&IS1c1cd •i;•nl str«I •ddlt$$: Rci;incn:d ,,cnl m>ih"' oddress: tir.i.1r.:..n1 ftoe1 :bo..:) OR c o IGt>J ---·-(9"") IC4-"1 -1/ •0I US) 1r th• 1~t;i1tc1cd •cent is no !oncer 10 be maintained, the n~iling oddttts 10 "hich •crv1ce of prot:tss m ay be m>i k.'CI: <lo EnCan.-. Oil & Ga• (USA) lne. (Sint1 ~-•4' .-.~,.,po;, O§lu loi 1af.,....,kHI) 370 17111 Sir NI. S.Uo 1700 co ~~-~-~--~----{Slord ,,. •• ,,.rro, t "H.:i ~" 1nJnoot lefl 4. 11!fisdic 1ion or fonnation: 5. Princip>l onic<: nr.ltling 3dd=s: 370 17111 Slleoi. Suile 1700 °""""' co 80202 -----IC-11)11--·----tSl1m;1 tFfbMfi"/.>JI Colrl 6. The cnucy wol! no loni;ct tra nsact busin= or conduc 1 >ct1vilks In this s101e •nd ii tdinqu ishcs iu au1ho1 ity 10 1r:tnS3tl business or conduct ac:i•i:ics in thi• •talc. 7. fhe re~tro!lon or nil cnde names regi.rercd by lhe entity wilh Ilic sccrc1.ry o r sl>tc pursll3nt to ~7· 70-101, C.K.S. and any JSSu1n.:c! cnlity name pursuanl to F·90·60l, C.R.S. arc withdrawn upon the tiling o( this st>1cmen1. ~. 10ptiunul) Odaycd effect ive date: C1usins; lhu docun·..:nl to Ix dch•eicd to !he scc1cQry of state for fi::ng sb•ll eonsrirui. L'ic 3Jfirm31iofl o r l<knowkdi;t11"nl ofe11ch ir.di>·1dual cousinss~h delivery, under pccalli« ofperj"')'. that 111.: documcnl Is th• hdividll3ts •ct >nd deed, or 11ut11lx individu>l in aOQd faith believes lhc cjocu:ncnl is th~ act and d-.,d nf lbc person on whos.: b<halfthe individual is ca,..ing lbc Jocwncnt 10 be d elivacd for fi:iog, takcn in conformity wi1h the rtquircmcnis ofp•n) o h nicle ?O of1ille 7, C.1<.S., lhc cons1i1utnt docwocuts, and 1hc org>nk $1.llut.:s. ond d1ot thc i11dividunl in i;ood (3i!h bclie>'e& the f•CIS sialcd lu th~ document ue true und die documenc complies .vid1 tloc r~qoiremcnls of rhal P•tt , lht cons1irucn1 Joc1UT1c111s. •nd tbc ori;;inic s!Jlulc" 'll1is pc1iury Mlicc appli« lo c~ch indi,·it!uol who ca1c'cs 1h11 document tu be dtliveu d 10 1hc sccrclary of <Ill<. wlu:1htt or not such individu~I is n31tled in lhc documen1 as one who h3s CJ~ 11 to be &:li11~cd. 9. N.in..'{s) •nd addrcss(cs) of 1t.c indi•idual(s) c•usillg the docu.'Lcnl 10 bc c!divcr.:d for li11t1g: Sa'-A ---,Fl<~aJ---l>liMJ.-J we-.. S"11or.Jn Meclc & Tochly. I' C. tS.t!ll AAoWf """'fl'li'Mkr W Ptul ~ &\t u,w,,.,.1UJ 8'1 17111 SUool. S...18 600 co 80202 tSit1lo!J /S.lf•I r fTt.· '°<"~''"'' ,.ttd 1101 Jtllf.• tlt:t ifw .,.. . .,., .. rut.' gdtf,tu '/«ell\' tltM M C Mill\f"-'-' JIOl'fo<"I•«. if l°"' lfiJ.h 10 ''4': ''-•' lltt!W •1td """"'' • ~ •/•"4YHd1ti,,,,,..J ~1,/ivi,i.JJ (11.11Jl.J: ti~.-drxWNLJ I t<1 bi.-J.-Li.1'11dj;,, filWtt. ""'«rt "'" berOnnJ ;,.J,..',• '"' t'fl1w 4t.K'11I w-...$.' 11 .. • *'"-' '*""""'"•-· '""""'"""·' Oinb inlcr: This form. ~nd any rela1cd instructions. arc 001 intended 10 provide lec.aJ, business or ux adviu, ond arc ofkrcd os a public service witl'.o"' represcnta1icn or wunnty. Whtie 1hi.< form is believed 10 sa1isfy min1m:im lln . lft )ll.'00-t l efl llU WJ~.rl~~·:i~~ ~tN¥·'· ~Vr!~~~IA Ifill «l'llM,'i i·,·~ 11111 Reception~: 760313 12/18 12008 03 ·14 ·00 PM J ean Alber :co COUl"TY CO 6 of 5 Rec Fee·$31 .00 Doc Fe e ·O 00 GARF IELD • kUil:l f«{uircrncnti aa of its icvlsion date. compliance \V\tb <1pplicablc law. as the same may be: atnQlded rroin l ime to time, rcinain.s the rcq>cruibi\ity o f lhc u.sier or lllis form. Quu tions should be addr~ to liK user's -auomcy. Mineral Owner List Minerals Owned By EnCana: Township 5 South, Range 95 West, 6'h P.M. Section4: N/2 Section 15: S/2. S/2N/2 Section 16: All that part lying South of the southernmost Mahogany maker a.k.a. Hoffman No. 36 Placer Mining Claim (S/2N/2 of Sec. 16, being a port: on thereof) a .k.a. Hoffman No. 35 Placer Mining Claim (N/2S/2 of Sec. 16, being a port:on thereof) a.k.a. Hoffman No. 34 Placer Mining Claim Section 17: All that part of the N/2S/2 lying South of the southernmost Mahogany maker a.k.a. Hoffman No. 30 Placer Mining Clam (N/2S/2 of Sec. 17) S/2S/2 a.k.a. Hoffman No. 31 Placer Mining Claim (S/2S/2 of Sec.17) Sections 19 through 22: All Sections 27 through 34: All Township 5 South, Range 96 West, 6th P.M. Section 2: W/2, less and except those portions conveyed by Union Oil Company of California to Exxon Corporation by Special Warranty Deed recorded in Book 640, Page 869, Garfield County, Colorado. Sections 3 through 5: All Sections 8 through I 0: All Section 11: W/2, less and expect those portions conveyed by Union Oil Company of California to Exxon Corporations by Special Warranty Deed recorded in Book 640, Page 869, Garfield County, Colorado. Section 14: W/2, SE/4, W/2NE/4 Section 15 and I 6: All Section 17: E/2 Section 21 through 28: All Section 33: N/2N/2, less and expect the West 32 rods of the NW/4NW/4 contain ing 16 acres, more or less Sectin34: NW/4NW/4, NE/4 Section 35: N/2 section 36't N/2, N/2SE/4, S/2SE/4 lying easterly of Parachute creek Township 6 South, Range96 West, 6th P.M. Section I: Lots 3 to 14, inclusive Sections 2 and 3: All Section 4: That portion of the sect ion east of Parachute Creek Sections 9 and I 0: All Section 15: W /2, W /2E/2 Section 16: All Section 21: E/2NW/4, NE/4, SE/4, Se/4SW/4 Section 22: N/2, SW/4 Section 27: W /2NW 4 Section 28: NW/4, NE/ 4SE/4 Minerals Owned by Bureau of Land Management: Township 4 South, Range 95 West, 6u. P.M. Sections 19 and 20: All Section 21: E/2SW, NE/NW/4, NE/4, N/2SE/ 4, SE/4SE/4 Sections 22 through 27: All Section 28: S/2, S/2S/2, NE/4NE/4, NW/4NW/4 Sections 29 through 34: A ll Section 35: N/2 Section 36: N/2 Township 4 South, Range 96 West., 6th P.M. Section 22: S/2, NW/4, W/2NE/4 Section 23: S/2, NE/4 , E/2NW/4 Sections 24 thr oug h 27: All Section 28: E/2 Section 33: SE/4, S/2NE/4, NE/4NE/4 Sections 34 and 35: All Section 36: N/2, SW/4 I llllll lllll ll lll l Ill ll lll lllll ll lll lll Ill ll llll Il l llll 655347 07/02/2004 02:58P 81602 P267 M ~LSDORF 12 of 86 R 496.00 D 2644.50 GRRFIEL O COUNTY CO SCH EDL l.F. I-AS [no ral Parcel ~o. 7608 (Book: 138 at Page: ~ 13 Recording Date: January 29 . 19 23 Grantor: Rod erick D. Burnham Grantee: U nion O i l Company of California) A ll o f the fo ll owing describe d m ining claim s or premises situate, lying and being in the C o unty of Garfield and State of Colorado. tO-\.\·it : The Bellis No. I. P lacer\ lining C laim. s ituate in Gar field C ounty. Colo rado, described as the north !::i!f of the southwest quarter, th1.. st>ulheast l u.irtcr of tlw north\\ cs.t quartc,r, and the southwest quarter of the northeast q uarte r o Section twenty -nine in Township five south of Range n111cty-;}\·e \\.:St oLhc \)l\t'l Pnncipal \kril.1.tn. MEMORANDUM OF ROAD USE PERMIT WHEREAS o n the 1st day of July 2010, a Road Use Permit ("Permit") was made and entered into by and between Exxon Mobil Corporation, a New Jersey corporation with an address for purpose of the Permit of ExxonMobil Production Company, CORP-WGR-714 , P.O. Box 4697, Houston, Texas 77210-4697 ("ExxonMobil") and Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc., a Delaware corporation with an address of 370 17th Street, S uite 1700, Denver, Colorado 80202 ("Encana") each sometimes referred to herein as "the Party" and together hereinafter called "the Parties." T he Permit allows the use by ExxonMobil of a certain portion of an access road which traverses land owned by EnCana located in Townships 4 and 5 South , Ranges 95 and 96 West, 6 th P.M., Garfield County Colorado, as shown on attached E xhibit A. The Road Use Permit allows the use by Encana of a different portion of the same access road which traverses land owned b y ExxonMobil located in Township 5 South, Ranges 95 and 96 W est, 6th P.M., Garfield C ounty C olorado, as shown on attached Exhibit A. T he Term of the Permit is from July 1, 2010 through June 30, 2030 and may be extended by either party for up to an additional 20 years. Notice is hereby gi ven that executed copies of said Permit are in the possession of ExxonMobil and Encana, and that said Permit contains the deta il s of the agreement between the parties, including a grant of the right to use the subject access road under the terms set forth therein. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Memorandum of Road Use Permit is executed on the da tes set forth in the acknowledgment, but is effecti ve for a ll purposes as of the 1st day of July, 2010. Encana Oil A fl ':f-~n~M...:::=:,, . ..._C_,_ap-'-p-1-s---'-'.....,._..-:::..>=.....4--""'4'--P-+---~ Attorney-in-Fact Date f l { yJ2<D I 2- 1 XTO Energy Inc. as agent for Exxon Mobil Corporation ~By ;:l_[f;__-f.1' Date ri./s/zoJ-z_ ) '(.,. ittltC Print Name: Edwin S. Ryan, Jr. T itle : Senior Vice Pres ident -Land Administration ' STATE OF COLORADO ) ) SS . CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER ) The foregoing instrume nt was acknowledged before me this ~ day of Llf CJ-!h'LOU) 2012, by Helen M. Capps as Attorney-in-Fact of Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc., a Delaware corporation. Witness my hand and official seal. w ••v •~•••••••••~•••~·~ My ~ommiss.ioolf~SON ~ ~ At-'H ~ NOTARY PUBLIC ~ (Seat) STATE OF COLORADO ~ ~~~~#C#~####.#######*#~ My Commission Expires 03/25/20 13 STATE OF TEXAS ) ) SS. COUNTY OFT ARRANT ) The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this ~ day of ~ 20 12, by Edwin S. Ryan, Jr. as Senior Vice President -Land Administration of XTO E nergy Inc., a Delaware corporation. Witness my hand and official seal. My Commission Expires: I /22/l lo (Seal) 2 17 11 11 3596 JO Z1 u 21 Jt Z7 IUlllOAO UUlllU!I u n u 96W 10 " 17 " 11 11 Jt 4SHW ,. zt )1 n " 11 20 zt 11 ll 0 05 1.5 , ....... 6S97jN•---==t=--~=J~ ., Exhibit A Attached to and made a part of that certain Memorandum of Road Use Pennlt between Exxon Mobil Corporation and Encana 011 & Gas (USA) Inc. dated effective July 10, 2010 11.a!&tl~ etlal ~ ..... •• It 20 21 u ~ 3 95W Jt Z7 Jt } <1 n ,, JS ,, 4S 5W 11 10 11 ,. 17 ,. 11 ,. tt .. n 3S94W 2• 11 11 ,. 4S94W 1? 1J 11 ,. 31 u " " u ---- i'- I IHI :: I ill lml l ~I I mn I m1~ !!I rll ' Ill ilm 11 1 l ~f I 6'5'334 8 0 7 I 0212004 03: 06P 01602 P342 t1 ALSO O;>l" 1 of 3 R 1G .e0 0 0 .0~ GA qF1 ELO COUNTY CO EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 950 17th S::-e et, Sui te 2600 D en ver, Col o rado 80202 Anc nt i-:rn: Dian e Blic!'n:cr. Esq. n.l ;ITC L AIM DEED !:L: ___________ _ l L_ ·-·----·--·· TTll S DEED, da1cd June J f . 2004 , be 1\\·ee n UNION O IL CO~.\P ANY Of CAU FORN IA. a C<'l rpora t ion duly o rganized and cx i:~'.i:lg und er the laws of the State of Cal ifor ni a ("Gra ntor"), whose legal address 376 South Valencia Avenue, Brea, California 92823, and TOM BRO WN, INC .. a corporat i11n du ly o rganized anJ ex isting under and by virt ue of the b ws of the St ate of De laware (''Grantet>"), wh 0 se legal address is 555 17th Street , Suite 1850, Dcm·er, Colorado 80202: WT !:\ESS . that the (i r;·1 ntor, for and in c :1n ~idero.t i on of the sum o f Ten and no/100 Do llars and other good and valua b le considcrntion, the receipt and sufficiency of wh ich are hereby acknowledged . has re m!s!.!d , releaseJ, sold and QUIT<. 1 All\ IF.D, and by these prec;ents does rem isc , release, sell a nd QUITCLAIM u:t to the Gr:rnkt>. its successors and assi g ns forever. all the right , tit le. int c:-::st , cla :!:1 and dema nd which the Grnr.to r has in :1 nd to any and all real prope rty . toge ther with impro v:-:n >!nts, if any , situ ate . ly in!.! and being in : Township -:l St>Ut h , Range 95 West of the 61 " P !'vi., Townshi p 4 Sout h. Range 96 West t)f the 6'h P.tvL. Townsh ip 5 Socth . Range 95 Wes t of the 61h P.M ., *Township 5 So uth . Range 96 West of the 61h P.M .. ;"¥: T0wn s hi p 6 Sot :t~. Range 96 West o f the 61 " P.M .. Township 7 S1)rt~. Range 96 West of the 6'" P .f\L G;i rf:e ld County , Co iorad1>. except 1hc fee interest to the >t<rfa ce r i1.:!1t s to th;H parcel of rea l r r=')pcrt y. t he legal dc~:::;ir:ion of which is attached as L\.hibit A (t h' ''Chenon RcscrYoir Ri d1t of F i:·:~! Re f,,;..;al Parcel'') and e-.;c cri r \•,·;t 'c r s',)ra gc righis re late d to s ue·"· p;ircel. Ciran to r a nd Grant ~'~ agree and intend '.~U t this in ;1rumcnt shall con vey to Grantee a ll of Gr·:ntor 's intcr ~s t in aml to o i l, gas and Nhcr m i n •~"~ls in and under the 1'.l :l d descr ibed abo ve (i ncludin ~ those umk -the land dcscrihcd on a tt:iched Exhjhj _t 6.1 (the "Real L:;1tt"). :-J eit,.1.·it hsundin1,? the prec ed inl!. t h~n; is rc~('n ·cd un tu Grantor, its success ••r.:: and assi iJ.'Vi and nvt C<'l1"-eyed herein a two r e -c"ll (2 %) .{r·'SS royalty in all oi ! and ~a~ ;-.rr1duced frrn~ or ti \lr!h uta blc to the Real htJtc convcy~'d l ~(':t·in which is :1 ~,,duccd . m itwd or ;"\~1erwis c ex tra cted fr nm shale (''Shale Oil'') \\'i i'1in the Gn:cn l{ivcr Fc •~:-:H ion from th e Sl.t c_ .. cc (() a d e: 11!1 tha l is <;t ;·1t i:·rn ph ica!iy t:qui va knt l\) the "Cl r.;n;;c ~fork d' w ith in th <.: Gar{~\:~: (i ulch mcmb.::r of th e G r;:::n Ri\'er Fc .. ~m atiun , sl11.:h de :-ith heim,! the strat i~iz1 r1 it.: q t.ival!.!nt to a ck :~t h of2105' in the Skelly Oil CY1'1 pany #l Dry Fork Unit wdl, S\\' I /4 ~,",\'I i 4 <; ·-I /-l d ' S cn:0 :1 ~ 5. Towns hiD 4 South . R:rnuc 97 \Vest of the 6th P :VL , Garfield C0tW" . (1)lorad(1. Fu r the a\·0 ida n ce o f doubt..!'.'.<' fo rego in g r ~)y alty reserved hert'in I l ~ Ill ~llll Hllll m1 ~II ~\ m1 1111 ~I m Ill ~ II il m l ~~I 5 5 53~3 01/02/2004 03:e s? 6 :602 P343 ~ ALSOORF 2 of 3 R 16.00 0 0 .0e GARF!ELO COUNT~ CO unto Gramor shall en:itle Grantor to a cost fr;_-~ share equal to two percent of 8/8ths of all Sh:ile Oil in addition to any rreviousiy ex isting mineral intc~c sts or burdens excepted above :ind is not dependent on the existence (or nor.exi~t cncc) of any :-r::ncral lease covering all or any portion of the Real Estate . Grantor may, at its or :i <)r. and in its sole di <;c ~~tion, ekct fw m time to time 10 take its ~l"l y alty share in kind upon giving Grantee at least nin ct \· days prior written notice of such intent. 11" \\Tl'~f.SS \\ Ii ERE OF. the Gr;intor has caused its corp o rate name to be hacun\o subs -.-ri bcd by its :lt:o rn cy-in-fa ct on this J L . day of June . 2004. STA .! L OF COLORADO ) ) SS . CITY A?\D COCNTY OF DEN \'ER ) UNION OIL COMPANY OF CAL TT ORNIA. a Calir:x ni<i corporation _........, / By : ./ 1-2,.,.,_ ,.~ ;::_ _, _f;..,.,_.t.'f_ __ _ Brian J. Kell'. \ · · · _H n-Fact Acknowledged before me this __ day of June, 2004 by Brian J. Kelly. Att o n c v-in-Fact for Uni o n Oil Company of Ca lifornia. a Califeir1 ~i a CN:1 0ration . Witness my hand and 11ffic ial seal Nol:tr\· Public ') 1 rnm11 ~m1 1 H11 11 m1 rn 1~1 ~1 1 1 i 11 11~ 1111 ~ 11 111 11H1 655348 07 /0212 0?; 03:06P 01602 P344 M ALSOOPF .3 o f 3 R 16 .00 0 0 .0~ GP OFIEtD COU llTY ::n ( Jnclucb: Unocal Parcel Nos . 76 3 1, 7632. 7633,7634. 7660 ,76 930. 7699and Porti ons 0r 7616. 7625. 7627 A, 7639 and 76.:t6) Section 30: Lots I 0 , l J. 12. I 3 & 14 Sc c::.1 n 31 : l co•<> :?. 3. 4. 9 & 10 Sc c ~ion "25: Lo ts 7 and 8 Section 36: NE 1/4 & SE I 14 exc ~'Pl that part of the St\l 1t:1 Q.19 .09 fo.:t l yin g We s t ol th e C cmcrlin~ o f \>arachut~ C'rc :I.... Section 4 : Lr.t ~ 4. 10. 12 & an d all that pa rt 1.)f Lot 1. SEl/41'\W J/-l, S W1:'4>:\i. L'..J, N W J/4S W I '-l and Lo t I I ly int! Fas: o f tL:..: ccn tcrl int! uf Parachute Cr(:c-k St>ct il.m9: !.r.~~\..J .5, I I &SWJ!4>:W l /-l TOGE THER with a pared t )f bn<l. -c'(:~:-.:c.J to as 1h:: Gran lcc Gulch Schoo l Parce l, in t he >J\'r°hwcst Quarter of the Sllltthwest Quarter (;\W I t-lS\V 1/4 ) of Secti on 4. Township 6 South. R ang~ 96 We"t or th e Sixth Pr inc ipal \-leri<lian. Cllt::1~'" of Garlic Id. State o f Co lora do <k,c:·ib cd a s fo ll ~n\'s: Start ing at the :\onhwes t ctlrner of t he Southwest qu :1:-tl'r o f Scc ti t)n -t, To wn shi p 6 St111th. Ran ge 96 We st ' I 1is Comer is k•ca tcd on tht: S<.1u th sid e o f a g u lc h) runn ing down th e gu lch Soulh of East 582 !\;...:t to the n;:•:k fr o:1; thence d(nn1 th e \T .'::'k West o f Sou t h 207 ft-~1 fr 0::1 thence \.\'es ; :-1>6 !Cct f·"'r'i thenc~ :(,,~•, 363 ~!:-,". EXCEP -·';G ::·.:re fr ,'·n thar portil)n or' Cutmt y Roa d 2 15 that l'r"·S:>e~ the subjec t propt>,.··· including the R oadwa) suncy parcel s and s lice parcels c1.1nv..:yc d to The fhrnrd or Cuun ty o f (\)m 1'"' 1ss iPncrs of (i;'.r!ic lJ Cou nty . Co lorado in S pecial W·!;·r;1n ly Dc l~d rec orJ ed D<.·~·cm b..:r 30 . 1986 i11 Bt)1l k 702 at P J ~e .'.l~..J and a s ct •rrec tt:d in instru·rl'n~ r(';:1~~ .. b ..l Ju n.: l 5, l 98 7 in I3o o k 7 14 :lt Pnee I. 1\-I AFTER lU'.C ORDING, RF.TliR:"j TO: EnCana Oil & Gas lcS.-\) Inc. 950 17'" Street, Sui te 2601) Denver. Coloratlt' 80202 Anenti o n: Diane Blic s1.ncr. Es~1 . SPECIAL WARRANTY DEEO I I ___ _ UNlON O IL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, a corporation duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of th e Stale of California ("G rantor"), whose legal address is 376 So uth Valencia A ven uc. Brea, Cali fo mia 92823 , for the consideration of Ten and 0011 oo•h Dollars ($10.00) and other good and va luable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which arc hereby acknowledged, in hand paid, hereby sells and conveys to TOM BROWN, lNC., a corporatio n duly organ ize d and ~xis ti ng under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Delaware ("Grantee''), whose legal address is 555 17'" Street, Suite 1850 , Denve r, Colorado 80202. all the real property, togethe r with improvements. if any, s ituate, lying and being in the County o f Garfi eld and State of Colorado, tO \Nit: SE E EXHIBIT A ATTA CHED HERETO AND INCORPOR:\TED HF.REIN BY REFE REN CE, with all its appurtenances (the '·Real Es tate'"), and warrants the title to the same against all persons claiming urnkr <.i rant o r. subject lo taxes for the current year, whic h const it u te a li en not ye t d uc o r payable , an d subject h i all matters listed on attached Exhibit I3 . The preceding warranty is intended by Grantor to be made to Grantee only and is not imcndcd to bcndit a ny future owne r or encumbrancer of the pmperty and shall not run with the lam.I. .!.t.fSER V r\ TIONS Gran tor and Grantee agree and in tend that thi s instrument shall convey to Grantee a ll 1)il. gas and other minerals in and under the Real Estate subject 10 the following n:scrvations and exceptions. Grantor e xcepts he rcfrom such valid mint:ral inten:sts in the Real Estate \including, without limitat ion. any mineral cstate ownership . vi i. gas or rnincral le:.1 sc. royalty. O\'crriding rc•ya lt y. executive right. production payment. net proti1s intt:rest or othe r mmernl intt!rcst 01" any kind \1,:ha tsocn:r J l)Wncd b y 1)r in fav1)f of third parties (i) which were rct:arded prior lo the execmio n date hcn:oi' in the appropriate public reC1>rds of th e County or Clluntics in whic h all or a p1)rti o 11 o f the Real [s tate an: lo cated ur (ii ) ,)r v,:bich Cirantec had actual knuwkdge prio r to tht! cxcc uti 1)11 hc:re1.1f. (irantcc a grc:~s that the mineral interests herein convt:yed by Gra ntor. 1tany. shall be subjec t t,) :.ind shall 1101 incluJe the Jl.Hc g~1 in~ described [)rl.:Viously existing minera l inlt!fC:StS. Thcrc is further hereby rl'sc rv..:d and cxct!p ted un to Grantor. its s uccessors and ass igns and not c 0 11vt.:~t.:<l h..:rein a two pl.'rc em ~2%) gross ro yalty in all oil and ga s pr odu ced fro m or :mribut a blc to the R..:a\ Es tate com·eycJ hcrt:in which is produced. mined or o therwi se extracted from shale ("Sha le Oil'' J within tht: Green River Forma ti on from the surface to a Jepth that is st rati graphicall y equivalent to tht: ··orange Ma rker·· wi1hin 1hc G:1 :-. · .~n Gulch mcmba of the Green Ri va fonnati un .. such lkpth bei ng the str:.1t ig raphic equivalent to a \.l epth of 210 5 · in the S kdly Oil Company# I Dry Fork l:nit well , SW 1/4 NW 1/4SE1 /4 or Sect io n 25, l'ov·mship 4 South, Range 97 We~t l>f the 6'h P.~L Cbrfield Coun ty. Coil>rad o. Fo rthc avoi da nce o f do ubt. the fore go in g roya lty rese rved herein unto G rantor s hall t.:ntitle Granter to a cost free !:>hnrc e4ua\ to two pt.:rcent of 8/&th s o f all Shale Oil in addition to any pre viously ex istin g mineral interests or burdens excepted above and is no t dependent on the t:xistcm:<.: (or no nexi stence) ofany mineral lease coverin g all or any portion o f the Rea l Estate . G ran to r muy , at its optio n and in its sole discretion, clt:c t from time to time Lo take its royalty s ha re in ki nd up o n g ivin g Grantee at least ninety da ys prior writtcu notice o f such intenl. It\ WITNESS WHEREOF, th e Granto r has ca used its corporate nam e to be hereunto s ubscrib ed by its art o rne y-i n-fact o n this _ll_ Jay of June, 2004. STATE OF COLO RAD O ) ) SS. ClTY A>iD Cul ;NTY OF DENVER ) UN ION OIL C'OMPA NY OF CA LI FORNI.A., a California corporation By: _ _£~~-~ Brian J . Kelly, Attor~-in -Fact Acknowledg ed before me this ~-day o f Junt:. ~004 by Brian J. Kelly , At torne y-in -Fact fo r Uni o n Oil Com pany of California, a California corporation. I •• • • • • • •. J. . --. ----------"--- >:ota~· Public re s: __ _ ... ~~--- E XH IBlT A !,.c ga l Dt!Sc ri p1 ioQ (R e al E state Except R eservoir Parcel aud Int ake Parce l) [Sec attached Schedules I -A I through l-A47] 11111 11 11111 11111 11 11 111 111 111111 111 11 1111 11 1111 1111 111 660502 09 /24/2004 03:55P Bl625 P498 M ALSOORF 1 of 13 R 66.00 0 0.00 GARFIELD COUNTY CO AFTER RECORDI NG , RETURN TO: EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 950 17th Street, Suite 2600 Denver, Colorado 80202 Attention: Diane Blieszncr, Esq. ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION AGREEMENT (Leases , Cont racts, Permits. and Other Rights and I ntangibles) (Reservoir Parcel 11 ) This Assignment and Assumption Agreement (this ''Assigrunent"), dated as of September 2 i , 2004 (the "Effective Date"), is executed by UNION OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORl"JlA , a California corporation ("Assignor"), and TOM BROWN, INC., a Delaware corporation ("Assignee"). I. Hecitals. Assignor and Assignee are parties to that certain Purchase and Sale Agreement as of June JO. 2004 (as amended, the "Contract"), pursuant to which Assignor agreed to sell and Assignee agreed to buy certain real estate located in Garfield County, State of Colorado, including the parcel more fully described on i;xhibit A (the "Property"). Pursuant to the Contract, Assignor has agreed to assign to Assignee, and Assignee has agreed to accept the assignment from Assignor, of all or Assignor's right, title, and interest in various leases ("Leases"), contracts ("Contracts"), pcm1its, and other rights and intangib les as more folly set forth on Ex hi hi t B attached hereto (collectively, the "Assigned Property"), with the understanding that the assignment and ass umpt io n are lo be effective w ith respect to righ ts and liabilities accruing from and after the Effective Date. 2. A ssignment and Assumption. In consideration of the purchase and sak of tht: Propc11y pursuant to the Contract, Assignor assigns to Assignee all right, titk, and interest of Assignor in the Assigned Property and Assignee accepts such assignment and assumes, as of the date and time of this Assignment, all of the Assignor's obligatio n s under the Assigned Property arising on and after the date and lime of this Assignment. 3. Prorations. All ren t and other items of in come associated wi th any Lease or Contract shall be prorated betwe~n the Assignor and Assignee as of the date and time of closing with an appropriate debit or credit therefor on the settlement statement delivered in connection wi t h the closing of the Contract. Al I amount s payab le with respect to th e Assigned Propc11y shall be prorated between Assi6111 o r and A ssigne~ as of 11 11 111 11 111111111111 11111111 11111 11 11 1111 111 111 1111111 '660502 09/24/2004 03:55P 81625 P4 99 M ALSDORF 2 of 13 R 66.00 D 0 .00 GARFIELD COUNTY CO the dale and time of closing with a11 appropriate debit or credit therefor on the settlemc1~l statement delivered in connection with the c losi ng of the Contract. 4 . I n demnitv. Assignor indemnifies, defends, and holds hannless Assignee Crom all claims, costs, expenses, and obligations of whatsoever nature, including reasonable attorneys' fees, which arc an ohligation of Assignor under the Assigned Property occurring or arising with respect to the period ending as of the date and time of this Assignment. Assignee indemn ifi es, defends, and holds harmless Assignor from all claims, costs, expenses, and obligations of whatsoever nature, in cluding reasonable attorneys' fees, which are an obligation of .'\ .. -;signor or Assignee under the Assigned Property arising on or after the date and time of this Assignment. 5. Notices. Any notice or other communication permitted or required to be given pursuant to this Assignment to any party sha ll be deemed to have been duly given (i) three business days afler being mailed by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested , (ii) one business day following its deposit with a nationally recognized courie r promising next business day delivery, or (iii) inuncdiatdy upon hand delivery addressed as follows: If to Assignor, to: With a copy to: With a copy to: Union Oil Company of Cal ifornia 376 S. V:ilencia Ave. Brea, California 92823 Attn: Real Estate Department ·· Brian J. Ke lly Fax: (714)577-1 717 Union Oil Company of California 376 S. Valencia Ave. Br<..:a, Ca lifornia 92823 Attn: Legal Department ··· Mary Parish, Esq . Fax: (71.+) 577-2776 ShL:rrnan & Howard 1..f..C. 633 Seventeenth Street, Suite 3000 Denver, CO 80202 Attn: Robert L. 13rown , Esq. Fax: (303) 298 -0940 11 1111 111 111 111111 111 111 111 11111 1111 11 11 1111 11111111111 660502 09/24/2004 03:55P 81625 P500 M ALS DOR F 3 of 13 R 66 .00 0 0.00 GARFI ELD COUNTY CO If to Assigne e, to : Wi t b a copy to: Torn H1\>W11 , Inc. 555 Seventeenth Street De nver. Co lorado 80202-3918 T e lep hone No.: (303) 260-56l9 fax : (303) 260 -5188 Attention: David Davenport EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 950 17th Street, Suite 2600 Denver. Colorado 80202 Attention: Diane Blicszncr, Esq. F (-70)')_6. "6·--ax: / _ ' ) -.) ) ) 6. Attornevs' Fees. fn the event of any dispute, litigation, or other proceedings for the enforcement or interpretation of this Assignment , the nonprevailing party shall pay to the prevailing pany on demand an y and a ll costs, fees, and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) incurred hy the prevailing party in connection with such dispute, litigation, or proceed ing or the exercise of any rights under this Assignment. 7. Contract and Interpretation. All capitalized tenns not defined in this Assignment shall have the meanings giv en to them in the Contract. Assignor and Assignee intend that the me aning of "Assigned Property" be as broad ant.I encompassing as necessary to effccniate the transfor from Assignor to Assignee of any and all interests of Assignor in any Leases , Contracts, pennits, rights, benefits, income, revenue, and intangibles benefiting or burdening or otherwise associated with the Property. In the event of any inconsistency between the provisions of the Contract and the provisions of this Assignment, th e provision in the Contract shall control. Without limiting the gen eralit y of the preceding, by wa y o f e xample and not limitation , all of the provi s ions o r the Contract regarding release and indemnity shall apply to the assignment :md assumption of the Assigne d Property under this Assignment. Except as expressly set fr>rth in thi s Assignment or th e Contract, Assi g nor makes no wananty or representation o f <my kind or nature and here by disclaims any and all implied warranties with respect to the Assigned Property. 8 . Miscellaneou s. This Assignment anJ the Contract constitute the entire underst a nding of Assi gnor and Assi gnee with respect to th e ir subjec t matte r. Thi s Assignment may not be modi lied e xce pt by \vritt e n agreement \)f Assignor and Assignee . This Assignment may be executed in se parate counterparts, all of which, taken together, shall constitute one and the same document. This . .:\ssignment shall bind and benefit Assignor, Ass ignee and their respecti ve s ucc e ssors and assigns. ·' 1 ·11111111111111111111 11111111111111111111 11111111111111 660502 09/24/2004 03:55P 81625 P501 M RLSDORF 4 of 13 R 66.00 0 0 .00 GRRFIELO COUNTY CO This Assi gnm e nt ha s been executed to b(· d'fcc t i vc as of thG date first st:l fort h above. ASSJGNOR: UNION OIL COMPi\t\Y OF CALIFOKNl A, a Cali fornia corporation STATE OF CAUFOR>JTA ) SS. COUNTY OF -------·-) (-7&C A /!Ac1/UP AC!<.tUOuJA.eJ?~&A/f'A.J7) Acknowledged before me this ___ day of Sc ' er , 2004 by Brian J. Kelly as Attorney-in-Fact for Unio n Oil Company of Ca . ia, a California corporatio n . . p 1res: ___________ _ [SEALJ -------- '.\o tary P ubl ic [SEE SE PARATE PAGE fOR ASST Gl\lT 'S SIGNATUREl 1111 111 111 11 11 11111 11 11111111 111 1111 11 1111 11 11111111 111 660502 09/24/2004 03:55P B1625 P502 M ALSDORF 5 of 13 R 66.00 D 0.00 GARFIELD COUNTY CO ALL PURPOSE ACKNOWLEDGEIVIENT STATE OF CALI FORNIA ) ) SS. COUNTY OF ORANGE ) On September l 7. 2004. before me, A urora N . Lega spi. a Notary Public, personally appeared Brian J. Kell v . personally known t o me to be the person whose name is subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that he executed the same in his authori zed capacity, and that by his signature on the instrument t he person, o r the entity upon behalf o f which the person act ed, executed t he instrument on behalf of said corporation. Witness my h and and otlicial sea l. a~tvJt.-:f N otary Public A ITEN TION NOT/\R Y: /\lthough the information requested b elo w is optio nal , it co uld pre vent fr audulent anach me nt of this cert ific ati o n to u11authori4ed do1,;umcnt. Title or Type of Document: A ssi ~mrnent and Ass urn12!lP!L~grG.~IJ:l<;rJJ Trrrs CERT l FI C ATE MUST B E /\ TTACHED TO THE DO CU MENT l DESCRIBED AT RIGHT. ! Number of Pages: 5 paa.es includ i ng Exhibits A&I HQJ.g.l of 11 Date of Document : September l 7 . 2004 I I Capac i ty of Signer: Attomev-in-Fact Signer Represents: Uni onJ>il Companv of California S igner(s) Other Than Named Above : Eric D_,Jvlarn.b_ __ ----~=====·-=-~--·-~ 11i11 11 11111 1111111 11111111 111111111111111 1111111111111 660502 09/24/2004 03 :55P 81625 P503 M RLSO ORF 6 of 13 R S6 .00 o 0.00 GARFIELD CO UNTY CO ASS IGNEE: TOM 8ROWl\, I. C., a Delaw.~1r.c corpcrmtion (~ j · I r ' B. '(:?;)J-(;U1A/2)'--._. y -"' ...z=---'--~"--- d'~ Eric D. Marsh, Vice President '~v ST ATE OF COLORADO ) ) SS . CITY AND COUNTY OF DENV ER ) The foregoin g instrument was acknowledged before me this 2-\ day of September, 2004 , by Eric D. Marsh , as Vice Pres id ent of Tom Brown , Inc., a Delaware co rporation. Witness my hand and official seal. My commission ex pires: Mr Commission Expires Ju/110, llllfi_. (SEALl 5 I lll lll lllll llll lll Ill 11111 11 111 11 1111 1111 11 1111 11 11111 660 502 09/24 /2004 03 :55P 8 1625 P504 M RLSDORF 7 of 13 R 66 .00 D 0 .00 GARF I ELD COUNTY CO Section 30: Section 3 1: EXHIBIT A I.e!!a l J)e~crip tio n o f Reservojx Parcel (Includes Unocal Parcel l\os. 763 1. 7632, 7633, 7634, 7060, 7693 0, 7699 and Portions of 76 16, 7625. 7627 /\., 7639 and 7646) Lots I 0, l L 12, 13 & 14 Lo ts 2, 3, 4 , 9 & 10 s~c tion 25: Lots 7 and 8 *.Section 36: : ·E 1/4 & SE ll.+ except that part of t he South 949.99 feet lying West of the Centerline of Parachute C reek. Township 6 South. Range 9~ __ West. 6th P .M. Scction -l : Lo ts .+, 10, 12 & and all that pan of Lot l. SF.l/4N\Vl /4 , SW l /4 NWl/4, NW l/4SW 1/4 an d lot L l lying East of the centerlin e of P arachute Creek Secti o n 9: Lo ts 3, 4 . 5, 11 & SW l/4NW 1/4 TOGETHER with Grantor's 50% ime rest in a parcel of lan d . referred to as the Granlee G u lch School Parcel. in the Nort hwl!sl Quarter of the Southwest Q uarter (NW l/4SW l /4) of Section 4, Township G South . Range 96 W est of th e Sixth Principal Meridian. C ounty o f G arfield. State of Co lorad o described as follows: Starti n g at the >Jorthwcsr comer of the Southwest 4uartcr of Sc..::ct ion 4. Towns hip 6 South. R ange 96 West (This Comer is locat ed Oil the South s ide or a gulc h) ru1111ing down the g ulch South or F ast 582 tcct to t he c reek fr om th e nc e down rhc c reek West or South 207 leer from thence Wc..::st J36 fee t fr o m the nce North 3(>3 feet. l:X CEPTl.l\(i th e refrom that portion of County Road 215 that c rosses th e s ubject property includi n g t h c Roadway s urv c..::y parcels and s li de parcel s conveyed to The Board of County of Cornmiss ionc.:rs of Garfi<.:ld C nunty, Co lorado in S p ec ial W arrant y Deed recorded D ecember 30, 1986 in 8ook 702 at Page 424 and as corrected in in s trument record ed June IS, 1987 in Book 7 14 at Page I. \-1 1111 111 11 11 111 11111 11 111111 111111 11111 111 111 1111111 1111 660 501 0 9 /24 /2004 03 :52P 81625 P485 M RLSDORF 1 of 13 R 66 .00 D 183 .50 GARFIELD COUNTY CO ...,_ l I ' . .._, .,.,. I AFfER RE CORDI NG . RET URN TO: EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 950 I 7'h Street , Suit e 2600 Denver , Colorado 80202 Attention: Diane Blieszncr, Esq. S P EC IAL WARRANTY DEED UNION OTT. COMJ) ANY OF CALTFOR.1'JlA, a corporation du ly organi ze d and existing under and by vi rtu e of the laws of the State of California ("Gran tor"), whose le ga l address is 376 So uth Valencia Aven ue, Brea, Cal i fornia 92823, for the consideration ofTen and 00/lOO'h Doll ars (Sl 0.00) and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and su fficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, in hand paid. hereby sell s and co nveys to TOM BROWN, TNC.. a co rporation duly organized and ex is ting un der and by virtue o[the laws of the Stat e of Delaware ("Grantee"), whos e le gal address is 555 l 71h Street, Sui te 1850, Denv~r, Colorado 80202, all the re al property, togethe r with improvements. if any. si tuate , lying and being in the Cou nty of Gar field and State of Colorado , to wit: Sl•:F: EXHIBIT A ATTACHED H E RET O AND IN CORPORAT ED HEREIN BY REFERENCI(, with al l its appurtenances (the "Real Estate"), and warrants the title to the same against all persons claimi ng unde r Grantor , subject to taxes for the current year, which constinite a lien not yet du e or payable, and s ubjec t to all matters listed on attac hed Ex h ibit B. T he preceding warranty is intended by Grantor to be made 10 Gra ntee only and is not intended to benefit any future owner or encumb rancer of the property and shall not nm with th~ hmd. By Quitclaim Deed dated Jun e 11 , 2004 and recorded in th e Office of the Clt:rk and Recorder, Garfield County. Colorado, on Jul y 2. 2004 in Book 1602 at Page 342, Grantor conn.:ycd to Grantee all of Grantor's interest in and to oi l, gas and other minerals in and under the Real Estate and G ranto r reserved a two p~rcent (2%) gross ro yal ty in certain oi l and gas produced from or ::ittributablc to the Real Estate (the ''Reserved Royalty Interest"). Grnntor and Grantee agre e anu intend that this instrument shall not convey to Grantee the Rl!se rved Royalty Interest, all of which is expressly reserved by Grantor. lSEE PAGl'. 2 FOR SICINA rc 1u:1 '11111 11 11111 1111111 11 111111 11 11111 1111 1111 11 11111 111111 660501 09/24/2004 03:52P 81625 P486 M ALSDORF 2 of 13 R 66.00 0 183.50 GARFIELD COUNTY CO IN \VIT~ESS WHEREOF, the Grantor has caused its corporate name to b e h e re unto subscribed by its attorney-in-fact on this d-1 !_;·11ay of September, 2004. STATE O F CALffORNlA U N JON on, COMP Ai'\fY OF CALffOlu"lLt\, a California corporation ) (5tPIY /rffA C/-/0_/ j S $. A"lf:C/f./tJtA/.t..e0.~'6~~01) Acknowledged before me this _day of Septet Fact for Union O il Company of Cal i fornia , a Car· lSF:ALJ Notary Public I llllll ll lll ll lll ll Il l lllll ll llll l llll l Ill ll lll llll lll l 66 0501 09/24/2004 03 :52P 81625 P487 M ALSD ORF 3 of 13 R 66 .00 D 183.50 GARFIELD COUNTY CO i ~ j ALL PUR POSE ACKN O\V LEDGEMENT STATE OF CALIFORNIA ) ) SS. COUNTY OF ORANG!·: ) O n Septe mber 17. 2004, before me, Aurora '.'I. Legaspi , a Notary Public, perso nally appeared Brian J . Ke ll v . personally knO\VTI to me to be the person whose name is subscribed l o the wit hi n instru91 ent and acknowledged to me that he executed the same in hi s authorized capacity, and that by his signature on th e instrn ment th e pers on, or the entity upo n behalf of which the person ac ted, exec ut ed the instrument on behal f of said co rp oration. Witness my hand and official seal. -----------------A T I'ENTION NOT ARY· Although lhe informalion reques ted bel ow is option:i l, it could prcvcnl fr a udulen t attachment of this certification to unau thorized document. TI II S CE RTIFICATE Title or Type of Document: -~P.\;Ci~! Warran~y Dc<.:d MUST BE /\TTACIIED TO THE DOClj MENT l\iumbcr of Pages: _2 pa!!es incl_udimr Exhibit;> .').&B tota l vf 12_ D ESCR!J3ED AT RIGHT Date of Document: September 17. 2004 Capacity or Sign~r: _ !\ttq_rney'."i!l:f:ict Signer Represents: Unio n Oil Company of Cal i forn ia Signer(s) Other Than Named .'\bove:_ ::.SQ1_1e L . I lll lll lllll lllll ll Ill llll\ 11 11 111 1111 1111 1111111111 111 66050 1 0 9 /24/2004 03:52P Bl62 5 P48 8 M AL SDOR F 4 of 13 R 66 .00 D 183.50 GARFIEL D CO UNTY CO EX ll lfilT A J ,cga l Description o ( Reservoir Parcel (In clu des Unocal Parcel Nos. 7631, 7632, 7633, 7634, 7660, 76930, 7699 and Portions of 7616. 7625, 7627 A, 7639 and 7646) Township 5 South, Range 95 West, 6th P.!'v1. Section 30 : Lots 10, 11, 12, 13 & 14 Section 31: Lo ts 2, 3, 4 , 9 & I 0 Township 5 South. Ran~e 96 WcsL 6th P.M. Section 25: Lots 7 and 8 Section 36 : NEl/4 & SE 1/4 except that part of the South 949.99 feet lying West of the Centerline of Parachute Creek. T ownship 6 Sout h. Ran~96 West. 6th P.M. Section 4: Lots 4 , I 0, 12 & and all that part of Lot I , SE l/4N'W l/4, SW l /4NW I i4, ~Wl /4SW 1/4 and Lot 11 lying E:isl of the centerline of Parachule Creek Section 9: Lots 3, 4, 5, 11 & SWl/4NW l /4 TOGETH ER with Grantor's 50% interest in a parcel of land, referred to as the Granlee Gulch School Parcel, in th e Northwest Quarter of the Southwest. Quarter (NW1/4SW1/4) of Section 4, Township 6 South, Ran ge 96 West of the Sixth Principal Meridian. Coun ty of Garti clc.l, State of Colorado described as follows: Starling at the Northw es t corner oft he Sou thw est quarter of Section 4. Town ship 6 South, Range 96 West (Thi s Comer is located 0 11 thL: South s ide or a gulch) running down the gulch South of East 582 feet to the creek from then ce down the creek \.Ve st of South 207 feel from thence West 336 feet from thence ~orth 363 feet. EXCEPTING the refrom that portion of County Roac.1215 that crosses the subject property in cluding the Roadway survey parcels and sl ide parcels co11veycd to T he Bmml of County of Commissioners or Garfield County, Colorado in Special Warrant y Deed recor ded December 30, 198 6 in 13ook 702 at Page 424 and as corrected in in s trument rccord L:d June 15, 1987 in Book 7 14 al Page 1. :\-1 i,. , -:; .. \ ~, .. r 'Q . .• ? • • ·"t" • . ., .. . .. ~ ' . .· .' : ... .! ... 1 .... ·~--.~ Article 4-203.B.3 Adjacent Land Owners and Mineral Rights Owners Information Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 217109300013BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERSGARFIELD COUNTY 217128100018ENCANA OIL &GAS (USA) INC217129100005PUCKETT LANDCOMPANY 217121300955BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 217112300003MOBIL OIL CORP 217322200951U S NAVAL OILSHALE RESERVE 217322200951U S NAVAL OILSHALE RESERVE 217118200008CHEVRONUSA INC 213533400010CHEVRONUSA INC 217104100021ENCANA OIL &GAS (USA) INC 213532100009BERRY PETROLEUMCOMPANY &213534300957BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 213529100008CHEVRONUSA INC 213507300003OLDLAND, REUBENGERALD & STEPHANIE D 213308400006EXXON MOBILCORPORATION SUBJECT PARCEL213527300015ENCANA OIL &GAS (USA) INC 213518400956BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 213515100955BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 213507400953BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 213323100958U S NAVAL OILSHALE RESERVE 213506400952BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 191529400002OLDLAND, REUBEN G& STEPHANIE DIANE 191727400012ENCANA OIL &GAS (USA) INC 191520100952BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 4S 96W 6S 97W 5S 95W 6S 95W 5S 96W 4S 95W 6S 96W S c h u t t e C r e e k A l l e n w a t e r C r e e k E a s t F o r k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k J a n g l e D i t c h B e a r R u n P a r a c h u t e C r e e k E a s t M i d d l e F o r k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k L i t t l e C r e e k L o w C o s t D i t c h BenGoodCreek E a s t F o r k C o n n C r e e k West ForkParachuteCreek C a b i n W a t e r M i d d l e F o r k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k M i d d l e W a t e r S h o r t W a t e r G r a n l e e D i t c h ²ParcelsSubject P arcel F29 S torage yardPerennial S tream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 ADJACENT LAND OWNERS MAP F29 STORAGE YARDENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC.GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR.,SUITE 102GRAND JUNCTION,CO 81506TEL 970.263.7800FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE ALO -1 Page 1 Adjacent Land Owners and Mineral Rights Owners From Garfield County Assessor’s Records and Clerk and Recorder’s Records Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) January 13, 2015 Adjacent Land Owners (from Garfield County Assessor’s Records Parcel Number: 191520100952 Colorado River Valley Field Office Bureau of Land Management 2300 River Frontage Road Silt, CO 81652 Parcel Number: 191529400002 Reuben G & Stephanie D Oldland 14667 County Road 5 Rifle, CO 81650 Parcel Number: 191727400012 Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc c/o Merit Appraisal & Tax Consulting PO Box 330 Gainesville, TX 76241 Parcel Number: 213308400006 Exxon Mobil Corporation c/o Exxon Co USA PO Box 53 Houston, TX 77001-0053 Parcel Number: 213323100958 US Naval Oil Shale Reserve c/o US Dept of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20585 Parcel Number: 213506400952 Colorado River Valley Field Office Bureau of Land Management 2300 River Frontage Road Silt, CO 81652 Parcel Number: 213507300003 Reuben G & Stephanie D Oldland 14667 County Road 5 Rifle, CO 81650 Parcel Number: 213507400953 Colorado River Valley Field Office Bureau of Land Management 2300 River Frontage Road Silt, CO 81652 Parcel Number: 213515100955 Colorado River Valley Field Office Bureau of Land Management 2300 River Frontage Road Silt, CO 81652 Parcel Number: 213518400956 Colorado River Valley Field Office Bureau of Land Management 2300 River Frontage Road Silt, CO 81652 Parcel Number: 213527300015 Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc c/o Merit Appraisal & Tax Consulting PO Box 330 Gainesville, TX 76241 Parcel Number: 213529100008 Chevron USA Inc Chevron Texaco Property Tax PO Box 285 Houston, TX 77001 Parcel Number: 213532100009 Tax Department Berry Petroleum Company 1999 Broadway, Suite 3700 Denver, CO 80202 Parcel Number: 213532100009 Marathon Oil Company 5555 San Felipe Houston, TX 77056 Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) Adjacent Land Owners Page 2 Parcel Number: 213532100009 Wapiti Oil & Gas LLC 800 Gessner, Suite 700 Houston, TX 77024 Parcel Number: 213532100009 PGR Partners LLC 800 Gessner, Suite 700 Houston, TX 77024 Parcel Number: 213533400010 Chevron USA Inc Chevron Texaco Property Tax PO Box 285 Houston, TX 77001 Parcel Number: 213534300957 Colorado River Valley Field Office Bureau of Land Management 2300 River Frontage Road Silt, CO 81652 Parcel Number: 217104100021 Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc c/o Merit Appraisal & Tax Consulting PO Box 330 Gainesville, TX 76241 Parcel Number: 217109300013 Board of County Commissioners Garfield County 108 8th Street, Suite 213 Glenwood Springs, CO 81601-3363 Parcel Number: 217112300003 Mobil Oil Corp PO Box 53 Houston, TX 77001 Parcel Number: 217118200008 Chevron USA Inc Chevron Texaco Property Tax PO Box 285 Houston, TX 77001 Parcel Number: 217121300955 Colorado River Valley Field Office Bureau of Land Management 2300 River Frontage Road Silt, CO 81652 Parcel Number: 217128100018 Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc c/o Merit Appraisal & Tax Consulting PO Box 330 Gainesville, TX 76241 Parcel Number: 217129100005 Puckett Land Company 5460 S Quebec Street, Suite 250 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-1917 Parcel Number: 217322200951 US Naval Oil Shale Reserve c/o US Dept of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20585 Mineral Rights Owners (from Garfield County Clerk & Recorder’s Records via Encana Land Office) Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc c/o Merit Appraisal & Tax Consulting PO Box 330 Gainesville, TX 76241 Article 4-203.B.4 Project Description Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 760 Horizon Drive, Suite 102 TEL 970.263.7800 Grand Junction, CO 81506 FAX 970.263.7456 www.olssonassociates.com Project Description Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) As detailed in this application, Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. (Encana) is requesting an Administrative Review to allow a Storage Facility (Laydown Yard). The property is zoned Resource Lands by Garfield County. Table 3-403 of the Garfield County Land Use and Development Code identifies storage use as requiring an Administrative Review in this zone. The facility will be at an elevation of approximately 5,525 feet. The proposed project area is in a location that provides convenient field access for Encana operations. In addition, this land use will take advantage of a previously permitted surface disturbance and stay within the boundaries of the existing disturbance. The project site is located is approximately 14.5 miles north of the town of Parachute, Colorado in the northeast ¼ of the northeast ¼ of Section 29 and the northwest ¼ of the northwest ¼ of Section 28, Township 5 South, Range 95 West of the 6th Prime Meridian in Garfield County. The Garfield County parcel ID is 213527300015. The total project area is approximately 2.68 acres. The proposed laydown yard will utilize an existing disturbance. The current use is an active Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC) approved natural gas well pad. Copies of an approved COGCC Form 2 and Form 2A are included in this submittal. The proposed additional use is intended to accommodate storage of equipment and supplies on-site for convenient access related to Encana’s natural gas drilling and production activities. The proposed use is compatible with surrounding properties which are similar and are host to natural gas operations. This property is located within the Resource Lands (RL) zone district and is not within a platted subdivision. Storage Areas are an allowed use in the subject zone district provided the Administrative Review is approved. The proposed facility meets all applicable standards for the Resource Lands zoning district. The adjacent properties are primarily undergoing oil and gas development and have limited residential and agricultural operations. Due to the location of the facility, the proposed use will have minimal impact, if any, to the surrounding area. Project activities will generate little or no noise impacts thus sound impacts will be easily accommodated by the Garfield County and Colorado Revised Statue noise standards for Residential/Agricultural/Rural zones. The site is covered by Encana’s North Parachute Ranch Unit Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP), which details the use of site-specific Best Management Practices (BMPs). Implementation of the SWMP will ensure that activities conducted at the site comply with stormwater management regulations as required by Garfield County, the State of Colorado, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Through this plan, disturbed soils will be reseeded to regain stability as soon as practical and BMPs will be utilized to mitigate sediment F29 Storage Area Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Project Description Page 2 erosion and transportation. Implementation of these plans also ensures that installation and operation of this facility will not impact surface runoff, stream flow, or groundwater. This site is not covered by a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan. Nothing will be stored on site that requires an SPCC. This facility will be in operation for approximately thirty (30) years, the expected lifespan of the associated gas wells in the area. When the facility is no longer needed to support operation of the wells in the area, this site will be reclaimed by removing all surface equipment and structures, grading to restore original contours, replacing any topsoil that may have been removed, and revegetating the reclaimed area with the applicable seed mix. See Reclamation Plan for further information. A copy of Encana’s Blanket Surface Bond #2009-011 is included. Hazardous materials will not be stored at this location. The proposed use may require minor additional surface disturbance to accommodate the Grading and Drainage Plan. Encana employees and contractors will be on-site for short intervals picking up or dropping off supplies. Sanitation facilities, potable water and office space are not proposed. Portable toilets are provided throughout the area for use by field employees. The site will not be fenced. Access to the laydown yard is via Garfield County Road (CR) 215 (Parachute Creek Road) to the Encana Guard Shack for approximately 10.5 miles, then east approximately three miles along an Encana private access road, followed by making a left-turn to travel west along the private road for another one mile to the site location. There is no historic public access through the proposed site. See Traffic Analysis for further information. Copies of pertinent ownership and access documentation is included in the Deeds section of this submittal. No significant natural or geological hazards are found at the project site. Because this is a previously disturbed location with minor additional disturbance anticipated, impacts on wildlife and native vegetation will be negligible. No smoke, vibration, heat, radiation or fumes will be produced as a result of the operation of this facility. Adjacent properties will not be affected by the operations. A public nuisance or hazard will not be created. Traffic impacts to public roads will be minimal and will not require additional improvements or permits. Potential impacts to wildlife, natural environment, and the surrounding properties are expected to be minimal, if any. The proposed facility will be located on an existing disturbed area. The remote location of this facility and topography surrounding the facility acts as a visual and sound barrier in most directions. The facility will not be visible from surrounding properties and public roads. Per the Garfield County Land Use and Development Code Section 4-203.B.3 a list and a map of real property, the owners of record and mailing address, within a 200-foot radius of the subject parcel and mineral owners were identified through records in the office of the Clerk and Recorder and/or Assessor’s office. F29 Storage Area Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Project Description Page 3 The following table summarizes the required permitting for this facility. Table 1: Permits Required Permit Required Responsible Regulatory Agency Status Land Use Change Permit – Administrative Review Garfield County Application submitted TBD Stormwater Permit CDPHE Permit COR037689 issued 9/1/2004, renewed 6/20/2007, and administratively continued 6/21/2012, included in this permit. Air Quality CDPHE Not Required F29 Storage Area Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Project Description Page 4 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. Article 4-203.C Vicinity Map Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 E P a r a c h u t e , 8 M i l e s Encana Guard Station31 08 26 16 07 07 34 15 02 02 10 01 01 08 08 36 04 35 02 33 20 10 09 27 17 17 04 35 12 12 03 11 11 28 18 18 06 09 24 14 05 22 03 30 21 11 06 06 14 05 05 23 13 26 29 19 07 25 32 23 5S 95W 6S 95W 5S 96W 6S 96W East Fork Parachute Creek Ben GoodCreek Sc h u t t e Cre e k East Middle Fork Parachute Creek Par a c h u t e C r e e k Ca b i n Wa t e r West F o r k Para c h u t e Cree k M i d d l e F o r k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k Mi d d l e Wa t e r Gr a n l e e D i t c h ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary 3 Mile Buffer Subject Parcel Parcels Perennial Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 VICINITY MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE V-1 401 21 5 24 9 40 2 302 30 0 21 3 40 8 309 301 40540 4 40 3 407 300N 300S 373 30 8 30 0 B 31 0 354 303 3 3 8 307 30 0 E 40 6 30 0 O 30 0 W 34 0 370 37 2 37 4 372EE 371 5S 95W 6S 96W 5S 96W 6S 97W 7S 97W 7S 96W 6S 95W 4S 95W4S 96W 7S 95W 5S 97W 4S 97W 5S 94W 4S 94W 06030201 05 010204 06 05 04 0405 31 30 19 18 07 03 01 03 02050403 16 11 08 23 11 11 1111 11 11 09 20 21 06 12 13 23 22 23 32 32 06 20 28 25 24 03 33 23 34 26 20 27 21 29 33 3635 01 35 24 34 31 24 33 07 21 29 35 19 02 28 17 21 32 36 36 29 2526 08 202019 24 25 03 28 27 13 30 08 08 17 20 13 29 23 12 13 33 12 12 25 17 26 14 26 36 24 12 10 32 12 10 13 29 14 26 25 15 16 08 21 23 18 23 09 35 15 24 14 17 27 16 04 24 2220 20 36 25 05 22 23 24 33 22 15 13 09 17 09 15 17 21 34 28 28 16 27 15 32 09 23 22 16 14 25 21 35 25 34 14 26 09 10 1614 29 21 35 13 08 33 27 22 28 24 10 0102 07 23 14 20 22 16 12 31 17 16 08 08 20 17 30 19 02 05 07 03 04 18 32 04 01 29 15 34 05 22 10 36 24 26 28 27 19 09 35 34 09 06 06 18 31 30 05 19 04 18 19 15 07 03 10 02 30 19 27 31 01 30 22 22 18 07 21 31 10 26 31 36 10 15 21 30 19 07 18 06 19 30 31 29 28 27 26 25 06 07 18 19 30 07 18 19 06 34 22 27 34 03 10 15 22 27 30 3332 36353431 Copyright:© 2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Yard Vicinity Map SECTION 29, T5S, R95W, 6th, P.M. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO PROJECT No. DATE: SCALE: 1 of 1 Wasatch Surveying Associates906 Main Street Evanston, Wyoming 82930Phone No. (307) 789-4545 Fax (307) 789-5722 VICINITY MAP 14-04-11 8/22/2014 T O P A R A C H U T E £Sc a l e i n F e e t 0 5, 0 0 0 10 , 0 0 0 1:120,000 d ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INCPARCEL NO. 213527300015 F29 STORAGE YARDSITE LOCATION ! Article 4-203.D Site Plan Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 50' o· 50' SCALE: 1• = 50' CONTOUR INTERVAL = 2' CERT/FICA TE OF SURVEYOR I, TED T. TAGGART OF FRUITA, COLORADO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS MAP WAS MADE FROM NOTES TAKEN DURING AN ACTUAL SURVEY MADE BY ME OR UNDER MY DIRECTION FOR ENCANA OIL lie GAS (USA) INC. AND THAT THE RESULTS OF WHICH ARE CORRECTLY SHOWN HEREON. NORTI-IW£ST CORNER SECTION 29 1916 US CLO BRASS CAP (1589.35') w ' ---===--- N89'46'19"W, 5287.22' EXISTING TOPOGRAPHY WITNESS CORNER TO NORTI-IEAST CORNER OF SECTION 29 1916 US CLO BRASS CAP NORTHEAST CORNER SECTION 29 (TRUE POSITION) WITNESS COR. TO EAST 1/4 CORNER SECTION 29 1916 US CLO BRASS CAP 0 0 "' N ,.... ~ ' ~ ~ "' p 0 0 en O> CXl i-: N O> ~ ~ ~ "' p 0 0 en Source Map: U.S.G.S. Quadrangle Forked Gulch, Colorado INFORMATION TABLE TOTAL SITE AREA: 2.68:3 ACRES ZONING: RESOURCE LANDS FLOOD ZONE DESIGNATION: UNDETERMINED BY FEMA TOTAL AREA OF EXISTING BUILDINGS = 78 SQ. FT. NO PROPOSED BUILDINGS WASTE WATER SYSTEM: NONE CULINARY WATER SUPPLY: NONE GENERAL NOTES THE SITE SURFACE IS GRADED NATIVE SOIL OR GRAVEL. NO PLANNED SURFACE GRADING NO RECORDED EASEMENTS WERE FOUND MAP LEGEND t PUBLIC LAND SURVEY CORNER VJ :z: • SITE BOUNDARY CORNER a i7i -+-<>+-<>+-= EXISTING PIPELINE $: LL.J --SITE BOUNDARY LINE a:: PROJECT LOCATION DESCRIPTION A "TRACT OF LAND LOCATED IN THE SE1/4 NW1/4 OF SECTION 29, T5S, R95W, 6th P.M., GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SAID "TRACT BEING MORE PARTICULARLY DESCRIBED AS FOLLOWS: COMMENCING AT THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF SAID SECTION 29 AND RUNNING THENCE S89"46'19"E, 1589.35 FEET ALONG THE NORTH LINE 11-iEREOF; THENCE so·13'41"w, 2027.03 FEET TO THE POINT OF BEGINNING; THENCE N42'37'19"E, 63.16 FEET; THENCE N54 '14'05"E, 128.66 FEET; THENCE N62'59'03"E, 104.68 FEET; THENCE N67'19'21"E, 83.02 FEET; THENCE S89'22'19"E, 26.23 FEET; THENCE S68'10'56"E, 131.61 FEET; THENCE S80'40'21"E, 52.94 FEET; THENCE N89'35'11"E, 35.63 FEET; THENCE S22'06'24"E, 93.57 FEET; THENCE S80'36'19"W, 38.25 FEET; THENCE S68'25'02"W, 204.60 FEET; THENCE S66'02'33"W, 179.61 FEET; THENCE S72'49'00"W, 87.85 FEET; THENCE S79'33'43"W, 223.98 FEET; THENCE N11'00'10"W, 47.99 FEET; THENCE N68'34'20"E, 142.56 FEET; THENCE N13'39'32"W, 66.65 FEET TO THE POINT OF BEGINNING. SAID TRACT CONTAINING 2.683 ACRES, MORE OR LESS. THE BASIS OF BEARING FOR THIS SURVEY IS N0'09'11 "E, 2653.89 FEET BETWEEN FOUND MONUMENTS AT THE ~TNESS CORNER TO THE EAST ONE-QUARTER CORNER AND THE ~TNESS CORNER TO THE NORTHEAST CORNER OF SECTION 29, T5S, R95W, 6TH P.M. 0 Issued for Pre/ im in ar Review s 04 03 1 2 " SCALE (IN MILES) Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. >-~+-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+-~~+-~~~~~--1PREPAREDBY: ~~~~! REFERENCES USGS QUADRANGLE: FORKED GULCH CO. Wasatch Surveying Associates 906 Main Street Evanston, Wyoming 82930 Phone No. (307) 789-4545 TITLE: F29 Storage Yard Existing Site Plan Located in SE1/4 NW1/4 of Section 29 T5S, R95W, 6th P.M. Garfield County, Colorado ·s DATE: 8120114 SCALE: 1" = 50' ' PROJECT NO.: 14-04-11 DRAWING NAME: Site Plan SHEET NO.: 1 of 1 Article 4-203.E Grading and Drainage Plan Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT ENCANA OIL AND GAS - F29 STORAGE YARD GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO PREPARED FOR: ENCANA OIL AND GAS 143 DIAMOND AVENUE PARACHUTE, CO 81635 PH: (970) 285-2600 CONTACT: JASON ECKMAN PREPARED BY: OLSSON ASSOCIATES 760 HORIZON DRIVE, SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 PH: (970) 263-7800 CONTACT: LORNE C. PRESCOTT WYATT E. POPP, PE, LEED AP JANUARY 16, 2015 OLSSON ASSOCIATES PROJECT NO. 014-2796 FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT ENGINEER'S STATEMENT I hereby certify that this Final Drainage Report for the design of Encana Oil and Gas, F29 Storage Yard was prepared by me, or under my direct supervision, in accordance with sound engineering practices for the owners thereof. I understand that Garfield County does not and will not assume liability for drainage facilities designed b others. Wyatt E. Popp, PE Registered Professional E State of Colorado No. 385 OWNER'S STATEMENT o tt""' ....... ~- I , , hereby certify that the drainage facilities for Encana Oil and Gas, F29 Storage Yard shall be constructed according to the design presented in this report. I understand that Garfield County does not and will not assume liability for the drainage facilities designed and/or certified by my engineer. I understand that Garfield County reviews drainage plans but cannot, on behalf of Encana Oil and Gas, F29 Storage Yard , guarantee that final drainage design review will absolve and/or their successors and/or assigns of future liability for improper design . I further understand that approval of the Final Plat and/or Final Development Plan does not imply approval of my engineer's drainage design. Owner/Developer Authorized Signature Encana Oil and Gas -F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 Date FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard i Garfield County, CO 014-2796 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 A. Background ........................................................................................................................... 1 B. Project Location ..................................................................................................................... 1 C. Property Description .............................................................................................................. 1 D. Previous Investigations .......................................................................................................... 1 II. DRAINAGE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ................................................................................... 1 A. Existing Drainage Conditions ................................................................................................. 1 B. Master Drainage Plan ............................................................................................................ 2 C. Offsite Tributary Area ............................................................................................................ 2 D. Proposed Drainage System Description ................................................................................ 2 E. Drainage Facility Maintenance .............................................................................................. 4 III. DRAINAGE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CRITERIA ................................................................. 4 A. Regulations ........................................................................................................................... 4 B. Development Criteria ............................................................................................................. 4 C. Hydrologic Criteria ................................................................................................................. 4 D. Hydraulic Criteria ................................................................................................................... 4 E. Variance from Criteria ............................................................................................................ 5 IV. POST-CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER MANAGEMENT .................................................. 5 A. Stormwater Quality Control Measures ................................................................................... 5 B. Calculations ........................................................................................................................... 5 V. CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................... 5 A. Compliance ........................................................................................................................... 5 B. Compliance with Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission Criteria ........................... 5 C. Design Effectiveness ............................................................................................................. 6 D. Areas in Flood Hazard Zone .................................................................................................. 6 E. Variances .............................................................................................................................. 6 VI. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 6 APPENDIX A: MAPS AND EXHIBITS APPENDIX B: HYDROLOGIC CALCULATIONS APPENDIX C: HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard ii Garfield County, CO 014-2796 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard 1 Garfield County, CO 014-2796 I. INTRODUCTION A. Background This Final Drainage Report has been prepared for Encana Oil and Gas, F29 Storage Yard (the SITE) by Olsson Associates. This report evaluates the SITE’s historic drainage patterns, analyzes the change in stormwater quantity/quality associated with existing development, and provides design to alleviate the impacts of stormwater runoff due to the proposed use. B. Project Location The SITE is located in the SE ¼ of the SW ¼ of Section 29, Township 5 South, Range 95 West of the Sixth Principal Meridian, County of Garfield, State of Colorado. Refer to Appendix A for the General Location Map. The SITE is approximately 12.3 miles north of the Town of Parachute, Colorado, off of County Road 215 along the East Fork of Parachute Creek. C. Property Description The SITE consists of a modification to a previously developed pad of approximately 2.6 acres. According to the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the area of the SITE is classified as Rock outcrop – Torriorthents complex, very steep. No hydrologic soil group rating is assigned for this area. A soil map and description of NRCS soil groups from NRCS is included within Appendix A. The existing pad was built previous to this project and will need some grading modifications to accommodate the drainage requirements for this project. D. Previous Investigations To the best of our knowledge, no previous drainage investigations have been conducted in regards to this site. II. DRAINAGE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION A. Existing Drainage Conditions The SITE drains to the south into the East Fork of Parachute Creek. Refer to the General Location Map in Appendix A for the SITE location relative to major tributary drainage ways. The SITE is a flat pad that has been graded into steep and rocky terrain. The surrounding terrain slopes steeply from north to south all the way down to the East Fork of Parachute Creek via overland flow and natural drainage channels. The Rational Method for determining runoff per Urban Drainage and Flood Control District’s Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual (USDCM) has been applied resulting in site peak flow rates listed in Table 1, and calculations of each flow rate are presented in Appendix B – Hydrological Calculations. FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard 2 Garfield County, CO 014-2796 Table 1: Historic Peak Runoff Drainage Basin Area (Ac) 10-YR Peak Flow (cfs) 100-YR Peak Flow (cfs) OS-1 - Offsite Run-On 156 100.11 243.32 A - SITE Storage Yard 2.61 5.04 8.86 B. Master Drainage Plan To our knowledge, no master drainage studies have analyzed the SITE. C. Offsite Tributary Area The stormwater runoff from the offsite tributary area above the SITE will be routed through the proposed storage yard. The SITE has been designed to detain the runoff from the storage pad while allowing the offsite tributary runoff to flow through the storage yard unimpeded. The outlet from the SITE will be a two-stage weir and the runoff will be conveyed down an existing riprap reinforced slope, which will need some additional reinforcement. For the purposes of this study, all adjacent land was assumed to remain undeveloped in the foreseeable future. During construction, runoff from the SITE should be treated prior to leaving the SITE using methods described in Vol. 3 of the Urban Drainage and Flood Control District’s Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, including use of straw bales and/or other methods to provide temporary water quality. D. Proposed Drainage System Description Two basins are used to model the SITE and existing run-on, Basin A and Basin OS-1, respectively. Refer to the Drainage Plan Exhibit – Proposed Site in Appendix A. Basin A consists of an existing pad and will remain the same general shape, but will have to be regraded to provide the following features: 1) positive drainage on the SITE towards the outlet weir, 2) berms will need to be built to utilize the SITE as a detention basin to keep any stormwater runoff from flowing into adjacent drainage basins, and 3) a two-stage weir to control the outfall from the SITE. The outlet weir will convey the runoff to an existing riprap reinforced slope that will need to be improved to protect the hillside below the weir. Basin OS-1 consists of 156 acres of undeveloped area on the north side of the SITE. Basin OS-1 drains via sheet flow and natural drainage channels onto the SITE. The SITE will be used to convey the runoff from Basin OS-1 through the two-stage weir at rates equivalent to current conditions. The release rates for the runoff from Basin A are calculated based on common engineering practices and are detailed below. FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard 3 Garfield County, CO 014-2796 Mesa County Storm Water Management Manual Table 1402 - Allowable Release Rates for Detention Ponds (cfs/acre) CONTROL FREQUENCY SOIL GROUP A B C/D 10-year 0.05 0.09 0.12 100-year 0.25 0.43 0.50 For the areas within the drainage basins, the hydrological soil groups are either C, D, or Not- rated (for which D will be used). As such, the allowable release rate for the 10-year event in Basin A is 0.12 cfs/acre * 2.61 acres = 0.31 cfs and for the 100-year event in Basin A is 0.50 cfs/acre * 2.61 acres = 1.30 cfs. Because Basin OS-1 will remain undeveloped, the runoff from Basin OS-1 is not required to be detained. Runoff from Basin OS-1 will be conveyed through the site and the two-stage weir at rates equivalent to the historic peak runoff rates. These discharge rates for the weir are summarized below and shown in the Hydraulics Calculations in Appendix C. The weir is designed to release stormwater off of the SITE at rates that are as follows:  10-year event - Basin OS-1 historic runoff 100.11 cfs Basin A 10-year release rate 0.31 cfs Total release rate through first stage of weir 100.42 cfs  100-year event - Basin OS-1 historic runoff 243.32 cfs Basin A 100-year release rate 1.30 cfs Total release rate through second stage of weir 244.62 cfs An investigation into the weir sizing was conducted with the following results. The goal of the investigation was to find the most feasible size to use with the existing 2.5 ft (+/-) high berm.  Iteration #1 – weir height size based upon Basin A 10-year stage storage volume. Minor Storm Stage Height – 0.4 ft +/- Length – 118 ft Conclusion – too low and too wide to be practical.  Iteration #2 – weir crest length sized to match for existing rundown channel. Minor Storm Stage Height – 0.82 ft Length – 40 ft Major Storm Stage Height – 1.60 ft Length – 21 ft Conclusion – The second stage is narrower than the first stage – not feasible.  Iteration #3 – weir crest lengths for first and second stage equal. Minor Storm Stage Height – 1.07 ft Length – 27 ft +/- Major Storm Stage Height – 1.35 ft Length – 27 ft +/- FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard 4 Garfield County, CO 014-2796  Iteration #4 – weir crest length and height based upon constructability and practical function. Minor Storm Stage Height – 1.45 ft Length – 17 ft Major Storm Stage Height – 0.97 ft Length – 45 ft Conclusion – Results in a practical solution. Drawback of results is water ponding on the SITE during the storm even. Refer to the Grading Plan Sheet in Appendix A and Hydraulics Calculations in Appendix C for details on the weir design. E. Drainage Facility Maintenance The owner shall be responsible for maintaining all on-site drainage facilities. The berms and weirs should be examined after any significant rainfall event to ensure proper functionality. III. DRAINAGE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CRITERIA A. Regulations This report has been prepared in accordance with common engineering practices, Mesa County’s Storm Water Management Manual, the Urban Drainage and Flood Control District’s Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, and Garfield County Standards. B. Development Criteria There are no known constraints placed on the SITE due to floodplain studies, master studies or adjacent property drainage studies. Flows from the offsite tributary area will be allowed to flow through the SITE at their existing rates. C. Hydrologic Criteria Hydrologic calculations have been prepared in accordance with common engineering practices and criteria set forth in Mesa County’s Storm Water Management Manual and Urban Drainage and Flood Control District’s Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual. Rainfall intensities used are sourced from the NOAA Atlas 14, Volume 8, Version 2. Refer to Appendix B for all hydrologic calculations. D. Hydraulic Criteria Hydraulic calculations have been prepared in accordance with criteria set forth in the Mesa County’s Storm Water Management Manual, Urban Drainage and Flood Control District’s Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, and Garfield County Land Use and Development Code, Article 7, Section 204. Refer to Appendix C for all hydraulic calculations. FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard 5 Garfield County, CO 014-2796 E. Variance from Criteria No variances from criteria set forth in the above noted regulations are requested at this time. IV. POST-CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER MANAGEMENT A. Stormwater Control Measures The proposed F29 storage yard will act as a detention pond for its own stormwater release while also conveying the offsite tributary run-on through the site without changing the offsite flowrate. This drainage plan has had to account for the fact that the quantity of run-on is significantly higher than the quantity of runoff from the SITE that needs to be mitigated. The final design is the result of the need to manage and control the final outfall of both flow rates. The rundown at the weir outfall will require some reinforcement of an existing riprap rundown. B. Calculations All Hydrologic Calculations can be found in Appendix B. All Hydraulic Calculations can be found in Appendix C. V. CONCLUSIONS A. Compliance This report has been prepared in accordance with common engineering practices and the criteria set forth in Mesa County’s Storm Water Management Manual, Urban Drainage and Flood Control District’s Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, and Garfield County Land Use and Development Code, Article 7, Section 204. B. Compliance with Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission Criteria 100-Year Run-on Diversions The offsite tributary run-on will be conveyed through the SITE and discharged through the proposed weir onto an existing rundown that will require some reinforcement. 25-Year Runoff Control Runoff release rate from the SITE will be mitigated through the proposed weir on the south side of the SITE and discharged onto an existing rundown that will require some reinforcement. The proposed weir has been designed to mitigate the 10-year and the 100- year precipitation events. FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard 6 Garfield County, CO 014-2796 C. Design Effectiveness Proper implementation of the proposed measures outlined in this report will alleviate the direct impacts of stormwater runoff on adjacent, downstream lands. The quantity of stormwater released from the SITE will be equivalent to, or less than historic conditions. A registered licensed engineer in the state of Colorado has been consulted for the preparation of construction plans related to the recommendations outlined within this report. D. Areas in Flood Hazard Zone The SITE is within FEMA Panel 0802050900B, which has not been printed. Based on the relative elevation above the nearest major river (approximately 200 feet), the flood risk has been determined to be minimal. Refer to Appendix A for the FEMA map information. E. Variances No variances from the criteria set forth in the references listed below are requested at this time. VI. REFERENCES 1) Stormwater Management Manual, City of Grand Junction and Mesa County 2) Urban Drainage and Flood Control District Urban Storm Drainage and Criteria Manual, Vols. 1-3 3) Garfield County Land Use and Development Code, Article 7, Section 204 4) NRCE Web Soil Survey - http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/WebSoilSurvey.aspx 5) FEMA Flood Map Service Center - https://msc.fema.gov/portal Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 APPENDIX A: MAPS AND EXHIBITS Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. Copyright:© 2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed DISCLAIMER : This Geographic Information System (GIS) and its components are designed as a source of reference for answering inquiries, for planning and for modeling. GIS is not intended, nor does it replace legal description information in the chain of title and other information contained in official government records such as the County Clerk and Recorders office or the courts. In addition, the representations of locations in this GIS cannot be substituted for actual legal surveys. Project Number: 014-2796 Drawn By: ABL Revision Date: 1/15/2015 General Location Map Encana Oil and Gas F29 Storage Facility Garfield County, CO SE1/4SW1/4, Sec 29, T5S, R95W, 6th PM Figure 1 ¯ F: \ P r o j e c t s \ 0 1 4 - 2 7 9 6 \ _ L D V P \ D r a i n a g e R e p o r t \ L O C A T I O N M A P . m x d Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. Hydrologic Soil Group—Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 12/29/2014 Page 1 of 4 43 8 5 7 0 0 43 8 5 9 0 0 43 8 6 1 0 0 43 8 6 3 0 0 43 8 6 5 0 0 43 8 6 7 0 0 43 8 6 9 0 0 43 8 7 1 0 0 43 8 7 3 0 0 43 8 7 5 0 0 43 8 7 7 0 0 43 8 5 9 0 0 43 8 6 1 0 0 43 8 6 3 0 0 43 8 6 5 0 0 43 8 6 7 0 0 43 8 6 9 0 0 43 8 7 1 0 0 43 8 7 3 0 0 43 8 7 5 0 0 43 8 7 7 0 0 749700 749900 750100 750300 750500 750700 750900 751100 749700 749900 750100 750300 750500 750700 750900 751100 39° 36' 9'' N 10 8 ° 5 ' 3 4 ' ' W 39° 36' 9'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 8 ' ' W 39° 35' 3'' N 10 8 ° 5 ' 3 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 3'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 8 ' ' W N Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 12N WGS84 0 450 900 1800 2700 Feet 0 100 200 400 600 Meters Map Scale: 1:10,000 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Rating Polygons A A/D B B/D C C/D D Not rated or not available Soil Rating Lines A A/D B B/D C C/D D Not rated or not available Soil Rating Points A A/D B B/D C C/D D Not rated or not available Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 8, Sep 22, 2014 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 22, 2010—Sep 3, 2011 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Hydrologic Soil Group—Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 12/29/2014 Page 2 of 4 Hydrologic Soil Group Hydrologic Soil Group— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 36 Irigul channery loam, 9 to 50 percent slopes D 46.7 32.3% 48 Northwater loam, 15 to 65 percent slopes C 16.8 11.6% 53 Parachute-Rhone loams, 5 to 30 percent slopes C 26.5 18.3% 62 Rock outcrop- Torriorthents complex, very steep 54.8 37.8% Totals for Area of Interest 144.8 100.0% Hydrologic Soil Group—Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 12/29/2014 Page 3 of 4 Description Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long-duration storms. The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D) and three dual classes (A/D, B/D, and C/D). The groups are defined as follows: Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission. Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission. Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission. Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Only the soils that in their natural condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes. Rating Options Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Hydrologic Soil Group—Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 12/29/2014 Page 4 of 4 *08020508758 *08020512758 *08020516758 ..-----J,. --- *08020509008 *08020509258 *08020513008 A~ 9~~ ~~ C), ........ *13058 Town of Parachute-_.µ.."*" (AREA NOT INCLUDED) 17058 *17158 *13108 Hu G *08020513508 ~ White River National Forest r;:: • • r:e •-, *17108 ~ • I •--..J _.J • • L.-e :08020517508 -__ ....,.._...&._ -·-1 *17208 Grand Mesa National Fore *PANEL NOT PRINTED -ALL ZONE D **PANEL NOT PRINTED -ALL ZONE X ***PANEL NOT PRINTED -THIS AREA IS SHOWN ON A 08020518858 IS SHOWN ON MAP INDEX FIRM FLOOD INSURANCE RA TE MAP GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO (UNINCORPORATED AREAS) MAP INDEX PANELS PRINTED: 955, 964, 965, 1015, 1043, 1045, 1091, 1092, 1111, 1315, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1431, 1432, 1434, 1445, 1453, 1465, 1470, 1705, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1870, 1880 MAP NUMBER 0802051NDOA MAP REVISED AUGUST 2, 2006 Federal Emergency Management Agency I This is an official copy of a portion of the abo-ve referenced ftood map. tt r----------i---------~----L ____ l ______ J--~~~rr~-~~-~~m-~ or amendments which may have been made subsequent 10 the date on the litle block. For lhe latest product informstiori about National Flood ln9ura~ce Program ftood maix; cheek the FEMA Flood Map Store al www.mt.e.fema.gov Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. RE V I S I O N S NO . RE V . DA T E RE V I S I O N S D E S C R I P T I O N project no.: approved by: checked by: drawn by: drawing no.: QA/QC by: date: SHEET ww w . o l s s o n a s s o c i a t e s . c o m TE L 9 7 0 . 4 6 1 . 7 7 3 3 52 8 5 M c W h i n n e y B o u l e v a r d , S u i t e 1 6 0 Lo v e l a n d , C O 8 0 5 3 8 OLSSON ASSOCIATES ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR EXISTING UTILITY LOCATIONS (HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL). THE EXISTING UTILITIES SHOWN ON THIS DRAWING HAVE BEEN PLOTTED FROM THE BEST AVAILABLE INFORMATION. IT IS HOWEVER THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CONTRACTOR TO FIELD VERIFY THE LOCATION OF ALL UTILITIES PRIOR TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF ANY CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES. NOTE THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN RELEASED BY OLSSON ASSOCIATES ONLY FOR REVIEW BY REGULATORY AGENCIES AND OTHER PROFESSIONALS, AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. THIS DOCUMENT IS NOT TO BE USED FOR CONSTRUCTION. CALL 811 SEVENTY-TWO HOURS PRIOR TO DIGGING, GRADING OR EXCAVATING FOR THE MARKING OF UNDERGROUND MEMBER UTILITIES R EN C A N A F 2 9 S T O R A G E Y A R D GA R F I E L D C O U N T Y , C O L O R A D O 20 1 5 01/16/2015 014-2796 EN C A N A F 2 9 S T O R A G E Y A R D WEP -- WEP ABL 1 SE 1 / 4 N W 1 / 4 O F S E C T I O N 2 9 , T 5 S , R 9 5 W , 6 T H P . M . DR A I N A G E P L A N S H E E T WEP XX .XX .XXX.XX OS-1 A 0.92 0.962.61 0.40 0.58156 WEIR STEP CROSS SECTION 6250 6255 6260 6265 6270 6275 6280 6285 6250 6255 6260 6265 6270 6275 6280 6285 2+00 2+42 WEIR CROSS SECTION 6255 6260 6265 6270 6275 6280 6285 6255 6260 6265 6270 6275 6280 6285 3+00 3+38 TYP. BERM SECTION 6265 6270 6275 6280 6285 6265 6270 6275 6280 6285 4+00 4+28 WEIR LONGITUTIDINAL SECTION 6265 6270 6275 6280 6285 6265 6270 6275 6280 6285 1+00 1+50 1+66 RE V I S I O N S NO . RE V . DA T E RE V I S I O N S D E S C R I P T I O N project no.: approved by: checked by: drawn by: drawing no.: QA/QC by: date: SHEET ww w . o l s s o n a s s o c i a t e s . c o m TE L 9 7 0 . 4 6 1 . 7 7 3 3 52 8 5 M c W h i n n e y B o u l e v a r d , S u i t e 1 6 0 Lo v e l a n d , C O 8 0 5 3 8 OLSSON ASSOCIATES ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR EXISTING UTILITY LOCATIONS (HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL). THE EXISTING UTILITIES SHOWN ON THIS DRAWING HAVE BEEN PLOTTED FROM THE BEST AVAILABLE INFORMATION. IT IS HOWEVER THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CONTRACTOR TO FIELD VERIFY THE LOCATION OF ALL UTILITIES PRIOR TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF ANY CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES. NOTE THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN RELEASED BY OLSSON ASSOCIATES ONLY FOR REVIEW BY REGULATORY AGENCIES AND OTHER PROFESSIONALS, AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. THIS DOCUMENT IS NOT TO BE USED FOR CONSTRUCTION. CALL 811 SEVENTY-TWO HOURS PRIOR TO DIGGING, GRADING OR EXCAVATING FOR THE MARKING OF UNDERGROUND MEMBER UTILITIES R EN C A N A F 2 9 S T O R A G E Y A R D GA R F I E L D C O U N T Y , C O L O R A D O 20 1 5 01/16/2015 014-2796 EN C A N A F 2 9 S T O R A G E Y A R D WEP 14-2796 GRADING.dwg WEP ABL 2 SE 1 / 4 N W 1 / 4 O F S E C T I O N 2 9 , T 5 S , R 9 5 W , 6 T H P . M . GR A D I N G P L A N WEP LEGEND 1. BERM ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE STORAGE YARD SHOULD BE TIED IN TO THE EXISTING BERM WHERE POSSIBLE. MINIMUM BERM ELEVATION MUST BE 6275.00' 2. RIPRAP TYPE H SPECIFICATIONS TAKEN FROM URBAN DRAINAGE AND FLOOD CONTROL - URBAN STORM DRAINAGE CRITERIA MANUAL, VOL. 1, TABLE MD-7: *D50 = MEAN PARTICLE SIZE (INTERMEDIATE DIMENSION) BY WEIGHT. NOTES SECTION D-DSECTION C-C SECTION A-A SECTION B-B EARTHWORK QUANTITIES SITE QUANTITIES CUT: 65 CY FILL: 3618 CY NET: 3554 CY (IMPORT) THE ABOVE ESTIMATES OF EARTHWORK QUANTITIES ARE NET QUANTITIES ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES OF PERMITTING, AND ARE NOT TO BE USED FOR PAY QUANTITIES. THE EARTHWORK CONTRACTOR SHALL DETERMINE HIS OWN QUANTITIES FOR BIDDING PURPOSES. Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 APPENDIX B: HYDROLOGIC CALCULATIONS Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. Project Title: Catchment ID: I.Catchment Hydrologic Data Catchment ID = A Area = 2.61 Acres Percent Imperviousness = 100.00 % NRCS Soil Type = D A, B, C, or D II.Rainfall Information I (inch/hr) = C1 * P1 /(C2 + Td)^C3 Design Storm Return Period, Tr = 10 years (input return period for design storm) C1 = 28.90 (input the value of C1) C2= 10.00 (input the value of C2) C3= 0.786 (input the value of C3) P1= 0.94 inches (input one-hr precipitation--see Sheet "Design Info") III.Analysis of Flow Time (Time of Concentration) for a Catchment Runoff Coefficient, C = 0.92 Overide Runoff Coefficient, C =(enter an overide C value if desired, or leave blank to accept calculated C.) 5-yr. Runoff Coefficient, C-5 = 0.90 Overide 5-yr. Runoff Coefficient, C =(enter an overide C-5 value if desired, or leave blank to accept calculated C-5.) Illustration NRCS Land Heavy Tillage/ Short Nearly Grassed Type Meadow Field Pasture/ Bare Swales/ Lawns Ground Waterways Conveyance 2.5 5 7 10 15 Calculations:Reach Slope Length 5-yr NRCS Flow Flow ID S L Runoff Convey- Velocity Time Coeff ance V Tf ft/ft ft C-5 fps minutes input input output input output output Overland 0.0040 47 0.90 N/A 0.23 3.42 1 0.0040 469 10.00 0.63 12.36 2 3 4 5 516 Computed Tc =15.78 Regional Tc = 12.87 User-Entered Tc = 15.78 IV.Peak Runoff Prediction Rainfall Intensity at Computed Tc, I =2.11 inch/hr Peak Flowrate, Qp = 5.04 cfs Rainfall Intensity at Regional Tc, I =2.32 inch/hr Peak Flowrate, Qp = 5.54 cfs Rainfall Intensity at User-Defined Tc, I =2.11 inch/hr Peak Flowrate, Qp = 5.04 cfs (Sheet Flow) 20 Shallow Paved Swales Sum CALCULATION OF A PEAK RUNOFF USING RATIONAL METHOD Encana F29 Storage Yard A Paved Areas & UD-Rational v1.02a - BASIN A 10YR, Tc and PeakQ 1/15/2015, 9:41 AM Project Title: Catchment ID: I.Catchment Hydrologic Data Catchment ID = A Area = 2.61 Acres Percent Imperviousness = 100.00 % NRCS Soil Type = D A, B, C, or D II.Rainfall Information I (inch/hr) = C1 * P1 /(C2 + Td)^C3 Design Storm Return Period, Tr = 100 years (input return period for design storm) C1 = 28.90 (input the value of C1) C2= 10.00 (input the value of C2) C3= 0.786 (input the value of C3) P1= 1.58 inches (input one-hr precipitation--see Sheet "Design Info") III.Analysis of Flow Time (Time of Concentration) for a Catchment Runoff Coefficient, C = 0.96 Overide Runoff Coefficient, C =(enter an overide C value if desired, or leave blank to accept calculated C.) 5-yr. Runoff Coefficient, C-5 = 0.90 Overide 5-yr. Runoff Coefficient, C =(enter an overide C-5 value if desired, or leave blank to accept calculated C-5.) Illustration NRCS Land Heavy Tillage/ Short Nearly Grassed Type Meadow Field Pasture/ Bare Swales/ Lawns Ground Waterways Conveyance 2.5 5 7 10 15 Calculations:Reach Slope Length 5-yr NRCS Flow Flow ID S L Runoff Convey- Velocity Time Coeff ance V Tf ft/ft ft C-5 fps minutes input input output input output output Overland 0.0040 47 0.90 N/A 0.23 3.42 1 0.0040 469 10.00 0.63 12.36 2 3 4 5 516 Computed Tc =15.78 Regional Tc = 12.87 User-Entered Tc = 15.78 IV.Peak Runoff Prediction Rainfall Intensity at Computed Tc, I =3.55 inch/hr Peak Flowrate, Qp = 8.86 cfs Rainfall Intensity at Regional Tc, I =3.90 inch/hr Peak Flowrate, Qp = 9.73 cfs Rainfall Intensity at User-Defined Tc, I =3.55 inch/hr Peak Flowrate, Qp = 8.86 cfs (Sheet Flow) 20 Shallow Paved Swales Sum CALCULATION OF A PEAK RUNOFF USING RATIONAL METHOD Encana F29 Storage Yard A Paved Areas & UD-Rational v1.02a - BASIN A 100YR, Tc and PeakQ 1/15/2015, 9:40 AM Project Title: Catchment ID: I.Catchment Hydrologic Data Catchment ID = OS-1 Area = 156.00 Acres Percent Imperviousness = 35.32 % NRCS Soil Type = D A, B, C, or D For catchments larger than 90 acres, CUHP hydrograph and routing are recommended. II.Rainfall Information I (inch/hr) = C1 * P1 /(C2 + Td)^C3 Design Storm Return Period, Tr = 10 years (input return period for design storm) C1 = 28.90 (input the value of C1) C2= 10.00 (input the value of C2) C3= 0.786 (input the value of C3) P1= 0.94 inches (input one-hr precipitation--see Sheet "Design Info") III.Analysis of Flow Time (Time of Concentration) for a Catchment Runoff Coefficient, C = 0.40 Overide Runoff Coefficient, C =(enter an overide C value if desired, or leave blank to accept calculated C.) 5-yr. Runoff Coefficient, C-5 = 0.33 Overide 5-yr. Runoff Coefficient, C =(enter an overide C-5 value if desired, or leave blank to accept calculated C-5.) Illustration NRCS Land Heavy Tillage/ Short Nearly Grassed Type Meadow Field Pasture/ Bare Swales/ Lawns Ground Waterways Conveyance 2.5 5 7 10 15 Calculations:Reach Slope Length 5-yr NRCS Flow Flow ID S L Runoff Convey- Velocity Time Coeff ance V Tf ft/ft ft C-5 fps minutes input input output input output output Overland 0.1333 300 0.33 N/A 0.49 10.27 1 0.2400 581 10.00 4.90 1.98 2 0.2016 2,182 10.00 4.49 8.10 3 0.5174 2,667 10.00 7.19 6.18 4 5 5,730 Computed Tc =26.53 Regional Tc = 41.83 User-Entered Tc = 26.53 IV.Peak Runoff Prediction Rainfall Intensity at Computed Tc, I =1.61 inch/hr Peak Flowrate, Qp = 100.11 cfs Rainfall Intensity at Regional Tc, I =1.22 inch/hr Peak Flowrate, Qp = 76.04 cfs Rainfall Intensity at User-Defined Tc, I =1.61 inch/hr Peak Flowrate, Qp = 100.11 cfs (Sheet Flow) 20 Shallow Paved Swales Sum CALCULATION OF A PEAK RUNOFF USING RATIONAL METHOD Encana F29 Storage Yard OS-1 Paved Areas & UD-Rational v1.02a - OS-1 10YR, Tc and PeakQ 1/15/2015, 9:39 AM Project Title: Catchment ID: I.Catchment Hydrologic Data Catchment ID = OS-1 Area = 156.00 Acres Percent Imperviousness = 35.32 % NRCS Soil Type = D A, B, C, or D For catchments larger than 90 acres, CUHP hydrograph and routing are recommended. II.Rainfall Information I (inch/hr) = C1 * P1 /(C2 + Td)^C3 Design Storm Return Period, Tr = 100 years (input return period for design storm) C1 = 28.90 (input the value of C1) C2= 10.00 (input the value of C2) C3= 0.786 (input the value of C3) P1= 1.58 inches (input one-hr precipitation--see Sheet "Design Info") III.Analysis of Flow Time (Time of Concentration) for a Catchment Runoff Coefficient, C = 0.58 Overide Runoff Coefficient, C =(enter an overide C value if desired, or leave blank to accept calculated C.) 5-yr. Runoff Coefficient, C-5 = 0.33 Overide 5-yr. Runoff Coefficient, C =(enter an overide C-5 value if desired, or leave blank to accept calculated C-5.) Illustration NRCS Land Heavy Tillage/ Short Nearly Grassed Type Meadow Field Pasture/ Bare Swales/ Lawns Ground Waterways Conveyance 2.5 5 7 10 15 Calculations:Reach Slope Length 5-yr NRCS Flow Flow ID S L Runoff Convey- Velocity Time Coeff ance V Tf ft/ft ft C-5 fps minutes input input output input output output Overland 0.1333 300 0.33 N/A 0.49 10.27 1 0.2400 581 10.00 4.90 1.98 2 0.2016 2,182 10.00 4.49 8.10 3 0.5174 2,667 10.00 7.19 6.18 4 5 5,730 Computed Tc =26.53 Regional Tc = 41.83 User-Entered Tc = 26.53 IV.Peak Runoff Prediction Rainfall Intensity at Computed Tc, I =2.70 inch/hr Peak Flowrate, Qp = 242.32 cfs Rainfall Intensity at Regional Tc, I =2.05 inch/hr Peak Flowrate, Qp = 184.07 cfs Rainfall Intensity at User-Defined Tc, I =2.70 inch/hr Peak Flowrate, Qp = 242.32 cfs (Sheet Flow) 20 Shallow Paved Swales Sum CALCULATION OF A PEAK RUNOFF USING RATIONAL METHOD Encana F29 Storage Yard OS-1 Paved Areas & UD-Rational v1.02a - OS-1 100YR, Tc and PeakQ 1/15/2015, 9:39 AM Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 APPENDIX C: HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. Project Description Solve For Input Data Discharge Headwater Elevation Crest Elevation Tailwater Elevation Weir Coefficient Results Crest Length Headwater Height Above Crest Tailwater Height Above Crest Equal Side Slopes Flow Area Ve locity Wetted Perimeter Top Width Messages Notes Weir -A 10 YR -Iteration 1 Crest Length 100.42 ft"/s 0.40 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 3.37 us 117.89 ft 0.40 ft 0 .00 ft 0 .25 ft/ft (H :V) 47.20 ft' 2 .13 ft/s 118.72 ft 118.09 ft 0 .32 cfs allowable release from A (10-yr) + 100 flow through from OS-1 (10-yr ) Bentley Systems, Inc. Haestad Methods SohBimtl~fit91VMaster VSI (SELECTserles 1) [08.11 .01 .03] 1/9/2015 1 :56 :23 PM 27 Siemons Company Drive Suite 200 W Watertown, CT 06795 USA +1-203-755 -1666 Page 1 of 1 Project Description Solve For Input Data Discharge Crest Elevat ion Tailwater Elevation Weir Coefficient Crest Length Results Headwater Elevation Headwater Height Above Crest Tailwater Height Above Crest Equal Side S lopes Flow Area Velocity Wetted Perimeter Top Width Messages Notes Weir -A 10 YR -Iteration 2 Headwater Elevation 100.42 ft'/s 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 3.37 us 40.00 ft 0 .82 ft 0 .82 ft 0 .00 ft 0 .25 ft/ft (H :V) 33.06 ft 2 3 .04 ft/s 41 .70 ft 40.41 ft 0.32 cfs allowable release from A (10-yr) + 100 flow through from OS-1 (10-yr ) Bentley Systems, Inc. Haestad Methods SoltBimtlCilplltewMaster VBI (SELECTseries 1) [08.11 .01.03) 1 /9/2015 1 :57 :03 PM 27 Siemons Company Drive Suite 200 W Watertown, CT 06795 USA +1 -203-755-1666 Page 1 of 1 Project Descr1pt1on Solve For Input Data Discharge Headwater Elevation Crest Elevation Tailwater Elevation Weir Coefficient Results Crest Length Headwater He ight Above Crest Tailwater Height Above Crest Equa l Side Slopes Flow Area Velocity Wetted Perimeter Top Width Messages Notes Weir - A 100 YR -Iteration 2 Crest Length 144.20 ft•/s 1.60 ft 0 .00 ft 0 .00 ft 3.37 us 21 .16 ft 1.60 ft 0.00 ft 0.25 ft/ft (H:V) 34 .50 ft' 4.18 ft/s 24.46 ft 21.96 ft 0.32 cfs allowable release from A (10-yr) + 100 flow through from OS-1 (10-yr ) Bentley Systems, Inc. Haestad Methods SollBiDltl~fitewMaster VBI (SELECTseries 1) [08.11.01.03) 1/9/20151 :57:26 PM 27 Siemons Company Drive Suite 200 W Watertown, CT 06795 USA +1-203-755-1666 Page 1 of 1 Project Description Solve For Input Data Discharge Headwater Elevation Crest Elevation Tailwater Elevation Weir Coefficient Results Crest Length Headwater He ight Above Crest Tailwater Height Above Crest Equal Side Slopes Flow Area Velocity Wetted Perimeter Top Width Messages Notes Weir -A 10 YR -Iteration 3 Crest Length 100.42 Wis 1.07 ft 0 .00 ft 0.00 ft 3.37 us 26.95 ft 1.07 ft 0.00 ft 0.25 ft/ft (H :V) 29.12 ft2 3.45 ft/s 29.15 ft 27.48 ft 0 .32 cfs allowable release from A (10-yr) + 100 flow through from OS-1 (10-yr ) Bentley Systems, Inc. Haestad Methods SohBiDltllllftlitewMaster V8i (SELECTserles 1) (08.11.01.03] 1/9/2015 1 :57:51 PM 27 Siemons Company Drive Suite 200 W Watertown, CT 06795 USA +1-203-755-1666 Page 1 of 1 Project Description Solve For Input Data Discharge Headwater Elevation Crest Elevation Tailwater Elevation Weir Coefficient Results Crest Length Headwater Height Above Crest Tailwater He ight Above Crest Equal S ide Slopes Flow Area Velocity Wetted Perimeter Top Width Messages Notes Weir -A 100 YR -Iteration 3 Crest Length 144.20 ft'/s 2.42 ft 1.07 ft 0 .00 ft 3.37 us 27 .30 ft 1.35 ft -1.07 ft 0.25 ft/ft (H :V) 37.32 ft' 3.86 ft/s 30 .09 ft 27.98 ft 1.31 cfs allowab le release from A (100-yr) + 242 flow through from OS-1 (100-yr), m inus what's going through smaller weir (100.32) = 143 Bentley Systems, Inc. Haestad Methods SohBimtlC¥fitewMaster V8i (SELECTseries 1) [08.11 .01 .03] 1/9/20151 :58 :11 PM 27 Siemons Company Drive Suite 200 W Watertown, CT 06795 USA +1-203-755-1666 Page 1 of 1 Project Description Solve For Input Data Discharge Crest Elevation Tailwater Elevation Weir Coefficient Crest Length Results Headwater Elevation Headwater Height Above Crest Tailwater Height Above Crest Equal Side Slopes Flow Area Velocity Wetted Perimeter Top Width Messages Notes Proposed Weir - A 10 YR -Iteration 4 Headwater Elevation 100.42 ft'/s 0 .00 ft 0.00 ft 3 .37 us 17.00 ft 1.45 ft 1.45 ft 0.00 ft 0.25 ft/ft (H:V) 25.26 ft2 3 .98 ft/s 20.00 ft 17.73 ft 0.32 cfs allowable release from A (10-yr) + 100 flow through from OS-1 (10-yr ) Bentley Systems, Inc. Haestad Methods SohBimtl~litewMasterVBi (SELECTseries 1) [08.11.01 .03) 1/9/2015 1 :55 :06 PM 27 Siemens Company Drive Suite 200 W Watertown , CT 06795 USA +1-203-755 -1666 Page 1 of 1 Project Description Solve For Input Data Discharge Crest Elevation Tailwater Elevation Weir Coefficient Crest Length Results Headwater Elevation Headwater Height Above Crest Tailwater Height Above Crest Equal Side Slopes Flow Area Velocity Wetted Perimeter Top Width Messages Notes Proposed Weir -A 100 YR -Iteration 4 Headwater Elevation 144.20 ft'/s 1.45 ft 0 .00 ft 3.37 us 45.00 ft 2.42 ft 0 .97 ft -1.45 ft 0.25 ft/ft (H:V) 43.77 ft2 3 .29 ft/s 46.99 ft 45.48 ft 1.31 cfs allowable release from A (100-yr) + 242 flow through from OS-1 {100-yr), minus what's going through smaller weir (100.32) = 143 Bentley Systems, Inc. Haestad Methods SollBimtl6l/JlitewMaster V8i {SELECTserles 1) [08 .11 .01 .03] 11912015 1 :55 :39 PM 27 Siem ens Company Drive Suite 200 W Watertown, CT 06795 USA +1-203-755-1666 Page 1 of 1 Encana Oil and Gas - F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, CO 014-2796 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. Article 4-203.E.16 Stormwater Management Permit and Plan Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 STATE OF COLORADO John W. Hickenlooper. Governor Christopher E. Urbina, MD, MPH Executive Director and Chief Medical Officer Dedicated to protecting and improving the health and environment of the people of Colorado 4300 Cherry Creek Dr. S. Laboratory Services Division Denver. Colorado 80246-1530 8100 Lo wry Blvd. Phone (303) 692-2000 Denver, Colorado 80230-6928 Located in Glendale, Colorado (303) 692-3090 http://www.cdphe.state.co.us June 2 1, 2012 C indy Allen, E HS T eam Lead Encana Oil & G as (USA) Joe 370 17 St Ste 1700 D e nve r , C O 80202 R E: Ren ewa l of Permi t/Certificatio n Administrative Conti nuation F or: North Parachute Ranc h Located at: 10652 CR 215, Parachute, Garfield County Pe r mit No.: COR037689 Dear Mr. Allen ; Colorado Depanmeoc of Publi c Health and Enviro nment T he Di v is ion has r ec eived an application to re new the ab ove permit/certificati on. It has b e en determine d that there is suffici e nt informatio n to make this pc nn it/ce rti fication eligible fo r renewal. More in form ation m ay be requested b y the Di v is io n as p rogress is made i n developin g a new permit/certification fo r the a bove listed faci li ty. This informa ti on must be made avai lable to the Di v is ion whe n requested to complete t he permit process. The D i vis ion is currentl y in the process of developing a new p e rmit or m aster general p ermit a nd associated certification fo r the above permitted faci lity. The developme n t a nd review procedures req u ired by law have not yet been completed . When the discharge permit issued to you for your facility ex pired o n Jun e 3 0, 201 2 your pe nnit is administratively con tinued a nd remains in effect under Section I 04(7) of th e Admini strati ve Procedures Ac t, C.R.S. 1973, 24-4-10 I , e t seq (1982 rep I. vo l. I 0) until the new permit/certification is issued a nd e ffective. A ll e fflu e n t pe1mit tenn a nd conditi o ns in your current p em1it wi ll rema in in effect until your new permit/certification is issued and effective. PLEASE KEEP T HIS LETTER WITH YOUR PERMIT AND SWMP TO SHOW CONTI NUATI ON OF P ERMI T COVERAGE. S incerel y, Debbie J essop Permits Section WATER QUALITY CONTROL D lV lS ION xc: Perm it Fil e Prepared by: EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Parachute, Colorado Volume 1 Master Stormwater Management Plan North Parachute Ranch COR-037689 Revised May 2008 Prepared fo r: EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Parachute, Colorado Volume 1 Master Stormwater Management Plan North Parachute Ranch COR-037689 Prepared By Dustin Fors ling Rev iewed By Lindsey Kruckenberg Revised April 2008 Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Site Specific Records ....................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 SWMP Administrator ........................................................................................................................ 1-2 2.0 Narrative Description of Master SWMP Permit Coverage Area ....................................................... 2-1 2.1 Sequence of Major Activities ........................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Well Pads and Roads ......................................................................................................... 2-1 2 .1.2 Pipelines ............................................................................................................................. 2-2 2 .1.3 Compressor Stations, Treatment Facilities, or Other Facilities ........................................ 2-4 2 .1.4 Man Camps and Helicopter Pads ...................................................................................... 2-5 2.2 Area Estimates ................................................................................................................................. 2-6 2.3 Description of Existing Topography and Soils ................................................................................ 2-7 2.4 Description of Existing Vegetation ................................................................................................... 2-7 2.5 Identification of Potential Pollution Sources .................................................................................... 2-9 2.6 A ll owable Sources of Non-Stormwater Discharge ........................................................................ 2-10 2. 7 Receiving Water ............................................................................................................................. 2-11 2.8 Master SWMP Permit Area Map and Individual Stormwater Site Plans ...................................... 2-11 3.0 Best Management Practices (BMPs) ................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Erosion , Drainage, and Sediment Control BMPs ............................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Non-Stormwater Control BMPs ....................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 .1 Materia ls De livery and Storage .......................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.2 Material Handling and Spill Prevention ............................................................................. 3-2 3.2 .3 Vehicle Clean ing , Fuel ing , Maintenance, and Tracking Controls ..................................... 3-2 3.2.4 Waste Management and Disposal .................................................................................... 3-2 3.2 .5 Dewatering ......................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.3 Stormwater Manual of BMPs ........................................................................................................... 3-4 3.4 Phased BMP Implementation .......................................................................................................... 3-4 4.0 Interim Reclamation and Final Stabilization ....................................................................................... 4-1 5.0 Inspection and Maintenance ................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1 Inspection Schedule ......................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.1 Minimum Inspection Schedu le fo r acti ve sites .................................................................. 5-1 5.1.2 Post-Storm Event Inspections at Temporarily Idle Sites ................................................... 5-1 5.1.3 Completed Sites ................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.4 W inter Cond itions Inspections Exclusion .......................................................................... 5-2 Revi sed February 2009 5.2 Performing Inspections .................................................................................................................... 5-2 5.3 Maintenance ..................................................................................................................................... 5-2 5.4 Documenting Ins pections and Maintenance ................................................................................... 5-3 6.0 Plan Revisions and Retention .............................................................................................................. 6-1 7.0 Inactivation Notice .................................................................................................................................. 7-1 8.0 Signature ................................................................................................................................................. 8-1 9.0 References .............................................................................................................................................. 9-1 List of Appendices Appendix A General Permit Application Appendix B Revegeta tion Manual Appendix C Ex isting Soil and Vegetation Data Appendix D Master SWMP Permit Area Map Appendix E Stormwater Manual of Best Management Practices (BMPs) Appendix F Final Stabilization Certification Appendix G Inspection and Maintenance Report Form Appendix H Inactivation Form ii Revised February 2009 1.0 Introduction This Master Stormwater Management P lan (Master SWMP) satisfies the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) Water Quality Control D ivision (WQCD) General Permit No. COR-030000 issued on May 31, 2007 for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activities (the Stormwater Construction Permit). EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. (EnCana) has submitted a General Permit Application to WQCD, a copy of which is provided as Appendix A. This Master SWMP has been prepared in compliance with CDPHE WQCD, the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA), and the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Permit (NPDES) regulations found in 40 CFR, Part 122.26 for stormwater discharges. The objectives of this Master SWMP are to: 1. Identify all potential sources of pollution which may reasonably be expected to affect the qual ity of stormwater discharges associated with construction activity within this Master SWMP permit area at each project s ite ; 2. Descri be the practices to be used to reduce the pollutants in stormwater d ischarges associated with construction activity within th is Master SWMP perm it area at each project site (also known as Best Management Practices (BMPs)); and ensure the practices are selected and described in accordance with good engineering practices, including the installation , implementation and maintenance requirements; 3. Be properly prepared and updated to ensure compliance with the terms and conditions of the Stormwater Construction Permit; 4. Work hand in hand with the Site Specific Records, as described in the following section ; and 5. Serve as an education tool and comprehensive reference/guide to stormwater management for inspectors, surveyors, engineers, and EnCana employees and contractors. EnCana construction activities fall under one of two types. Exploration and Production (E&P) sites involve the construction of well pads, roads , and other facilities. Midstream Services (also referred to as Gas Gathering) sites involve the construction of pipelines and compressor, treatment. and other facilities. This Master SWMP is intended to address stormwater management for any and all of these s ites within this Master SWMP's Permit Coverage Area. 1.1 Site Specific Records While Volume 1 of the Master SWMP contains all of the genera l permit area information, Volume 2 of the Master SWMP contains all of the Site Specific Records including all Individual Stormwater S ite Plans (Site Plans), as discussed in Section 2.8, and all Inspection and Maintenance Reports (discussed in Section 5.4). These Site Specific Records contain information specific to each site (each well pad , compressor station, section of road/pipeline, etc.), including information on areas of d isturbance , ecosystems and vegetation, soil types, percent pre-disturbance vegetation, etc. Any changes to the design of individual sites or the BMPs used at those sites will be noted on the Site Plans as those changes occur, and kept with the Site Specific Records. The Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP) are bound separately from the body of this Master SWMP; however, both are read ily available during any inspection. Both the body of th is SWMP (Volume 1) and the Site Specific Records (Volume 2) comprise the entire SWMP, and go hand in hand in keeping EnCana in compl iance with stormwater regulations. The Site Specific Records will be kept at the EnCana Field office in Parachute during active construction and site inspections to ensure accurate implementation, inspections, and maintenance of BMPs, as well as timely revisions to the Site Specific Records. 1-1 Revised February 2009 1.2 SWMP Administrator The SWMP Administrator is responsible for the process of developing , implementing , maintaining , and revising this SWMP as well as serving as the comprehensive point of contact for all aspects of the facil ity's SWMP. SWMP Administrators: • E&P S ites: Terry Gosney, Regional Environmental Coord inator 2717 County Road 215, Suite 100, Parachute, CO 81635 (970)285-2600 • Midstream Services: Brad Ankrum , Piceance Midstream Operations Manager 2717 County Road 215, Su ite 100, Parachute, CO 81635 (970)285-2600 1-2 Revised February 2009 2.0 Narrative Description of Master SWMP Permit Coverage Area Name of Permit Coverage Area: North Parachute Ranch Permit Number: COR-037689 Location of the Perm it Coverage Area: • County: Garfield County • City: Located in Colorado approximately 10 miles Westf North West of Parachute. (See Site Maps for distance to the waters of the state.) • Township/Section/Range: Township SS, Range 95W, Sections 5-36. Township 6S, Range 96W, Sections 1-28. • Latitude/Longitude: Latitude 39.5731 , Longitude 108.1093. Activities at the Permit Coverage Area will likely involve the construction of: • Well pads • Access roads • P ipelines • Compressor stations The above construction activities are only typical and may vary once construction begins. Up-to-date information on the construction of well pads , roads, pipelines, etc. will be kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). 2.1 Sequence of Major Activities Site specific, scheduling , surface use agreements, and/or other constraints can and/or may dictate changes in construction sequences. Significant sequence changes are addressed in the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). Specific details on the construction and maintenance of BMPs mentioned below are provided in the Stormwater Manual of Best Management Practices (BMP Manual) as discussed in Section 3.3. 2.1.1 Well Pads and Roads Construction activities for well pads and roads are generally completed in the following sequence: Preconstruction : 1. Surveys. Topographic, vegetation , wildlife and archeology , as dictated . 2 . Temporary BMP's. Where physical access is available , installation of terminal perimeter and temporary sediment controls, such as wattles, silt fence and/or other as necessary. Actual BMPs used for each site are shown on the Site Plans (discussed in Section 2 .8) and kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). Construction: 3. Vegetation Clearing. Vegetation will be cleared /grubbed and placed along the perimeter at the terminal discharge edges/points in a w indrow and /or dam beyond the edge of excavation and at any run-on-protection d ischarge points, and/or chipped or other depending on landowner requirements . 2-1 Revi se d Febfuary 2009 4 . Diversions and Retention Reservoirs. After vegetation clearing and prior to topsoil stockpiling, diversions are to be placed for run-on-protection (ROP) to prevent the greater landscape from discharging onto the planned disturbance. Temporary sediment control BMPs shall be placed at the discharge points of the ROP until permanent erosion controls can be installed along the entire length of the ROP . Diversions are to be installed along the terminal discharge edge inside of the vegetation windrows to convey site water/sediment to terminal discharge points where rough retention reservoirs are to be installed. The retention reservoir outlets are to receive temporary sediment control BMPs until permanent retention reservoirs and erosion , drainage, and sediment BMPs can be installed. 5. Topsoil Stripping/Conservation. All ACCESSIBLE TOPSOIL is to be removed from areas that are to be excavated, covered in subsoils, or turned into stabilized unpaved surfaces. If initial topsoil stockpile areas are insufficient to accommodate the quantities of topsoil being generated , the excess is to be placed at either end of the subsoil stockpile and segregated as much as possible. After major earthwork, grading , and erosion/drainage/sediment controls are complete , any areas that can be identified for immediate interim reclamation shall receive topsoil. 6 . General Rough Grading. The site location will be graded to provide suitable surfaces for vehicle traffic and/or building sites, and may be graded to establish surface drainage patterns, such as berms or roadside ditches as necessary. 7. Facility Specific Grading. Individual facilities may require additional excavation to allow for construction of foundations. Excess soil will typically be used in general site grading. 8. Foundation Construction. To support facilities (such as tanks, processing equipment, etc}, foundations will be constructed . Foundations may consist of select backfill , concrete spread footings, or piles. Finished support elevations are to be installed twelve to eighteen inches {12-18") above finished grade or the lowest point of the facility. 9. Facility Construction. Tanks, processing equipment, etc. will be constructed . Interim Reclamation: 10. Gravel Surfacing. Areas used for access, parking , or materials staging will typically be gravel surfaced. 11 . Reclamation of Unused Areas. Areas not needed for facilities , roads, parking , or materials staging will generally be reclaimed. Salvaged topsoil will be spread and the vegetative seed mix will be applied. 12. Application of Erosion Stabilization . Depending on terrain (e .g . steep slopes and drainage crossings) additional measures may be applied to increase stability of the reclaimed area. Final Reclamation: 13. Reclamation of Post-Operation Areas . When operation of well pad or road is no longer necessary, the area will be decommissioned and all newly disturbed areas will be reclaimed . Any remaining topsoil will be spread and the vegetative seed mix will be applied. This may occur after termination of this permit and under the coverage of a new construction permit. 2.1.2 Pipelines Construction activities for pipelines are generally completed in the following sequence: Preconstruction : 1. Surveys. Topographic , vegetation , wildlife and archeology , as dictated . 2 . Mark Right-Of-Way . The construction right-of-way {ROW) will be marked prior to construction w ith laths and/or flagging . 3. Temporary BMPs. EnCana's stormwater inspectors will determine locations to install preconstruction temporary erosion control devices , per site specific BMP installation plans and as necessary. 2-2 Revised February 2009 EnCana's contractor w ill maintain the erosion control structures as directed by the stormwater inspectors throughout all phases of construction, or until permanent erosion control measures are installed. Actual BMPs used for each site are shown on the Site Plans , which are kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). Construction: 4 . Vegetation Clearing . If necessary, vegetation will be cleared and placed i n a windrow at the edge of the work area to be used later in reclamation activities, removed from the construction site, or burned/chipped depending on landowner requirements. Deta il s for w in drows are provided within the Stockpil ing BMP of the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3 .3). 5 . Topsoil Stripping. All ACCESSIBLE TOPSOIL (from the entire width of the right-of-way) will be removed and temporarily stockpiled along the up-hill side of the right-of-way (if terrain grades will allow) for later use in reclamation activities. 6. General Grading. For pipeline segments that occur in relatively rough terrain , general grading will be conducted to create a safe and workable ground surface. This is generally done to form a relatively level work surface on steep cross slopes and to reduce slopes i n undulating terrain (arroyo and wash crossings). The site location will be graded to provide suitable surfaces for vehicle traffic and/or building sites, and may be graded to establish surface drainage patterns, such as berms or roadside ditches as necessary. 7. Trench Excavation. The trench needed for pipeline in stallation is almost always off-set in the ROW. The surveyors may indicate the location of the trench on their pipeline lateral. Generally, the trench will be located in the first third of the ROW. The remaining two thirds of the ROW will be used for working space. The trench depth and w idth will vary with the number of pipes to be installed and the pipe diameter. Generally, a 4 -foot deep trench will be excavated by track-mounted excavators. The ditch will be excavated and sloped in accordance with OSHA specifications. The cover from top of pipe to ground level will be a minimum of 36 inches. Where rock is encountered , tractor-mounted mechanical rippers or rock trenching equipment may be used to facilitate excavation. The trench will be excavated and subsoil material stockpiled within the confines of the approved right-of-way limits unless a temporary use area is approved from the proper agency. Trench spoil will be stored in a separate location from the previously segregated topsoil . 8. Pipe Installation. Pipe installation will include stringing , bending for horizontal or vertical angles in the alignment, welding the pipe segments together, coating the joint areas to prevent corrosion , and then lowering-in and padding. 9. Stringing. Pipe will be hauled by truck to the pipeline ROW. Each joint of pipe will be unloaded and placed parallel to the ditch. 10. Bending . After the joints of pipe are strung along the ditch, individual joints of pipe may need to be bent to accommodate horizontal and vertical changes in direction. Field bends w ill be made util iz ing a hydraulically operated bend in g machine. Where the deflection of a bend exceeds the allowable limits for a field-bent pipe , factory (induction) bends will be installed. 11. Welding. After th e pipe joints are bent, the pipe is lined up end-to-end and clamped into position . The pipe is then welded in conformance with 49 CFR Part 192, Subpart E. "Welding of Steel Pipelines" and API 1104, "Standard for Welding Pipelines and Related Facilities". 12. Welding Inspection. Welds will be visually inspected by a qualified inspector . Any defects will be repaired or cut out as required under the specified regulations and standards. 13. Coating. To prevent corrosion , the pipe will be externally coated with fusion bonded epoxy coating prior to delivery. After welding , field joints will be coated with fusion bond epoxy coating , tape and primer, or shrink sleeves. Before the pipe is lowered into the ditch , the p ipeline coating will be visually inspected and tested with an electronic detector, and any faults or scratches will be repaired . 14. Lowering-In and Padding. Once the pipe coating operation has been completed , a section of the pipe will be lowered into the ditch. Side-boom tractors may be used to simultaneously l ift the pipe, position it over the ditch, and lower it in place . Inspection will be conducted to verify: that minimum cover is provided; the trench bottom is free of rocks, debris, etc.; external pipe coating is not damaged; 2-3 Revised Feb<uary 2009 and the pipe is properly fitted and installed into the d itch. Specialized padding machines will be used to sift soil fines from the excavated subsoil to provide rock-free pipeline padding and bedding. In rocky areas, padding material or a rock shield will be used to protect the p ipe. Topsoil will not be used to pad the pipe . At the completion of lowering-in and padding activities the contractor may install trench breakers around the pipelines to minimize subsurface water flow . Details for trench b reakers are provided within the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3). 15. Backfilling. Backfilli ng will beg in after a section of the pipe has been successfully placed in the ditch and final inspection has been completed . Backfilling will be conducted using a bulldozer, rotary auger backfill, padding machine or other suitable equipment. Backfilling the trench will use the subsoil previously excavated from the trench. Backfill will be graded and compacted , where necessary for ground stability , by being tamped or walked in with a wheeled or track vehicle. Compaction will be performed to the extent that there are no voids in the trench. Any excavated materials or materials unfit for backfill will be utilized or properly disposed of in conformance with applicable laws or regu lations. 16. General Grading. If general grading was conducted to facilitate pipeline construction, these materials will be replaced and graded to recreate the preconstruction topography . Final Reclamation: 17. Cleanup. Cleanup activities will be ini tiated as soon as practicable after backfilling activities have been completed . All construction-related debris will be removed and disposed of at an approved d isposal facility. 18. Subsoil and Topsoil Placement. Subsoil will be evenly re-contoured across the right-of-way to pre-construction conditions. After the subsoil has been re-spread the contractor will spread the previously segregated topsoil back across the right-of-way. The topsoil will be evenly spread to origina l contours . 19. Vegetation . After any remaining topsoil is spread, the vegetative seed mix will be applied . The area will be revegetated according to private landowner Surface Use Agreements and/or according to the SLM/Forest Service reclamation requirements. Details for revegetation are provided within the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3) and the Revegetation Manual (provided as Appendix 8 ). 20. Application of Erosion Stabilization. Depending on terrain (e.g. steep slopes and drainage crossings) additional measures may be applied to increase stability of the reclaimed area . Possible erosion stabilization methods are provided within the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3). Actual locations and measures used are shown on the Site Plans, which are kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). 2.1 .3 Compressor Stations, Treatment Facilities, or Other Facilities. Construction activities for compressor stations , treatment facilities , and other faci lities are generally completed in the following sequence: Preconstruction: 1. Surveys. Topographic, vegetation, wildlife and archeology , as dictated. 2. Temporary BMP's. Where physical access is available, installation of terminal perimeter and temporary sediment controls, such as wattles, silt fence and/or other as necessary. Actual BMPs used for each site are shown on the Site Plans , which are kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). Construction: 3. Vegetation Clearing. Vegetation will be cleared/grubbed and placed along the perimeter at the terminal d ischarge edges/points in a windrow and/or dam beyond the edge of excavation and at any run-on-protection discharge points, and/or chipped or other depending on landowner requirements. 4 . Diversions and Retention Reservoirs. After vegetation clearing and prior to topsoil stockpiling, 2"4 Revised February 2009 diversion are to be placed for ROP to prevent the greater landscape from discharging onto the planned disturbance. Temporary sediment control BMP's shall be placed at the discharge points of the ROP until permanent erosion controls can be installed along the entire length of the ROP . Diversions are to be installed along the terminal discharge edge ins ide of the vegetation windrows to convey site water/sediment to terminal discharge points where rough retention reservoirs are to be installed. The retention reservoi r outlets are to receive temporary sediment control BM P's until permanent retention reservoirs and erosion, drainage, and sediment BMP's can be i nstalled. 5. Topsoil Stripping/Conservation. All ACCESSIBLE TOPSOI L is to be removed from areas that are to be excavated , covered in subsoils, or turned into stabilized unpaved surfaces. If initial topsoil stockpile areas are insufficient to accommodate the quantities of topsoil being generated, the excess is to be placed at either end of the subsoil stockpile and segregated as much as possible . After major earthwork, grading, and erosion/drainage/sediment controls are complete, any areas that can be identified for immediate interim recla mation s hall receive topsoil. 6. General Rough Grading. The site location will be graded to provide suitable surfaces for building sites and vehicle traffic, and may be graded to establish surface drainage patterns, such as berms or roadside ditches as necessary. 7. Excavation. Soil will be excavated to allow for the construction of foundations. Trenches will be excavated for all underground piping and conduit. Excess soil will typically be used in general site grading. 8. Foundation Construction. Foundations will be constructed to support facility buildings. Foundations may consist of se lect backfill, concrete spread footings, piles, etc . Finished support elevations are to be installed according to engineered drawings or twelve to eighteen inches (12-18") above finished grade or the lowest point of the facility. 9. Facility Construction. Buildings, tanks, processing equipment, etc. will be constructed . Utilities will be installed. Interim Reclamation : 10. Landscaping. If necessary, certain areas will be spread with topsoi l and landscaped. 11 . Gravel Surfacing. Areas used for access, parking , or materials staging will typically be gravel surfaced. 12. Reclamation of Unused Areas. Areas not needed for facilities, roads, parking , or materials staging will generally be reclaimed. Salvaged topsoil will be spread and the vegetative seed mix will be applied. 13. Application of Erosion Stabilization. Depending on terrain (e.g . steep slopes and drainage crossings) additional measures may be applied to increase stability of the reclaimed area. Possible erosion stabilization methods are provided within the BMP Manual {discussed in Section 3.3). Actual locations and measures used are shown on the Site Plans, which are kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). Final Reclamation: 14. Reclamation of Closed Facilities. When facilities are no longer necessary, the buildings may be demolished, according to approved procedures. All construction materials will be removed and the newly disturbed areas will be reclaimed . Any remaining topsoil will be spread and the vegetative seed mix will be applied. This may occur after termination of this perm it and under the coverage of a new construction permit. 2.1.4 Man Camps and Helicopter Pads Construction activities for man camps , helicopter pads , and other small areas are generally completed in the following sequence: Preconstruction: 2-5 Revised February 2009 1. Surveys. Topographic, vegetation , wildlife and archeology, as dictated. 2. Temporary BMPs. Where physical access is available, installation of terminal perimeter and temporary sediment controls, such as wattles, silt fence and/or other as necessary. Actual BMPs used for each site are shown on the Site Plans, which are kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). Construction: 3. Vegetation clearing . Vegetation will be cleared/grubbed and placed a long the perimeter at the terminal discharge edges/points in a windrow and/or dam beyond the edge of excavation and at any run-on-protection discharge po ints, and/or chipped or other depend ing on landowner requirements. 4. Diversions and Retention Reservoirs. After vegetation clearing and prior to topsoil stockpiling , diversions may be placed for ROP to prevent the greater landscape from discharging onto the planned disturbance . Temporary sediment control BMPs shall be placed at the discharge points of the ROP until permanent erosion controls can be installed along the entire length of the ROP. Diversions may be installed along the terminal discharge edge i nside of the vegetation windrows to convey site water/sediment to terminal discharge points where rough retention reservoirs are to be installed. The retention reservoir outlets may receive temporary sediment control BMPs until permanent retention reservoirs and erosion, drainage, and sediment BMPs can be installed . 5. Topsoil Stripping/Conservation. All ACCESSIBLE TOPSOIL is to be removed from areas that are to be excavated, covered in subsoils , or turned into stabilized unpaved surfaces. If initial topsoil stockpile areas are insufficient to accommodate the quantities of topsoil being generated , the excess is to be placed at either end of the subsoil stockpile and segregated as much as possible. After major earthwork, grading , and erosion/drainage/sediment controls are complete, any areas that can be identified for immediate interim reclamation shall receive topsoil. 6. General Rough Grading. The site location will be graded to provide suitable surfaces for vehicle traffic, trailers, etc. and may be graded to establish surface drainage patterns, such as berms or roadside ditches as necessary. 7. Facility Construction. Trailers , buildings, or other structures will be installed or constructed. Interim Reclamation: 8. Gravel Surfacing. Areas used for access, parking, or materials staging will typically be gravel surfaced. 9. Reclamation of Unused Areas . Areas not needed for facilities , roads, parking, or materials staging will generally be reclaimed. Salvaged topsoil will be spread and the vegetative seed mix will be applied. 10. Application of Erosion Stabilization. Depending on terrain (e .g . steep slopes and drainage crossings) additional measures may be applied to increase stability of the reclaimed area . Possible erosion stabilization methods are provided within the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3). Actual locations and measures used are shown on the Site Plans, which are kept with t he Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). Final Reclamation: 11. Reclamation of Post-Operation Areas. When operation of man camp or helicopter pad is no longer necessary , the area may be decommissioned and all newly disturbed areas will be reclaimed . Any rema ining topsoil will be spread and the vegetative seed mix will be applied . This may occur after termination of this permit and under the coverage of a new construction permit. 2.2 Area Estimates The total Permit Coverage Area is estimated to be approximately 27 ,000 Acres. The area th at will undergo clearing, excavation, and/or grading is estimated to be approximately 400 acres. Because the area will vary 2-6 Revised February 2009 over time, these are only approximate estimates. This information is used to help determine the extent of control measures (BMPs) needed. 2.3 Description of Existing Topography and Soils The Perm it Coverage Area consists of three climatic zones and are referred to as the Upper, Middle and Lower Zones. The Upper Zone exists at elevations between 7 ,500 to 8 ,500 feet ASL; excluding southern faci ng slopes greater than 20%. Annual precipitation within this zone ranges from 16 to 25 inches annually. The soils within the Upper Zone are primarily loam textured soils w i th in the Parachute-Rhone-lrigul seri es . These soi ls are mostly well drained, cool soils with dark-colored organic-rich surface layers derived from shale and sandstone. Soil textures above the rim are generally loam w ith loam to clay loam sub-soils and range in depth from <20" on ridges to >60tt in swales. All of the upland soils above the rim are in low to medium erosion classes. The Middle Zone exists at elevations between 7 ,500 to 6 ,000 feet ASL; including southern facing slopes greater than 20%. Annual precipitation within this zone ranges from 13 to 14 inches annually. The area below the ri m encompassing the cliffs, talus and steep colluvial slope at the base of the cl iffs are derived from the Green River shale. Below the cliffs and talus is a zone of soils formed from colluvium and Wasatch Formations. Soils are shallow, poorly developed and there are many rock outcrops and badlands. Badlands are steep, nearly barren areas dissected by many ephemeral drainages. Soils on the upper slopes of this zone have a thin, organic-rich surface layer and little development of soil horizons. Soils on lower slopes are shallow to moderately deep and are well-drained . Surface texture is loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam with variable amounts of gravel, cobbles and boulders, talus slopes and colluvial slopes below rock outcrops. Soi ls are moderate to highly alkali ne. Sub-soils usually have higher clay content and are calcareous. Erosion hazard is usually severe. The Lower Zone exists at elevations below 6,000 feet ASL and consists of lower terraces and floodpla ins along the valley bottoms of major drainages. Annual precipitation within this zone ranges from 10 to 13 inches annually. Soi ls in the Lower Zone are calcareous, moderate to strongly alkaline , some h ighly saline, loams and silty clay loams on benches, terraces and alluvial fans. Floodplai n soils are sandy loam or loam stratified w ith sand , gravel or cobbles derived from shale or sandstone. Soils formed in the alluvium are derived from sandstones, shale's and marls and appear on benches, terraces, alluvial fans and floodpla ins in the Lower Zone. Surface texture ranges from loam and sandy loam to clay loam with sub-soils of sandy loam to clay. A map and table summarizing the existing soils within the Permit Coverage Area (including permeability, available water capacity, surface runoff, and erosion hazard of those soils) are provided in Appendix C . 2.4 Description of Existing Vegetation The existing percent ve getative ground cover for each well pad , section of roadway/pipeline, etc. w ithin the Perm it Coverage Area is estimated on each inspection and maintenance report form (discussed in Section 5.4), which are kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). A map indicating the existing ecosystem types within the Permit Coverage Area is provided in Appendix C. A description of the existi ng vegetation within each ecosystem (Mutel, 1992) is as follows : Mountain Grasslands and Meadows. Natural wet meadows and fens are dominated by moisture- loving species, primarily members of the sedge and rush families. Spike-rush (Eleocharis palustris), sedges, Canadian reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis), and tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia c espitosa) are common. Natural dry meadows are fi lled w ith members of the grass family. Bunchgrasses dominate at low elevations. Needle-and-thread, mountain muhly (Muhlenbergia montana), Junegrass, blue grama, and species of wheatgrass and bl uegrass are common. Successional meadows contain a combination of weedy, i ntroduced plants and plants typical of dry , rocky slopes, such as common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), golden banner (Thermopsis divaricarpa), Colorado locoweed (Oxytropic sericea), mountain pussytoes (Antennaria parvifolia), 2-7 Revised February 2009 showy daisies (Erigeron speciosus), stonecrop (Sedum lanceolatum), and some sedges (Carex ssp.). Mountain grasslands, where Thurber fescue (Festuca thurberi) and mountain muhly were once the dominant grasses, are now large ly dominated by b lue grama, Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa), foxtail barley (Critesion jubatum). and other species as a result of grazing. Riparian Ecosystems a. Lowland Riparian Ecosystems. The lowland riparian ecosystem is dom inated by the plains cottonwood (Popu/us deltoidea ssp. occidentalis), the valley cottonwood (Populus deltoidea ssp. wislizenii) and the peach-leaved willow (Salix amygdaloides). Common shrubs and herbaceous plants include snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis}, sandbar willow (Salix exigua), bulrush (Schoenoplectus lacustris), broad -l eaved cat-tail (Typha latifofia), prairie cord-grass (Spartina pectinata), and western wheatgrass . b. Mountain Riparian Ecosystems. The mountain riparian ecosystem is dominated by quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), lanceleaf cottonwood (Populus X acuminata), narrowleaf cottonwood (Popu/us angustifo/ia}, and Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens). Common shrubs include a lder (Alnus incana), river birch (Be tula fontinafis), chokecherry (Padus virginiana}, common gooseberry (Ribes inerme), bush honeysuckle (Distegia invo/ucrata), and mountain maple (Acer glabrum). The lush riparia n herbaceous understory includes forbs, grasses, sedges, rushes, climbing vines , mosses, lichens, and liverworts. Weedy invaders are also common. Shrublands. Shrub communities include semidesert shrublands found in dry lowlands , sagebrush shrublands that occupy a wide range of elevation from the Colorado Plateau to h igh mountain valleys, and montane shrublands other than sagebrush , characteristic of foothills and mountain reg ions. a . Semidesert Shrublands. Common shrubs include Great Basin big sagebrush ( Seriphidium tridentatum), greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus), rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus). four-winged saltbush (Atrip/ex canescens), and shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia). Common grasses and forbs include galletagrass (Hilaria jamesi1), blue grama, alkali sacaton ( Sporobolus airoides), nodding eriogonum (Eriogonum cernuum ), copper mallow ( Sphaeralcea coccinea), and prince's plume (Stanleya pinnata). b. Sagebrush Shrublands. Common shrubs include Great Basin big sagebrush , mountain big sagebrush (Seriphidium vaseyanum), rabbitbrush , and serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifo/ia). Common grasses and forbs include nodding eriogonum , copper mallow, and Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja spp.). c . Montane Shrublands . Common shrubs include mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus), Gamble oak (Quercus gambefi1), rabbitbrush , serviceberry, and skunkbrush (Rhus aromatica). Common grasses and forbs include needle-and-thread , western wheatgrass, copper mallow, and I nd ian Paintbrush. Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands. Pinyon -jun iper woodlands consist of scattered Utah j uniper interspersed w ith big sagebrush. Pinyan pine is a minor component. Several other shrub species also occur in th is community, including snowberry, bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae), and serviceberry. In general, the sparse herbaceous la yer consists of graminoids such as cheatgrass (Anisantha tectorum), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), western wheatgrass, Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides}, and squirreltail (E/ymus elymoides). Fo rbs include T racy's thistle (Cirsium tracyi}, mariposa lily (Calochorlus nuttallii}, western wallflower (Erysimum capitatum}, tapertip onion (Allium acuminatum}, yarrow (Achi/fea lanulosa), stemless four-nerve daisy (Tetraneuris acaulis), and sharpleaf twinpod (Physaria acutifolia). All of these are native species , except for cheatgrass (an invasive, non-native annual species) and Kentucky bluegrass (a widely natura lized non-native pere nnial species). 2-8 Revised February 2009 Montane Forests a . Ponderos a Pine Forests . These forests are dominated by the ponderosa pine (P inus ponderosa) and the Rocky Mountain juniper (Savina scopulorum). Common shrubs and herbaceous plants include the wax currant (Ribes cereum), blue grama, side-oats grama, Junegrass, needle-and-thread , spike fescue (Leucopoa k ingil), and sul phur flower (Eriogonum umbellatum). b. Douglas Fir Forests . These forests are dominated by the Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesil). Common shrubs and herbaceous p lants include common juniper (Juniperus communis), kinnikinnik (Arctostaphylos), mountain maple (Acer glabrum), mountai n lover (Paxistima myrsinites), heart-leaved arnica (Amica cordifo/ia}, and false Solomon's seal (Maianthemum spp.) c . Aspen forests . Quaking aspen generally occur on north-facing slopes, and along drainage swales. The aspen forest generally has an understory of Wood's rose (Rosa woodsil), Colorado blue columbine (Aquilegia caerulea), showy daisy, Thurber fescue, white geran ium (Geranium richardsonil), common lupine (Lupinus argenteus), Fendler meadowrue (Thalictrum fend/en), and American vetch ( Vicia americana). d . Lodge pole Pine Forests . These forests are dominated by the lodg epile pine (Pinus contorta). Common shrubs and herbaceous plants include broom huckleberry (Vaccinium scoparium}, common juniper, kinni kinnik, sticky-laurel (Ceanothus velutinus), and heart-leaved arnica. Urban Areas . Urban areas contain an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. Depending on the area, vegetation may account for anywhere between 20 and 70 percent of the total land cover, with the remain ing portion being constructed materials. Types of vegetation within urban areas may be any combination of the above ecosystems, and may include areas of blue grass yards and parks. Cropland . Cropland vegetation may consist of wheat, corn, soybeans, or a variety of many other crops. Cropland may either lie fa llow (bare of any crops) or contain crops at any stage of growth from seedli ngs to mature plants. 2.5 Identification of Potential Pollution Sources Potential sources of pollution are associated with all phases of the project from the start of construction though interim reclamation and up until final stabilization has occurred . Final stabilization occurs when construction activiti es have been completed and all disturbed areas have been either bu ilt on, paved , or a uniform vegetative cover has been established with a density of at least 70 percent of pre-disturbance levels , or equivalent permanent, physical erosion reduction m ethods have been employed . The most common source of pollution during construction is sediment resulting from the erosion of recently cleared and/or graded areas, such as cuVfill slopes and soil stockpiles. However, there may be many potential pollu ti on sources at any given site . The following types of conditions that might affect the potential for a pollutant source to contribute pollutants to stormwater (CD PHE, 20076) shall be evaluated: • The frequency of the activ ity (i.e., does it occur every day or j ust once a month? can it be scheduled to occur only during dry weather?); • Characteristics of the area where the activity takes p lace (i.e., surface type (pavement, gravel, vegetation , etc.), physical characteristics (site gradients, slope lengths, etc.)); • Ability of primary and secondary containment (fuel tanks , drum sto rag e, etc.) at product storage and load ing/unloading faciliti es to prevent and contain spills and leaks; • Proximity of product storage and loading/unloading facilities to waterways or drainage facilities; • Concentration and toxicity of materials which may to be found in the site's stormwater ru noff; a n d • Contamination of storage facilities/conta inment with stored materials (i .e ., used oi l drums or tanks coated with spilled oil). 2-9 Revised February 2009 The following items are potential sources of pollutants at the North Parachute Ranch . Each of the potential sources of pollutants wi ll be controlled using one or more of the following types of BMPs: Erosion Controls, Drainage Controls, Sediment Controls or Non-Stormwater Controls. Descriptions and details for each of these types of BMPs are provided in the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3). Actual BMPs used at each site are shown on the Site P lans (discussed in Section 5.4). Construction: • All Disturbed and Stored Soils: Erosion Controls , Drainage Controls, Sediment Controls. • Vehicle T racking of Sed iments: Sediment Controls , Non-Stormwater Controls. • Management of Contaminated Soils: Non-Stormwate r Controls. • Loading and Unloading Operations: Non-Stormwater Controls. • Outdoor Storage Activities (Building Materials, Fertilizers, Chemicals, etc.): Non-Stormwater Controls. • Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance and Fueling: Non-Stormwater Controls. • Significant Dust or Particulate Generating Processes: Non-Stormwater Controls. • Routine Maintenance Activities Involving Fertilizers, Pesticides , Detergents, Fuels , Solvents , Oils, etc .: Non-Stormwater Controls. • On -S ite Waste Management Practices (Waste Piles, Liqu id Wastes, Dumpsters , etc.): Non-Stormwater Controls . • Concrete Truck/Equipment Washing, Including the Concrete Truck Chute and Associated Fixtures and Equi pment: Non-Stormwater Controls. • Dedicated Asphalt and Concrete Batch Plants: There will be no asphalt or concrete batch plants located within the Permit Coverage Area of this SWMP. • Non -Industrial Waste Sources Such as Worker Tra sh and Portable Toilets: Non -Stormwater Controls. Interim/Final Reclamation: • All D isturbed and Stored Soils: Erosion Controls , Dra inage Controls, Sediment Controls. • Vehicle Tracking of Sediments: Sediment Controls , Non-Stormwater Controls. • Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance and Fueling: Non -Stormwater Controls. • Significant Dust or Particulate Generating Processes: Non-Stormwater Controls. • Non -Industria l Waste Sources such as Worker Trash and Portable Toilets: Non-Stormwater Controls. 2.6 Allowable Sources of Non-Stormwater Discharge Allowable sources of non-stormwater discharge within the Permit Coverage Area include the following: • Uncontaminated Springs . Although there are several springs with in the Permit Coverage Area , None of these spri ngs are currently located in areas where soil disturbance will occur. If this changes in the future , the controls used at any such locat ion will be noted in th e Site Specific Records . (Volume 2} • Landscape Irrigation Return Flow. There are several locations in the Lower Zone where pipelines are within irrigated fields. T hese locations will be treated s imi larly to any water crossing with the use of an appropriate control which will be noted in the Site Specific Records. • Construction Dewatering. Construction dewatering is described and discussed in Section 3.2.5. • Concrete Washout. Concrete washout is described and discussed in Section 3.2.4. 2-10 Revi sed February 2009 • Emergency Fire Fighting Water. Water used to put out any type of fire is considered an allowable source of non-stormwater discharge. No other non-stormwater discharges are allowed under the Storm water Construction Perm it. Other types of non-stormwater discharges must be addressed in a separate permit issued for that d isch arge. 2.7 Receiving Water Runoff from disturbed areas during construction will be controlled and/or routed through the use of one or more BMPs. as described later in this plan , prior to being discharged to receiving waters. However, it may be expected that runoff from certain areas will infiltrate into the earth and is not expected to contribute to receiving waters. In general, runoff from the Permit Coverage Area comes from springs and tributaries that lead to three d ifferent forks. West Fork will flow east to south east; Middle Fork will flow south to south east and East Fork will flow west to south west. All tributaries will flow to Parachute Creek and then in to the Colorado River. 2.8 Master SWMP Permit Area Map and Individual Stormwater Site Plans An overall Master SWMP Permit Area Map is prov ided as Appendix D . This map is likely to change constantly and will be updated at least annually. The Master SWMP Permit Area Map includes: • Contours and elevations (topog raphy) with existing drainage patterns; • Locations and names of major surface waters such as streams, wetlands, irrigation ditches, canals, etc ... ; • Master SWMP permit area boundaries ; and • Construction area locations including roads, pipelines, well pads, compressor station facilities , treatment facilities. water parks , and all other facilities. Individual Stormwater Site Plans (Si te Plans) of each site (well pad , access road , section of pipeline, etc.) are provided with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP) Separate Site Plans will be developed for each phase of construction : preconstruction, construction, in terim reclamation (if applicable), final stabilization (if applicable) and final reclamation (if appli cable). These Site Plans include: • Construction site boundaries (this is the area expected to be disturbed by clearing, excavating , grading, or other construction activities); • Contours and elevations (topography) with existing and proposed drainage patterns ; • Limits of well pads and locations of reserve pits and well heads (if applicable); • All areas of ground surface disturbance, including areas of cut and fill ; • Locations of all potential pollutant sources listed in Section 2.5 (including areas used for vehicle fueling. the storage of materials, equipment, soi l, or waste, etc ... ); • Locations of all minor surface waters and a ll anticipated allowable sources of non-stormwater discharge (including springs, dewatering, concrete washout, etc ... ): • Locations of all existing and planned BMPs (includ ing erosion , drainage , and sediment controls); • Locations , names, and distances to streams, wetlands , irrig ation ditches. canals, and other surface waters ; and • The size. type and location of any outfall(s). If the stormwater discharge is to a municipal separate stormwater system, name that system , the location of the storm sewer discharge, and the ultimate recei ving water(s). 2-11 Revised February 2009 Figures showing typical BMP locations along roadways and pipelines are provided as part of the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3). 2-12 Revised February 2009 3.0 Best Management Practices (BMPs) A key component of th is Master SWMP is employing BMPs to improve stormwater quality. Local factors w ill be evaluated to determine what BMPs are suitable and practica l at different locations. BMPs will be employed in different combinations during construction activities and phases as conditions warrant. Due to the fact that this Master SWMP is l ikely to cover more than one ecosystem (as described in Section 2.4), the selection of BMPs (including type, quantity, sequence/combination, etc.) will vary at each s ite w ith in the Master SWMP Perm it Area. Specific BMPs to be employed at each well pad , road , pipeli ne, or other faci lity are identified on the Site P lans, wh ich are kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). 3.1 Erosion, Drainage, and Sediment Control BMPs T he primary method for controlling eros ion , drainage, and sediment transport consists of min imizing ini tial disturbance of the soil and ground cover. However, many other methods can also be used. All stormwater- related BMPs will fall under at least one of the following three types of controls: • Erosion Control . Any sou rce control practice that protects the soil surface and/o r strengthens the subsurface in order to prevent soil particles from being detached by ra i n o r w ind , thus controll ing raindrop, s heet, and/or rill erosion. • Runoff Control. Any practice that reduces or elimi nates gully , channel , and stream erosion by minimizing , diverting , or conveying runoff. • Sediment Control. Any practice that traps the soil particles after they have been detached and moved by w ind or water. Sedi ment control measures are usually passive systems that rely on fi ltering or settling the particles out of the water or wind that is t ra nsporting them prior to leaving the site boundary. BMPs may also be classified as either structural o r non-structural controls: • Structural Control. Handles sediment-laden stormwater prior to it leaving each s ite. Structural BMPs are used to delay, capture, store, treat, or infiltrate stormwater runoff. Some examples of structural BMPs include sediment traps, diversions, a nd si lt fences . Most Runoff Controls and Sediment Controls can also be classified as Structura l Controls. • Non-structural Control. Reduces the generation and accumulation of pollutants, including sed iment, from a construction site by stabilizing disturbed areas and preventing the occu rrence of erosion. Some examples of non-structu ral BMPs include revegetation, mulch ing , and surface roughen i ng . These types of stabi lizatio n techniques are not on ly the most effective method for reducing soil loss, but they are a lso normally the most cost effective due to low in itia l cost and reduced maintenance req u irements . Most, but not all , Erosion Controls can also be c lassified as Non-structural Controls. T he Site P lans, as mentioned previously and kept w ith the S ite Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP), show the prop osed locations of all erosion, drainage, and sediment control BMPs (both structural and non-structural). Deta i led descri ptions, design cri teria, construction specifi cat ions , and m aintenance information for all BMPs are provided in the BMP Manual (d iscussed in Section 3.3). 3.2 Non-Stormwater Control BMPs Non-stormwater controls include general site and material s management measures that indirectly aid in the m inimization of water pollution. Types of pollution sources include, but are not limited to, litter, oil and grease, hazardous materia l spills, and sediment. 3 -1 Revised February 2009 3.2.1 Materials Delivery and Storage The good housekeeping practices listed below will be followed on site during construction and operation : • An effort will be made to store only enough product requ ired for task completion. • All materials stored on site will be stored in a neat and orderly manner in appropriate containers and , where possible , under a roof or other enclosure, and/or within secondary containment areas to avoid contact with stormwater. • Products will be kept in their orig inal containers with the original manufacturer's label. • Substances will not be mixed w ith one another unless recommended by the manufacturer. • Whenever possible, all of the product will be used before disposing of the container. • Manufacturer's recommendations for proper use and d isposa l will be followed. Additional information on material delivery and storage is available in the BMP Manual {discussed in Section 3.3}. 3.2.2 Material Handling and Spill Prevention In addition to the material storage practices (listed in the previous section) that will be used to reduce the risk of spills or other accidental exposure of materials and substance, the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3) will provide more detailed information on spill prevention and control. Furthermore, the Spill Prevention , Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan will be followed for the control of hydrocarbons. In general, spill prevention and response procedures will include notification (CDPHE 24-hour spill reporting line-877-518- 5608}, clean-up with the use of spill kits and absorbents, and ensuring that materials and wash water can not discharge from the site, and never into a storm drain system or stream. 3.2.3 Vehicle Cleaning, Fueling , Maintenance, and Tracking Controls As required by EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc. master service agreement(s) and drilling contract(s), contracting companies and/or vendors are required to service all vehicles and equipment prior to entering EnCana facilities. However, in the event maintenance procedures are required at EnCana facilities , all fluids transferred must utilize secondary containment and drip pans to minimize a release of materials and properly dispose or recyc le spent materials in compliance with local , state, and federal guidelines. While on site, equipment will be parked , serviced , and fueled within designated areas. Equipment fueling on pi peline rights-of-way will be completed where necessary during active construction. Periodic inspections of equ i pment and control procedures will be i mplemented. Selected equ i pment may be fueled in place using fuel trucks. When necessary, equipment and machinery will be decontaminated at an on-site decontamination area prior to removal from the construction area. Areas will be provided with adequate waste d isposa l receptacles for liquid as well as solid waste. Vehicle tracking of sediments is not expected to be a problem due to construction schedu ling. Construction vehicles will remain on site throughout earth-moving activities. All other vehicles remain in stabilized areas and do not enter the construction area until that area is stabilized. However, appl icable BMPs (such as scheduling (to minimize site access), stabilized construction entrances, veh icle cleaning , etc.) will be utilized if sediment tracking does become a problem. In addition to the typical practices listed above, the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3 .3) provides more detailed i nformation on vehicle cleaning, fueling , maintenance. and tracking controls . 3.2.4 Waste Management and Disposal As required by EnCana O i l & Gas (USA}, Inc. master service agreement(s) and drilling contract(s), contracting companies and/or vendors are requ ired to manage all waste generated by thei r activities at EnCana facilities in 3-2 Revised February 2009 compliance with local , state, and federal guidelines. EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) utilizes a periodic inspection program to ensure waste management requirements are fulfilled and inspections are documented. A few of the waste management procedures that will be followed i nclude the following: • P roper b in s w ill be provided for trash collection and disposal in compli ance w ith local, state, and federa l gu idelines. • Contaminated soils w ill be placed into a lined and bermed area. Samples of the impacted soil will be collected and a complete characterization analysis will be performed. When applicable, the i mpacted soil w ill be sent to a licensed disposal facility . • The contractor will provide portable toilets. Sanitary waste will be regularl y collected by a licensed san itary waste management contractor and disposed of i n an approved manner. • In the event that sed iment is inadvertently transported off the construction s ite, it will be collected and returned to the s ite and p laced on the soil stockpile or spread over the construction pad area and compacted . On well pads and access roads concrete washout is used as an interior conductor p ipe ballast. Concrete washout water can NOT be discharged to surface waters or to storm sewer systems without separate permit coverage. However, discharge to the ground of concrete washout water from washing of tools and concrete m ixer chutes may be authorized by th is permit, provided that (CDPHE, 2007a): 1. T he source is identified in the SWMP; 2. BMPs are included i n the SWMP to prevent poll ution of groundwater; and 3. These discharges do not leave the site as surface runoff or to surface waters . Locations where concrete washout activities take p lace are shown on th e Site Plans. Additional waste management procedures, including so li d waste, hazardous waste, contaminated soil , concrete washout, and septic and sanitary waste , are included in the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3). 3.2.5 Dewatering Dewatering refers to the mechanical remova l o f water from an excavation or other structure. Both grou ndwater and stormwater may requ ire dewatering during construction . Dewatering of p ip elines at the completion of hydrostatic testing w ill be required for most pipeline installations. 3.2.5.1 Groundwater Dewatering Groundwater is very rarely encountered duri ng the construction activities associated with either E&P sites or M idstream Services. If groundwater is encountered, it is typica ll y during construction of a pipeline across a stream crossing. T hese pipelines are either bored unde r the stream or a flume is uti lized. Non-stormwater construction dewatering of groundwater can NOT be discharged to surface waters or to storm sewer systems without separate permit coverage. However, d ischarges to the ground o f water from construction dewatering activities may be authorized by th is perm it, provided that (CDP H E, 2007a): 1. The source is groundwater and/or groundwater combined wi th stormwater that does not contain pollutants in concentrations exceeding the State g rou ndwater standards in Regu lations 5 CCR 1002- 41and42; 2. The source is identified in the SWMP; 3-3 Revised February 2009 3. BMPs are included in the SWMP; and 4. These discharges do not leave the site as surface runoff or to surface waters. Dewatered groundwater shall be pumped or diverted to a sediment control BMP prior to discharge to the ground. Locations of groundwater dewatering, as well as any BMPs utilized , will be noted on the Site Plans as soon as such dewatering occurs. Additional information on groundwater dewatering is provided in the BMP Manual, discussed in Section 3 .3 . 3.2.5.2 Stormwater Dewatering The discharge of pumped stormwater (not including groundwater or other non-stormwater sources) from excavations , ponds, depressions, etc., to surface water, or to a municipal separate storm-sewer system is allowed by the Stormwater Construction Permit, as long as the dewatering activity and associated BMPs are identified in the SWMP (including location of the activity), and BMPs are implemented in accordance with the BMP Manual, discussed in Section 3.3 (CDPHE, 2007c). Stormwater that collects in open depressions or trenches during construction activities will be dewatered into an existing sediment control, such as a detention pond, a sediment trap, or simply into a well-vegetated area to percolate into the ground and catch suspended sediment. The quality, source, and location of dewatering, as well as any BMPs utilized , will be noted on the Site Plans as soon as such dewatering occurs. Additional information on stormwater dewatering is provided in the BMP Manual, discussed in Section 3 .3 . 3.2.5.3 Pipeline Dewatering New Department of T ransportation (DOT) pipelines are hydrostatically tested with water upon completion of construction. Once the hydrostatic testing has been completed, dewatering of the pipeline must occur. This will involve the insertion of a displacer, commonly referred to as a pig, in the p ipeline. The discharge rate will be regulated , and energy dissipation devices, and/or sediment controls will be used, as necessary, to prevent erosion , streambed scour, suspension of sediments, or excessive stream flow. Locations on pipeline dewatering , as well as any BMPs utilized , will be noted on the Site Plans as soon as such dewatering occurs. Additional information on stormwater dewatering is provided in the BMP Manual, discussed in Section 3 .3 . 3.3 Stormwater Manual of BMPs A Stormwater Manual of Best Management Practices (BMP Manual) is provided as Appendix E. The BMP Manual has been prepared to provide EnCana personnel, contractors, and subcontractors with information on the proper selection , design , installation , and maintenance of BMPs to manage oil and gas related stormwater and to meet federal and state SWMP implementation requirements. The main objectives of the BMP manual are to: • Serve as an easy-to-use guide for selecting, designing, installing, and maintaining BMPs. • Function as a reference for construction plans and specifications. • Ultimately lead to the avoidance of any net increase in off-site erosion and sedimentation of waters of the U .S. The BMPs within this BMP Manual are organized into four main types of controls for easy reference: Erosion Controls, Runoff Controls , Sediment Controls, and Non-stormwater Controls. Each of these types of controls has been discussed earlier in this section of the SWMP. 3.4 Phased BMP Implementation Various BMPs will be implemented and maintained during different phases of the project. A description of each phase is as follows: 3-4 Revised February 2009 • Preconstruction. The preconstruction phase involves the installation of BMPs (temporary and/or permanent) around each site perimeter and at discharge points (such as vegetation buffers (no installation required for th i s BMP), slash , wattles, diversions, sediment basins and reservoirs , etc ... ). • Construction. The construction phase involves the stripping and stockpiling of topsoil , the excavation and backfill for access roads, pipelines, and well pads, and the installation of additional BMPs (preferably permanent BMPs) to control erosion and sedimentation (such as tracking topsoil piles and the installation of roadside channels, culverts , diversions, etc ... ). • Interim Reclamation . The interim reclamation phase prima rily involves seeding of all disturbed areas not needed during operation of the well pads. However, this phase also involves the installation of any additional permanent BMPs that may be needed , as well as the continued maintenance and inspections of all BMPs until final stabilization occurs. Final stabilization occurs once all surfaces are built on, paved or graveled, and/or a uniform stabilized vegetative cover with a density of 70 percent of pre-disturbance levels has been established or when an equivalent permanent, physical erosion reduction method has been employed . A further explanation of final stabilization is provided as section 4 of this plan . • Final Reclamation. For pipelines, this phase involves seeding of all disturbed areas, and the installation of any additional permanent BMPs that may be needed , as well as the continued maintenance and inspections of all BMPs until final stabilization occurs. For other areas (roads, well pads, facilities , etc ... ), this phase (which may occur after termination of this permit and under the coverage of a new construction permit) occurs when operation of the area is no longer necessary. In these cases, this phase will include the installation of any additional BMPs required during facility decommissioning as well as the spreading of any remaining topsoil, the application of seed , and the inspection/maintenance of all BMPs until final stabilization occurs. Temporary controls, such as silt fencing, may be used to control sediment and erosion during preconstruction and construction activities. Permanent controls, such as diversions and sediment traps, may also be used during the initial phases of the project. However, only permanent controls will be used during interim reclamation and final stabilization. Temporary controls may be converted into permanent controls (such as revegetating a diversion) if needed. The primary control used during interim and final stabilization will be revegetation . Seeding will occur as soon as possible after disturbance of an area is complete. If the seeding is not successful, the area will either be reseeded or other controls will be put in place unti l reseeding can occur. 3-5 Revised February 2009 4.0 Interim Reclamation and Final Stabilization As soon as practicable after construction activities have been completed in a disturbed area, interim (for well pads, or other facilities) or final (for roads and pipelines) reclamation will be started to prevent furth er erosion of soil from that area . Th is typically occurs immed iately upon completion of earthwork activities. All disturbed areas (except for the surface of dirt roads, those portions covered by pavement or a structure, and those areas used during operation of a well) will be stabilized with permanent controls. The most common measure used to achieve final stabilization is revegetation . Mulching , erosion control blankets, surfacing with gravel or slash , and/or other methods may also be used. Structural controls (such as diversions , berms , and sediment traps) may be revegetated and used as permanent measures to control pollutants in stormwater discharges that will occur after construction operations have been completed . Appendix E includes detailed information on each of the previously discussed BMPs. In addition, a revegetation manual is provided as Appendix B, which provides guidance as to possible methods and materials needed to accomplish revegetation on differing site conditions . The specific BMPs used at each site are shown on the Site Plans which are kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). Final stabilization means that all ground surface disturbing activities at the site have been completed , and all disturbed areas have been either built on, paved , or a uniform vegetative cover has been established with an individual plant density of at least 70 percent of pre-disturbance levels, or equivalent permanent, physical erosion reduct ion methods have been employed. For purposes of this perm it, establishment of a vegetative cover capable of providing erosion control equivalent to pre-existing conditions at the site will be considered final stabilization. Areas developed as stab ilized unpaved surfaces as needed for operation of the facility after interim reclamation , will also qualify as "finally stabilized ." This includes dirt road surfaces and the portions of the well pad surfaces that cannot be revegetated due to operational necessity, but does not include slopes, ditches, and other areas where revegetation is necessary. Stabilized unpaved surfaces w ill be prepared in such a way as to prevent ongoing erosion issues. Coverage under the Stormwater Construction Permit may be inactivated for any in d ividual site or a portion/section of that site (i.e. the access road to a well pad) when the area has attained final stabilization and all temporary erosion and sed iment control measures associated w ith that area have been removed . An area will be considered finally stabilized when construction and interim reclamation is complete and when the above final stabilization criteria have been met, even though the s ite may be d isturbed aga in in the future for final reclamation. However , future land disturbances that follow final stabilization and resu lt in disturbance of one acre or greater (such as final reclamation) will requ ire new perm it coverage at that time. Upon final stabilization of any site or portion/section of a site, a signed certification sheet (provided in Appendix F) will be placed into the Site Specific Records binder to replace the Site Plans and the inspection and ma in tenance records for that area. However, the Site Plans and inspection reports shall be retained in a separate location for a period of three years following final stabilization of the Permit Coverage Area. These documents will be made available to WQCD or EPA upon request and at the time of inspection . 4-1 Revised February 2009 5.0 Inspection and Maintenance Inspections and maintenance is an extremely important part of the Stormwater Construction Permit. The Construction Manager will ensure that all stormwater management controls are constructed or applied in accordance with governing specifications or good engineering practices. Experienced teams will be used for construction. A first inspection will occur upon installation of the controls . In addition, all workers on the s ite will be trained as to the location and use of the controls, especially those controls that will be disturbed as construction proceeds across the s ite. The goal is to minimize the potential for inadvertent removal or disturbance of BMPs and to prevent t he off site transport of sediment and other polluta nts. 5.1 Inspection Schedule Inspections are required as soon as the first soil disturbance occurs at the site. Once final stabilization of the site has occurred and the EnCana inspector has filled out the fina l stabilization certification sheet (see Section 4), in spections are no longer necessary. Specific information regard i ng inspection schedules are provided in the following sections. 5.1.1 Minimum Inspection Schedule for active sites The minimum inspection schedule applies to those s ites u nder active construction , which includes the period from when the ground is initially disturbed to when construction activity is completed , and also includes the preparation of areas that will be revegetated for interim reclamation. During the Active S ite period, a thorough inspection of the site s to rmwater management system (which includes all uti lized BMPs) must be conducted at least every 14 calendar days. Also, post-storm event inspections must be conducted with in 24 hours after t he end of any precipitation or snowmelt event that causes surface erosion. There are three exceptions to the m inimum inspection schedule which are described in detail within the next three sections: post-storm event inspections at temporarily id le sites (inspections required within 72 hours after a storm), inspections at completed sites (inspections required monthly), and inspections during certain winter conditions (inspections may not be required). Any use of an exception is temporary, and does not el iminate the requirement to perform routine maintenance due to the effects of a storm event or other cond itions that may impact BMP performance, including maintaining vehicle tracking controls and removing sediment from impervious areas. Inspections, as described above, are required at all other times. 5.1.2 Post-Storm Event Inspections at Temporarily Idle Sites Temporarily idle sites are those w here there are no construction activities occurring following a storm event. At such sites, post-storm event inspections m ust be conducted prior to restarting construction activities at the site , but no later than 72 hours following the storm event, and the delay noted in the inspection report. Routine inspections still must be conducted at least every 14 ca lendar days. 5.1.3 Completed Sites Once construction is completed and the site has been prepared for interim or final stabilization (including completion of appropriate soil preparation, amendments and stabil ization practices). the s ite (or portion of the site) is considered a Completed S ite (for purposes of the stormwater permit). Note: only construction activities that result in a disturbance of th e ground surface must be completed . Construction activities that can be conducted without disturbance of the ground surface, such as certain well completion activities, would not prohi bit a site from otherwise qualifying as a Completed S ite. (Completed Sites still requ ire permit coverage until the final stabil ization criteria have been met) Completed Sites qualify for a reduced inspection schedule, as the potential for pollution is reduced if the site has been adequately prepared and/or seeded. However, because slopes and other d isturbed areas may not be fully vegetated, erosion in these areas still occurs which requires maintenance activities such as regrading 5-1 Revised February 2009 and seeding of problem areas. As such , in spections must continue in order to address these situations. D uri ng the Completed Site period , a thorough inspection of the site stormwater management system (which included all utilized BMPs ) is required at least once every month. The SWMP must be amended to indicate those areas that will be inspected at this reduced frequency. 5.1.4 Winter Conditions Inspections Exclusion Inspec ti ons are not requ ired at sites where construction activities are temporarily halted , snow cover exists over t he e ntire site for an extended period , and melting conditions posing a ris k of soil erosion do not exist. Th is temporary exclusion is applicable only during the period where melting conditions do not exist, and applies to the routine 14-day and monthly inspections, as well as the post-storm-event inspections. It is typical that when snow cover exists, even at a Completed Site, s ignificant potential for erosion and BMP failure exists when melting does finally occur. Therefore, the site shou ld prepared prior to snow cover to ensure it is as stabil ized as possible , and be prepared to perform si te m a in tena nce when melt-off occurs, to alleviate any potential problems. Inspection records (see Section 5.4) must document the following information when this exclusion is used: dates when snow cover occurred, date when construction activities ceased, and date melting conditions began. 5.2 Performing Inspections Inspec tions will be conducted by qualifi ed personnel on the following areas: • All vegetated areas until 70% of pre-disturbance vegetation levels are reached . • All BMP measures identified i n this document. • Construction site perimeter and discha rge points. • All disturbed areas. • Areas used for storage of material/waste that a re exposed to precip itation. • Other areas dete rmined to have a significant potential for sto rmwater pollution , such as demolition areas or concrete washout locations, or locations where vehicles enter or exit the site. These areas will be i nspected to determine if there is evidence of, or the potential for, pollutants leaving the construction site boundaries, entering the stormwater drainage system , or discharging to state waters. All BMPs w ill be evaluated to determine if they still meet the desi g n and operati ona l criteria in the SWMP and if they continue to adequately control polluta nts at the site. Any BMPs not operating in accordance with Appendix E of this SWMP will be repaired or replaced (acco rding to the following section) and the Site Specific Records will be updated. 5.3 Maintenance Maintenance activities will e nsure that all control measures are f unc tioning at optimum levels and that a l l procedures and techniq ues will be in p roper working order during a runoff event or spill cond ition . Any maintenance, repairs, or replacements deemed necessary after required inspections will be corrected as soon as possible (if not immediately), to minimize the discharge of pollutants. Certain maintenance procedures may take a short period of time to make sure that all the proper safety precautions are in place, such as a "one call" for utilities, if the maintenance involves excavation of sediment located above a buried pi peline . Maintenance will include, but is not l imited to : • Pickup or otherwise prevention of litter, construction debris, and construction chemicals from becoming a pollutant source prior to antic ipated storm events. • Removal of sediment from silt fences, sediment traps, and other sediment controls. • Reseeding of any bare spots where vegetation has failed to establish. 5-2 Revised February 2009 • Repairs and/or adjustments to any erosion and sediment control that is deteriorating or found to be performing inadequately. Detailed maintenance requirements for each BMP are identified in Appendix E. When maintenance is required , the following process will typically be followed: 1. Perform inspections according to the min imum inspection schedule discussed in Section 5.1 . 2. Note the need for maintenance on the inspection and maintenance report form. 3. If necessary, collect the add it ional materials a nd/or resources needed to perform the maintenance activity . 4. Perform maintenance and note the date performed on the inspection and maintenance report form. 5. Re-inspect the area to ensure compliance. 5.4 Documenting Inspections and Maintenance The permittee must document inspection results, maintenance activities, and maintain a record of the resu lts for a period of 3 years foll owing expiration or inactivation of permit coverage. A typical inspection and maintenance report form is p rovided in Append ix G . A lthough the s ite may have a phased construction schedule, all construction a reas may be inspected at the same time and on one form. Each well pad , road , pipeline, or other facili ty which is inspected shall be c learly noted on the inspection fo rm . Inspection reports will include the following : • Date of inspection , name of inspector, and title of inspector • The area inspected (Site ID}, type of area (well pad , access road , pi pe line, e tc .}, phase of construction (preconstruction , construction , etc.), and type of inspection (active, completed , etc.) • Site specific information including d isturbed a rea , soil type(s}, ecosystem/vegetation type(s}, receiving waters, etc. • Vegetation observations including the percent pre-disturbance vegetation and whether or not vegetation growth has reached 70% of pre-disturbance levels • Specific inspection requ irements (a ll BMPs and areas of potential pollutant sources) • Observed conditions includ i ng : • Location(s) of discharges of sediment or other pollutants from the s ite • Location(s) of BMPs that need to be maintained • Location(s) of BMPs that failed to operate as designed or proved i nadequate for a pa rti c ula r location • Location(s) where additional BMPs are needed that were not in place at the t ime of inspection • Desc ript ion and date(s) of c o rrect ive actio n (s ) taken , and m eas ures taken to prevent futu re violations • Changes necessary to the SWMP A hand d rawn S ite Plan sha ll be included, if necessary, to show the location (s) of any observed cond it ion (as l isted above). After adequate corrective action(s) has been taken and recorded , or where a report does not identify any incidents requ iring corrective action , the report will contain a s igned statement i nd icating the site is in compliance w i th the permit to the best of the signer's knowledge and belief. 5-3 Revi sed Februa ry 2009 All completed inspection and maintenance report forms (a blank copy of which is included in Appendix G) are kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). 5-4 Revi sed February 2009 6.0 Plan Revisions and Retention When BMPs or site conditions change, the Master SWMP (Volume 1) and/or the Site Specific Records (Volume 2) will be amended to accurately reflect the actual field conditions . Examples include, but are not lim ited to , removal of BMPs , identification of new potential pollutant sources, addition of BMPs, modification of BMP installation/implementation specifications or maintenance procedures, and changes in items incl uded in the Site Plans. Changes to the Master SWMP (Volume 1) shall be noted on the SWMP Revisions log at the front of this plan. Changes to individua l site conditions will be noted in the Site Specific Records (Volume 2) on the applicable inspection and maintenance report form . All changes in Volume 1 and Volume 2 shall be made prior to actual changes in t he site conditions, except for responsive SWMP changes, which shall be made immediately after changes are made in the field or as soon as practical , but in no case more than 72 hours after the change(s) in BMP installation and/or implementation occur at the site that require development of materials to modify the SWMP. At a min imum , the Master SWMP will be updated annually. The Master SWMP and the Site Specific Records will be retained at the EnCana field office in Parachute during active construction and site inspections to ensure accurate implementation and maintenance of BMPs, and required revisions. These documents will be retained for a period of three years following final stabilization of the Permit Coverage Area. These rep orts will be made available to WQCD or EPA upon request and at the time of inspection. 6-1 Revised February 2009 7 .0 Inactivation Not ice When all d isturbed areas associated with the Stormwater Construction Permit have reached "final stabilization" (as described in Section 4), all temporary erosion and sediment control measures have been removed , and all components of the SWMP are complete, t he area no longer requires coverage under the permit terms. At that ti me, EnCana will submit an Inactivation Notice that closes thi s permit to th e WQCD upon fina l stabi lization of all areas covered by the permit. A blank copy of this form is included in Appendix H of this document. Upon receipt of the Inactivation Notice , the WQCD will provide written confirmation that coverage under this permit has been terminated . This historical documentation will be maintained at the EnCana field office in Parachute for a period of at least three years following termination of permit coverage . 7-1 Revised February 2009 8.0 Signature The signature page will not be s igned un less the SWMP is requested by an agency as a lega l document. At that time, the supervisor will review the most updated version of the SWMP and s ign it before subm itting to an agency. "I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted, to the best of my knowledge and belief, is true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment or knowing violations." Printed name Title Signature Date Printed name Title Signature Date 8-1 Revised Fe bruary 2009 9.0 References CDPHE, 2007a. COPS General Permit, Authorization to Discharge under the Colorado Discharge Permit System. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Water Qual ity Control Divis ion. Issued May 31 , 2007. http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wqlPermitsUniVstormwater/SWConstructionPermit.pdf CDPHE , 2007b. General Permit Application and Stormwater Management Plan Preparation Guidance. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Water Quality Control Division . Revised July , 2007. http ://www.cdphe.state .co. us/wq/PermitsUniVstormwater/SWConstructionApplication. pdf CDPHE, 2007c. Rationale. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Water Quality Control Division. 2007. http://www. cd phe . state .co . us/wq/Perm itsUn iVstormwater/SWConstruction Rationale . pdf CDPHE , 2007d. Stormwater Fac t Sheet -Construction a t Oil and Gas Facilities. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Water Quality Control Division. Revised July, 2007. http ://www.cdphe.state .co . us/wq/PermitsUniVstormwater/OGfactsheet. pdf EnCana. 2005. Orchard Unit Geograph ic Area Plan . EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. EnCana. 2007 . Environmental Assessment of the Rulison Geographic Area Plan for Oil and Gas Development. EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Mute l, C.F ., a nd Emerick, J.C ., 1992. Fro m Grassland to Glac ier -T he Natural History of Colorado and the Surrounding Region . USEPA, 1990. NPDES Stormwater Regulations, 40 CFR Parts 122.26. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 9 -1 Revised February 2009 Appendix A General Permit Application STATE OF COLORA.DO Bill Ritter. Jr .• Governor James B. Martin, Executive Director Dedicated to protecting and Improving the health and environment of the people of Colorado 4300 Cherry Creek Dr. S. Laboratory Services Division Denver, Colorado 80246· 1530 8100 Lowry Blvd. Phone (303) 692·2000 Denver, Colorado 80230·6928 TOO Li ne (303) 691·7700 (303) 692·3090 Located in Glendale, Colorado http://www.cdphe.state.co.us June 20, 2007 Terry Gosney, Reg Env Coord EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc., 27 J 7 County Road 2 15 Ste. J 00 Parachute, CO 81635 970/285-2687 RE: Final Permit, Colorado Discharge Permit System -Stormwater Certification No: COR-037689 Local Contact: Dear Sir or Madam: North Parachute Ranch Garfield County Terry Gosney, R eg Env Coard 970/285-2687 Colorado Deparonent of Public Health and Environment Enclosed please find a copy of the new permit and certification which have been re-issued to you under the Colorado Water Quality Control Act. Your old permit expires on June 30, 2007. This is a renewal to the permit, and replaces t he old one. See page 2 of the Rationale (the pages in italics) for a s ummary of the changes to the permit. Your Certification under the p ermit requires that specific actions be pe1formed at designated times. You are legally obligated to comply with all terms and conditions of the permit. Please read the permit and certification. If you have any questions please visit our website at : www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/permitsunit/stonnwater or contact Matt Czahor at (303) 692-35 17. Sincerely, Kathryn Dolan Storrnwater Program Coordinator Permits Unit WATER QUALITY CONTROL DMSI ON xc: Regional Counci l of Governments Local County Hea lth Department District Engineer, Technical Services, WQCD Permit File · STATE OF COLORADO C O L ORADO D E PARTMENT O F PUBLIC H EAL T H AND ENVI RONMENT WATER Q UALITY CONTROL DIVISION TELEPHONE : (303) 692-3500 CERTIFICATION TO DISCHARGE UNDER CDPS G E NERAL PERMIT COR-030000 STORMW AT ER DISCHARGES ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION Certification Number COR037689 T h is C ertification to Discharge specifically authorizes: EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. LEGA L CONTACT: rr,, ....... ~,.~--•-:; De·~ Env Coo1··d ..t r:;,1 I)' VV.)lf.&J' . .I\. O En Cana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 271 7 Co unty Road 21 5 Ste. 1 00 Parachute, CO 81635 Phone# 9701285-2687 Te rry.gosney@encana.com LOCAL C ONTACT: Terry Gosn ey , Reg Env Coord, Phone# 9701285-2687 te rry.gosney @en cana.co m During the Construction Activity: Gas/Oil Field Exploration and/or Development to discharge stormwater from the facility identified as North Parachute Ranch which is located at: 6t.i 10652 Garfield County Road 215 . Parachute, Co 81635 Latitude 39.5731, Longitude 108.1093 In Garfield County to: --Parachute Creek Anticipated Activity begins 09/0112004 continuing through 06/30/2010 O n 27,000 acres (400 acres disturbed) Certification is effective: 07 /01/2007 Certification Expires: 06/30/2012 Annual Fee: $245.00 (DO NOT PAY NOW -A prorated bill will be sent sh ortly.) Page 1 o f22 Appendix B Revegetation Manual EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 1 EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc. Revegetation Manual Table of Contents INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 2 1.0 Fertilization ........................................................................................................................................ 2 2.0 Soil Preparation ................................................................................................................................ 2 2a. Disking ............................................................................................................................................. 2 2b. Chisel Plowing .............................................................................................................................. 3 2c. Subsoiling ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2d. Harrowing ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2e. Cultipacking ................................................................................................................................... 3 3.0 Drill Seeding ....................................................................................................................................... 3 3a. Equipment ...................................................................................................................................... 3 3b. Methods of Use ............................................................................................................................. 4 4.0 Broadcast Seeding ........................................................................................................................... 5 5.0 Hydroseeding ..................................................................................................................................... 6 6.0 Seed Planting Rates and Species Selection for Individual Seed Mixtures .................. 6 7.0 Seed Quality ....................................................................................................................................... 7 8.0 Seed Storage ...................................................................................................................................... 7 9.0 Seeding Dates for the Raton Basin ............................................................................................ 8 10.0 Seed Germination .......................................................................................................................... 8 11.0 Seeding Success ............................................................................................................................. 8 12.0 Seed Mixtures for the Raton Basin .......................................................................................... 8 13.0 Mulching and Erosion Control ................................................................................................... 9 14.0 Maintenance of Seeded Areas ................................................................................................... 9 APPENDIX B: EQUIPMENT PHOTOS ............................................................................ 10 Photo 1: Three Point Spreader .................................................................................................... 10 Photo 2: Fertilizer Buggy Wagon ............................................................................................... 10 Photo 3: Tandem Disk .................................................................................................................... 11 Photo 4: Rhome Offset Construction Disk .............................................................................. 11 Photo 5: Chisel Plow – Brillion 8’ ............................................................................................... 12 Photo 6: Chisel Plow – John Deere ............................................................................................ 12 Photo 7: Subsoiler – John Deere ................................................................................................ 13 Photo 8: Spike Tooth Harrow ...................................................................................................... 13 EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 2 Photo 9: Flex-tine Tooth Harrow................................................................................................ 14 Photo 10: Spring Tooth Harrow .................................................................................................. 14 Photo 11: Cultipacker – Brillion .................................................................................................. 15 Photo 12: Truax Brand Drill Seeder .......................................................................................... 15 Photo 13: Horizon Brand Drill Seeder ...................................................................................... 16 Photo 14: Close-up of Double Disk Furrow Openers and Depth Bands ....................... 16 Photo 15: Press Wheels ................................................................................................................. 17 Photo 16: Drag Chains in Transport Position ........................................................................ 17 Photo 17: Trashy Seed Box Picker Wheels ............................................................................. 18 Photo 18: Small Grain Standard Seed Box/Seed Cups ...................................................... 18 Photo 19: Seed Drill Gear Assembly ......................................................................................... 19 Photo 20: Seed Tubes ..................................................................................................................... 19 Photo 21: Hand Broadcast Seeder ............................................................................................. 20 Photo 22: Hydroseeder – 3000 Gallon Tank .......................................................................... 20 Photo 23: Hydroseeder with Gun Operator ............................................................................ 21 Photo 24: Seed Tag ......................................................................................................................... 21 EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc. Revegetation Manual Introduction The objective of a revegetation program is to establish a diverse self sustaining vegetative cover that provides for erosion control and a productive land use. There is not a single best method to revegetation practices. This is why revegetation is considered “an Art and a Science”. As many revegetation practitioners have said in the past it is better to be lucky than good. Meaning that the most critical ingredient needed to complete the cycle of revegetation is adequate and timely rainfall. Achieving successful revegetation of a disturbed area is even more complicated than a successful crop from dry land farming. Farming practices are normally completed on land that has prime soil for plant growth and consist of cereal grain crops that are easier to grow than native grasses. This manual is for the layman who needs to understand revegetation as part of their job duties with EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc., but does not necessarily have the college degree or hands on experience to complete this type of work. This manual will present steps and options that will help increase the chances of successful revegetation. There are sections EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 2 that outline methods and materials needed to accomplish revegetation on differing site conditions. 1.0 Fertilization Fertilization of areas to be revegetated is often times a consideration. Soil test of the areas to be seeded are the best way to determine if fertilizer is needed. The major nutrients needed by native vegetation for growth is Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. Nitrogen is for top growth of plants, Phosphorus is for root growth, and Potassium is for the overall health and vigor of plants. All fertilizer will list the nutrients in the order of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium or N-P-K. For example a product listed as 18-46-0 will contain 18 % Nitrogen, 46% Phosphorus, and 0% Potassium. Nitrogen may not be at desirable levels in the soil at the time of seeding. However, research has shown that adding nitrogen at the time of seeding can often times increase the growth and cover of weed species at the expense of the desirable seeded species. Also, nitrogen can not be metabolized by native grasses until they are approximately one year old. For these reasons, most experienced revegetation specialists will not recommend the use of nitrogen at the time of seeding. Instead, they will tend to place nitrogen fixing legumes in the seed mixture. These legumes will pull nitrogen from the atmosphere and provide it later to other plants such as grasses. Phosphorus most likely will be the limiting nutrient in the soil. It is advisable to add phosphorus prior to soil tillage and work it into the soil to a depth of 6 to 8 inches. Most native soils in Colorado contain optimum levels of potassium. Therefore, potassium should very seldom if ever be needed in the Colorado Fields. Fertilizer is typically applied using a Three Point Hitch Tractor Mounted Spreader or Fertilizer Buggy Wagon Implement (See photo #’s 1 and 2: Three Point Spreader and Fertilizer Buggy Wagon). Both of these styles of spreaders are considered broadcast spreaders. Their width of application is typically between 10 and 30 feet. The amount of fertilizer applied per acre is controlled by a slide gate opening on the bottom of the spreader. 2.0 Soil Preparation Soil Preparation is a critical first step to revegetation. The objective is to have the surface 8 inches of soil loose enough to allow for root growth and firm enough on the surface for good seed to soil contact. The soil surface should also be relatively free of rocks, debris, and dirt clods greater than 3 inches in diameter. Too much debris, rock, and clods will prohibit proper seed placement. There are several types of implements that can be pulled behind farm tractors or small dozers to till the soil. These consist of disk, chisel plows, subsoilers, and harrows. The working widths commercially available for soil preparation implements typically vary 6 feet to over 20 feet. The working width of implements used by contractors is typically based on site access and size. Also, smaller contractors may have a limited number and size of tillage implements in their equipment fleet. 2a. Disking Disks are normally used where there is significant surface compaction and the soil needs to be tilled to loosen and large soil clods need to be broken down. Disks also are used where there is a concern of bringing more rock up to the soil surface as will occur with chisels, EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 3 rippers, and subsoilers. Disks should not be used alone where extreme subsoil compaction exist. There are offset disks and tandem disks available on the market. Tandem disks turn the soil twice and offset disks move the soil in opposing directions and help level the surface (See photo #’s 3 and 4: Tandem Disk and Rhome Offset Construction Disk). On very rough sites a Rhome brand construction type disk is recommended because of the weight of the disk and its ability to withstand rough conditions (See photo #4: Rhome Offset Construction Disk). A heavy construction disk normally needs to be pulled behind a mid-size dozer or large 4WD tractor because of its weight and soil penetration ability. 2b. Chisel Plowing A chisel plow cuts through the soil and helps to eliminate soil compaction to a depth of approximately 8 inches (See photo #’s 5 and 6: Chisel Plow). Chisel plowing to a shallower depth can help cut off and kill weeds. Some rock and clod material can be brought to the soil surface during this operation. If a significant amount of clods are brought up to the soil surface then a cultipacker (See Section 2e.) should be utilized to break clods back down prior to seeding. 2c. Subsoiling Subsoiling is used to break up compacted soil layers 6 to 24 inches in depth (See photo #7: Subsoiler). Subsoiling helps to improve water infiltration and aerates subsoil layers to encourage root penetration. Subsoiling can bring up significant large clods in zones with heavy clays and compacted zones. Cultipacking (See Section 2e.) will need to follow subsoiling when large volumes of clods greater than 3 inches are brought to the soil surface. 2d. Harrowing Harrows lightly scratch the ground to loosen a shallow layer of soil (4 inches or shallower). The three styles of harrows consist of a spike tooth harrow (See photo #8), flex-tine tooth harrow (See photo #9), and spring tooth harrow (See photo #10). Harrows should only be used on loose friable soils that do not require deep tillage. Harrows can be used to remove undesirable vegetation such as weeds that will interfere with seeding operations. Harrows will break up surface crust and generally break up clods of topsoil material, but not hard and massive subsoil material. Harrows are excellent for preparing a seedbed for small seeds such as forbs and some shrub seeds. 2e. Cultipacking Cultipackers consist of front rollers that are an open mesh, a middle set of rippers, and a back set of rollers with knurled edges (See photo #11: Cultipacker). The front set of rollers crushes clods, the rippers bring additional clod material to the soil surface, and the rear roller crushes remaining clods and firms the soil surface. 3.0 Drill Seeding 3a. Equipment Drill seeders are implements that are towed behind an agricultural seeder or small crawler dozer (See photo #’s 12 and 13: Truax and Horizon Brand Drills). Drill seeding is considered the optimum means of planting grasses, forbs, and most shrub seed. Rangeland type drill seeders used for planting native vegetation should have several critical features or components. This includes three seed boxes, double disk furrow openers equipped with depth bands, press wheels or drag chains (See photo #’s 14, 15, and 16: Close-up of Double Disk Furrow Openers and Depth Bands, Press Wheels, and Drag Chains in Transport Position). EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 4 The drill seeder should be equipped with three different seed boxes: A legume box is needed for small seed such as wildflowers, alfalfa, sweet clover, etc., a trashy seed box with aggressive picker wheels for handling trashy seed such as bluestems and gramas (See photo #17: Trashy Seed Box Picker Wheels), and a standard seed box used for flowable seeds such as wheat grasses and small grains (See photo #18: Small Grain Standard Seed Box/Seed Cups). Most native grass drill seeders come in 8 to 10 foot planting widths. The seed drill is activated by a series of gears and chains that are attached to one of the drill wheels on the drill (See photo #19: Seed Drill Gear Assembly). When the drive wheel is activated it turns the gears which turn the shafts that run through the seed boxes. The seed gravity feeds into seed cups that are attached to the shaft (See photo #18: Small Grain Standard Seed Box/Seed Cups). The trashy seed box has an extra shaft that runs above the seed cup shaft and has an aggressive picker spiral agitator wheel which forces the seed down to the seed cup so it does not simply float in the seed box (See photo #17: Trashy Seed Box Picker Wheels). The seed from all seed boxes falls through a hole in the seed box where a flexible rubber tube is connected between the bottom of the seed box and the double disk furrow openers (See photo #20: Seed Tubes). The double disk furrow openers, as the name implies, opens a small trench in the soil that the seed falls into. As the drill moves forward the seed is covered with soil and pressed into the ground by the press wheels or drag chains (See photo #’s 15 and 16: Press Wheels and Drag Chains in Transport Position). It is very important that the seed is planted to the right depth and the seed is pressed into the soil firmly to press out air and allow the seed to absorb moisture as it becomes available to help germinate the seed. The double disk is attached to a lift arm assembly that allows it to roll and float over minor obstacles in the ground such as small rocks tree branches, and dirt clods. The drill should be lifted up by using the hydraulic cylinder when large rocks and debris are encountered in the drills path. While rangeland type drill seeders are built to handle tough conditions they can be high maintenance and require a supply of extra parts in the field when breakdowns occur. 3b. Methods of Use Drill seeders should be calibrated for use on a small area before all seeding is completed. Most manufacturers of drill seeding equipment can provide general guidelines as to the amount of seed output by seed box for flowable seeds versus trashy seeds. Calibration will help ensure that the proper amount of Pure Live Seed (PLS) is planted. PLS of any given vegetation species is determined by a registered seed testing laboratory. Individual seeds from individual species are normally placed in a growth chamber to determine the percentage of seeds that will germinate, For example, if 100 seeds are placed in a growth chamber and forced to germinate and only 90 germinate, the germination percentage is considered 90%. Purity is the measure of viable seed and separates out inert material, weed seed (not more than 1% according to federal regulations) and other crop seed. Therefore, the total viable seed is the percent by count that will germinate. The following example provides an illustration of a method of calculating an amount of seed to be planted which takes into account the variation of seed germination and purity of the seed source: Example of a Pure Live Seed (PLS) Calculation: A recommended seed mixture requires that 5 lbs. (PLS) of intermediate wheatgrass be planted: EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 5 Intermediate wheatgrass germination = 80% Intermediate wheatgrass purity = 90% 80% X 90% (PLS) = 0.72 5 lbs (PLS) to be planted = Approximately 7 lbs of bagged 0.72 (PLS factor) seed should be included in the mixture so that 5 lbs of PLS will be planted. Thus, a seed species PLS factor is based on germination X purity. In order to plant one PLS pound of a species you may end up planting 1.6 to 2.0 times more seed which is considered the bulk seed amount. The operator should first decide whether to have the seed mixture divided by trashy vs. flowable species or to combine the species and utilize both seed boxes to achieve proper seed output. It is best to consult with your seed dealer to determine just how trashy or fluffy the seed will be. There are several different opinions in the industry as to how to calibrate a native grass seed drill. The most elaborate method of calibration involves jacking up the drill and spinning the drive wheel the number of revolutions that represent an acre. Seed is caught from one of the seed tubes and weighed after spinning the gauge wheel and the seed weight for one tube is converted into the fraction of an acre that the tube represents. Most drill seeders contain either a slide bar with number settings or gear ratios with numbers to increase or decrease the seed output. These adjustments should be made if more than a 10 % variance of less seed than required occurs. Also, adjustments should be made for too much seed being put down which can be a costly mistake as well as planting too much seed for what the soil and environment will support. The simplest way to calibrate a seed drill is to place two acres worth of seed in the seed box and drill seed ½ acre. Fill the seed box back up to the height it existed with two acres worth of material. Next determine if you had to fill more than a ½ acre of material or less than, or you were right on with the calibration. Be aware that if you had to place less seed back in the box, than the volume you started with, you are not seeding enough. Calibration of a seed drill can change overnight if seed is left in the drill. Seed may settle in the seed box causing a slight amount of packing and humidity can change the way seed flows from the drill. It is best to finish out the seed in the seed box by the end of the day and start fresh the next day. Remember to check the calibration of the drill at least every 10 acres or each time you refill the drill. Always keep the drill boxes full enough that the seed feeds properly. Remember when seeding on side slopes that seed can slide to the down hill side of the seed box leaving little or no seed to be planted on the high side of the drill. Most drills come equipped with divider boxes to keep seed from sliding all the way to the low end of the drill. If the seed drill does not have divider boxes think of ways to place sheet metal or even card board in the drill to divide it into at least three different compartments. All drill seeding should be completed parallel to slopes or on the slope contour. Drill seeding up and down a slope can result in accelerating erosion after rainfall since the indentations from the drill rows help to concentrate flow and accelerate soil movement down hill. Most native grass species and forbs germinate best if seeded to a depth of ¼ to ½ inch. Most depth bands on drills are set at ½ inch so the seed can not be planted any deeper. 4.0 Broadcast Seeding EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 6 Broadcast seeding is typically done where steep slopes prohibit safe operation of a farm tractor or the soil surface is covered with large rock that cannot be economically removed. Hand seeding may be needed in small, tight access areas where machinery cannot effectively operate. Broadcast seeding can be performed either with a hand seeder (See photo #21: Hand Broadcast Seeder) or tractor mounted spreader (See photo #1: Three Point Spreader). Broadcast spreaders typically spread an even swath of seed onto the soil surface. Depending on the roughness of the ground, the seed can end up at various depths in the soil. Broadcast seeding by hand or machine alone will not typically provide good results unless the seed is covered with soil. Broadcast seeding with a tractor should be followed by using a flex harrow to cover the seed with soil. Hand broadcast seeding should be followed by hand raking with a hard tine rake. In both cases the seed should not be raked deeper than ½ inch into the ground. 5.0 Hydroseeding Hydroseeding is completed with an actual hydroseeder machine. Most people in the industry use the term hydroseeder/hydromulcher interchangeably since they do both operations (See photo #22: Hydroseeder – 3000 Gallon Tank). A hydroseeder/hydromulcher machine consists of a water tank equipped with a motor that operates a hydraulic agitation system. The top of the machine contains a turret or gun where the seed is discharged (See photo #23: Hydroseeder with Gun Operator). The operator will mix the seed and a small amount of hydromulch in the tanker. The green dyed hydromulch will help the operator see the sprayed area during the seeding operation. The objective of using the hydraulic pressure of the machine is to use enough force from the engine RPM’s to shoot or push the seed into the ground. If the seed is not adequately covered with soil, hand raking of the area or slope harrowing should be employed. 6.0 Seed Planting Rates and Species Selection for Individual Seed Mixtures Establishing seed mixtures and planting rates for different native grass, forbs, and shrub seeds is normally done by a revegetation specialist, soil scientist, plant ecologist, or agronomist. These professionals have several years of experience in knowing how many pounds of each type of seed are needed to increase the chances of revegetation success. Any expert in the revegetation industry knows that there are no absolutes in designing a seed mixture. Designing a seed mixture combines both an “Art and a Science”. The consultant takes into account what vegetation species are currently growing by vegetation zone on the site. A native vegetation zone or community is controlled by several environmental factors including elevation, degree of slope, aspect of slope (East, west, north, or south facing), soil type (for example sandy or clayey), and the amount of precipitation that the area receives each year. Vegetation communities will typically have at least two grass species to as many as eight species. Shrub and forbs species will also typically be present. There should be at least three grass species in a revegetation seed mixture. Having a number of species in the mixture will promote diversity in the final vegetative cover and will reduce the risk of revegetation failure if one or more of the species does not adapt to site conditions. EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 7 Typically a consultant will base the poundage of each species on several factors. Some species are hard to establish and may require higher poundage of seed to have a chance to establish. Some species may be easy to establish and are seeded at a higher rate to ensure some initial vegetation cover after seeding. Some vegetation species are very aggressive and should represent a small percentage of the seed mixture or they will dominate the site. Each vegetation species has a different number of seeds per pound. For example, Western Wheat Grass has approximately 110,000 seeds per pound while Blue Grama has 825,000 seeds per pound. There are different opinions with scientist as to how much seed to plant on an acre or square foot basis. Typically, the number of seeds planted per square foot is a consideration. Chenoweth & Associates believes that 30 to 75 seeds per square foot should be planted on any site. Others believe that 144 seeds per square foot should be planted on any site, especially steeper windblown slopes. The higher number of seeds per square foot could be based on the risk of loosing seed to water erosion on steep hill sides or wind erosion in high wind prone areas. Higher seeding rates could also be based on very good topsoil replacement that will allow a site to support more vegetation. The general role of thumb for hydroseeding and broadcast seeding is to double the drill seed rate of seed. This rule was established since broadcast and hydroseeding does not typically provide for optimum seed placement and planting depth as compared to drill seeding. A seed mixture at a minimum will consist of native grasses and forbs. As previously mentioned at least three grass species should be in any revegetation seed mixture. The operator (such as EnCana), landowner (either private landowner or federal agencies such as the Forest Service or BLM), and Revegetation Specialist typically consult with one another to determine what the seed mixture should contain. These individuals or organization will determine if the seed mixture should contain only grasses or whether shrub and forbs seed should be added to the seed mixture as well. Typically cost of seed is a driving factor on deciding if these species are added to a seed mixture. 7.0 Seed Quality Seed purchased from a reputable seed dealer should contain a seed tag that provides the germination and purity of each species in the bag. The seed tag should also indicate the Lot number of the seed (See photo #24: Seed Tag). The lot number is to document where and when the seed was harvested. The seed supplier should supply seed that has been tested within one year of the purchase date. 8.0 Seed Storage Seed should be properly stored until it is used. Seed should be kept in a cool dark environment. The temperature in the storage area should never exceed 85ºF for enclosed containers and 90ºF for good ventilated storage. Seed is not typically impacted by freezing temperatures and in fact some seeds benefit from cold and heat scarification in order to germinate. Seed which becomes wet for any period of time exceeding 48 hours should not be used. If seed is stored over winter or for any extended period of time should be retested. Some seed species will decrease in germination percentage faster than others. Additional seed of some species may have to be purchased and reblended into the original seed mixture to bring the mixture back up to the proper PLS rate desired. EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 8 9.0 Seeding Dates for Colorado Oil & Gas Fields Desirable seeding dates are typically tied to periods when precipitation will closely follow the actual seed planting. Moisture in the Colorado oil & gas fields typically comes during the summer monsoon period which occurs in July and winter rain or snow which is highest in January, February and March. Seeding needs to be completed when the soil is not frozen or wet. Therefore, consultants feel that optimum seeding dates are early in the spring until May 1, mid-July until September 1, and after the first heavy frost until permanent ground freeze. These dates do not always coincide with construction schedules and the urgency to seed after earth work is completed to help control erosion. There are times that seeding a cover crop during a poor seeding period may be beneficial. There are several sterile hybrid seeds on the market today that germinate easily as long as there is some degree of soil moisture available. They are considered sterile since they will not reseed themselves. These hybrids are called treticale. They are typically a cross between winter wheat and a wheatgrass. 10.0 Seed Germination Depending on the vegetation species, germination can occur as soon as 10 days after seeding. Germination is dependent on adequate soil moisture and soil temperature. Normally grass seed needs at least 54ºF surface soil temperature to germinate. These temperatures should exist from late April until late August in the Colorado oil & gas fields depending on elevation and soil shading. Germination of all species can often times take several days or weeks depending on the number of species in the seed mixture. Again, this assumes there is adequate soil moisture in addition to proper soil temperatures for seed germination. At the time of peak germination flush as many as 10 to 20 seedlings per square foot may be present. Approximately 75% of the seedlings die off shortly after germination as the plants reach equilibrium of what the soils moisture and nutrient levels will support. If hot dry periods follow germination, some or all of the grasses and forbs may die. A further discussion of this situation is provided in the following section. 11.0 Seeding Success After germination occurs, new seedlings are very dependent on continued available soil moisture to survive. Some grass species are more susceptible to desiccation and die back than others. Thus, if adequate and timely precipitation does not occur during the first growing season failure of the revegetation may occur. This is why it is very important to use the proper materials and procedures identified throughout this report. There are at least two university research units that agree on determining revegetation success after the first growing season. Typically, 3 to 4 live healthy seedlings per square foot after the first growing season will yield long term revegetation success. These seedlings will ultimately yield approximately 40% to 60% canopy cover after the plants mature. 12.0 Seed Mixtures for the Colorado Oil & Gas Fields Seed mixtures will have to be prepared for use in the Colorado oil & gas fields of EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc. well pads, road cut and fill slopes, pipelines and borrow pits. These seed mixtures will be site specific to the ecosystems present. See Appendix A – Seed Mixture Charts with geographic photos for the seven zones of the Colorado oil & gas fields. EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 9 13.0 Mulching and Erosion Control Conserving soil moisture and controlling surface erosion are very important during seedling establishment. Lack of proper erosion control can result in seed being washed away before it germinates. Mulch materials can help conserve soil moisture and reduce erosion. Mulch materials also provide other beneficial functions. They include increasing moisture infiltration from rain and snow, cooling the soil surface, and providing valuable soil organic matter to increase soil structure. Several different types of mulch materials can be used for revegetation purposes. The most common ones used are hay/straw mulch, hydromulch, Flexible Growth Medium and Bonded Fiber Matrix. There are also several types of roll out erosion control blankets that are available to be used in place of mulches on steep slope areas, drainage areas, and stream channels. Erosion control is now required by federal and state laws on most disturbed construction sites and falls under what is called Storm Water Management Permitting. A separate report was prepared for EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc. dealing with education on Storm Water Management Planning and Permitting. An extensive list of mulching and erosion control products is discussed in this report. 14.0 Maintenance of Seeded Areas Maintenance of seeded areas includes weed control, erosion control, and touch up seeding. Most newly seeded sites require these maintenance operations during the first growing season to help insure successful revegetation. In general weed control should be employed anytime weed cover exceeds 20% canopy cover. Site specifics will vary; sometimes 20% weed canopy cover may be desirable. Mechanical weed control must be used immediately after seeding is completed and most likely until the second growing season. Mechanical weed control consists of mowing or hand pulling weeds. Herbicide applications will kill new seedlings and seed in the ground. Herbicides can only be used after the vegetation becomes established at mature height. Reseeding or touch up seeding should occur after adequate time for germination and when bare spots greater than 10 square feet exist. A more extensive discussion of maintenance of seeded areas and weed control can be found in Oil & Gas Field Specific Revegetation Plans. APPENDIX A: SEED MIXTURE CHARTS WITH GEOGRAPHIC PHOTOS APPENDIX A: SEED MIXTURE CHARTS WITH GEOGRAPHIC PHOTOS Seed Mixture # 1 = to be developed per field area Seed Mixture # 2 = to be developed per field area Seed Mixture # 3 = to be developed per field area Seed Mixture # 4 = to be developed per field area Seed Mixture # 5 = to be developed per field area Seed Mixture # 6 = to be developed per field area Seed Mixture # 7 = to be developed per field area EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 10 APPENDIX B: EQUIPMENT PHOTOS Photo 1: Three Point Spreader Photo 2: Fertilizer Buggy Wagon EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 11 Photo 3: Tandem Disk Photo 4: Rhome Offset Construction Disk EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 12 Photo 5: Chisel Plow – Brillion 8’ Photo 6: Chisel Plow – John Deere EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 13 Photo 7: Subsoiler – John Deere Photo 8: Spike Tooth Harrow EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 14 Photo 9: Flex-tine Tooth Harrow Photo 10: Spring Tooth Harrow EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 15 Photo 11: Cultipacker – Brillion Photo 12: Truax Brand Drill Seeder EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 16 Photo 13: Horizon Brand Drill Seeder Photo 14: Close-up of Double Disk Furrow Openers and Depth Bands EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 17 Photo 15: Press Wheels Photo 16: Drag Chains in Transport Position EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 18 Photo 17: Trashy Seed Box Picker Wheels Photo 18: Small Grain Standard Seed Box/Seed Cups EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 19 Photo 19: Seed Drill Gear Assembly Photo 20: Seed Tubes EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 20 Photo 21: Hand Broadcast Seeder Photo 22: Hydroseeder – 3000 Gallon Tank EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants 21 Photo 23: Hydroseeder with Gun Operator Photo 24: Seed Tag Appendix C Existing Soil and Vegetation Data Appendix D Master SWMP Permit Area Map Appendix E Stormwater Manual of Best Management Practices (BMPs) Prepared for: EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Parachute, CO 81635 Stormwater Manual of Best Management Practices (BMPs) June 2008 Prepared for: EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Parachute, CO 81635 Stormwater Manual of Best Management Practices (BMPs) June 2008 Contents 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................1 2.0 Planning.........................................................................................................................................................2 3.0 Types of Best Management Practices ......................................................................................................3 4.0 Principles and practices of erosion control ............................................................................................4 5.0 Erosion control concepts...........................................................................................................................5 6.0 Selection and implementation of controls...............................................................................................6 7.0 Inspection and maintenance .....................................................................................................................7 8.0 References ...................................................................................................................................................8 Figures Site Isometrics SI-1 Site Isometric – Flat and Gently Sloping Terrain SI-2 Site Isometric – Steep Terrain Site Plans SP-0 Site Plan – Preconstruction SP-1 Site Plan – Flat and Gently Sloping Terrain SP-2 Site Plan – Steep Terrain Details D-1 Access Road Intersection – Well Pad below Road D-2 Access Road Intersection – Well Pad above Road D-3 Well Pad D-4 Road Parallel to Gathering Line and Stream D-5 404 Stream Crossing D-6 Gathering Line Crossing Stream (During Construction Condition) Best Management Practices (BMPs) Erosion Control BMPs: Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) Hydraulic Mulching (HM) Land Grading (LG) – Roads Low Water Crossing (LWC) Mulching (M) Retaining Wall (RW) Revegetation (RV) Riprap (R) Soil Stabilizers (SS) Stockpiling (SP) – Topsoil and Subsoil Surface Roughening (SR) Terracing (T) Turf Reinforcement Mat (TRM) Vegetated Buffer (VB) Wattles (W) i June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final for revised pages06-09-08.doc Contents (continued) Drainage Control BMPs: Berm (B) Culvert (C) Culvert Inlet Protection (CIP) Culvert Outlet Protection (COP) Diversion (D) Drainage Dip (DD) Level Spreader (LS) Roadside Ditches (RSD) and Turnouts (TO) Run-On Diversion (ROD) Slope Drain (SD) Trench Breaker (TB) Water Bar (WB) Sediment Control BMPs: Check Dam (CD) Detention Pond (DP) Filter Berm (FB) Sediment Reservoir (SedR) Sediment Trap (ST) Silt Fence (SF) Slash (SL) Stabilized Construction Entrance (SCE) Straw Bale Barrier (SBB) Wattles (W) – BMP is provided with erosion controls Non-Stormwater BMPs: Dewatering (DW) Dust Control (DC) Material Delivery and Storage (MDS) Scheduling (S) Spill Prevention and Control (SPC) Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance (VEM) Waste Management (WM) ii June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final for revised pages06-09-08.doc 1.0 Introduction The primary purpose of this Stormwater Manual of Best Management Practices (BMPs) is to provide EnCana personnel, contractors, and subcontractors with information on the proper selection, design, installation, and maintenance of BMPs to manage oil and gas (O&G) related stormwater and to meet federal and state Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) implementation requirements. The BMPs found in this manual are operating practices that may be used to control erosion, drainage, and sedimentation associated with stormwater runoff from areas disturbed by clearing, grading, and excavating activities related to site preparation and construction of oil and gas production facilities. Although the BMPs in this manual were derived from both common industry practices and from practical field experience, they may not be applicable for certain sites and field conditions. Personnel responsible for stormwater management, whether it is design, construction, maintenance, or environmental compliance, should have a thorough knowledge of the applicable erosion and sediment control measures and the related specifications. The main objectives of this manual are to: 1. Serve as an easy-to-use guide for selecting, designing, constructing, and maintaining BMPs. 2. Function as a reference for construction plans and specifications. 3. Ultimately lead to the avoidance of any net increase in off-site erosion and sedimentation of waters of the U.S. In the preparation of this document, emphasis was placed on the selection and practical application of BMPs, given a variety of basic physical circumstances. The series of figures within this document are provided as a tool to quickly evaluate which BMPs may be useful at a given construction site, whether new or existing. This document anticipates that the user will be prudent and exercise good judgment in evaluating site conditions and deciding which BMP or combination of BMPs is to be used at a specific site. If the BMPs selected are not effective to prevent discharges of potentially undesirable quantities of sediment to a regulated water body, different or additional BMPs should be employed. 1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 2.0 Planning Planning for the inclusion of appropriate BMPs should occur early in the site development process, and can be divided into five separate steps: 1. Site Assessment – Collect the information from the site regarding topography, soils, drainage, vegetation, and other predominant features. Also make note of any existing erosion that is present. Analyze the information to anticipate erosion and sedimentation problems. 2. Avoidance and Minimization – Avoiding or minimizing disturbances on construction sites are the best protection measures against erosion and sedimentation problems. Inclusion of these measures will also decrease the amount of BMPs required during construction. 3. Construction Scheduling and Phasing – Develop a construction schedule and phasing plan that minimizes the amount of area exposed thus minimizing erosion and impacts to the area from development. 4. SWMP – Develop and implement a SWMP that specifies effective BMPs, taking into consideration the information generated from the site assessment and the construction schedule and phasing. 5. Inspections and Maintenance – Inspection and maintenance of BMPs are required by the SWMP. Evaluate the BMPs that will be implemented and allocate the necessary resources to provide for timely and thorough inspections and maintenance. 2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 3.0 Types of Best Management Practices Erosion Control – any source control practice that protects the soil surface and/or strengthens the subsurface in order to prevent soil particles from being detached by rain or wind, thus controlling raindrop, sheet, and/or rill erosion. Drainage Control – any practice that reduces or eliminates gully, channel, and stream erosion by minimizing, diverting, or conveying runoff through engineered systems. Sediment Control – any practice that traps the soil particles after they have been detached and moved by wind or water. Sediment control measures are usually passive systems that rely on filtering or settling the particles out of the water or wind that is transporting them prior to leaving the site boundary. Non-Stormwater Control – any general site and materials management measure that indirectly aids in minimization of erosion and pollution of water. Types of pollution sources include, but are not limited to, litter, oil and grease, hazardous material spills, and sediment. 3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 4.0 Principles and practices of erosion control Types of erosion Splash Energy from the raindrop dislodges soil particles and initiates the erosion process. Sheet Uniform removal of saturated soil particles. Rill Long, narrow incisions in the soil caused by increased runoff velocities. Gully Deep, wide incisions caused by concentrated flow. Streambank Bank sloughing, toe cutting in a natural drainage pattern. Factors affecting erosion Soil type The primary soil property that affects erosiveness is the cohesiveness of the soil. While there are other factors, this is the most dominant factor when considering temporary erosion controls. The generalized soil triangle shows the break between soils that can be considered cohesive or noncohesive soils. This rule of thumb has to be applied with good professional judgment. Vegetation Vegetation is the primary permanent erosion control for un-stabilized exposed surfaces. Anytime the existing vegetation is removed, there is immediate potential for wind and water erosion. Therefore, any un-vegetated surface should be treated with an appropriate BMP to prevent surface erosion. The appropriate BMP depends on the other factors affecting erosion. Climate The key climatic factors affecting erosion are rainfall intensity, duration, and return frequency, which in turn determine soil particle detachment and transport in runoff. Other climatic properties, such as temperature and growing season, have more to do with reestablishing permanent erosion controls. Topography The slope and length of slope have a direct influence on the transport of dislodged sediment and soil particles down slope. Even very erosive soils on flat slopes will not produce large amounts of sediment because there is not sufficient potential gravitational force to accelerate the surface runoff to velocities that will suspend and transport sediments. As slopes become steeper, the velocity of flow of surface runoff increases with a subsequent increase in sediment loads. That is why velocity management is a critical part of any erosion control practice. 4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 5.0 Erosion control concepts Surface protection Protecting the soil surface will help minimize the amount of soil that is detached and transported as sediment. Minimization of concentrated flows Concentrated flows generate more energy and velocity than sheet flows. Greater depths and velocity generate more erosion and suspension of eroded materials. If concentrated flows develop, BMPs, such as check dams, can be used to reduce the velocity. Where concentrated flows are directed to uniform surfaces, level spreaders can be used to reestablish sheet flows. Velocity reduction Velocity reduction is a key component of BMP strategies. Control measures such as rock check dams, wattles, etc., are placed perpendicular to the direction of flow, whether sheet flow or concentrated flow, to slow the velocity of the water. The BMP type must be selected based on the anticipated depth, velocity, and frequency of flows over the surface or in the channel. Sediment capture Effective sediment control measures are designed and implemented to slow the runoff velocity and retain the sediment-laden water to allow soil particles to fall from suspension and settle out of the runoff. This will facilitate transport reduction and thereby the quantities of sediment that leave the site. Runoff management Runoff management tools are designed to utilize proper grading, diversions, barriers, or interceptor ditches to minimize concentrated flows and divert runoff away from denuded slopes or other critical areas. This can be done by minimizing slope steepness and length through the use of terraces, interceptor berms or ditches or diversion ditches. The concept is to divert clean runoff before it becomes sediment laden. 5 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 6.0 Selection and implementation of controls Implementation of BMPs will be successful if used appropriately, taking into account a number of factors. The following are guidelines recommended in determining the appropriate BMPs for the site: 1. Determine the limits of clearing and grubbing. If the entire site will not undergo excavation and grading, the boundaries of cut-and-fill operations should be defined. Buffer strips of natural vegetation may be utilized as a control measure. 2. Define the layout of buildings and roads. This will have been decided previously as part of the general development plan. If building layout is not final, the road areas stabilized with pavement and the drainage features related to roads should be defined as they relate to the plan. 3. Determine permanent drainage features. The location of permanent channels, storm sewers, roadside swales, and stormwater quality controls such as ponds, wetlands, grassed-lined swales, buffer strips, and areas of porous pavement, if known, should be defined. 4. Determine extent of temporary channel diversions. If permanent channel improvements are a part of the plan, the route, sizing, and lining needed for temporary channel diversions should be determined. Location and type of temporary channel crossings can be assessed. 5. Determine the boundaries of watersheds. The size of drainage basins will determine the types of sediment controls to be used. Areas located off site that contribute overland flow runoff must be assessed. Measures to limit the size of upland overland flow areas, such as run-on diversions, may be initially considered at this stage. 6. Select erosion controls. All areas exposed will require a control measure be defined dependent on the duration of exposure. These can be selected based on the schedule of construction. 7. Select sediment controls. Areas greater than 5 acres will require the installation of sediment basins. Consideration can be given to dividing large drainage basins into sub-areas, each served by a sediment basin. 8. Determine staging areas. The schedule of construction will determine what areas must be disturbed at various stages throughout the development plan. The opportunity for staging cut-and-fill operations to minimize the period of exposure of soils can be assessed. The sequence for installing sediment controls and erosion controls can also be determined at this time. 9. Identify locations of topsoil and other stockpiles. 10. Identify location of construction roads, access points, and material storage areas. Once BMPs have been selected, each control should be incorporated into a site-specific plan drawing as a requirement of the SWMP. Each of the following BMPs includes design criteria (to properly locate and size each control) and construction specifications (to properly install the control with the appropriate materials and methods), if applicable. 6 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 7.0 Inspection and maintenance All BMPs must be properly inspected and maintained throughout the life of the entire operation according to the “Maintenance Considerations” section in each of the following BMPs. In general, the maintenance program should provide for inspection of BMPs on a regular basis in accordance with the SWMP. Inspection of BMPs should also occur as soon as possible after major rainfall events, particularly at sensitive areas in proximity to a perennial drainage. The inspection should include repair or replacement of the BMPs, where needed, to ensure effective and efficient operation. 7 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 8.0 References Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), Erosion and Pollution Control Manual. February, 2005. <http://www.azdot.gov/ADOT_and/Storm_Water/Erosion_Pollution_Control_Manual.asp> California Stormwater Quality Association, Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP) Handbook – Construction. January, 2003. <http://www.cabmphandbooks.com/Construction.asp> City of Knoxville, Stormwater Engineering, Knoxville BMP Manual - Best Management Practices. July 2003. <http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/engineering> Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. <http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Upland Erosion Control, Revegetation, and Maintenance Plan. January 2003. Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> Maine Department of Conservation, Best Management Practices for Forestry: Protecting Maine’s Water Quality. Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management Division. Augusta, Maine. 2004. <http://www.state.me.us/doc/mfs/pubs/pdf/bmp_manual/bmp_manual.pdf> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> South Dakota Department of Transportation – Water Quality Enhancement Program, Construction Field Manual – Construction Site Management and Erosion and Sediment Control. South Dakota. United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Engineering and Design - Handbook for the Preparation of Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans for Construction Activities. February 1997. <http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-pamphlets/ep1110-1-16/> United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Field Office Technical Guide. 2002. <www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg> United States Department of the Interior and United States Department of Agriculture. Surface Operating Standards and Guidelines for Oil and Gas Exploration and Development “Gold Book.” BLM/WO/ST-06/021+3071. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Denver, Colorado. Fourth Edition, 2006. 8 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc DIVERSION (D) NOT TO SCALE CULVERT WELL HEADS DETENTION POND (DP) CUT SLOPE EROSION CONTROL FILL SLOPE EROSION CONTROL CULVERT (C) NAT U R A L D R A I N A G E FRACING PIT DRILLING PIT SURFACE WATER FLOW SURFACE WATER FLOW TURNOUT (TO) SEDIMENT CONTROL (i.e. CHECK DAM (CD)) CROWN INSLOPE RUN ON DIVERSION (ROD) EROSION CONTROL (i.e. EROSION CONTROL BLANKET (ECB)) BERM (B) RUN ON DIVERSION (ROD) WELL HEADS FRACING PIT DRILLING PIT DETENTION POND (DP)BERM (B) CROWN INSLOPE SEDIMENT CONTROL (i.e. SEDIMENT TRAP (ST)) (TYP.) LEGEND RIPRAP (R) VEGETATED BUFFER (VB) CHECK DAM (CD) SEDIMENT TRAP (ST) GROUND SURFACE CONTOUR (BEFORE CONSTRUCTION) FLOW SURFACE WATER FLOW CUT SLOPE FILL SLOPE ROADSIDE DITCH (RSD) DIVERSION (D) OR (ROD) BERM (B) TOPSOIL STOCKPILE (TS) EROSION CONTROL BLANKET (ECB) WATTLE (W) SEDIMENT CONTROL OPTIONS CHECK DAM (CD) FILTER BERM (FB) SEDIMENT TRAP (ST) SILT FENCE (SF) WATTLE (W) EROSION CONTROL OPTIONS EROSION CONTROL BLANKET (ECB) HYDRAULIC MULCHING (HM) MULCHING (M) RETAINING WALL (RW) REVEGETATION (RV) RIPRAP (R) SURFACE ROUGHENING (SR) TERRACING (T) WATTLE (W) EROSION CONTROL (i.e. WATTLE (W)) (TYP.) GATHERING LINE GATHERING LINE DRWN:DATE: Storm Water Manual of Best Management Practices Encana, Parachute, Colorado SITE ISOMETRIC FLAT AND GENTLY SLOPING TERRAIN 05/30/08 FIGURE SI-1E.S.S./GOL WATTLE (W)(TYP.) TOPSOIL STOCKPILE (SP) SEDIMENT RESERVOIR (SEDR) WATTLE (W)(TYP.)VEGETATED BUFFER OR SEDIMENT CONTROL (i.e. WATTLE (W))(TYP.)SEDIMENT RESERVOIR (SEDR) SEDIMENT CONTROL (i.e. SEDIMENT TRAP (ST)) (TYP.) EROSION CONTROL (i.e. WATTLE (W)) (TYP.) C U T S L O P E E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( S ) ( i . e . T E R R A C I N G ) VEGETATED BUFFER (VB) W E L L H E A D S F R A C I N G P I T D R I L L I N G P I T F I L L S L O P E E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( S ) ( i . e . T E R R A C I N G ) TOPSOI L S T O C K P I L E ( S P ) D I V E R S I O N ( D ) R U N O N D I V E R S I O N ( R O D ) S T R E A M B E R M ( B ) ROADSIDEDITCH (RSD)ROADSIDEDITCH (RSD) B E R M ( B ) D E T E N T I O N P O N D ( D P ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) ) ( T Y P . ) C U T S L O P E F I L L S L O P E R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) D I V E R S I O N ( D ) O R ( R O D ) B E R M ( B ) T O P S O I L S T O C K P I L E ( T S ) W A T T L E ( W ) L E G E N D R I P R A P ( R ) V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) F L O W GATHERING LINE E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . R I P R A P ( R ) ) INSLOPE S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L O P T I O N S C H E C K D A M ( C D ) F I L T E R B E R M ( F B ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) S I L T F E N C E ( S F ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L O P T I O N S E R O S I O N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) H Y D R A U L I C M U L C H I N G ( H M ) M U L C H I N G ( M ) R E T A I N I N G W A L L ( R W ) R E V E G E T A T I O N ( R V ) R I P R A P ( R ) S U R F A C E R O U G H E N I N G ( S R ) T E R R A C I N G ( T ) W A T T L E ( W ) D R W N : D A T E : S t o r m W a t e r M a n u a l o f B e s t M a n a g e m e n t P r a c t i c e s E n c a n a , P a r a c h u t e , C o l o r a d o S I T E I S O M E T R I C S T E E P T E R R A I N 0 6 / 0 6 / 0 8 F I G U R E S I - 2 E . S . S . / G O L S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . W A T T L E S ( W ) ) ( T Y P . ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . W A T T L E S ( W ) ) ( T Y P . ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) ) ( T Y P . ) S E D I M E N T R E S E R V O I R ( S E D R ) N O T T O S C A L E N A T U R A L D R A I N A G E S U R F A C E W A T E R F L O W SURFA C E WATE R FLO W R U N O N D I V E R S I O N ( R O D ) L E G E N D P R O P O S E D R O A D A N D W E L L P A D S G R O U N D S U R F A C E C O N T O U R ( B E F O R E C O N S T R U C T I O N ) D I V E R S I O N ( D ) O R ( R O D ) V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) R I P R A P ( R ) C H E C K D A M ( C D ) W A T T L E ( W ) RUN ON DIVERSION (ROD)COUNTY ROADSEDIMEN T R E S E R V O I R ( S E D R ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) ) ( T Y P . ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L O P T I O N S C H E C K D A M ( C D ) F I L T E R B E R M ( F B ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) S I L T F E N C E ( S F ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L O P T I O N S E R O S I O N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) H Y D R A U L I C M U L C H I N G ( H M ) M U L C H I N G ( M ) R E T A I N I N G W A L L ( R W ) R E V E G E T A T I O N ( R V ) R I P R A P ( R ) S U R F A C E R O U G H E N I N G ( S R ) T E R R A C I N G ( T ) W A T T L E ( W ) VEGETATED BUFFER V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R D R W N : D A T E : S t o r m W a t e r M a n u a l o f B e s t M a n a g e m e n t P r a c t i c e s E n c a n a , P a r a c h u t e , C o l o r a d o S I T E P L A N P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N 0 5 / 3 0 / 0 8 F I G U R E S P - 0 E . S . S . / G O L WATTLE (W) S E D I M E N T R E S E R V O I R ( S E D R ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . W A T T L E ( W ) ) ( T Y P . ) SEDIMENT CONTROL(i.e. SEDIMENT TRAP (ST)) (TYP.)EROSION CONTROL(i.e. WATTLE (W))(TYP.) D E T E N T I O N P O N D ( D P ) F R A C I N G P I T D R I L L I N G P I T D I V E R S I O N ( D ) ROADS I D E DITCH ( R S D ) B E R M ( B ) N O T T O S C A L E CULVERT (C)WELL HEA D S D E T E N T I O N P O N D ( D P ) C U T S L O P E E R O S I O N C O N T R O L F I L L S L O P E E R O S I O N C O N T R O L C U L V E R T ( C ) C U L V E R T ( C ) C U L V E R T ( C ) BERM (B)TOPSOIL STOCK P I L E ( S P ) N A T U R A L D R A I N A G E D-1FRACI N G PIT D R I L L I N G P I T S U R F A C E W A T E R F L O W S U R F A C E W A T E R F L O W W E L L H E A D S TURNOUT (TO)SEDIMENT CONTROL(i.e. CHECK DAM (CD)) (TYP.)CROWN C R O W N I N S L O P E I N S L O P E I N S L O P E I N S L O P E CROWN R U N O N D I V E R S I O N ( R O D ) EROSION CONTROL(i.e. WATTLE (W))(TYP.) G R O U N D S U R F A C E CONTOUR ( B E F O R E C O N S T R U C T I O N ) C U T S L O P E F I L L S L O P E R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) D I V E R S I O N ( D ) O R ( R O D ) B E R M ( B ) T O P S O I L S T O C K P I L E ( T S ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) W A T T L E ( W ) L E G E N D D - 2 D - 3 D - 4 D - 5 R I P R A P ( R ) V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) C H E C K D A M ( C D ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) G R O U N D S U R F A C E C O N T O U R ( B E F O R E C O N S T R U C T I O N ) F L O W RUN ON DIVERSION (ROD)BERM (B)STABILIZED CONSTRUCTIONENTRANCE (SCE)COUNTY ROADROAD B E R M ( B ) VEGETATEDBUFFEROR SEDIMENTCONTROL(i.e. WATTLE(W))SURFACEWATERFLOW D - 6 G A T H E R I N G L I N E G A T H E R I N G L I N E S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L O P T I O N S C H E C K D A M ( C D ) F I L T E R B E R M ( F B ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) S I L T F E N C E ( S F ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L O P T I O N S E R O S I O N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) H Y D R A U L I C M U L C H I N G ( H M ) M U L C H I N G ( M ) R E T A I N I N G W A L L ( R W ) R E V E G E T A T I O N ( R V ) R I P R A P ( R ) S U R F A C E R O U G H E N I N G ( S R ) T E R R A C I N G ( T ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N R O L O N S T E E P S L O P E S D R W N : D A T E : S t o r m W a t e r M a n u a l o f B e s t M a n a g e m e n t P r a c t i c e s E n c a n a , P a r a c h u t e , C o l o r a d o S I T E P L A N F L A T A N D G E N T L Y S L O P I N G T E R R A I N 0 6 / 0 6 / 0 8 F I G U R E S P - 1 E . S . S . / G O L S E D I M E N T R E S E R V O I R ( S E D R ) W A T T L E ( W ) ( T Y P . ) T O P S O I L S T O C K P I L E ( S P ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L O N F I L L S L O P E S N E A R C U L V E R T S SEDIMENT RES E R V O I R ( S E D R ) EROSION CONTROL(i.e. EROSION CONTROLBLANKET (ECB))SEDIMENT CONTROL(i.e. SEDIMENT TRAP (ST))(TYP.) W A T T L E ( W ) ( T Y P . ) W A T T L E ( W ) ( T Y P . ) S L A S H ( S L ) D I V E R S I O N ( D ) C U T F I L L W E L L P A D B E R M ( B ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . T E R R A C I N G ( T ) ) R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) B E R M ( B ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L W H E N C L O S E P R O X I M I T Y T O S C R E A M S T R E A M C U T S L O P E E R O S I O N C O N T R O L V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) W E L L H E A D S F R A C I N G P I T D R I L L I N G P I T F I L L S L O P E E R O S I O N C O N T R O L D E T E N T I O N P O N D ( D P ) D I V E R S I O N ( D ) R U N O N D I V E R S I O N ( R O D ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) ) ( T Y P . ) S T R E A M B E R M ( B ) R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) ) ( T Y P . ) B E R M ( B ) V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) R U N O N D I V E R S I O N ( R O D ) F R A C I N G P I T T O P S O I L S T O C K P I L E ( S P ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L W H E N I N P R O X I M I T Y T O S T R E A M C U T S L O P E F I L L S L O P E R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) D I V E R S I O N ( D ) O R ( R O D ) B E R M ( B ) T O P S O I L S T O C K P I L E ( T S ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) W A T T L E ( W ) L E G E N D R I P R A P ( R ) V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) C H E C K D A M ( C D ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) G R O U N D S U R F A C E C O N T O U R ( B E F O R E C O N S T R U C T I O N ) F L O W W A T T L E ( W ) ( T Y P . ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L O P T I O N S C H E C K D A M ( C D ) F I L T E R B E R M ( F B ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) S I L T F E N C E ( S F ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L O P T I O N S E R O S I O N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) H Y D R A U L I C M U L C H I N G ( H M ) M U L C H I N G ( M ) R E T A I N I N G W A L L ( R W ) R E V E G E T A T I O N ( R V ) R I P R A P ( R ) S U R F A C E R O U G H E N I N G ( S R ) T E R R A C I N G ( T ) W A T T L E ( W ) N O T T O S C A L E E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . T E R R A C I N G ( T ) ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . W A T T L E ( W ) ) ( T Y P . ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . R I P R A P ( R ) ) G A T H E R I N G L I N E D A T E : D R W N : S t o r m W a t e r M a n u a l o f B e s t M a n a g e m e n t P r a c t i c e s E n c a n a , P a r a c h u t e , C o l o r a d o S I T E P L A N S T E E P T E R R A I N 0 6 / 0 6 / 0 8 F I G U R E S P - 2 E . S . S . / G O L T O P S O I L S T O C K P I L E ( S P ) S E D I M E N T R E S E R V O I R ( S E D R ) D I V E R S I O N ( D ) N O T T O S C A L E C U T S L O P E F I L L S L O P E C U T S L O P E FILLSLOPE R O A D ( § 8 % ) P A D A C C E S S R O A D C R O W N R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) S E D I M E N T C O N T O L ( i . e . C H E C K D A M ( C D ) ) ( T Y P . ) S U R F A C E W A T E R F L O W S U R F A C E W A T E R F L O W SURFA C E WATE R FLO W T U R N O U T ( T O ) R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) C R O W N COUNTY ROAD STABILIZEDCONSTRUCTIONENTRANCE (SCE)TURNOUT ( T O ) VEGETATED BU F F E R OR SEDIMENT CON T R O L (i.e. WATTLE(W)) ( T Y P . ) G A T H E R I N G L I N E SLASH AND/OREROSION CONTROL S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L O P T I O N S C H E C K D A M ( C D ) F I L T E R B E R M ( F B ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) S I L T F E N C E ( S F ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L O P T I O N S E R O S I O N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) H Y D R A U L I C M U L C H I N G ( H M ) M U L C H I N G ( M ) R E T A I N I N G W A L L ( R W ) R E V E G E T A T I O N ( R V ) R I P R A P ( R ) S U R F A C E R O U G H E N I N G ( S R ) T E R R A C I N G ( T ) W A T T L E ( W ) D A T E : D R W N : S t o r m W a t e r M a n u a l o f B e s t M a n a g e m e n t P r a c t i c e s E n c a n a , P a r a c h u t e , C o l o r a d o A C C E S S R O A D I N T E R S E C T I O N W E L L P A D B E L O W R O A D 0 6 / 0 6 / 0 8 F I G U R E D - 1 E . S . S . / G O L SEDIMENT CONTR O L (i.e. WATTLE(W)) (TY P . ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . C H E C K D A M ( C D ) ) N O T T O S C A L E V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) F I L L S L O P E ROADSIDE DITC H ( R S D ) S L O P E D R A I N ( S D ) I F D I S C H A R G E I S O N S T E E P S L O P E S C R O W N R O A D S L O P E SEDIMENT C O N T R O L (i.e. SEDIMENT T R A P ( S T ) & CHECK D A M ( C D ) ) F I L L S L O P E C U T S L O P E B E R M ( B ) P A D A C C E S S R O A D R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) SURF A C E WAT E R FLO W R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) S U R F A C E W A T E R F L O W ROADSIDE DITC H ( R S D ) TURNOUT (TO) I N S L O P E I N S L O P E V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) SEDIM E N T C O N T R O L (i. e . W A T T L E ( W ) ) C U L V E R T ( C ) S L A S H A N D / O R E R O S I O N C O N T R O L E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . R I P R A P ( R ) ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L O P T I O N S C H E C K D A M ( C D ) F I L T E R B E R M ( F B ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) S I L T F E N C E ( S F ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L O P T I O N S E R O S I O N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) H Y D R A U L I C M U L C H I N G ( H M ) M U L C H I N G ( M ) R E T A I N I N G W A L L ( R W ) R E V E G E T A T I O N ( R V ) R I P R A P ( R ) S U R F A C E R O U G H E N I N G ( S R ) T E R R A C I N G ( T ) W A T T L E ( W ) G A T H E R I N G L I N E D A T E : D R W N : S t o r m W a t e r M a n u a l o f B e s t M a n a g e m e n t P r a c t i c e s E n c a n a , P a r a c h u t e , C o l o r a d o A C C E S S R O A D I N T E R S E C T I O N W E L L P A D A B O V E R O A D 0 6 / 0 6 / 0 8 F I G U R E D - 2 E . S . S . / G O L E R O S I O N C O N T R O L I N F I L L S L O P E S N E A R C U L V E R T S E R O S I O N C O N T R O L (i.e. EROSIO N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) ) T O P S O I L S T O C K P I L E ( S P ) R U N O N D I V E R S I O N ( R O D ) D I V E R S I O N ( D ) F R A C O R D R I L L P I T C U T F I L L W E L L P A D D E T E N T I O N P O N D ( D P ) B E R M ( B ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . T E R R A C I N G ( T ) ) D I V E R S I O N ( D ) B E R M ( B ) W E L L P A D W I D E B E R M ( B ) W I T H I N R O A D W A Y P A D A C C E S S R O A D F R A C I N G P I T D I V E R S I O N ( D ) W I T H C H E C K D A M S ( C D ) D I V E R S I O N ( D ) F I L L S L O P E E R O S I O N C O N T R O L R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) B E R M ( B ) S U R F A C E W A T E R F L O W C U T S L O P E E R O S I O N C O N T R O L S U R F A C E W A T E R F L O W D E T E N T I O N P O N D ( D P ) D R I L L I N G P I T B E R M ( B ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) ) ( T Y P . ) B E R M ( B ) S E D I M E N T R E S E R V O I R ( S E D R ) S U R F A C E W A T E R F L O W R U N O N D I V E R S I O N ( R O D ) W E L L H E A D S V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) I N S L O P E E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . T E R R A C I N G ( T ) ) S L A S H A N D / O R E R O S I O N C O N T R O L G A T H E R I N G L I N E S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . W A T T L E ( W ) ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . W A T T L E ( W ) ) ( T Y P . ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L O P T I O N S C H E C K D A M ( C D ) F I L T E R B E R M ( F B ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) S I L T F E N C E ( S F ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L O P T I O N S E R O S I O N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) H Y D R A U L I C M U L C H I N G ( H M ) M U L C H I N G ( M ) R E T A I N I N G W A L L ( R W ) R E V E G E T A T I O N ( R V ) R I P R A P ( R ) S U R F A C E R O U G H E N I N G ( S R ) T E R R A C I N G ( T ) W A T T L E ( W ) D A T E : D R W N : S t o r m W a t e r M a n u a l o f B e s t M a n a g e m e n t P r a c t i c e s E n c a n a , P a r a c h u t e , C o l o r a d o W E L L P A D F I G U R E D - 3 0 6 / 0 6 / 0 8 E . S . S . / G O L N O T T O S C A L E T O P S O I L S T O C K P I L E ( S P ) W A T T L E ( W ) W A T T L E ( W ) STREAM ROADSIDE DITCH (RSD) VEGETATED BUFFER (VB) EROSION CONTROL ON STEEP SLOPES FILL SLOPE EROSION CONTROL (i.e. EROSION BLANKET (ECB) AND REVEGETATION (RV)) CUT SLOPE GATHERING LINE CULVERT (C)ROAD SLOPE SLASH AND OR EROSION CONTROL ROADSIDE DITCH (RSD) GATHERING LINE SLASH AND/OR EROSION CONTROL CUT FILL ROAD INSLOPE CULVERT (C) SLOPE DRAIN (SD) IF DISCHARGE IS ON STEEP SLOPES STREAM INSLOPE VEGETATED BUFFER (VB) SURFACE WATER FLOW SEDIMENT CONTROL (i.e. SEDIMENT TRAP (ST)) EROSION CONTROL (i.e. RIPRAP (R)) CULVERT PROTECTION (CP) EROSION CONTROL (i.e. RIPRAP (R)) SEDIMENT CONTROL OPTIONS CHECK DAM (CD) FILTER BERM (FB) SEDIMENT TRAP (ST) SILT FENCE (SF) WATTLE (W) EROSION CONTROL OPTIONS EROSION CONTROL BLANKET (ECB) HYDRAULIC MULCHING (HM) MULCHING (M) RETAINING WALL (RW) REVEGETATION (RV) RIPRAP (R) SURFACE ROUGHENING (SR) TERRACING (T) WATTLE (W) BACKFILL WINDROW EROSION CONTROL (i.e. RIPRAP (R)) EROSION CONTROL (i.e. RIPRAP (R)) DATE:DRWN: Storm Water Manual of Best Management Practices Encana, Parachute, Colorado ROAD PARALLEL TO GATHERING LINE AND STREAM FIGURE D-406/06/08 E.S.S.\GOL NOT TO SCALE C U L V E R T ( C ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . R I P R A P ( R ) ) S E D I M E N T C O N T O L ( i . e . C H E C K D A M ( C D ) O R S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) ) A B O V E F L O O D P L A I N E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . E R O S I O N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) A N D W A T T L E S ( W ) ) S T R E A M R O A D ( § 8 % ) T U R N O U T V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) I N S L O P E I N S L O P E P L A N V I E W E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . R I P R A P ( R ) ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . R I P R A P ( R ) ) C U L V E R T ( C ) R O A D E R O S I O N C O N T R O L O N S T E E P S L O P E S F I L L S E C T I O N V I E W R O A D ( § 8 % ) P R O F I L E V I E W S L I G H T M O U N D O V E R C U L V E R T C U L V E R T ( C ) R O A D R O A D 4 0 ' M I N . F I L L S L O P E R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) S U R F A C E W A T E R F L O W S U R F A C E W A T E R F L O W E R O S I O N C O N T R O L O N S T E E P S L O P E S R O A D S I D E D I T C H ( R S D ) S L O P E D R A I N ( S D ) I F D I S C H A R G E I S O N S T E E P S L O P E S S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L O P T I O N S C H E C K D A M ( C D ) F I L T E R B E R M ( F B ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) S I L T F E N C E ( S F ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L O P T I O N S E R O S I O N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) H Y D R A U L I C M U L C H I N G ( H M ) M U L C H I N G ( M ) R E T A I N I N G W A L L ( R W ) R E V E G E T A T I O N ( R V ) R I P R A P ( R ) S U R F A C E R O U G H E N I N G ( S R ) T E R R A C I N G ( T ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . R I P R A P ( R ) ) V E G E T A T E D B U F F E R ( V B ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L ( i . e . R I P R A P ( R ) ) D A T E : D R W N : S t o r m W a t e r M a n u a l o f B e s t M a n a g e m e n t P r a c t i c e s E n c a n a , P a r a c h u t e , C o l o r a d o 4 0 4 S T R E A M C R O S S I N G F I G U R E D - 5 0 6 / 0 6 / 0 8 E . S . S . / G O L N O T T O S C A L E T E M P O R A R Y B R I D G E F L U M E S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . W A T T L E ( W ) ) V E G E T A T I O N B U F F E R M O V A B L E S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . W A T T L E W / H A N D L E S ) V E G E T A T I O N B U F F E R T R E N C H B R E A K E R ( T B ) ( I . E . S A N D B A G S ) G A T H E R I N G L I N E T R E N C H S T R E A M M O V A B L E S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . W A T T L E W / H A N D L E S ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L ( i . e . W A T T L E ( W ) ) G A T H E R I N G L I N E R I G H T - O F - W A Y T R E N C H B R E A K E R ( T B ) ( i . e . S A N D B A G S ) ( T Y P . ) S E D I M E N T C O N T R O L O P T I O N S C H E C K D A M ( C D ) F I L T E R B E R M ( F B ) S E D I M E N T T R A P ( S T ) S I L T F E N C E ( S F ) W A T T L E ( W ) E R O S I O N C O N T R O L O P T I O N S E R O S I O N C O N T R O L B L A N K E T ( E C B ) H Y D R A U L I C M U L C H I N G ( H M ) M U L C H I N G ( M ) R E T A I N I N G W A L L ( R W ) R E V E G E T A T I O N ( R V ) R I P R A P ( R ) S U R F A C E R O U G H E N I N G ( S R ) T E R R A C I N G ( T ) W A T T L E ( W ) N O T E : A F T E R T R E N C H I S B A C K - F I L L E D , R E V E G E T A T E E N T I R E R I G H T - O F - W A Y A N D C O V E R W I T H S L A S H A N D / O R O T H E R E R O S I O N C O N T R O L . . D A T E : D R W N : S t o r m W a t e r M a n u a l o f B e s t M a n a g e m e n t P r a c t i c e s E n c a n a , P a r a c h u t e , C o l o r a d o G A T H E R I N G L I N E C R O S S I N G S T R E A M ( D U R I N G C O N S T R U C T I O N C O N D I T I O N ) F I G U R E D - 6 0 6 / 0 6 / 0 8 E . S . S . / G O L N O T T O S C A L E Erosion Control BMPs Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) Hydraulic Mulching (HM) Land Grading (LG) – Roads Low Water Crossing (LWC) Mulching (M) Retaining Wall (RW) Revegetation (RV) Riprap (R) Soil Stabilizers (SS) Stockpiling (SP) – Topsoil and Subsoil Surface Roughening (SR) Terracing (T) Turf Reinforcement Mat (TRM) Vegetated Buffer (VB) Wattles (W) June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) Description Erosion control blankets are porous fabrics and are manufactured by weaving or bonding fibers made from organic or synthetic materials. Erosion control blankets are installed on steep slopes, over berms, or in channels to prevent erosion until final vegetation is established. However, blankets can also be used as separators or to aid in plant growth by holding seeds, fertilizers, and topsoil in place. Applicability Erosion control blankets may be used in the following applications: • To control erosion on steep slopes and to promote the establishment of vegetation. • To stabilize channels against erosion from concentrated flows. • To protect berms and diversions prior to the establishment of vegetation. • To protect exposed soils immediately and temporarily, such as when active piles of soil are left overnight. • As a separator between riprap and soil to prevent soil from being eroded from beneath the riprap and to maintain the riprap's base. • May be used on slopes as steep as 1:1. Limitations • Blankets used on slopes should be biodegradable, or photodegradable, non-toxic to vegetation or germination of seed, and non-toxic or injurious to humans. • Should not be used on slopes where vegetation is already established. • Some blankets might promote increased runoff and might blow away if not firmly anchored. • If the fabric is not properly selected, designed, or installed, the effectiveness may be reduced drastically. Manufacturer’s specifications should be followed. ECB-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Design criteria There are many types of erosion control blankets available. Therefore, the selected fabric should match its purpose. Effective netting and matting require firm, continuous contact between the materials and the soil. If there is no contact, the material will not hold the soil, and erosion will occur underneath the material. Fabric should be purchased at an appropriate with to cover the whole width of the channel, if possible. Table ECB-1 indicates some recommended criteria for the selection of erosion control blankets. Construction specifications 1. Smooth soil prior to installation and apply seed prior to fabric installation for stabilization of construction sites. 2. Select the appropriate fabric type. North American Green products are listed in Table ECB-1. However, other products may also be used. Site specifics shall dictate blanket selection and use. 3. Select the appropriate seed mix according to the specification in Revegetation (RV). 4. Installation of the blankets shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and according to Figure ECB-1. For blankets being placed in channels, the fabric should be rolled out parallel to the channel if the width is sufficient to cover the entire width of the channel. The fabric needs to be in continuous contact with exposed soil. 5. Pins or staples shall be made of wire 0.162 inch or larger in diameter. “U” shaped staples shall have legs 8” long, and a 1” crown. “T” shaped pins shall have a minimum length of 8”. The bar of the “T” shall be at least 4” long. Triangular survey stakes can also be used. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Inspections should determine if cracks, tears, or breaches have formed in the fabric. If the effectiveness of the BMP has been reduced, the fabric should be repaired or replaced immediately. Re-anchor loosened matting and replace missing matting and staples as required. It is necessary to maintain contact between the ground and the blanket at all times. Trapped sediment should be removed after each storm event. References Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> North American Green, 2004. <http://www.nagreen.com> ECB-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Table ECB-1 Suggested Blanket Types Description (North American Green Product #) Longevity Applications Max. Flow Velocity (feet/sec.) Single Net Straw Blanket (S75) 12 months Rapid Degrading Net (DS75) 45 - 60 Days 4:1 - 3:1 Slopes Low Flow Channels 5 Double Net Straw Blanket (S150) 12 months Rapid Degrading Nets (DS150) 45 - 60 Days 3:1 - 2:1 Slopes Moderate Flow Channels 6 Double Net Blanket 70% Straw/30% Coconut (SC150) 24 months 2:1 - 1:1 Slopes Medium Flow Channels 8 Double Net Blanket 100% Coconut (C125) 36 months 1:1 & Greater Slopes High Flow Channels 10 Double Net Blanket Polypropylene Fiber (P300) 1:1 Slopes Extended Flow Areas High Flow Channels 9 (unveg.) 16 (veg.) Organic Net (S75BN) 12 months 4:1 - 3:1 Slopes Low Flow Channels 5 Organic Net (S150BN) 12 months 3:1 - 2:1 Slopes Moderate Flow Channels 6 Organic Net (SC150BN) 18 months 2:1 - 1:1 Slopes Medium Flow Channels 8 Organic Net (C125BN) 24 months 1:1 & Greater Slopes High Flow Channels 10 ECB-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure ECB-1 Erosion Control Blanket Installation ECB-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Hydraulic Mulching (HM) Description Hydraulic mulching (hydro-mulching) is a temporary erosion control practice in which materials such as grass, hay, wood chips, wood fibers, straw, or gravel are hydraulically applied to exposed or recently planted soil surfaces. Hydraulic mulching stabilizes soils by minimizing rainfall impact and reducing stormwater runoff velocity. When used in combination with seeding or planting, hydraulic mulching can aid plant growth by holding seeds, fertilizers, and topsoil in place, preventing birds from eating seeds, retaining moisture, and insulating plant roots against extreme temperatures. Hydraulic application of mulch (as well as seed) can be done quickly and efficiently with the correct equipment and ingredients. Applicability Hydraulic mulching is often used in steep areas where regular mulching is difficult because of environmental constraints. Hydraulic mulches can be used on seeded and planted areas where slopes are as steep as 1:1. Limitations • Hydro-mulching might delay seed germination because the cover changes soil surface temperatures. • The mulch itself is subject to erosion and may be washed away in a large storm. • Maintenance is necessary to ensure that hydro-mulch provides effective erosion control. • Hydraulic application of mulch must be done when no rainfall is expected, preferably within a 24-hour time period. Design criteria No formal design is required. HM-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Construction specifications 1. Site preparation: a. Prior to mulching, install the necessary temporary or permanent erosion control practices and drainage systems within or adjacent to the area to be mulched. b. Slope, grade, and smooth the site to fit needs of selected mulch products. c. Remove all undesirable stones and other debris to meet the needs of the anticipated land use and maintenance required. 2. Hydraulic mulching: a. For steep slopes an Erosion Control Mulch (ECM) consisting of a hydraulic matrix such as a Bonded Fiber Matrix (BFM) or Flexible Growth Medium (FGM) may be used. A BFM refers to a continuous layer of elongated wood fiber strands that are held together by a water-resistant bonding agent to form a water-absorbing crust. b. The ECM shall be a hydraulically-applied, flexible erosion control blanket composed of long strand, thermally refined wood fibers, crimped, interlocking fibers, and performance enhancing additives. The ECM shall require no curing time period and upon application shall form an intimate bond with the soil surface to create a continuous, porous, absorbent and erosion resistant blanket that allows for rapid germination and accelerated plant growth. c. The ECM shall conform to the property values in Table HM-1 when uniformly applied at a rate of 3500 pounds per acre (3900 kilograms/hectare) under laboratory conditions. Composition shall be as follows: Thermally Processed Wood Fibers: 74.5% ± 2.5% Crosslinked Hydro-Colloid Tackifier: 10% ± 1% Crimped, Interlocking Fibers: 5% ± 1% Moisture Content: 10.5% ± 1.5% 3. Installation: a. Strictly comply with manufacturer's installation instructions and recommendations. Use approved hydro-spraying machines with fan-type nozzle (50-degree tip) whenever possible to achieve best soil coverage. Apply ECM from opposing directions to soil surface to assure 95% soil surface coverage. Slope interruption devices or water diversion techniques are recommended when slope lengths exceed 100 ft (30m). b. Step One: Apply seed, fertilizer and other soil amendments with tackifier and a small amount of ECM for visual metering (see Revegetation (RV) for application rates). c. Step Two: Mix 50 lb of ECM per 125 gallons (23 kg/475 liters) of water; confirm loading rates with equipment manufacturer (different manufacturers rates may vary slightly). d. Install materials at the typical application rates in Table HM-2. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Areas should be identified where mulch has loosened or been removed. Such areas should be reseeded (if necessary) and the mulch cover replaced. If washout, breakage, or erosion occurs, surfaces should be repaired, reseeded, and re-mulched. Inspections should be continued until vegetation is firmly established. HM-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc References California Stormwater Quality Association, Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP) Handbook – Construction. January, 2003. <http://www.cabmphandbooks.com/Construction.asp> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Table HM-1 Property Values for Erosion Control Mulch Property Test Method1 English SI Physical Mass Per Unit Area ASTM D-6566 11.5 oz/yd2 390 g/m2 Thickness ASTM D-6525 0.19 in 4.8 mm % Ground Cover ASTM D-6567 99% 99% Flexural Rigidity (wet) ASTM D-6575 0.138 oz-in 10,000 mg-cm Color (fugitive dye) Observed Green Green Endurance Functional Longevity Observed Up to 18 months Up to 18 months Performance Cover Factor3 (6 in/hr event) ECTC Test Method #2 0.0066 0.0066 % Effectiveness3 ECTC Test Method #2 99.34% 99.34% Shear Stress ECTC Test Method #3 1 lb/ft2 48 Pa Vegetation Establishment ECTC Test Method #4 800% 800% 1. ASTM and ECTC (Erosion Control Technology Council) test methods developed for Rolled Erosion Control Products. 2. Cover Factor is calculated as soil loss ratio of treated surface versus an untreated control surface. 3. % Effectiveness = 1 minus Cover Factor multiplied by 100%. HM-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Table HM-2 Typical Mulch Application Rates Slope Gradient/Condition English SI <3H to 1V 3000 lb/ac 3400 kg/ha >3H to 1V and <2H to 1V 3500 lb/ac 3900 kg/ha >2H to 1V and <1H to 1V 4000 lb/ac 4500 kg/ha >1H to 1V 4500 lb/ac 5100 kg/ha Below ECB or TRM 1500 lb/ac 1700 kg/ha As infill for TRM 3500 lb/ac 3900 kg/ha Slope Gradient/Condition Performance Specification <3H 70-80% soil coverage, minimum 0.16 inch depth <3H to 1V 90-100% soil coverage, <2” rocks uncovered, minimum 0.19 inch depth >3H to 1V and <2H to 1V 95-100% soil coverage, <6” rocks uncovered, minimum 0.22 inch depth >2H to 1V and <1H to 1V 100% soil coverage, <12” boulders uncovered, minimum 0.22 inch depth >1H to 1V All exposed surfaces including rock outcrops shall be covered at a minimum of 0.24 inch depth Below ECB or TRM 1500-2500 lb/ac slope dependent, minimum 0.08 inch depth As infill for ECB 1500-3500 lb/ac, minimum 0.19 inch depth As infill for TRM Perpendicular application with 100% infill, minimum 0.19 inch depth HM-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Land Grading (LG) – Roads Description Land grading of roads involves reshaping the ground surface to planned grades as determined by an engineering survey, evaluation, and layout. This BMP shall include the following: • Proper road cut and fill techniques to ensure road remains stable over time. • Road crowning or sloping to properly route runoff off the roadway. • Surfacing the road with gravel to avoid mud, rutting, and large quantities of sediment that will wash away during storms. Applicability • This BMP is applicable to the construction and maintenance of any road, but particularly those located on steep topography or easily erodible soils. • Road gravel is applicable to all roads with “soft” sections, steep grades, highly erosive soils, or where all-weather access is needed. Road gravel may be used as “fill” material in ruts or as a full structural section over the entire road. Limitations • Improper cut and fill slopes that disrupt natural stormwater patterns might lead to poor drainage, high runoff velocities, and increased peak flows during storm events. • Rutting and washboarding may develop if surface gravel is not designed properly or if road is not sloped. • Flat-blading to maintain the roadway must be done properly to avoid changes in gravel thickness, road slope, and road grade. LG-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Design criteria Grading plan A grading plan should be prepared that establishes the extent to which the road will be graded, how drainage patterns will be directed, and how runoff velocities will affect receiving waters. The grading plan also includes information regarding when earthwork will start and stop, establishes the degree and length of finished slopes, and dictates where and how excess material will be disposed of (or where borrow materials will be obtained if needed). Practices must be developed for erosion control, slope stabilization, and safe disposal of runoff water and drainage, such as ditches and culverts, grade stabilization structures, retaining walls, and surface drains. Berms, roadside ditches, and other stormwater practices that require excavation and filling also should be incorporated into the grading plan. Slope failures Landslides and failed road cuts and fills can be a major source of sediment, they can close the road or require major repairs, and they can greatly increase road maintenance costs. Slope failures, or landslides, typically occur where a slope is over-steep, where fill material is not compacted, or where cuts in natural soils encounter groundwater or zones of weak material. Good road location can often avoid landslide areas and reduce slope failures. When failures do occur, the slide area should be stabilized by removing the slide material, flattening the slope, adding drainage, or using structures, as discussed below. Designs are typically site specific and may require input from geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists. Failures that occur typically impact road operations and can be costly to repair. Failures near streams and channel crossings have an added risk of impact to water quality. Road slope See Figure LG-1. All roads should be designed with one of the following three slope types: • Outsloped roads minimize the concentration of water and minimize road width by avoiding the need for an inside ditch, but may require roadway surface and fill slope stabilization. Outsloped roads with clay rich, slippery road surface materials often require surface stabilization with gravel or limited use during rainy periods to assure traffic safety. On road grades over 10 to 12 percent and on steep hill slope areas, outsloped roads are difficult to drain and can feel unsafe. • Insloped roads are the best method to control surface water. However, insloped roads also concentrate water and require a system of ditches and turnouts or cross-draining culverts. • Crowned roads are appropriate for higher standard, two lane roads on gentle grades. They may or may not require roadside ditches, turnouts, and/or cross-drains. It is difficult to create and maintain a crown on a narrow road, so generally insloped or outsloped road drainage is more effective. Construction specifications Cut and fill slopes 1. All applicable perimeter erosion and sediment control practices and measures (berms, diversions, silt fence, vegetated buffer, or wattles) shall be constructed prior to any road grading activities, and maintained in accordance with this BMP and the Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP). Perimeter controls should remain in place until all graded or disturbed areas, including slopes, are adequately stabilized. 2. All areas to be disturbed (both cut and fill) shall be cleared, grubbed, and stripped of topsoil to remove trees, vegetation, roots, or other objectionable material. LG-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 3. Fill material shall be free of brush, logs, stumps, roots, or other objectionable materials that would interfere with, or prevent, construction of satisfactory fills. This material can be set aside and later used at the toe of fill slopes as filter berms. Frozen material shall not be placed in the fill nor shall the fill material be placed on a frozen foundation. 4. Table LG-1 presents a range of commonly used cut and fill slope ratios appropriate for the soil and rock types described. Figures LG-2 and LG-3 present typical cut slope and fill slope design options for varying slope and site conditions. Vertical cut slopes should not be used unless the cut is in rock or very well cemented soil. Ideally, both cut and fill slopes should be constructed with a 2:1 or flatter slope to promote growth of vegetation, but cut slopes in dense, sterile soils or rocky material are often difficult to vegetate. 5. All fills shall be compacted as required to reduce erosion, slippage, settlement, subsidence, or other related problems. 6. Topsoil required for the establishment of vegetation shall be stockpiled in the amount necessary to complete finished grading of all exposed areas. Areas that are to be topsoiled shall be scarified to a minimum depth of 4 inches prior to placement of topsoil. 7. Terraces or contour trenches (see Terracing (T)) shall be provided whenever the vertical interval (height) of any 2:1 cut or fill slope exceeds 20 feet; for 3:1 slope it shall be increased to 30 feet and for 4:1 to 40 feet. 8. All graded cut and fill areas shall be stabilized, either structurally or vegetatively, immediately following finished grading. Some common slope stabilization options appropriate for roads include hydroseeding, hydromulching, erosion control blankets, riprap, and retaining walls. Road slope 1. See Figure LG-1. Compact soil or road base material to direct runoff. 2. If crowning a road, runoff is directed to both sides of the road requiring two roadside ditches, unless runoff will drain directly to well stabilized areas. 3. If using an inslope design, runoff is directed toward the hillside and requires a roadside ditch with periodic turnouts or cross drain culvert installation. 4. If using an outslope design, ensure a moderate road slope with dense vegetative cover. Surface gravel 1. Gradation of gravel should be according to Figure LG-4. This figure shows the typical gradation ranges of aggregates used in road construction, how the materials, ranging from coarse to fine, best perform for a road, and the approximate limitations to the desirable gradation ranges. Ideally, aggregate surfacing material is (1) hard, durable, and crushed or screened to a minus 2-inch size; (2) well graded to achieve maximum density; (3) contains 5-15% clayey binder to prevent raveling; and (4) has a Plasticity Index of 2 to 10. 2. Gravel should be placed to a thickness of at least twice the diameter of the largest stone with a minimum thickness of 4 inches. Over very weak soils gravel thickness can be reduced with the use of geotextile or geogrid subgrade reinforcement. Also, geotextile layers are useful over soft soils to separate the gravel from the soil, keep it uncontaminated, and extend the useful life of the gravel. 3. Compact the aggregate during construction and maintenance to achieve a dense, smooth road surface and thus reduce the amount of water that can soak into the road. 4. “Spot” stabilize local wet areas and soft areas with 4 to 6 inches of coarse rocky material. Add more rock as needed. LG-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 5. Blend coarse aggregate and fine clay-rich soil (when available) to produce a desirable composite roadway material that is coarse yet well-graded with 5-15% fines for binder. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the SWMP. Inspect cut and fill slopes for rills or other indications of erosion. Maintain all crowns, outslopes, inslopes, and surface gravel. The road surface and shoulders should be periodically smoothed and reshaped with a grader blade (flat- blading). This should be done when the gravel is moist. Maintain the proper road slope and grade while flat- blading. Also be sure to avoid plugging roadside ditches or altering adjacent drainage structures, as this may cause them to not function properly. Flat-blading may also cause road gravel to be pushed off the main roadway and onto the shoulders. To avoid this, blade toward the center of the road. References Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> United States Department of the Interior and United States Department of Agriculture. Surface Operating Standards and Guidelines for Oil and Gas Exploration and Development “Gold Book.” BLM/WO/ST- 06/021+3071. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Denver, Colorado. Fourth Edition, 2006. LG-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Table LG-1 Stable Slope Ratios for Various Conditions Soil/Rock Condition Slope Ratio (Hor:Vert) Most rock ¼:1 to ½:1 Very well cemented soils ¼:1 to ½:1 Most in-place soils ¾:1 to 1:1 Very fractured rock 1:1 to 1 ½: 1 Loose coarse granular soils 1 ½: 1 Heavy clay soils 2:1 to 3:1 Soft clay rich zones or wet seepage areas 2:1 to 3:1 Fills of most soils 1 ½:1 to 2:1 Fills of hard, angular rock 1 1/3 :1 Low cuts and fills (<10 ft high) 2:1 or flatter (for revegetation) LG-5 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure LG-1 Typical Road Surface Drainage Options Figure LG-2 Cut Slope Design Options LG-6 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure LG-3 Fill Slope Design Options LG-7 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure LG-4 Gradation and Performance of Roadway Surfacing Materials LG-8 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Low Water Crossing (LWC) Description A low water crossing is a temporary structure erected to provide a safe and stable way for construction vehicle traffic to cross waterways. The primary purpose of such a structure is to provide streambank stabilization, reduce the risk of damaging the streambed or channel, and reduce the risk of sediment loading from construction traffic. A low water crossing may be a bridge, a culvert, or a ford surfaced with gravel, rip rap, or concrete. Applicability Low water crossings may be used for the following applications: • Wherever heavy construction equipment must be moved from one side of a stream channel to the other, or where lighter construction vehicles will cross the stream a number of times during the construction period. • Bridges are ideal to pass the year-round flows associated with perennial drainages. • Vented fords can be used to pass drainages with low flows and keep vehicles out of the water, avoiding water quality degradation. • Fords can be designed as a broadcrested weir in order to pass larger flow. • Fords can be “forgiving” and accommodate uncertainties in the design flow and thus are ideal for ephemeral and intermittent drainages with unknown or variable flow characteristics. Limitations • Low-water crossings that are not surfaced should not be used in wet conditions. • Installation may require dewatering or temporary diversion of the stream. • Bridges can be a safety hazard if not properly designed and constructed. Bridges might also prove to be more costly in terms of repair costs and lost construction time if they are washed out or collapse. • The construction and removal of culverts are usually very disturbing to the surrounding area and erosion and downstream movement of soils is often great. • The approaches to fords often have high erosion potential. In addition, excavation of the streambed and approach to lay riprap or other stabilization material causes major stream disturbance. Mud and other debris are transported directly into the stream unless the crossing is used only during periods of low flow. • Ford-type structures may imply some periodic or occasional traffic delays during periods of high flow. LWC-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Design Criteria Site location Locate the crossing where there will be the least disturbance to the soils of the existing waterway banks. When possible, locate the crossing at a point receiving minimal surface runoff. Elimination of fish migration barriers Bridges pose the least potential for creating barriers to aquatic migration. The construction of any specific crossing method shall not cause a significant water level difference between the upstream and downstream water surface elevations. Crossing alignment Where possible, the low water crossing shall be at right angles to the stream. Road approaches The centerline of both roadway approaches shall coincide with the crossing alignment centerline for a minimum distance of 50 feet from each bank of the waterway being crossed. If physical or right-of-way restraints preclude the 50 feet minimum, a shorter distance may be provided. All fill materials associated with the roadway approach shall be limited to a maximum height of 2 feet above the existing flood plain elevation. Bridges Over-stream bridges are generally the preferred low water crossing structure. The expected load and frequency of the stream crossing, however, will govern the selection of a bridge as the correct choice for a temporary stream crossing. Bridges usually cause minimal disturbance to a stream's banks and cause the least obstruction to stream flow and fish migration. They should be constructed only under the supervision and approval of a qualified engineer. Culverts Temporary culverts are used where a) streams are perennial or intermittent, b) the channel is too wide for normal bridge construction, or c) anticipated loading may prove unsafe for single span bridges. Culverts are normally preferred over a ford type of crossing, since disturbance to the waterway is only during construction and removal of the culvert. Fords Fords are appropriate in steep areas subject to flash flooding, where normal flow is shallow or intermittent across a wide channel. Fords should be used for crossing seasonally dry streambeds (ephemeral or intermittent drainages) or streams with low flows during most periods of road use. Use fords in place of culverts when there is a high possibility of plugging by debris or vegetation. Use improved (vented) fords with pipes or concrete box culverts to pass low water flows and keep vehicles out of the water. LWC-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Construction specifications Bridges See Figure LWC-1. 1. Clearing and excavation of the stream shores and bed should be kept to a minimum. 2. A temporary bridge structure shall be constructed at or above bank elevation to prevent the entrapment of floating materials and debris. 3. Abutments should be parallel to the stream and on stable banks. 4. If the crossing is to extend across a channel wider than 8 feet (as measured from top of bank to top of bank), the bridge should be designed with one in-water support for each 8 feet of stream width. No footing, pier, or bridge support will be permitted within the channel for waterways less than 8 feet wide. 5. Stringers shall either be logs, saw timber, pre-stressed concrete beams, metal beams, or other approved materials. 6. Decking shall be of sufficient strength to support the anticipated load. All decking members shall be placed perpendicular to the stringers, butted tightly, and securely fastened to the stringers. Decking materials must be butted tightly to prevent any soil material tracked onto the bridge from falling into the waterway below. 7. Run planking (optional) shall be securely fastened to the length of the span. One run plank shall be provided for each track of the equipment wheels. Although run planks are optional, they may be necessary to properly distribute loads. 8. Curbs or fenders may be installed along the outer sides of the deck. Curbs or fenders are an option, which will provide additional safety. 9. Bridges shall be securely anchored at only one end using steel cable or chain. Anchoring at only one end will prevent channel obstruction in the event that floodwaters float the bridge. Acceptable anchors are large trees, large boulders, or driven steel anchors. Anchoring shall be sufficient to prevent the bridge from floating downstream and possibly causing an obstruction to the flow. 10. All areas disturbed during installation shall be stabilized in accordance with Revegetation (RV). Culverts See Culvert (C). Fords See Figure LWC-2. 1. Locate fords where stream banks are low and where the channel is well confined. 2. Clearing and excavation of the stream shores and bed should be kept to a minimum. 3. Excavate streambed as necessary and place an 18-inch thick layer of 4-inch to 8-inch riprap. Cover this layer of riprap with a 6 inch thick layer of 2 inch to 4 inch crushed aggregate. The total thickness of riprap/aggregate should be a minimum of 24 inches thick. This type of simple low water crossing is ideal for ephemeral drainages. 4. For all approach roads the cut banks shall be no steeper than 5:1. The road approach shall be a minimum distance of 50 feet from each bank. Spoil material from the banks shall be stored out of the floodplain and stabilized. LWC-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 5. Use an adequately long aggregate surface to protect the “wetted perimeter” of the natural flow channel. Add protection above the expected level of the high flow. Allow for some freeboard, typically a minimum of 12 inches in elevation, between the top of the reinforced driving surface and the expected high water level. 6. The downstream edge of a ford is a particularly critical location for scour and may need energy dissipaters or riprap protection. 7. Use well-placed, sturdy depth markers at fords to advise traffic of dangerous water depths. 8. All areas disturbed during ford installation shall be stabilized in accordance with Revegetation (RV). Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Bridges Inspection shall ensure that the bridge, streambed, and streambanks are maintained and not damaged. If any structural damage is reported, construction traffic should stop use of the structure until appropriate repairs are made. Evidence of streambank erosion should be repaired immediately. Any trapped sediment or debris shall be removed and disposed of outside of the floodplain and stabilized. Culverts Inspection shall ensure that the culverts, streambed, and streambanks are not damaged, and that sediment is not entering the stream or blocking fish passage or migration. Evidence of structural or streambank erosion should be repaired immediately. Any trapped sediment or debris shall be removed and disposal of outside of the floodplain and stabilized. Fords Inspections shall ensure that stabilization material (aggregate) remains in place. If the material has moved downstream during periods of peak flow, the lost material should be replaced immediately. Removal All low water crossings shall be removed when the structure is no longer needed. References Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Surface Operating Standards for Oil and Gas Exploration and Development “Gold Book”. Fourth Edition, 2005. LWC-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure LWC-1 Bridge Installation Figure LWC-2 Ford Installation LWC-5 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Mulching (M) Description Mulching is a temporary erosion control practice in which materials such as grass, hay, wood chips, wood fibers, straw, or gravel are placed on exposed or recently planted soil surfaces. Mulching stabilizes soils by minimizing rainfall impact and reducing stormwater runoff velocity. When used in combination with seeding or planting, mulching can aid plant growth by holding seeds, fertilizers, and topsoil in place, preventing birds from eating seeds, retaining moisture, and insulating plant roots against extreme temperatures. Mulch mattings are materials such as jute or other wood fibers that are formed into sheets and are more stable than loose mulch. Jute and other wood fibers, plastic, paper, or cotton can be used individually or combined into mats to hold mulch to the ground. Netting can be used to stabilize soils while plants are growing, although netting does not retain moisture or insulate against extreme temperatures. Mulch binders consist of asphalt or synthetic materials that are sometimes used instead of netting to bind loose mulches. Hydraulic mulching is a temporary erosion control practice in which materials such as grass, hay, wood chips, wood fibers, straw, or gravel are hydraulically applied to exposed or recently planted soil surfaces. See Hydraulic Mulching (HM) for details. Applicability Mulching is often used in areas where temporary seeding cannot be used because of environmental constraints. On steep slopes and critical areas such as waterways, mulch matting is used with netting or anchoring to hold it in place. Mulches can be used on seeded and planted areas where slopes are steeper than 2:1 or where sensitive seedlings require insulation from extreme temperatures or moisture retention. Mulch is most effective when used on an area less than 2 acres in size and can last for 1 to 2 years. Limitations • Mulching, matting, and netting might delay seed germination because the cover changes soil surface temperatures. • The mulches themselves are subject to erosion and may be washed away in a large storm. • Maintenance is necessary to ensure that mulches provide effective erosion control. M-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Design criteria No formal design is required. Construction specifications 1. Site preparation: a. Prior to mulching, install the necessary temporary or permanent erosion control practices and drainage systems within or adjacent to the area to be mulched. b. Slope, grade, and smooth the site to fit needs of selected mulch products. c. Remove all undesirable stones and other debris to meet the needs of the anticipated land use and maintenance required. 2. Mulching & anchoring for relatively flat slopes: a. Select the appropriate mulch and application rate that will best meet the need and availability of material. When possible, organic mulches should be used for erosion control and plant material establishment. See Table M-1 for suggested materials and application rates. Other materials include hydraulic mulch products with 100-percent post-consumer paper content and yard trimming composts. All materials should be free of weed and seed. b. Apply mulch immediately after soil amendments and planting is accomplished or simultaneously if hydroseeding is used. See Table M-1 for installation guidelines. c. Mulch before seeding if construction of restoration activity is interrupted for extended periods, such as when seeding cannot be completed due to seeding period restrictions. If mulching before seeding, increase mulch rate. Of application on all slopes within 100 feet of waterbodies and wetlands. d. Use a mulch crimper to apply and anchor mulch. Crimper should have approximately 6 inch cleats with perpendicular, dull, disc blades. If a crimper is unavailable the Contractor shall apply mulch and anchor it to the soil using one of the methods described in Table M-2. The mulch should be anchored the same day as mulch application. Materials that are heavy enough to stay in place (for example, bark or wood chips on flat slopes) do not need anchoring. Mulches may or may not require a binder, netting, or tacking. Mulch binders should be applied at rates recommended by the manufacturer. Effective use of netting and matting material requires firm, continuous contact between the materials and the soil. 3. Hydraulic mulching for steeper slopes: See Hydraulic Mulching (HM). Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Areas should be identified where mulch has loosened or been removed. Such areas should be reseeded (if necessary) and the mulch cover replaced. If washout, breakage, or erosion occurs, surfaces should be repaired, reseeded, and re-mulched, and new netting should be installed. Inspections should be continued until vegetation is firmly established. Removal Anchor netting and any other artificial mulch material should be removed when protection is no longer needed and disposed of in a landfill. M-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc References Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Field Office Technical Guide. 2002. <www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg> Table M-1 Typical Mulching Materials and Application Rates Material Rate per Acre Requirements Notes Organic Mulches Straw 1 - 2 tons Dry, unchopped, unweathered; certified weed free. Spread by hand or machine; must be tacked or tied down. Wood fiber or wood cellulose ½ - 1 ton Use with hydroseeder; may be used to tack straw. Do not use in hot, dry weather. Wood chips 5 - 6 tons Air dry. Add fertilizer N, 12 lb/ton. Apply with blower, chip handler, or by hand. Not for fine turf areas. Bark 35 yd3 Air dry, shredded, or hammermilled, or chips Apply with mulch blower, chip handler, or by hand. Do not use asphalt tack. Nets and Mats Jute net Cover area Heavy, uniform; woven of single jute yarn. Used with organic mulch. Withstands water flow. Excelsior (wood fiber) mat Cover area M-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Table M-2 Mulch Anchoring Guide Anchoring Method or Material Kind of Mulch to be Anchored How to Apply 1. Mulch netting Hay or straw Staple the light-weight paper, jute, wood fiber, or plastic nettings to soil surface according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Should be biodegradable. Most products are not suitable for foot traffic. 2. Wood cellulose fiber Hay or straw Apply hydroseeder immediately after mulching. Use 500 lbs. Wood fiber per acre. Some products contain an adhesive material, possibly advantageous. 3. Mulch anchoring tool/Crimper Hay or straw Apply mulch and pull a mulch anchoring tool (blunt, straight discs) over mulch as near to the contour as possible. Mulch material should be “tucked” into soil surface about 3”. 4. Chemical Hay or straw Apply Terra Tack AR 120 lbs./ac. In 480 gal. of water (#156/ac.) or Aerospray 70 (60 gal/ac.) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Avoid application during rain. A 24-hour curing period and a soil temperature higher than 45 deg. Fahrenheit are required. M-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Retaining Wall (RW) Rock Retaining Wall Timber Retaining Wall Gabion Retaining Wall Description Retaining walls are structures that are used to stabilize and hold soil in place, gain space on roadways or well pads, or to keep soil contained within a site boundary. This BMP will cover retaining walls constructed with rock, boulders, or gabions. Gabions are rectangular, rock-filled wire baskets that are pervious, semi-flexible building blocks which can be used to armor the bed and/or banks of channels or to divert flow away from eroding channel sections. Several different retaining wall types are: 1. Rigid gravity and semi-gravity walls. These walls may be constructed of concrete or stone masonry. The rigid gravity and semi-gravity walls develop their capacity from their dead weights and structural resistance, and are generally used for permanent applications. 2. Non-gravity cantilevered walls. These walls develop lateral resistance through the embedment of vertical wall elements and support retained soil with wall facing elements. Vertical wall elements are normally extended deep in the ground to provide lateral and vertical support. The vertical wall elements can be piles, drilled shafts, steel sheet piles, etc. Wall faces can be reinforced concrete, metal, or timber. Cantilevered walls are generally limited to a maximum height of about 15 feet. 3. Anchored walls. These walls typically consist of the same elements as the non-gravity cantilevered walls but derive additional lateral resistance from one or more tiers of anchors. The anchored walls are typically used in the cut situation, in which the construction proceeds from the top to the base of the wall. Applicability Retaining walls should be used when sites have very steep slopes or loose, highly erodible soils that cause other methods, such as vegetative stabilization or regrading, to be ineffective. The preconstruction drainage pattern should be maintained to the extent possible. Retaining walls may be used for the following applications: RW-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc • Near the toe of a cut or fill slope to mechanically stabilize steep slopes and so that a flatter slope can be constructed to prevent or minimize slope erosion or failure. Particularly useful along access road cut slopes. • Along a stream bank or drainage channel, to keep a toe of a slope from encroaching into a stream and thus prevent potential undercutting of the toe by flowing water. • As headwalls at culvert inlets and outlets to prevent scour and undercutting. Limitations • Some retaining walls are a structural element that must be professionally designed. • To be effective, retaining walls must be designed to handle expected loads. Non-engineered walls should not be used where traffic is expected near the top of the wall. • Retaining walls must be properly installed and maintained to avoid failure. • Some types of retaining walls must be placed on a good foundation, such as bedrock or firm, in- place soil. • Some walls have height restrictions and backfill may be required to meet specific material property requirements. • Materials costs and professional design requirements may make use of gabions impractical. • When used in channels with high sediment loads, the galvanizing wire on gabion cages quickly wears off, causing rusting and the premature failure of the cages. Design criteria Most retaining walls require a site-specific design. Wall heights, requirements for drainage, and suitable materials must be determined through on-site investigation. An engineered retaining structure is a designed structure that is supported by plans and specifications signed and sealed by a Professional Engineer. Non- engineered retaining structures may be designed by an engineer; however, if the design is not supported by the seal and signature, the retaining structure is not considered engineered. Gabions Gabions should be designed and installed in accordance with manufacturer’s standards and specifications and must be able to handle expected storm and flood conditions. At a minimum, they should be constructed of a hexagonal triple twist mesh of heavily galvanized steel wire (galvanized wire may also receive a polyvinyl chloride coating). The maximum linear dimension of the mesh opening shall not exceed 4 ½ inches and the area of the mesh opening shall not exceed 10 square inches. RW-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Design velocity The design water velocity for channels utilizing gabions should not exceed those listed as follows: Gabion Thickness (feet) Maximum Velocity (feet per second) 0.5 6 0.75 11 1.0 14 Construction specifications Rock retaining wall guidelines See Figure RW-1. 1. Excavate a footing trench at the location of the proposed wall. 2. Place the largest rocks in the footing trench with their longitudinal axis normal to the wall face. Arrange subsequent rock layers so that each rock above the foundation course has a firm seating on the underlying rocks. 3. The batter of the wall face shall be between ½H:1V and vertical, depending upon the height of the wall, the height of the slope, the width of the right-of-way, or other limitations on space. 4. Place fill material behind the rock wall. Slope above the wall should be maintained at 2H:1V or flatter. Backfill the footing trench with excavated material. If a roadway is located at the toe of the wall, pave the roadway up to the base of the rock wall and provide roadway curb for water transport. If a roadway is not located at the toe of the retaining wall, slope the backfilled material away from the wall. 5. Revegetate the stabilized slope with a method applicable to the particular site. Gabion retaining wall guidelines See Figure RW-2. Gabions shall be fabricated in such a manner that the sides, ends, and lid can be assembled at the construction site into a rectangular basket of the specified sizes. Gabions shall be of single unit construction and shall be installed according manufacturer’s recommendations. General specifications are listed below. 1. Clear and grade the area of trees, brush, vegetation, and unsuitable soils. Compact subgrade firmly to prevent slumping or undercutting. 2. Install a filter fabric or granular filter according to the Riprap (R) BMP to maintain separation of rock material with the underlying soil, if required. 3. Place empty gabion baskets. Each row, tier, or layer of baskets should be reasonably straight and should conform to the specified line and grade (see Figure RW-2 for details). The empty gabion baskets should be fastened to the adjacent baskets along the top and vertical edges. Each layer should be fastened to the underlying layer along the front, back and ends. Fastening should be performed in the same manner as provided for assembling the gabion units. 4. Unless otherwise indicated on the plans, the vertical joints between basket units of adjacent tiers or layers, along the length of the structure, should be staggered by at least one cell. 5. Before filling each gabion with rock, all kinks and folds in the wire mesh should be removed and all baskets should be properly aligned. A standard fence stretcher, chain fall or steel rod may be used to stretch the wire baskets and hold alignment. RW-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 6. The gabion cells should be carefully filled with 4 to 8-inch rock placed by hand/machine in such a manner that the alignment of the structure will be maintained and so as to avoid bulges and to minimize voids. Rock should be sound, durable, and well graded. All exposed rock surface should have a reasonably smooth and neat appearance. No sharp rock edges should project through the wire mesh. 7. The gabion cells in any row or layer should be filled in stages so that local deformations may be avoided. 8. At no time should any cell be filled to a depth exceeding 12 inches more than any adjacent cell. 9. The layer of rock should completely fill the gabion basket so that the lid will bear on the rock when it is secured. The lid should be joined to the sides, ends, and diaphragms in the same manner as specified for joining the vertical edges. The gabion basket lid should be secured so that no more than 1-inch gap remains at any connection. 10. Gabion rows or layers not completed at the end of each shift should have the last gabion filled with rock tied internally as an end gabion. 11. The area behind the gabion structure should be backfilled with granular material. Geotextile, if required, should be spread uniformly over the back of the gabion structure. Joining edges of the geotextile should be overlapped a minimum of 12 inches and should be anchored in position with approved anchoring devices. The Contractor should place the backfill material in a manner that will not tear, puncture, or shift the geotextile. All other retaining walls should be constructed as designed by a Professional Engineer. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Check for structural failure, erosion, damage, instability, or other signs of deterioration. In stream bank installations and culvert inlets and outlets also inspect for signs of undercutting. Check wire of gabion cages for rusting and wear. Repair or replace any damaged areas immediately to restore designed effectiveness and to prevent damage or erosion of the slope or stream bank. References City of Knoxville, Stormwater Engineering, Knoxville BMP Manual - Best Management Practices. July 2003. <http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/engineering> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> RW-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure RW-1 Construction of Rock Retaining Structures Figure RW-2 Gabion Design RW-5 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Revegetation (RV) Description Revegetation involves planting seed to establish a vegetative cover on disturbed areas. Revegetation reduces erosion and sedimentation by stabilizing disturbed areas in a manner that is economical, adaptable to site conditions, and allows selection of the most appropriate plant materials. Revegetation also: • Absorbs the impact of raindrops • Reduces the velocity of runoff • Reduces runoff volumes by increasing water percolation into the soil • Binds soil with roots • Protects soil from wind • Improves wildlife habitat • Enhances natural beauty Applicability Revegetation is most effective on slopes no steeper than 2:1 and may be used in areas where exposed soil surfaces are not to be regraded for periods longer than 30 days. Such areas include denuded areas, soil stockpiles, berms, temporary road banks, etc. Limitations The effectiveness of revegetation can be limited due to the following: • High erosion potential during establishment. • The need for stable soil temperature and soil moisture content during germination and early growth. • The need to reseed areas that fail to establish. Proper seedbed preparation and the use of quality seed are important in this practice. Failure to carefully follow sound agronomic recommendations will often result in an inadequate stand of vegetation that provides little or no erosion control. RV-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Seeding does not immediately stabilize soils. Prior to seeding, install necessary erosion and sediment control practices such as diversions, straw bales, and basins until vegetation is established. Design criteria Successful plant establishment can be maximized with proper planning; consideration of soil characteristics; selection of plant materials that are suitable for the site; adequate seedbed preparation, liming, and fertilization; timely planting; and regular maintenance. A Revegetation Manual, which indicates the methods and materials needed to accomplish revegetation on differing site conditions, is provided as Appendix B to the Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP). Coordination and scheduling 1. Coordinate installation of seeding materials during normal planting seasons for each type of seed material required. 2. Seeding in areas that are non-irrigated or not provided with sprinkling or watering systems shall be restricted according to the following schedule: a. Below 6000’ elevation: Spring seeding shall occur between spring thaw and July 1st. Fall seeding shall occur from September 1st until consistent ground freeze. b. 6000’ to 7000’ elevation: Spring seeding shall occur between spring thaw and July 1st. Fall seeding shall occur from August 15th until consistent ground freeze. c. 7000’ to 8000’ elevation: Spring seeding shall occur between spring thaw and July 15th. Fall seeding shall occur from August 1st until consistent ground freeze. d. Above 8000’ elevation: Seeding shall occur from spring thaw until consistent ground freeze. e. Spring thaw shall be defined as the earliest date in a calendar year in which seed can be buried ½ inch into the topsoil thru normal drill seeding methods. f. Consistent ground freeze shall be defined as that time during fall months in which the topsoil, due to freeze conditions, prevents burying seed ½ inch thru normal drill seeding operations. Seed, soil amendments, and fertilizer 1. Seed mixes will vary depending on landowner requirements and the site elevation. 2. Soil amendments: a. AV Superphosphate 18-46-0: Commercial, phosphate mixture, soluble; minimum of 20 percent available phosphoric acid. Arkansas Valley Seed, 400 Moffat CR 220, Craig, CO 81625 Willard McLaughlin - District Sales Manager Mobile: 970-629-0263. Fax: 970-234-8023 Email: wmmclaughlin@seedsolutions.com b. Other soil amendments may also be used. 3. Fertilizers: a. Sustane 8-2-4: Slow release granular fertilizer. Sustane – Natural Fertilizer of America, Inc. 310 Holiday Avenue P.O. Box 19 Cannon Falls, MN 55009 Phone: 1-800-352-9245 Fax: 507-263-3029 www.sustane.com RV-2 b. Other fertilizers may also be used. June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Mulches See Mulching (M) and Hydraulic Mulching (HM) for mulch materials to be used for flat and steep slopes, respectively. Erosion control materials 1. Flexible Growth Medium: Flexterra FGM. Strictly comply with manufacturer’s installation instructions and recommendations. Use approved hydro-spraying machines with fan-type nozzle (50-degree tip). Apply FGM from opposing directions to soil surface. Nilex, 15171 E. Fremont Drive, Centennial, CO 80112 Phone: 1-800-537-4241 Fax: 303-766-1110 www.nilex.com 2. Non-asphaltic Tackifier: Organic derivative vegetative gum tackifier recommended by fiber-mulch manufacturer for slurry application, nontoxic and free of plant growth- or germination-inhibitors. 3. Other erosion control materials may also be used. Construction specifications See Table RV-1 for typical seeding guidelines. See Table RV-2 for typical seeding guidelines when using an Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) or a Turf Reinforcement Mat (TRM). Seeding 1. Do not use wet seed or seed that is moldy or otherwise damaged in transit or storage. 2. Seed shall be uniformly sown by drill, by hydro-seeding (without mulch admixture), or by broadcasting. Drill and Hydro-seeding rates shall be the amount specified. Broadcast seeding rates shall be one and a half times the amount specified. Broadcast seeding shall be raked or chain dragged into the soil to a depth of approximately one-quarter inch (1/4”) to one-half inch (1/2”). 3. The seeding shall be done in one application crossing the area at right angles to one another to guarantee even coverage. 4. Protect seeded areas against erosion by uniformly spreading mulch after completion of seeding operations in accordance with Mulching (M) and Hydraulic Mulching (HM). Cleanup and protection 1. During stormwater management & reclamation activities, keep pavements clean and work areas in an orderly condition. 2. Protect well pad, access road, private property, and federal lands from damage due to stormwater management & reclamation operations, operations by other contractors and trades, and trespassers. Maintain protection during installation and maintenance periods. Treat, repair, or replace damaged well pad, access road, private property, and federal lands work as directed. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the SWMP. Vegetation is considered established when a density of at least 70 percent of pre-disturbance levels has been reached. Seeded areas should be inspected for failure and any necessary repairs and re-seedings should be made within the same season, if possible. RV-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc References EnCana Oil & Gas (USA), Inc, Revegetation Manual. Chenoweth & Associates Environmental Consultants. 2007. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> High Mesa Water Park Seeding Specifications. April 2006. Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Engineering and Design - Handbook for the Preparation of Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans for Construction Activities. February 1997. http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-pamphlets/ep1110-1-16/ Table RV-1 Typical Seeding Guidelines All slopes accessible to drill seeder and straw crimper Material Description Quantity Seed Mix Drill Seeding (twice in perpendicular directions) 20 lbs./acre SUSTANE 8-2-4 Sustane 8-2-4 (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1000 lbs./acre Soluble Humates Soluble Humates (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre Certified Weed Free Straw Weed Free Crimped Straw 2000 lbs./acre All slopes accessible to drill seeder Material Description Quantity Seed Mix Drill Seeding (installed in perpendicular directions) 20 lbs./acre SUSTANE 8-2-4 Sustane 8-2-4 (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1000 lbs./acre Soluble Humates Soluble Humates (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre Four wheeler broadcast seeding & tine harrowing Material Description Quantity Seed Mix Broadcast Seeded & Tine Harrowed 40 lbs./acre SUSTANE 8-2-4 Sustane 8-2-4 (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1000 lbs./acre Soluble Humates Soluble Humates (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre Chest broadcast seeding & hand raking Material Description Quantity Seed Mix Broadcast Seeded & Hand Raked 40 lbs./acre SUSTANE 8-2-4 Sustane 8-2-4 (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1000 lbs./acre Soluble Humates Soluble Humates (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre RV-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Table RV-2 Typical Seeding Guidelines if using Erosion Control Blankets (ECB) or Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRM) SLOPES 1:1 and/or Greater and Medium to High Concentrated Flows Material Description Quantity Seed Mix Seed Hydraulically Applied 50 lbs./acre Guar Tackifier Guar Tackifier (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 75 lbs./acre SUSTANE 8-2-4 Sustane 8-2-4 (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre Soluble Humates Soluble Humates (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre ECB or TRM Per Table ECB-1 or TRM-1 per spec. SLOPES 2:1 to 1:1 and Medium Concentrated Flows Material Description Quantity Seed Mix Seed Hydraulically Applied 45 lbs./acre Guar Tackifier Guar Tackifier (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 75 lbs./acre SUSTANE 8-2-4 Sustane 8-2-4 (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre Soluble Humates Soluble Humates (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100lbs./acre ECB or TRM Per Table ECB-1 or TRM-1 per spec. SLOPES 2:1 to 3:1 and Medium Concentrated Flows Material Description Quantity Seed Mix Broadcast Seeding 45 lbs./acre SUSTANE 8-2-4 Sustane 8-2-4 (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre Soluble Humates Soluble Humates (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre ECB or TRM Per Table ECB-1 or TRM-1 per spec. SLOPES 3:1 or less and Low Concentrated Flows Material Description Quantity Seed Mix Seed Hydraulically Applied 40 lbs./acre Guar Tackifier Guar Tackifier (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 40 lbs./acre SUSTANE 8-2-4 Sustane 8-2-4 (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre Soluble Humates Soluble Humates (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre ECB or TRM Per Table ECB-1 or TRM-1 per spec. SLOPES 3:1 or less and Low Concentrated Flows Material Description Quantity Seed Mix Broadcast Seeding 40 lbs./acre SUSTANE 8-2-4 Sustane 8-2-4 (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre Soluble Humates Soluble Humates (Nylex dlamanna@nilex.com) 1100 lbs./acre ECB or TRM Per Table ECB-1 or TRM-1 per spec. RV-5 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Riprap (R) Description Riprap is a permanent, erosion-resistant layer made of stones or boulders. It is intended to stabilize areas subject to erosion and protect against scour of the soil caused by concentrated, high velocity flows. Applicability Riprap can be used for areas subject to erosion or weathering, particularly where conditions prohibit the establishment of revegetation or where flow velocities exceed 5 ft/sec. Riprap may be used in the following applications: • Cut-and-fill slopes • Channel side slopes and/or bottoms • Inlets and outlets to sediment traps • Roadside ditches Limitations Riprap is limited by steepness of slope, because slopes greater than 1.5:1 have potential riprap loss due to erosion and sliding. When working within flowing streams, measures should be taken to prevent excessive turbidity and erosion during construction. Bypassing base flows or temporarily blocking base flows are two possible methods. Design criteria Gradation A well-graded mixture of rock sizes should be used instead of one uniform size (with the exception of dry stacking boulders). 50% by weight should be larger than the specified design size. The diameter of the largest stone size in such a mixture should be 1.5 times the d50 size with smaller sizes graded down to 1 inch. When dry stacking up a slope, boulders may be uniform in size or may get gradually smaller as the boulders are placed up the slope. R-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Quality Riprap must be durable so that freeze/thaw cycles do not decompose it in a short time. They should be angular and not subject to breaking down when exposed to water or weathering. The specific gravity should be at least 2.5. Size The sizes of stones used for riprap protection are determined by purpose and specific site conditions: 1. Slope Stabilization. Riprap stone for slope stabilization not subject to flowing water should be sized for the proposed grade. The gradient of the slope to be stabilized should be less than the natural angle of repose of the stone selected. Angles of repose of riprap stones may be estimated from Figure R-1. Riprap used for surface stabilization of slopes does not add significant resistance to sliding or slope failure and should not be considered a retaining wall. Slopes approaching 1.5:1 may require special stability analysis. The inherent stability of the soil must be satisfactory before riprap is used for surface stabilization. 2. Stream bank Protection. If the shear stress is estimated, riprap stone for stream bank protection can be selected from the gradations in Table R-1, below. The shear stress can be estimated from the depth of flow and the channel slope (see note for Table R-1). The riprap should extend 2 feet below the channel bottom and be keyed into the bank both at the upstream end and downstream end of the proposed work or reach. Filter material Filter material is sometimes used between riprap and the underlying soil surface to prevent soil from moving through the riprap. Filter cloth material or a layer of sand and/or gravel is usually used for the filter. The design of a sand/gravel filter blanket is based on the ratio of particle size in the overlying filer material to that of the base material in accordance with the criteria below. Multiple layers (each a minimum of 6 inches thick) may be designed to affect a proper filter if necessary. A sand/gravel filter blanket should have the following relationship for a stable design: d15 filter d85 base ≤ 5 d15 filter 5 < d50 base ≤ 40 d50 filter d50 base ≤ 40 The design of a synthetic filter fabric, which may be used with or in place of gravel filters, is based upon the following particle size relationships: 1. Filter fabric covering a base containing 50% or less by weight of fine particles (#200 sieve size): a. d85 base (mm) EOS*filter fabric (mm) > 1 b. total open area of filter fabric should not exceed 36 % R-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 2. Filter fabric covering other soils: a. EOS is no larger than 0.21 mm (#70 sieve size) b. total open area of filter fabric should not exceed 10% *EOS - Equivalent opening size compared to a U.S. standard sieve size No filter fabric should have less than 4% open area or an EOS less than U.S. Standard Sieve #100 (0.15 mm). The permeability of the fabric must be greater than that of the soil. The fabric may be made of woven or non- woven monofilament yarns and should meet the following minimum requirements: Thickness 20-60 mils Grab strength 90-120 lbs Conform to ASTM D-1682 or ASTM D-177 Construction specifications See Figure R-2 for riprap slope stabilization and stream bank protection. See Figure R-3 for dry stacking boulders. See Sediment Trap (ST) for a detail of a riprap lined channel leading into a sediment trap. 1. Subgrade Preparation. Prepare the subgrade for riprap to the required lines and grades shown on the plans. Compact any fill required in the subgrade to a density approximating that of the undisturbed material or overfill depressions with riprap. Remove brush, trees, stumps, and other objectionable material. Cut the subgrade sufficiently deep so that the finished grade of the riprap will be at the elevation of the surrounding area. Channels should be excavated sufficiently to allow placement of the riprap in a manner such that the finished inside dimensions and grade of the riprap meet design specifications. 2. Sand/gravel filter blanket. If using a granular filter, spread filter stone in a uniform layer to the specified depth. Where more than one layer of filter material is used, spread the layers with minimal mixing. 3. Synthetic filter fabric. If using a filter fabric, place the cloth directly on the prepared foundation. Where large stones are to be placed, a 4¬-inch layer of fine sand or gravel is recommended to protect the filter cloth. Filter fabric is not recommended as a filter on slopes steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. 4. Stone placement. Place riprap so that it forms dense, well-graded mass of stone with a minimum of voids. The desired distribution of stones throughout the mass may be obtained by selective loading at the quarry and controlled dumping during final placement. Place riprap to its full thickness in one operation. Do not place riprap by dumping through chutes or other methods that cause segregation of stone sizes. If a filter is used, be careful not to dislodge the underlying base filter or damage the filter cloth when placing the stones. If damage occurs, remove the riprap and repair filter. 5. The toe of the riprap should be keyed into a stable foundation at its base as shown in Figure R-2 if required for slope stabilization and stream bank protection. The finished slope should be free of pockets of small stone or clusters of large stones. Hand placing may be necessary to achieve proper distribution of stone sizes to produce a relatively smooth, uniform surface. The finished grade of the riprap should blend with the surrounding area. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP). If riprap has been damaged or dislodged, repairs should be made to prevent a progressive failure. If repairs are needed repeatedly at one location, the site should be evaluated to determine if the original design conditions R-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc have changed. Channel obstructions such as trees and sediment bars can change flow patterns and cause erosive forces that may damage riprap. Control of weed and brush growth may be needed in some locations. Removal Riprap is generally not removed. References Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> Table R-1 Riprap Gradations Unit shear stress (Ib/ft2) D50 dmax Minimum blanket thickness (inches) 0.67 2 4 6 2 6 9 14 3 9 14 20 4 12 18 27 5 15 22 32 6 18 27 32 7.8 21 32 38 8 24 36 43 Unit shear stress calculated as T=y*d*s where: T = shear stress in Ib/ft2 y = unit weight of water, 62.4 Ib/ft2 d = flow depth in ft s = channel gradient in ft/ft Figure R-1 Angles of Repose of Riprap Stones R-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure R-2 Typical Riprap Slope Protection Detail Figure R-3 Typical Boulder Drystack Detail R-5 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Soil Stabilizers (SS) Description Soil stabilizers (also known as soil binders) consist of stabilizing emulsions that are applied directly to the surface of disturbed soil to temporarily reduce soil erosion. Soil binders are categorized as: • Short-lived plant-based materials • Long-lived plant-based materials • Polymeric emulsion blends (acrylic polymers) • Cementitious-based binders Applicability Soil binders are used on bare soil areas where vegetation may not be desired (such as near compressor stations) in order to reduce soil loss. Soil binders are also suitable for use on stockpiles. Limitations • Soil binders are a temporary measure. • Product must be reapplied 6-12 months after initial application. • Soil binders may not be compatible with certain soils. • Runoff can penetrate a treated area at the top of a slope, undercut the treated soil, and cause spot failures by discharging at a point further down the slope. • Performance depends on temperature, humidity, and traffic across treated areas. Design criteria No formal design is required. Construction specifications 1. Soil binder must be non-toxic to plant and animal life. Some examples include Guar, Starch, Pitch & Rosin Emulsion, Liquid Polymers of Methacrylates & Acrylates, and Gypsum. However, many others are available and may be used. Select a soil binder that is appropriate for the region, use and soil type. SS-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 2. Soil binder is typically mixed in a water truck or hydroseeder and applied in a liquid state. Use emulsion formulas for applications with water trucks. 3. Apply soil binder over a roughened soil surface on slopes not greater than 1H:1V. Do not apply immediately before or during a rain event or where standing water is present. 4. Soil binder can be applied in combination with organic fertilizers and humates, if desired. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP). Inspect for rill erosion and reapply soil binder if necessary, usually every 6 to 12 months or when the surface has been disturbed. References Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp California Stormwater Quality Association, Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP) Handbook – Construction. January, 2003. <http://www.cabmphandbooks.com/Construction.asp> SS-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Stockpiling (SP) – Topsoil and Subsoil Description Stockpiling during construction of well pads involves the removal and stockpiling of all surface soil materials (topsoil) from the entire cut and fill area for later reuse during interim and final reclamation. Topsoil provides a planting and growth medium that is more desirable than deeper subsoils for use during reclamation and revegetation activities. If there is an excess of cut material, however, subsoil may als7o be stockpiled. Stockpiling during construction of roads involves the removal and temporary stockpiling of all surface soil materials (topsoil) from the entire cut and fill area for reuse along cut and fill slopes and roadside ditches. This helps to reduce the loss of forage, habitat, and sediment, decreases maintenance costs, and helps maintain the scenic quality. If there is an excess of cut material, subsoil may also be stockpiled. Applicability Stockpiling applies for the construction of all well pads, roads, pipelines, and any other construction activity where soil is disturbed and later revegetated. Limitations • Stockpiling increases the overall area of disturbance at a site. • Stockpiles often require revegetation and also require other erosion and sediment controls during the establishment of vegetation such as silt fences or diversions. Design criteria No formal design is required. Construction specifications Location 1. Locate the stockpile so that it meets specifications and does not interfere with work on the site. 2. Stockpiles should be located and protected so that wind and water erosion are minimized and reclamation potential is maximized. 3. Stockpiles located down slope of a well pad will serve as tertiary spill containment and a reservoir during storm events. See Figure SP-1. SP-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 4. Stockpiles located upslope of a well pad will serve as a berm to divert surface runoff around the site and to a stabilized outlet. See Figure SP-2. 5. During the installation of pipelines, soil will be stockpiled according to Figure SP-3. Stripping and excavation 1. All perimeter stormwater controls shall be in place prior to stripping topsoil or excavating subsoil. 2. Stripping shall be confined to the immediate construction areas. 3. The depth of topsoil to be stripped and stockpiled should be determined during an on-site inspection prior to the start of any excavation activity, but is commonly 4 to 6-inches. Stockpiling 1. Soil shall be stockpiled in such a manner that natural drainage is not obstructed and no off-site sediment damage shall result. 2. Keep topsoil segregated and stored separately from subsoil materials to avoid mixing during construction, storage, and interim reclamation. Never place subsoil materials on top of topsoil material. 3. Side slopes of the stockpile shall not exceed 2:1. 4. Stockpiles should be tracked according to Surface Roughening (SR) and stabilized to prevent erosion and off-site sedimentation. Perimeter controls shall be placed around the stockpile immediately. This may involve a diversion to route sediment laden runoff to a stabilized outlet, a silt fence to capture sediments, or any other applicable stormwater perimeter control. Revegetation of the stockpile, according to Revegetation (RV), can help reduce erosion as well as maintain its biological viability. Topsoiling during reclamation Part of the reclamation process involves salvaging and reusing all available topsoil to spread over disturbed areas prior to revegetation. Reclamation measures should begin as soon as possible after the disturbance and continue until successful reclamation is achieved. 1. Well pads – interim reclamation – Minimize the footprint of disturbance by reclaiming all portions of the well site not needed for production operations. Respread topsoil over areas not needed for operations prior to revegetation. 2. Well pads – final reclamation – Where the topography is flat and it is, therefore, unnecessary to recontour the well location at the time of final reclamation, the operator should set aside sufficient topsoil for final reclamation of the small, unreclaimed area around the wellhead. On sloped ground, during final reclamation, the topsoil and interim vegetation must be restripped from portions of the site that are not at the original contour, the well pad recontoured, and the topsoil respread over the entire disturbed site to ensure successful revegetation. 3. Roads – interim reclamation – Reclaim portions of the road not needed for vehicle travel wherever possible by covering cut slopes, fill slopes, and borrow ditches with topsoil salvaged during road construction prior to revegetation. 4. Pipelines – final reclamation – Reclaim disturbed area on completion of pipeline installation. The stripped topsoil shall be respread over the entire ROW to ensure successful revegetation. SP-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP). Inspect for rills and other evidence of stockpile erosion. Also inspect perimeter stormwater controls in accordance with the appropriate BMP. Removal Stockpiles may be removed when the site is ready for interim or final reclamation. References United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Engineering and Design - Handbook for the Preparation of Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans for Construction Activities. February 1997. <http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-pamphlets/ep1110-1-16/> United States Department of the Interior and United States Department of Agriculture. Surface Operating Standards and Guidelines for Oil and Gas Exploration and Development “Gold Book.” BLM/WO/ST- 06/021+3071. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Denver, Colorado. Fourth Edition, 2006. Figure SP-1 Topsoil Stockpile – Located Below Well Pad SP-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure SP-2 Topsoil Stockpile – Located above Well Pad Figure SP-3 Topsoil Stockpile for Pipeline Installation SP-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Surface Roughening (SR) Corrugating Tracking Minibenching Description Surface (soil) roughening is a temporary erosion control practice often used in conjunction with grading. Soil roughening involves increasing the relief of a bare soil surface using construction equipment. Slopes that are not fine graded and that are left in a roughened condition can reduce erosion. Soil roughening reduces runoff velocity, increases infiltration, reduces erosion, traps sediment, and prepares the soil for seeding and planting by giving seed an opportunity to take hold and grow. The following types of soil roughening are discussed in this BMP: • Corrugating • Tracking • Minibenching Applicability Soil roughening is most effective for areas of 1 acre or less, and works well for the following applications: • Any slope, but particularly fill slopes greater than 3:1 • Areas with highly erodible soils • Soils that are frequently disturbed • Prior to application of permanent or temporary seeding SR-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Limitations • Soil roughening is not appropriate for rocky slopes. • Soil compaction might occur when roughening with tracked machinery. • Soil roughening is of limited effectiveness in anything more than a gentle or shallow depth rain. • If roughening is washed away in a heavy storm, the surface will have to be re-roughened and new seed laid. Design criteria No formal design required. However, the selection of the appropriate method (corrugating or tracking) depends on the type of slope. Steepness, mowing requirements, and/or a cut or fill slope operation are all factors considered in choosing a roughening method. Construction specifications To slow erosion, roughening should be done as soon as possible after grading activities have ceased (temporarily or permanently) in an area. All cut and fill slopes should be roughened wherever possible. Do not blade or scrape the final fill slope face. Excessive compacting of the soil surface should be avoided during roughening, and areas should be seeded as quickly as possible after roughening is complete. Corrugating Corrugating (Figure SR-1) uses machinery to create a series of ridges and depressions that run across the slope on the contour. Groove using any appropriate implement that can be safely operated on the slope, such as disks, tillers, spring harrows, or the teeth of a front-end loader bucket. Do not make the grooves less than 3 inches deep or more than 15 inches apart. Tracking Tracking is the most common method of soil roughening and is sometimes used as a method to hold down mulch. However, tracking is generally not as effective as corrugating. Tracking should be used primarily in sandy soils to avoid undue compaction of the soil surface. Operate tracked machinery up and down the slope to leave horizontal depressions in the soil (Figure SR-2). Do not back-blade during the final grading operation. Minibenching Benches shall be constructed on an even contour line. Benches shall be constructed approximately 2 feet deep and according to Figure SR-3. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Roughening might need to be repeated after storm events. Inspections of roughened slopes will indicate where additional erosion and sediment control measures are needed. If rills appear, they should be filled, graded again, and reseeded as soon as possible. Proper dust control methods should be used. References Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> SR-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> Figure SR-1 Corrugating Figure SR-2 Tracking SR-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure SR-3 Minibenching SR-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Terracing (T) Description Terraces (also called benches or contour trenches) are properly spaced along a cut or fill slope and made of either earthen embankments, ridge and channel systems, or are cut directly into a rock face of a cut slope. Terraces are often constructed with an adequate grade to promote drainage to a stabilized outlet. Terraces reduce damage from erosion by collecting and redistributing surface runoff to stable outlets at slower speeds and by decreasing the distance of overland runoff flow. They also surpass smooth slopes in holding moisture and help to minimize sediment loading of surface runoff. When terraces are constructed into steep bedrock faces they help to stabilize the slope by catching loose rocks and other material which may fall from above. Applicability Terraces are most effective for areas less than 10 acres in size and, are suitable for the following applications: • Areas with an existing or expected water erosion problem and no vegetation. • Cut or fill slopes greater than 5 feet in height, which are not part of a trench or excavation. • Graded areas with smooth hard surfaces or any cleared area prior to seeding. • Where the length of slopes need to be shortened by terracing. • On steep rock walls, particularly those greater than 60 feet in height. Limitations • Terraces are not appropriate for use on sandy or shallow soils. • If too much water permeates the soil in a terrace system, sloughing could occur, and cut and fill costs could increase substantially. Design criteria The design of terraces should be determined by a civil engineer based upon actual site conditions. T-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Construction specifications In the absence of a specific design, terraces may be constructed according to Figure T-1 for cut slopes and Figure T-2 for fill slopes. 1. Construct diversion ditches at the top of the slope (if necessary for large upslope drainage areas) to prevent or reduce surface water from running down the slope face. 2. The upper terrace should begin immediately below the top of the fill slope. Continue constructing terraces down to the toe of the slope. Terraces shall be a minimum of 6 feet wide. However, a minimum width of 8 feet is ideal so that a crimper has access for mulching. 3. Terraces must drain to a stabilized outlet, such as a stabilized waterway, vegetated area, or other suitable outlet. Slope drains (Slope Drain (SD)) may be needed to convey surface runoff from the terraces or benches to the toe of the slope without causing erosion. Analysis of the local site conditions should determine the needed outlets. 4. Remove the loose material that collects at the end of terraces or benches and blend the ends of each terrace or bench into the natural ground surface. 5. Stabilize or revegetate the slope with methods applicable to the particular site. For terraces constructed into high rock walls of cut slopes, the vertical spacing may be anywhere from 10 to 100 feet and the width anywhere from 6 to 100 feet, as determined by a civil engineer. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Maintain terrace ridge height and outlet elevations. Remove sediment that has accumulated in the terrace to maintain capacity and a positive channel grade. If excessive seepage or surface runoff is a problem, control the seepage/runoff with appropriate drainage facilities. Take prompt action as needed to ensure proper drainage and slope stability. Repair rills and reseed damaged areas as they develop. Substantial maintenance of the newly planted or seeded vegetation may be required. References City of Knoxville, Stormwater Engineering, Knoxville BMP Manual - Best Management Practices. July 2003. http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/engineering Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Field Office Technical Guide. 2002. <www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg> T-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure T-1 Terracing – Cut Slopes Figure T-2 Terracing – Fill Slopes T-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Turf Reinforcement Mat (TRM) Description A turf reinforcement mat (TRM) is a rolled permanent erosion control product composed of UV-stabilized, non- degradable, synthetic materials (which may include an organic, biodegradable fiber component) processed into a three-dimensional matrix. TRMs are typically installed in ditches, swales, channels, and slopes where design discharges exert velocities and shear stresses that exceed the limits of mature, natural vegetation to prevent erosion. Applicability TRMs may be used in the following applications: • To control erosion on steep slopes and to promote the establishment of vegetation. • To stabilize channels against erosion from concentrated flows. • Used in transition areas before and after hard armor (i.e., riprap, concrete, asphalt etc.) to provide for stable and non-erosive transition. • May be used on slopes steeper than 1:1. Limitations • In an unvegetated state, velocities should not exceed 14 ft/sec maximum or the limitations provided by the manufacturer. • In a vegetated state, velocities should not exceed 25 ft/sec maximum or the limitations provided by the manufacturer. • Maximum slope is dictated by the soil stability and above referenced limited velocity and shear stress limitations. • Soils must be conducive to the establishment of vegetation. TRM-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Design criteria No formal design is required. Construction specifications 1. All vegetation, roots, rocks, and other objectionable material shall be removed and disposed of so as not to create loss of soil contact by the TRM when installed. 2. Select the appropriate TRM. North American Green Products are listed in Table TRM-1. However, other products, such as Green Armor (www.greenarmorsystem.com) may also be used. Site specifics shall dictate TRM use. 3. Select the appropriate seed mix according to Revegetation (RV). Apply seed prior to fabric installation for stabilization of construction sites. 4. Installation of the blankets shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and according to Figure TRM-1. For blankets being placed in channels, the fabric should be rolled out parallel to the channel if the width is sufficient to cover the entire width of the channel. The fabric needs to be in continuous contact with exposed soil. 5. Pins or staples shall be made of wire 0.162-inch or larger in diameter. “U” shaped staples shall have legs 8” long, and a 1” crown. “T” shaped pins shall have a minimum length of 8”. The bar of the “T” shall be at least 4” long. Triangular survey stakes can also be used. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Inspections should determine if cracks, tears, or breaches have formed in the fabric. If the effectiveness of the BMP has been reduced, the fabric should be repaired or replaced immediately. Re-anchor loosened matting and replace missing matting and staples as required. It is necessary to maintain contact between the ground and the blanket at all times. Trapped sediment should be removed after each storm event. References Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> North American Green, 2004. http://www.nagreen.com TRM-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Table TRM-1 Suggested Blanket Types Description (North American Green Product #) Longevity Applications Max. Flow Velocity (feet/sec.) Three UV Stable Nets Top Net 5 Ib. Black Corrugated Center Net 24 Ib. Black Bottom Net 5 Ib. Black 70% Straw / 30% Coconut Matrix Material (SC250) 24 month grow- in period 1:1 & Greater Slopes Medium to High Flow Channels 9.5 (unveg.) 15 (veg.) Three UV Stable Nets Top Net 8 Ib. Black Corrugated Center Net 24 Ib. Black Bottom Net 8 Ib. Black 100% Coconut Fiber Matrix Material (C350) 36 month grow- in period 1:1 & Greater Slopes High Flow Channels 10.5 (unveg.) 20 (veg.) Three UV Stable Nets Top Net 24 Ib. Black Corrugated Center Net 24 Ib. Black Bottom Net 24 Ib. Black 100% Polypropylene Fiber Matrix Material (P550) 36 month grow- in period or when sparse vegetation stand is expected 1:1 & Greater Slopes Extreme High Flow Channels 12.5 (unveg.) 25 (veg.) TRM-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure TRM-1 Turf Reinforcement Mat Installation TRM-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Vegetated Buffer (VB) Description Vegetated buffers (also known as vegetated filter strips) are areas of either natural or established vegetation that are maintained to protect the water quality of neighboring areas. Buffers reduce the velocity of stormwater runoff, provide an area for the runoff to permeate the soil, contribute to groundwater recharge, and act as filters to catch sediment. The reduction in velocity also helps to prevent soil erosion. The use of existing natural vegetation is preferred over newly established vegetation for the following reasons: • Can process higher quantities of stormwater runoff than newly seeded areas. • Does not require time to establish. • Has a higher filtering capacity than newly planted vegetation because aboveground and root structures are typically denser. • Reduces stormwater runoff by intercepting rainfall, promoting infiltration, and lowering the water table through transpiration. • Provides a fully developed habitat for wildlife. Applicability Vegetated buffers can be used in any area that is able to support vegetation but they are most effective and beneficial on floodplains, near wetlands, along streambanks, and as stabilized outlets to runoff controls such as diversions, water bars, or culverts. Buffers are also effective in separating land use areas that are not compatible and in protecting wetlands or water bodies by displacing activities that might be potential sources of non-point source pollution. VB-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Limitations • Vegetated buffers require plant growth before they can be effective, and land on which to plant the vegetation must be available. • Although vegetated buffers help to protect water quality, they usually do not effectively counteract concentrated stormwater flows to neighboring or downstream wetlands. Design criteria No formal design is required. Construction specifications 1. Buffer widths should be determined after careful consideration of slope, vegetation, soils, depth to impermeable layers, runoff sediment characteristics, type and quantity of stormwater pollutants, and annual rainfall. Buffer widths should increase as slope increases. 2. Zones of vegetation (native vegetation in particular), including grasses, deciduous and evergreen shrubs, and understory and overstory trees, should be intermixed. 3. Fertilizing seeded or planted ground may enhance growth (and improve its effectiveness as a buffer). 4. When using naturally vegetated areas, vegetation should be marked for preservation before clearing activities begin. Barriers may be used to prevent the approach of equipment within protected areas. 5. Direct sediment-laden water onto the naturally vegetated or stabilized planted ground. 6. Do not place any equipment, construction debris, or extra soil in the buffer area. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Keeping vegetation healthy in a recently established buffer requires routine maintenance, which (depending on species, soil types, and climatic conditions) may include weed control, fertilizing, liming, and irrigating. Once established or if using a naturally vegetated area, buffers do not require much maintenance beyond repairing or replacing damaged vegetation. Inspections should focus on encroachment, gully erosion, density of vegetation, evidence of concentrated flows through the areas, and any damage from foot or vehicular traffic. If there is more than 6 inches of sediment in one place, it should be removed. Removal During final site cleanup, any barriers placed around preserved natural areas should be removed. References Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> VB-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Wattles (W) Description A wattle (also called a fiber roll) consists of straw, flax, or other similar materials bound into a tight tubular roll. Excelsior log (aspen fiber) is the preferred wattle. When wattles are placed at the toe and on the face of slopes, they intercept runoff, reduce its flow velocity, release the runoff as sheet flow, and provide removal of sediment from the runoff. By interrupting the length of a slope, fiber rolls can also reduce erosion. Applicability Wattles may be suitable: • As slope breakers along the toe, top, face, and at grade breaks of exposed and erodible slopes to shorten slope length, reduce runoff velocity, and spread runoff as sheet flow • At the end of a downward slope where it transitions to a steeper slope • Along the perimeter of a project • At the overflow locations of sediment traps • As check dams in unlined ditches • Around temporary stockpiles Limitations • Wattles are not effective unless trenched. • Wattles placed directly at the toe of slopes greater than 5:1 (H:V) should be a minimum of 20-in. diameter or installations achieving the same protection (i.e. stacked smaller diameter wattles, etc.). • Difficult to move once saturated. • If not properly staked and trenched in, wattles could be transported by high flows. • Wattles have a very limited sediment capture zone. • Wattles should not be used on slopes subject to creep, slumping, or landslide. • Wattles should not be used where periodic road or surface maintenance activities are expected. W-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Design criteria No formal design is required. Construction specifications Wattles should be either prefabricated rolls or rolled tubes of erosion control blanket. (If using an erosion control blanket, roll the length of erosion control blanket into a tube of minimum 8 in. diameter and bind roll at each end and every 4 ft along length of roll with jute-type twine.) See Figure W-1 for wattles used to control erosion along slopes. 1. Locate wattles on level contours spaced as follows: a. Slope inclination of 4:1 (H:V) or flatter: Fiber rolls should be placed at a maximum interval of 20 ft. b. Slope inclination between 4:1 and 2:1 (H:V): Fiber Rolls should be placed at a maximum interval of 15 ft. (a closer spacing is more effective). c. Slope inclination 2:1 (H:V) or greater: Fiber Rolls should be placed at a maximum interval of 10 ft. (a closer spacing is more effective). 2. Turn the ends of the wattles up slope to prevent runoff from going around the roll. 3. Stake wattles into a 2 to 4 in. deep trench with a width equal to the diameter of the wattle. Drive stakes at the end of each wattle and spaced 4 ft maximum on center. If wattles are part of a layered BMP system (3 or more) and a vegetated buffer (VB) is used, the wattles may be staked without trenching. Staking must insure continuous contact with the ground. 4. If more than one wattle is placed in a row, the rolls should be overlapped, not abutted. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Repair or replace split, torn, unraveling, or slumping rolls. If the wattle is used as a sediment capture device, or as an erosion control device to maintain sheet flows, sediment that accumulates must be periodically removed in order to maintain wattle effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when sediment accumulation reaches one-half the designated sediment storage depth, usually one-half the distance between the top of the wattle and the adjacent ground surface. Removal Wattles are typically left in place. If wattles are removed, collect and dispose of sediment accumulation, and fill and compact holes, trenches, depressions or any other ground disturbance to blend with adjacent ground. References California Stormwater Quality Association, Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP) Handbook – Construction. January, 2003. <http://www.cabmphandbooks.com/Construction.asp> W-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure W-1 Wattle Installation W-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Drainage Control BMPs Berm (B) Culvert (C) Culvert Inlet Protection (CIP) Culvert Outlet Protection (COP) Diversion (D) Drainage Dip (DD) Level Spreader (LS) Roadside Ditches (RSD) and Turnouts (TO) Run-On Diversion (ROD) Slope Drain (SD) Trench Breaker (TB) Water Bar (WB) June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Berm (B) Description A berm is a ridge of compacted soil located at the top or base of a sloping disturbed area to contain or divert surface runoff. Berms may be constructed from either excavated topsoil or subsoil. The purpose of a berm is to control runoff velocity, divert on-site surface runoff to a sediment trapping device, and/or divert clean water away from disturbed areas. Applicability Berms are usually appropriate for drainage basins smaller than 5 acres, but with modifications they can be capable of servicing areas as large as 10 acres. With regular maintenance, earthen berms have a useful life span of approximately 18 months. Berms are applicable for the following applications: • At the perimeter of a well pad (particularly the outer edge) to ensure that runoff remains on the pad and is diverted to a well pad detention pond, if available. See Detention Pond (DP). • Along the outside shoulder of an insloped road to ensure that runoff from the roadway drains inward and to protect the fill slope from continual disturbances during road blading and maintaining. See Land Grading (LG) – Roads. • Upslope of cut or fill slopes to divert flows away from disturbed areas. • Downslope of cut or fill slopes to divert on-site runoff to a stabilized outlet or sediment trapping device, although diversions are more commonly used for this application. See Diversion (D). • As temporary slope breakers to reduce runoff velocity and divert water off the construction right-of- way. Limitations • Berms may erode if not properly compacted and stabilized with vegetation or an erosion control blanket. Berms which are adjacent to concentrated flows will require erosion blanketing according to Erosion Control Blanket (ECB). • If a berm crosses a vehicle roadway or entrance, its effectiveness can be reduced. Wherever possible, berms should be designed to avoid crossing vehicle pathways. Design criteria No formal design is required. B-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Construction specifications 1. Prior to berm construction, remove all trees, brush, stumps, and other objects in the path of the berm and till the base of the berm before laying the fill. Fill may consist of topsoil or subsoil excavated during the construction of nearby roads or well pads. If fill material is excavated adjacent to berm, follow the specification for Diversion (D). 2. Construct the berm according to Figure B-1 for the appropriate drainage area. For points where vehicles will cross the berm, the side slope should be no steeper than 3:1 and the mound may be constructed of gravel rather than soil. This will prolong the life of the berm and increase effectiveness at the point of vehicle crossing. For well pad perimeter installation the pad side of the berm should be sloped at 1.5:1 to help prevent vehicles from backing over the edge of the pad. 3. To remain effective, berms should be compacted with tracked equipment, if possible. 4. All berms shall have positive drainage to a stabilized outlet so that runoff does not collect in ponds on the upslope side of the berm, but instead flows along the berm until it reaches a stabilized outlet. Field location should be adjusted as needed. Stabilized outlet may be a well-vegetated area, a well pad detention pond, or a sediment control such as a silt fence or a sediment trap where sediment can settle out of the runoff before being discharged to surface waters. 5. If the expected life span of the berm is greater than 15 days, it is strongly recommended that the berm be stabilized with vegetation or an erosion control blanket immediately after construction. Stabilization is required where concentrated flows are expected. See Table B-1 for recommended stabilization methods for berms on various slopes. 6. Berms should be constructed and fully stabilized prior to commencement of major upslope land disturbance. This will maximize the effectiveness of the structure as a stormwater control device. 7. If using berms as temporary slope breakers to reduce runoff velocity, space the berms according to the following table: Slope (%) Spacing (feet) 5 – 15 300 >15 – 30 200 >30 100 Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Berms should be inspected for evidence of erosion or deterioration to ensure continued effectiveness. Berms should also be maintained at the original height. Any decrease in height due to settling or erosion, which impacts the effectiveness of the BMP, should be repaired immediately. Removal Berms should remain in place and in good condition until all upslope disturbed areas are permanently stabilized. There is no need to formally remove the berm on completion of stabilization until interim or final reclamation. B-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc References Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards Table B-1 Temporary Berm Stabilization Type of Treatment Channel Grade1 A (<5 Ac.) B (5-10 Ac) 1 0.5-3.0% Seed & Straw Mulch Seed & Straw Mulch 2 3.0-5.0% Seed & Straw Mulch Seed and cover with erosion control blanket, or lined with 2-inch stone 3 5.0-8.0% Seed and cover with erosion control blanket, or line with 2-inch stone Line with 4 to 8-inch stone or rock2 4 8.0-20.0% Line with 4 to 8-inch or stone or rock2 Engineering Design Notes: 1 In highly erodible soils, as defined by the local approving agency, refer to the next higher slope grade for type of stabilization. 2 Site rock if available, shall be broken into the required size. B-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure B-1 Berm Installation B-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Culvert (C) Description Culverts are typically concrete, steel, aluminum, or plastic pipe used to move ditch water under the road or to direct stream flow under the road or construction area. Applicability Culverts are ideal on road grades less than 15%. For grades over 15%, it is difficult to slow down the water or remove it from the road surface rapidly. On such steep grades, it is best to use frequently spaced relief culverts and drainage crossing culverts with armored ditches. Culverts may be used in the following applications: • As drainage crossing culverts in streams and gullies to allow normal drainage to flow under the traveled way. • As ditch relief culverts to periodically relieve the inside ditch line flow by piping water to the opposite side of the road where the flow can be dispersed away from the roadway. Culverts placed in natural drainages may be utilized for ditch relief. Limitations • If undersized, culverts are susceptible to plugging and require cleaning. • Culverts will not filter sediment. • Culverts are easily crushed if not properly designed. Design criteria Capacity C-1 All culverts should be designed for a minimum 25-year-frequency storm with an allowable head that does not overlap the roadway. However, the minimum acceptable size culvert diameter to prevent failure from debris blockage is 18 inches for intermittent stream crossings and 36 inches for perennial stream crossings. Pipe June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc size can be determined using general design criteria, such as in Table C-1, but is ideally based upon site- specific hydrologic analysis. Depth The depth of culvert burial must be sufficient to ensure protection of the culvert barrel for the design life of the culvert. This requires anticipating the amount of material that may be lost due to road use and erosion. Headwalls Use headwalls on culvert pipes as often as possible (see Retaining Wall (RW)). The advantages of headwalls include: preventing large pipes from floating out of the ground when they plug; reducing the length of the pipe; increasing pipe capacity; helping to funnel debris through the pipe; retaining the backfill material; and reducing the chances of culvert failure if it is overtopped. Construction specifications Drainage crossing culverts 1. Make road crossings of natural drainages perpendicular to the drainage to minimize pipe length and area of disturbance (Figure C-1). 2. Use single large pipes versus multiple smaller diameter pipes to minimize plugging potential in most channels (unless roadway elevation is critical). In very broad channels, multiple pipes are desirable to maintain the natural flow spread across the channel. All culverts should be concrete, corrugated metal pipe (CMP) made of steel or aluminum, or properly bedded and backfilled corrugated plastic pipe. 3. Align culverts in the bottom and middle of the natural channel flowline so that installation causes no change in the stream channel alignment or stream bottom elevation. Culverts should not cause damming or pooling or increase stream velocities significantly. 4. Extend the outlet of the culvert at least 1 foot beyond the toe of the slope to prevent erosion of the fill material. Alternatively, use retaining walls (headwalls) to hold back the fill slope. 5. It may be necessary to install riprap, erosion control blanketing, a combination of the riprap and blanketing, or other energy dissipater device at the outlet end of the culvert to reduce soil erosion or to trap sediment (see Culvert Outlet Protection (COP)). 6. It may be desirable to construct pulloffs/turnouts for vehicles on one or both sides of narrow culvert crossings. This will help avoid culvert crushing as well as disturbance to roadside ditches and berms. Ditch relief culverts 1. See Figure C-2 for installation details. 2. Ditch relief culverts can provide better flow when skewed 0 to 30 degrees perpendicular to the road. 3. The culvert gradient should be at least 2% greater than the approach ditch gradient. This improves the flow hydraulics and reduces siltation and debris from plugging the culvert inlet. 4. Discharge culvert at natural ground level where possible (see Figure C 3 Type A), on firm, non-erosive soil or in rocky or brushy areas. If discharged on the fill slopes, armor outlets with riprap or slash (see Figure C-3 – Type B), or use down-drain structures (see Figure C-3 – Type C and Slope Drain (SD)). 5. Extend the inlet of the culvert at least 1 foot beyond the flowline of the roadside ditch. Extend the outlet of the culvert at least 1 foot beyond the toe of slopes to prevent erosion of the fill material. C-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 6. It may be necessary to install riprap or other energy dissipater devices at the outlet end of the culvert to prevent soil erosion or to trap sediment (see Culvert Outlet Protection (COP)). 7. Spacing of culverts is dependent on the road gradient, soil types, and runoff characteristics according to the following table: Road grade Soil type 2–4% 5–8% 9–12% Highly corrosive granitic or sandy 240’ 180’ 140’ Intermediate erosive clay or load 310’ 260’ 200’ Low erosive shale or gravel 400’ 325’ 250’ 8. It may be desirable to construct pulloffs/turnouts for vehicles on one or both sides of narrow culvert crossings. This will help avoid culvert crushing as well as disturbance to roadside ditches and berms. Backfill and compaction 1. See Figure C-4. 2. Firmly compact well-graded fill material (soil or road base) around culverts, particularly around the bottom half, using placement in layers to achieve a uniform density. Use slightly plastic sandy gravel with fines. Avoid the use of fine sand and silt rich soils for bedding material because of their susceptibility to piping. Pay particular attention to culvert bedding and compaction around the haunches of the pipe. Do not allow the compaction to move or raise the pipe. In large fills, allow for settlement. 3. Cover the top of metal and plastic culvert pipes with fill to a depth of at least 1 foot to prevent pipe crushing by heavy trucks. Use a minimum cover of 2 feet of fill over concrete pipe. For maximum allowable fill height, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations. 4. Mound fill over the top of culvert pipes so that the road is slightly raised at culvert locations to help prevent erosion and water from ponding over culvert crossings. This practice, as well as placing large boulders around the culvert outlets, will also help to prevent culverts from crushing. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. If any damage to culvert or inlet/outlet protection is noted or if there is any evidence of scour, repairs should be made immediately. Any debris that may be blocking the culvert inlet or outlet should be removed. References Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> C-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc United States Department of the Interior and United States Department of Agriculture. Surface Operating Standards and Guidelines for Oil and Gas Exploration and Development “Gold Book”. BLM/WO/ST- 06/021+3071. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Denver, Colorado. Fourth Edition, 2006. Table C-1 Culvert Sizing Size of Drainage Structure (diameter and area) Steep Slopes (Light Vegetation) C=0.7 Gentle Slopes (Heavy Vegetation) C=0.2 Drainage Area (acres) Round Pipe (in) Area (sq. ft) Round Pipe (in) Area (sq. ft) 0 – 10 30” 4.9 18” 1.8 10 - 20 42” 9.6 24” 3.1 20 - 35 48” 12.6 30” 4.9 35 - 75 72” 28.3 42” 9.6 75 - 125 84” 38.5 48” 12.6 125 - 200 96” 50.3 60” 19.6 Notes: If pipe size is not available, use the next larger pipe size for the given drainage area. For intermediate terrain, interpolate between pipe sizes. Pipe size is based upon the Rational Formula and Culvert Capacity curves. Assumes a rainfall intensity of 3 to 4 in/hr. Values of “C” are the Runoff Coefficients for the terrain. C-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure C-1 Drainage Crossing Culvert Alignment & Overflow Dip Figure C-2 Ditch Relief Culvert Installation C-5 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure C-3 Culvert Installation Options Figure C-4 Culvert Backfill and Compaction C-6 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Culvert Inlet Protection (CIP) Description Culvert protection is required at both the inlet to the culvert (upstream side) and the outlet to the culvert (downstream side). Culvert inlet protection may involve placing boulders, riprap, gabions, rock retaining walls, slash, and/or any other protection at the inlets of pipes. Riprap, or other energy-dissipating devices, will reduce the velocity of stormwater flows and thereby prevent erosion and help protect the inlet structure. Applicability Riprap inlet protection should be used where velocities and energies at the inlets of culverts are sufficient to erode around the inlet structure. Riprap may also be used to help channel the stormwater to the inlet of the culvert. Design criteria Riprap, gabions, or rock retaining walls at culvert inlets shall be designed according to their appropriate BMPs. Construction specifications Figure CIP-1 shows typical culvert inlet protection. However, site specifics shall dictate actual design. 1. Riprap, gabions, or rock retaining walls at culvert inlets shall be constructed according to their appropriate BMPs. 2. After installation of a culvert, examine the stream channel for the amount of debris, logs, and brushy vegetation present. In channels with large amounts of debris, consider using oversized pipes. 3. Boulders should be drystacked around the culvert inlet and up the slope to the edge of the road. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Inspect for debris at the entrance to culverts and within culverts. Inspect riprap at culvert inlets for damaged or dislodged stones. Any needed repairs that reduce the effectiveness of the BMP should be made immediately. CIP-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc References Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> Figure CIP-1 Typical Inlet Protection CIP-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Culvert Outlet Protection (COP) Description Culvert protection is required at both the inlet to the culvert (upstream side) and the outlet to the culvert (downstream side). Culvert outlet protection involves placing structurally lined aprons or other appropriate energy-dissipating devices, such as large boulders or plunge pools, at the outlets of pipes to reduce the velocity of stormwater flows and thereby prevent scouring at stormwater outlets, protect the outlet structure, and minimize potential for erosion downstream. Applicability Culvert outlet protection should be used where discharge velocities and energies at the outlets of culverts or channels are sufficient to erode the next downstream reach. Limitations Rock aprons at culvert outlets should not be placed on slopes steeper than 10 percent. Runoff from pipe outlets at the top of cuts/fills or on slopes steeper than 10 percent should be routed via slope drains or riprap chutes to a rock apron at the toe of the slope. Otherwise flows will re-concentrate and gain velocities as the flow leaves the apron. Design criteria Gabions or rock retaining walls at culvert outlets shall be designed according to their appropriate BMPs. No formal design is required for plunge pools at outlets. Riprap aprons at culvert outlets shall be designed as follows: Tailwater depth. The depth of tailwater immediately below the pipe outlet must be determined for the design capacity of the pipe. If the tailwater depth is less than half the diameter of the outlet pipe, and the receiving stream is wide enough to accept divergence of the flow, it shall be classified as a Minimum Tailwater Condition. If the tailwater depth is greater than half the pipe diameter and the receiving stream will continue to confine the flow, it shall be classified as a Maximum Tailwater Condition. Pipes which outlet onto flat areas with no defined channel may be assumed to have a Minimum Tailwater Condition. COP-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Riprap apron size & D50. The apron length (LA) and the D50 of the riprap shall be determined from Table COP-1 according to the design flow and whether there is a minimum or maximum tailwater condition. The apron width (W) shall then be determined as: W = d + 0.4 LA where d is the diameter of the culvert. If the pipe discharges directly into a well defined channel, the apron shall extend across the channel bottom and up the channel banks to an elevation 1 foot above the maximum tailwater depth or to the top of the bank, whichever is less. The upstream end of the apron, adjacent to the pipe, shall have a width two (2) times the diameter of the outlet pipe, or conform to pipe end section if used. Riprap materials. The outlet protection may be done using rock riprap or grouted riprap. Riprap shall be composed of a well-graded mixture of stone size so that 50 percent of the pieces, by weight, shall be larger than the D50 size determined from Table COP-1. A well-graded mixture, as used herein, is defined as a mixture composed primarily of larger stone sizes, but with a sufficient mixture of other sizes to fill the smaller voids between the stones. The diameter of the largest stone size in such a mixture shall be 1.5 times the D50 size. All grout for grouted riprap must be one part Portland cement for every 3 parts sand, mixed thoroughly with water. Filter. If a filter cloth or gravel is used, it should be designed according to Riprap (R). Apron thickness. The minimum thickness of the riprap layer shall be 1.5 times the maximum stone diameter for D50 of 15 inches or less; and 1.2 times the maximum stone size for D50 greater than 15 inches. Riprap stone quality. Stone for riprap shall consist of field stone or rough unhewn quarry stone. The stone shall be hard and angular and of a quality that will not disintegrate on exposure to water or weathering. The specific gravity of the individual stones shall be at least 2.5. Site rock or site boulders may be used provided it has a density of at least 150 pounds per cubic foot, and does not have any exposed steel or reinforcing bars. Construction specifications Gabions or rock retaining walls at culvert outlets shall be constructed according to their appropriate BMPs. Riprap aprons at culvert outlets shall be constructed according to Figure COP-1 and as follows: 1. Prepare the subgrade for the riprap to the required lines and grades. Any fill required in the subgrade shall be compacted to a density of appr oximately that of the surrounding undisturbed material. 2. If a pipe discharges into a well-defined channel, the channel's side slopes may not be steeper than 2:1. 3. Construct apron to the design length and width with no slope (Figure COP-1). The invert elevations must be equal at the receiving channel and the apron's downstream end. No overfall at the end of the apron is allowed. The elevation of the downstream end of the apron shall be equal to the elevation of the receiving channel or adjacent ground. The outlet protection apron shall be located so that there are no bends in the horizontal alignment. 4. Line the apron with riprap, grouted riprap, or concrete. Riprap should be the appropriate size and thickness as designed. See Riprap (R) for the placement of riprap. COP-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 5. If a culvert outlets at the top of cuts/fills or on slopes steeper than 10 percent one of the following two options is suggested: a. Transition culvert to a slope drain according to Slope Drain (SD). The slope drain shall convey stormwater to the bottom of the slope where a riprap apron, as designed above, shall prevent erosion at the slope drain outlet. b. Line slope below culvert outlet with a riprap channel to convey stormwater to the bottom of the slope where a riprap apron, as designed above, shall prevent erosion at the bottom of the slope. The riprap channel shall be designed according to the table in the Riprap (R) BMP that is based on depth of flow and slope. The riprap channel shall dip into the slope so that all water is contained within the channel, flows to the riprap outlet apron at the base of the slope, and does not spill over the sides onto unprotected soil. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. The maintenance needs are usually very low for properly installed riprap aprons at culvert outlets. However, inspect for evidence of scour beneath riprap at outlet aprons or for dislodged stones. And needed repairs that reduce the effectiveness of the BMP should be made immediately. References Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> COP-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Table COP-1 Outlet Protection Design COP-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure COP-1 Typical Outlet Protection COP-5 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Diversion (D) Definition A diversion is a drainage way of parabolic or trapezoidal cross section with a supporting ridge on the lower side that is constructed across the slope. The purpose of a diversion is to prevent off-site storm runoff from entering a disturbed area, to prevent sediment laden storm runoff from leaving the construction site or disturbed area, to prevent flows from eroding slopes, and to direct sediment laden flows to a trapping device. Applicability Diversions may be designed for temporary or permanent use. The maximum drainage area for temporary, un-compacted diversions is 2 acres. For drainage areas larger than 2 acres but less than 10 acres, the diversion should be compacted. For undisturbed drainage areas larger than 10 acres, a permanent diversion may be designed to handle larger flows. Diversions may be used for the following applications: • Upslope of cut or fill slopes to convey or divert flows away from disturbed areas. See Run-On Diversion (ROD). • Down-slope of cut or fill slopes to divert on-site runoff to a stabilized outlet or sediment trapping device. • At the outer edge of a well pad to ensure that runoff remains on the pad and is diverted to a well pad detention pond, if available. See Detention Pond (DP). • Where runoff from higher areas has potential for causing erosion, or interfering with, or preventing the establishment of, vegetation on lower areas. • Where the length of slopes needs to be reduced so that soil loss will be kept to a minimum. • At the perimeter of a site or disturbed area. Limitations • The area around the diversion channel that is disturbed by its construction must be stabilized (with vegetation or other erosion control) so that it is not subject to similar erosion as the steep slope the channel is built to protect. • To alleviate erosion capability, diversions must be directed into a stabilized outlet or well-vegetated area or to sediment trapping devices, where erosion sediment can settle out of the runoff before being discharged to surface waters. D-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc • Temporary diversions should be designed to avoid crossing vehicle pathways. • Diversions should be used with caution on soils subject to slippage. Design criteria For a temporary diversion (drainage area less than 10 acres), no formal design is necessary. For a run-on diversion see the Run-On Diversion (ROD) BMP. For other permanent diversions (drainage area larger than 10 acres) the following guidelines apply: Location Diversion location shall be determined by considering outlet conditions, topography, land use, soil type, length of slope, and the development layout. Capacity Peak rates of runoff values used in determining the capacity requirements shall be as outlined by TR-55, Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds. The constructed diversion shall have capacity to carry, as a minimum, the peak discharge from a 10-year frequency rainfall event with freeboard of not less than 0.3 feet. Cross section See Figure D-2 for details. The diversion channel shall be parabolic or trapezoidal in shape, if possible. The diversion shall be designed to have stable side slopes. The side slopes shall not be steeper than 2:1 and shall be flat enough to ensure ease of maintenance of the diversion and its protective vegetative cover. The ridge shall have a minimum width of 4 feet at the design water elevation; a minimum of 0.3 feet freeboard and a reasonable settlement factor (10%) shall be provided. Velocity and grade The permissible velocity for the specific soil type will determine the maximum grade. The maximum permissible velocity for sand and silt vegetated channels is 3 ft/sec, and 5 ft/sec for clay vegetated channels. Diversions are not usually applicable below high sediment producing areas unless structural measures, designed to prevent damaging accumulations of sediment in the channels, are installed with, or before, the diversions. Construction specifications General 1. All trees, brush, stumps, obstructions, and other objectionable material shall be removed and disposed of so as not to interfere with the proper functioning of the diversion. 2. All diversions shall have uninterrupted positive grade to an outlet. 3. Each diversion must have an adequate outlet where outflow will not cause damage. Diverted runoff from a disturbed area shall be conveyed to a sediment trapping device. Diverted runoff from an undisturbed area shall outlet to a sediment trapping device or into an undisturbed stabilized area at non-erosive velocities. Vegetated outlets shall be installed before diversion construction, if needed, to ensure establishment of vegetative cover in the outlet channel. D-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Temporary diversion (drainage area <10 acres) See Figure D-1. 1. The diversion shall be excavated or shaped to line, grade, and cross section as required to meet the specified criteria. The diversion does not need to be compacted if the contributing drainage area is less than 2 acres. 2. Stabilization with vegetation is not required as long as sediment traps or other sediment control devices are provided. Permanent diversion (drainage area >10 acres) See Figure D-2. 1. The diversion shall be excavated or shaped to line, grade, and cross section as required to meet the criteria specified herein, and be free of bank projections or other irregularities which will impede normal flow. 2. Parabolic and triangular-shaped, grass-lined channels should not have a top width of more than 30 feet. Trapezoidal, grass-lined channels may not have a bottom width of more than 15 feet unless there are multiple or divided waterways, they have a riprap center, or other methods of controlling the meandering of low flows are provided. 3. If grass-lined channels have a base flow, a stone center or subsurface drain or another method for managing the base flow must be provided. 4. Fills shall be compacted as needed to prevent unequal settlement that would cause damage in the complete diversion. 5. All earth removed and not needed in construction shall be spread or disposed of on the construction side of the diversion so that it will not interfere with the functioning of the diversion. 6. Immediately after the ridge and channel are constructed, they must be seeded or hydro-seeded and mulched according to Revegetation (RV) and Mulching (M) or Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) along with any disturbed areas that drain into the diversion. a. For design velocities less than 3.5 ft/sec, seeding and mulching may be used for establishment of the vegetation. It is recommended that, when conditions permit, temporary diversions or other means should be used to prevent water from entering the diversion during the establishment of the vegetation. b. For design velocities of more than 3.5 ft/sec, the diversion shall be stabilized with seeding protected by Jute or Excelsior matting, or with seeding and mulching until the vegetation is established. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Channels should be cleared of sediment, repairs made when necessary, and seeded areas reseeded if a vegetative cover is not established. Maintain diversion capacity, ridge height, and outlet elevations especially if high sediment yielding areas are in the drainage area above the diversion. Establish necessary cleanout requirements. Redistribute sediment as necessary to maintain the capacity of the diversion. D-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Removal Temporary and un-compacted diversions shall remain in place only until the disturbed areas are permanently stabilized. Permanent diversions shall remain in place until final reclamation. References Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Field Office Technical Guide. 2002. <www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg> Figure D-1 Temporary Diversion Installation Figure D-2 Permanent Diversion Installation D-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Drainage Dip (DD) Description Drainage dips intercept and remove surface water from the road and shoulders before the combination of water volume and velocity begins to erode the surface materials. Drainage dips are constructed diagonally across and as part of the road surface, and will pass slow traffic while dispersing surface water. Applicability Drainage dips may be used in the following applications: • To move water off the road surface efficiently and economically • In place of a culvert, which is costly and susceptible to plugging or failure • On low volume, low to moderate speed roads (10-35 mph) with grades less than 12% Limitations • Size limited by the safe passage of trucks and equipment • May cause concentrated flows from sheet flows • Requires vegetative cover or other sediment filter/trap at discharge point Design criteria No formal design required. Construction specifications See Figure DD-1. 1. Construct rolling dips deep enough to provide adequate drainage, angled 0-25 degrees from perpendicular to the road, with a 3-5% outslope, and long enough (50 to 200 feet) to pass vehicles and equipment. DD-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 2. In soft soils, armor the mound and dip with gravel or rock, as well as the outlet of the dip. 3. Spacing of drainage dips depends upon local conditions such as soil material, grade, and topography. See Table DD-1 for recommended maximum distances between drainage dips. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Inspections should pay close attention to discharge points. References Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> Maine Department of Conservation, Best Management Practices for Forestry: Protecting Maine’s Water Quality. Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management Division. Augusta, Maine. 2004. <http://www.state.me.us/doc/mfs/pubs/pdf/bmp_manual/bmp_manual.pdf> United States Department of the Interior and United States Department of Agriculture. Surface Operating Standards and Guidelines for Oil and Gas Exploration and Development “Gold Book”. BLM/WO/ST- 06/021+3071. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Denver, Colorado. Fourth Edition, 2006. Table DD-1 Maximum Distance between Drainage Dips Road Grade, % Low to Non-Erosive Soils (1) Erosive Soils (2) 0 - 3 400’ 200’ 4 - 6 300’ 160’ 7 - 9 250’ 130’ 10 - 12 200’ 110’ 12+ 160’ 100’ (1) Low Erosion Soils = Coarse Rocky Soils, Gravel, and Some Clay (2) High Erosion Soils = Fine, Friable Soils, Silt, Fine Sands DD-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure DD-1 Typical Drainage Dip DD-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Level Spreader (LS) Description A level spreader is a device used to prevent erosion and to improve infiltration by spreading concentrated stormwater runoff evenly over the ground as shallow flow instead of through channels. It usually involves a depression in the soil surface that disperses flow onto a flatter area across a slight slope and then releases the flow onto level vegetated areas. This reduces flow speed and increases infiltration. Applicability A level spreader is most effective for a contributing area less than 5 acres in size and slopes no steeper than 2:1. Level spreaders may be used where: • Sediment-free storm runoff can be released in sheet flow down a stabilized slope without causing erosion. • A level lip can be constructed without filling. • The area below the level lip is uniform with a slope of 10% or less and the runoff will not re- concentrate after release. • No traffic will be allowed over the spreader. Limitations This practice applies only in those situations where the spreader can be constructed on undisturbed soil and the area below the level lip is uniform with a slope of 10% or less and is stabilized by natural vegetation. The runoff water should not be allowed to reconcentrate after release unless it occurs during interception by another measure (such as a detention basin) located below the level spreader. Design criteria Capacity The design capacity shall be determined by estimating the peak flow from the 10-year storm. The drainage area shall be restricted to limit the maximum flows into the spreader to 30 cubic feet per second (cfs). LS-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Construction specifications See Figure LS-1 for details. 1. A transition section will be constructed from the diversion channel to the spreader to smoothly blend the different dimension and grades. 2. The level lip will be constructed in undisturbed soil to a uniform height and zero grade over the length of the spreader. For design flows less than 5 cfs, a vegetated level lip may be constructed with an erosion-resistant material, such as jute or excelsior blankets, to inhibit erosion and allow vegetation to become established. The matting should be a minimum of 4 ft. wide extending 6 inches over the lip and buried 6 inches deep in a vertical trench on the lower edge. 3. For design flows higher than 5 cfs and permanent installations, a rigid level lip of non-erodible material, such as site rock and gravel, should be used. 4. The runoff will be discharged onto a stabilized and generally smooth vegetated slope not exceeding 10%. 5. Seed and mulch the disturbed area immediately after construction. 6. Heavy equipment and traffic should not be allowed on the level spreader, as they can cause compaction of soil and disturbance of the slope grade. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. The spreader should be regraded if ponding or erosion channels develop. Dense vegetation should be sustained and damaged areas reseeded when necessary. Removal Level spreaders may be left in place or removed upon final site reclamation. References City of Knoxville, Stormwater Engineering, Knoxville BMP Manual - Best Management Practices. July 2003. http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/engineering Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Engineering and Design - Handbook for the Preparation of Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans for Construction Activities. February 1997. http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-pamphlets/ep1110-1-16/ LS-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure LS-1 Level Spreader Installation LS-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Roadside Ditches (RSD) and Turnouts (TO) Description Roadside ditches are channels constructed parallel to roads. The ditches convey concentrated runoff of surface water from roads and surrounding areas to a stabilized outlet. Turnouts (wing ditches) are extensions of roadside ditches. Turnouts effectively remove runoff water from the roadside ditch into well-stabilized areas before it reaches a waterway. Applicability • Roadside ditches should be used for all roads built on sloping topography and with either an insloped or a crowned design. • Ditch turnouts should be used as much as possible but their best use may be on slopes longer than 150 ft or greater than 5%, as conditions allow. • Turnouts are applicable where fairly flat naturally vegetated areas exist at intervals by the roadside. Limitations • If these structures are not installed correctly they may become a source of erosion. • Roadside ditches do not necessarily filter sediment from runoff. • Turnouts should be on gradual slopes only. • Turnouts require vegetative cover or other filter at the discharge point. • Turnouts only work well if small volumes of runoff drain into the turnout. Turnouts should only receive runoff from the road and ditch surface, not from large, uphill watersheds. Design criteria No formal design is required. RSD/TO-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Construction specifications Roadside ditches 1. Roadside ditches should be constructed with no projections of roots, stumps, rocks, or similar debris. 2. Excavate ditches along roadside to a width and depth that can handle expected flows according to Figure RSD-1. 3. All ditches shall have uninterrupted positive grade to an outlet. Slope ditch so that water velocities do not cause excessive erosion, but no less than 0.5%. If steep slopes and high velocities exist, use check dams to slow runoff and catch sediment. 4. To control erosion and collect sediment, construct aggregate check dams according to Figure CD-1 of Check Dam (CD). 5. All ditches shall convey runoff to a sediment trapping device such as a Sediment Trap (ST) or an undisturbed, well vegetated, and stabilized area at non-erosive velocity. 6. If necessary, stabilize ditches with Riprap (R) or erosion control blanketing. Turnouts 1. Use turnouts wherever possible and on undisturbed soil. 2. Slope turnout gradually down from bottom of roadside ditch. 3. Angle turnout at approximately 30 degrees to the roadside ditch. 4. Discharge turnout into well-vegetated area or install a secondary control such as a wattle, sediment trap, or silt fence. As a good Rule of Thumb, the vegetated outlet area should be a minimum of one-half the size of the total drainage area draining into it. If well-vegetated outlet areas are not available, use culverts or other controls to direct runoff to a stabilized area. 5. Space turnouts according to slope as indicated on Figure TO-1. 6. Turnouts only work well if small volumes of runoff drain into the turnout. Turnouts should only receive runoff from the road and ditch surface, not from large, uphill watersheds. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Road ditches and turnouts should be inspected for any signs of channelization, and repaired as necessary. Structures will fail if water exits in channelized flow. Also inspect for sediment buildup at the outlet and at aggregate check dams and remove if necessary. References Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> United States Department of the Interior and United States Department of Agriculture. Surface Operating Standards and Guidelines for Oil and Gas Exploration and Development “Gold Book”. BLM/WO/ST- 06/021+3071. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Denver, Colorado. Fourth Edition, 2006. RSD/TO-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure RSD-1 Roadside Ditch Installation Figure TO-1 Turnout Layout RSD/TO-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Run-On Diversion (ROD) Definition A run-on diversion is a drainage way of parabolic or trapezoidal cross section with a supporting ridge on the lower side that is constructed across the slope. The purpose of a run-on diversion is to prevent off-site storm runoff from entering a disturbed area and to direct the runoff to a sediment or erosion control device. Applicability A run-on diversion is typically a permanent control designed for a drainage area larger than 10 acres where high flow is expected. Run-on diversions are used upslope of cut or fill slopes to convey or divert flows away from disturbed areas. Limitations • The area around the diversion channel that is disturbed by its construction must be stabilized (with vegetation or other erosion control) so that it is not subject to erosion similar to that of the steep slope the diversion is built to protect. • To alleviate erosion capability, diversions must be directed into a stabilized outlet or well-vegetated area or to sediment trapping devices, where erosion sediment can settle out of the runoff before being discharged to surface waters. • Run-on diversions should be used with caution on soils subject to slippage. Design criteria Location Run-on diversions should be located above cut or fill slopes. Where possible (shallow slopes), a vegetated buffer strip should be left between the edge of the cut or fill slope and the diversion. Location shall also depend on outlet conditions, topography, land use, soil type, length of slope, and the development layout. ROD-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Capacity Peak rates of runoff values used in determining the capacity requirements shall be as outlined by TR-55, Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds. The constructed diversion shall have capacity to carry, as a minimum, the peak discharge from a 10-year frequency rainfall event with freeboard of not less than 0.3 feet. Cross section See Figure ROD-1 for details. The diversion channel shall be parabolic or trapezoidal in shape. The diversion shall be designed to have stable side slopes. The side slopes shall not be steeper than 2:1 and shall be flat enough to ensure ease of maintenance of the diversion and its protective vegetative cover. The ridge shall have a minimum width of 4 feet at the design water elevation; a minimum of 0.3 feet freeboard and a reasonable settlement factor (10%) shall be provided. Velocity and grade The permissible velocity for the specific soil type will determine the maximum grade. The maximum permissible velocity for sand and silt vegetated channels is 3 ft/sec, and 5 ft/sec for clay vegetated channels. Run-on diversions are not usually applicable below high sediment producing areas unless structural measures, designed to prevent damaging accumulations of sediment in the channels, are installed with, or before, the diversions. Construction specifications 1. All trees, brush, stumps, obstructions, and other objectionable material shall be removed and disposed of so as not to interfere with the proper functioning of the diversion 2. All diversions shall have uninterrupted positive grade to an outlet. 3. Each diversion must have an adequate outlet where outflow will not cause damage. Diverted runoff shall outlet to a sediment trapping device or into an undisturbed stabilized area at non- erosive velocities. Vegetated outlets shall be installed before diversion construction, if needed, to ensure establishment of vegetative cover in the outlet channel. 4. The diversion shall be excavated or shaped to line, grade, and cross section as required to meet the criteria specified herein, and be free of bank projections or other irregularities which will impede normal flow. 5. Parabolic and triangular-shaped, grass-lined channels should not have a top width of more than 30 feet. Trapezoidal, grass-lined channels may not have a bottom width of more than 15 feet unless there are multiple or divided waterways, they have a riprap center, or other methods of controlling the meandering of low flows are provided. 6. If grass-lined channels have a base flow, a stone center or subsurface drain or another method for managing the base flow must be provided. 7. Fills shall be compacted as needed to prevent unequal settlement that would cause damage in the complete diversion. 8. All earth removed and not needed in construction shall be spread or disposed of on the well pad side of the diversion so that it will not interfere with the functioning of the diversion. ROD-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 9. Immediately after the ridge and channel are constructed, they must be seeded or hydroseeded, and mulched or covered with erosion blanketing according to Revegetation (RV), Mulching (M), and/or Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) along with any disturbed areas that drain into the diversion. a. For design velocities less than 3.5 ft/sec, seeding and mulching may be used for establishment of the vegetation. It is recommended that, when conditions permit, temporary diversions or other means should be used to prevent water from entering the diversion during the establishment of the vegetation. b. For design velocities or more than 3.5 ft/sec, the diversion shall be stabilized with seeding protected by Jute or Excelsior matting, or with seeding and mulching including temporary diversion of the water until the vegetation is established. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Channels should be cleared of sediment, repairs made when necessary, and seeded areas reseeded if a vegetative cover is not established. Maintain diversion capacity, ridge height, and outlet elevations especially if high sediment yielding areas are in the drainage area above the diversion. Establish necessary cleanout requirements. Redistribute sediment as necessary to maintain the capacity of the diversion. Removal Run-on diversions shall remain in place until final reclamation. References Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Field Office Technical Guide. 2002. <www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg> Figure ROD-1 Run-On Diversion Installation ROD-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Slope Drain (SD) Description A slope drain is a conduit extending the length of a disturbed slope and serving as a temporary outlet for a diversion. Slope drains convey runoff without causing erosion on or at the bottom of the slope. This practice is a temporary measure used during grading operations until permanent drainage structures are installed and until slopes are permanently stabilized. They are typically used for less than 2 years. Applicability Slope drains can be used on most disturbed slopes to eliminate gully erosion problems resulting from concentrated flows discharged at a diversion outlet. Recently graded slopes that do not have permanent drainage measures installed should have a slope drain and a temporary diversion installed. A slope drain used in conjunction with a diversion conveys stormwater flows and reduces erosion until permanent drainage structures are installed. Limitations The area drained by a temporary slope drain should not exceed 5 acres. Physical obstructions substantially reduce the effectiveness of the drain. Other concerns are failures from overtopping because of inadequate pipe inlet capacity, and reduced diversion channel capacity and ridge height. Design criteria No formal design is required. Construction specifications See Figure SD-1 for installation details. 1. The slope drain shall have a slope of 3 percent or steeper. 2. The top of the diversion berm over the inlet pipe, and those diversions carrying water to the pipe, shall be at least 6 inches higher at all points than the top of the inlet pipe. 3. A flared end section of corrugated metal shall be attached to the inlet end of the pipe with a watertight connection. The corrugated metal pipe should have watertight joints at the ends. SD-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 4. The drain should consist of heavy-duty material manufactured for the purpose and have grommets for anchoring at a spacing of 10 feet or less. The pipe is typically corrugated plastic or flexible tubing, although for flatter, shorter slopes, a polyethylene-lined channel is sometimes used. Where flexible tubing is used, it shall be the same diameter as the inlet pipe and shall be constructed of a durable material. 5. The soil around and under the pipe and end section shall be hand tamped in 4 in. lifts to the top of the diversion berm. 6. The slope drain shall outlet into a sediment trapping device when the drainage area is disturbed. A riprap apron shall be installed below the pipe outlet where water is being discharged into a stabilized area. 7. A riprap apron shall be used below the pipe outlet where clean water is being discharged into a stabilized area. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Inspections should determine if capacity or slope drain was exceeded or if blockages occurred. Repairs should be made promptly. Construction equipment and vehicular traffic must be rerouted around slope drains. Removal Remove slope drain on completion of construction and stabilization activities. References Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> SD-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure SD-1 Slope Drain Installation SD-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Trench Breakers (TB) Description Trench breakers, also known as trench plugs, are used to slow the flow of subsurface water along a pipeline trench. Trench breakers may be constructed of materials such as sand bags or polyurethane foam. Applicability Trench breakers may be used in the following applications: • On steep slopes. • Above wetlands. • At waterbody crossings. • At road crossings. Design criteria No formal design is required. Construction specifications 1. Trench breakers should be installed both before and after the lowering-in of pipeline. 2. An engineer or similarly qualified professional shall determine the need for and spacing of trench breakers. Otherwise, spacing shall be according to the following table: Slope (%) Spacing (feet) 5 – 15 300 15 – 30 200 >30 100 TB-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 3. At a minimum, install a trench breaker at the base of slopes greater than 5 percent where the base of the slope is less than 50 feet from a waterbody or wetland and where needed to avoid draining a waterbody or wetland. 4. Trench breakers should be installed to the top of the excavated trench line. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Repair any damaged areas. References Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Upland Erosion Control, Revegetation, and Maintenance Plan. January 2003. TB-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Water Bar (WB) Description A water bar is an earthen ridge, or ridge and channel, constructed diagonally across a sloping road, trail, or disturbed area that is subject to erosion. Water bars are normally used for drainage and erosion protection of buried pipelines or closed, blocked, or infrequently used roads to limit the accumulation of erosive volumes of water by diverting surface runoff at pre-designed intervals. Applicability Water bars are applicable where runoff protection is needed to prevent erosion on sloping access right-of- ways or long, narrow sloping areas generally less than 100 feet in width. This is a practice that is often used on buried pipelines, limited-use roads, trails, and firebreaks. It is an excellent method of retiring roads and trails as well as abandoned roads where surface water runoff may cause erosion of exposed mineral soil. Limitations • Not for use on concentrated flows • May cause concentrated flows from sheet flow • Requires vegetative cover or other filter at discharge point Design criteria No formal design is required. Construction specifications See Figure WB-1. 1. Clear the base for the ridge before placing fill. 2. Install the water bar across the right-of-way according to Figure WB-1 as soon as the base is cleared and graded. The off-slope drainage should be 2 to 5 percent. 3. Use a trackhoe or bulldozer to compact the ridge to the design cross section. 4. Vehicle crossings shall be stabilized with gravel. Exposed areas shall be immediately seeded and mulched. 5. Extend the water bar inlet and outlet 1 foot or more beyond the edge of the right-of-way or disturbed area to keep the diverted water from re-entering the area. 6. Space the water bars according to Table WB-1. 7. Locate the outlet on an undisturbed area. Field spacing shall be adjusted to use the most stable outlet areas. Outlet protection will be provided when natural areas are not adequate. WB-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Inspect water bars for erosion damage and sediment. Check outlet areas and make repairs as needed to restore operation. Removal If water bars are used on a closed or blocked road, they should be removed prior to re-opening of the road. Water bars on infrequently used roads or other disturbed areas may remain in place as long as necessary. References Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> Maine Department of Conservation, Best Management Practices for Forestry: Protecting Maine’s Water Quality. Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management Division. Augusta, Maine. 2004. <http://www.state.me.us/doc/mfs/pubs/pdf/bmp_manual/bmp_manual.pdf> New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> Table WB-1 Water Bar Spacing Road/Trail Grade (%) Low to Non-Erosive Soils (1) Erosive Soils (2) 0 - 5 245’ 130’ 6 – 10 200’ 100’ 11 - 15 150’ 65’ 16 - 20 115’ 50’ 21 - 30 100’ 40’ 31+ 50’ 30’ 1Low Erosion Soils = Coarse Rocky Soils, Gravel, and Some Clay 2High Erosion Soils = Fine, Friable Soils, Silt, Fine Sands WB-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure WB-1 WB-3 Water Bar Installation June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Sediment Control BMPs Check Dam (CD) Detention Pond (DP) Filter Berm (FB) Sediment Reservoir (SedR) Sediment Trap (ST) Silt Fence (SF) Slash (SL) Stabilized Construction Entrance (SCE) Straw Bale Barrier (SBB) Wattles (W) (BMP is provided with erosion controls) June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Check Dam (CD) Description Check dams are small, temporary dams constructed across a diversion or roadside ditch. Check dams can be constructed using aggregate, rock, sandbags, gravel bags, earth with erosion control blanketing, straw bales, or wattles and are used to slow the velocity of concentrated flow in a channel and thus reduce erosion. As a secondary function, check dams can also be used to catch sediment from the channel itself or from the contributing drainage area as stormwater runoff flows through or over the structure. Applicability • Check dams are most often used in small, open channels with a contributing drainage area of less than 10 acres, and side slopes of 2:1 or less. Check dams may be used in the following applications: • In diversions or roadside ditches where it is not practical to line the channel or implement other flow control and sediment control practices. • In diversions or roadside ditches where temporary seeding has been recently implemented but has not had time to take root and fully develop. • As a series of check dams, spaced at appropriate intervals, used in one of the above two applications. Limitations • Check dams should not be used in live, continuously flowing streams unless approved by an appropriate regulatory agency. • Check dams may require frequent removal of accumulated sediments. Dams should therefore be located in areas accessible to maintenance vehicles. • Leaves have been shown to be a significant problem by clogging check dams in the fall. Therefore, they might necessitate increased inspection and maintenance. • Straw bale check dams decompose over time, and may be consumed by livestock. Design criteria No formal design is required. CD-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Construction specifications 1. Install aggregate check dams according to Figure CD-1. Other types of check dams shall have similar designs. 2. Check dams should be located in areas accessible to maintenance vehicles for the periodic removal of accumulated sediments. 3. Dams should be installed with careful placement of the construction material. Mere dumping of the dam material into a channel is not appropriate and will reduce overall effectiveness. 4. Check dams can be constructed from a number of different materials. When using rock, the material diameter should be 1 to 15 inches depending on the expected velocity and quantity of runoff within the channel. Aggregate check dams, ideal for application within roadside ditches, should use a material diameter between 3/4 to 1-1/2”. Earth collected during excavation of diversions or roadside ditches may also be placed as check dams if covered with erosion control blanketing. Straw bales, wattles, or sand/gravel bags may also be used, but only if rock or aggregate is unavailable or not feasible for the location. 5. All check dams should have a maximum height of 3 feet with sufficient space up slope from the barrier to allow ponding, and to provide room for sediment storage. The center of the dam should be at least 6 inches lower than the edges. This design creates a weir effect that helps to channel flows away from the banks and prevent further erosion. 6. Additional stability can be achieved by implanting the dam material approximately 6 inches into the sides and bottom of the channel. 7. In order to be most effective, dams used in a series should be spaced such that the base of the upstream dam is at the same elevation as the top of the next downstream dam. 8. When installing more than one check dam in a channel, outlet erosion stabilization measures should be installed below the final dam in the series. Because this area is likely to be vulnerable to further erosion, riprap, erosion control blanket lining, or some other stabilization measure is highly recommended. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. During inspection, large debris, trash, and leaves should be removed. The center of a check dam should always be lower than its edges. If erosion or heavy flows cause the edges of a dam to fall to a height equal to or below the height of the center, and the effectiveness of the BMP is compromised, repairs should be made immediately. Accumulated sediment should be removed from the upstream side of a check dam when the sediment has reached a height of approximately one-half the original height of the dam (measured at the center). Close attention should be paid to the repair of damaged or rotting straw bales, end runs, and undercutting beneath bales. Replacement of bales should be accomplished promptly. Removal Removal of check dams is optional. Check dams within roadside ditches are usually used as temporary controls, where other check dams may be left in place to silt out. If removing a check dam, all accumulated sediment should be removed. Removal of a check dam should be completed only after the contributing drainage area has been completely stabilized. Permanent vegetation should replace areas from which gravel, stone, logs, or other material has been removed. CD-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc References Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. <http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Figure CD-1 Aggregate Check Dam Installation CD-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Detention Pond (DP) Description A detention pond shall be constructed on each well pad to collect and store all runoff from the surface of the pad. A culvert with a locking gate may be installed to allow dewatering to occur if the water tests clean and is acceptable for release from the pad. Applicability Detention ponds are applicable to all well pads. Limitations Well pads that have not been properly designed may collect runoff from areas other than the surface of the pad, which may be more volume than the detention pond is designed to handle. Design criteria Detention ponds shall be sized for a 25-year frequency storm. In general, 4,000 cubic feet (150 cubic yards) of dry storage volume should be provided for each acre of pad surface area. Construction specifications Construct detention pond according to Figure DP-1. Location Detention ponds shall be located at an outside edge of the pad and as far as possible from the pad access road, utilities, and all infrastructures. Dewatering Dewatering may be achieved through a 6- to 12-inch corrugated metal culvert. The culvert invert shall be located approximately 1 foot above the bottom of the pond to allow space for sedimentation. The culvert shall be sloped and routed through the berm at the perimeter of the well pad to discharge down the fill slope and directly into a pad perimeter diversion. A steel slide gate as manufactured by Waterman Industries, or similar, may be installed at the culvert inlet. The gate may use a positive one-quarter turn cam lock which will hold the gate in any position to enables easy regulation of flow. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Inspections shall verify that the pond has not been disturbed and that the original storage capacity has been maintained. If sedimentation has accumulated to within 2 inches of the culvert inlet, the sediment shall be removed while avoiding any unnecessary disturbance to the pond. Removal The detention pond and culvert shall be removed upon completion of well pad activities and final stabilization. DP-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure DP-1 Detention Pond Installation DP-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Filter Berm (FB) Description A filter berm is a temporary ridge made up of natural materials that already occur on the project site such. Brush filter berms use small tree branches, root mats, grass, leaves, stone, or other debris or material naturally available or left over from site clearing and grubbing (slash). Rock filter berms use site gravel, stone, or rock. Both types of filter berms are placed along a level contour to slow, filter, and divert flow and act as an efficient form of sediment control. In some configurations, filter berms are covered with a filter cloth to stabilize the structure and improve barrier efficiency. Applicability The drainage area for filter berms must be no greater than 2 acres. In addition, the drainage slope leading down to a filter berm must be no greater than 2:1 and no longer than 100 feet. The following are suitable applications: • 5 to 7 feet beyond the toe of slopes. • Along the site perimeter. • Along streams and channels, or adjacent to roadways. • Around temporary spoil areas or other small cleared areas. Limitations • Intended to be used only in gently sloping areas, and are not appropriate for high-velocity flow areas. • Brush filter berms have limited usefulness because they are constructed of materials that decompose. • A large amount of material is needed to construct a useful filter berm. Therefore, filter berms are only applicable to sites where there is enough brush material from clearing and grubbing or rock material to form a sufficiently sized berm. • May be difficult to remove after construction. FB-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Design criteria No formal design is required. Construction specifications Brush (slash) filter berms See Figure FB-1 for installation details. 1. Place material cleared from the site across the slope or swale. Material with a diameter larger than 6 inches should not be used. 2. Cut up brush if necessary and compact to avoid large voids within the barrier. 3. The barrier mound should be at least 3 feet high and 5 feet wide at its base. 4. It is recommended, but not required, that the mound be covered with a filter fabric barrier to hold the material in place and increase sediment barrier efficiency. If using a filter fabric cover, bury the edge in a trench 4 inches deep and 6 inches wide on the drainage side of the barrier. This is done to secure the fabric and create a barrier to sediment while allowing stormwater to pass through the water-permeable filter fabric. The fabric should be extended just over the peak of the brush mound and secured on the down-slope edge of the fabric by fastening it to twine or small- diameter rope that is staked securely. Rock filter berms See Figure FB-2 for installation details. 1. Place filter berm along a level contour. Use well-graded, angular site gravel or crushed rock of medium to large diameter with larger rocks on the bottom. 2. If desired, cover with geotextile fabric or wire screen (especially if concentrated flows are expected) to help keep berm in tack. Anchor fabric or wire by placing under the berm or use stakes. 3. Trenching is not required. 4. Berms should be spaced according to the steepness of the slope, with berms spaced closer together as the slope increases. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. If channels form through void spaces in the barrier, the barrier should be reconstructed to eliminate the channels. Ensure that sediment has not built up and that no damage has been done by vehicles. Regular inspection should indicate the frequency of sediment removal needed. Accumulated sediment should be removed from the uphill side of the barrier when sediment height reaches between 1/3 and 1/2 the height of the barrier. Sediment should be disposed of and the filter material and/or fabric should be replaced if necessary. It is important that repairs be performed at the first sign of deterioration to ensure that the berm is functioning properly. Removal Remove filter berms after uphill drainage areas are stabilized. Rock and brush may be left in place only if it does not cause any landscaping problems. Remove all manmade materials (wire, fabric, and/or stakes). FB-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc References Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Figure FB-1 Brush Filter Berm Installation FB-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure FB-2 Rock Filter Berm Installation FB-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Sediment Reservoir (SedR) Description Sediment reservoirs are large ponding areas that allow sediment to settle out of runoff water. They are often installed at the base of well pads or down-slope of other large disturbed areas. Sediment reservoirs are formed by excavating below grade and/or by constructing an earthen embankment with a level spreader type of spillway to slow the release of runoff. Applicability Sediment reservoirs are applicable to any location where it is desired to capture runoff from a large drainage area (up to 10 acres). Sediment reservoirs are also used as tertiary spill containment to prevent any accidental discharges from leaving the site. Limitations • Regular maintenance is needed to remove sediment. Reservoirs should be located near roads or where accessible to remove sediment. • Water may remain in the reservoir for extended periods causing an ideal spot for mosquitoes and other insects to gather. Locate the reservoir in a sunny spot if possible. • Never construct a sediment reservoir on a live flowing stream or in wetlands. Design criteria Location Reservoirs should be located at points of discharge from disturbed areas. The location will be determined by the natural terrain, drainage pattern of the runoff, and the accessibility for maintenance. Sediment reservoirs should not be located in areas where their failure due to stormwater runoff excess can lead to further erosive damage of the landscape. Alternative diversion pathways should be designed to accommodate these potential overflows. Sediment reservoir locations should also allow for easy maintenance access for the periodic removal of accumulated sediment. SedR-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Storage capacity A sediment reservoir should be designed to maximize surface area for infiltration and sediment settling. This will increase the effectiveness of the reservoir and decrease the likelihood of backup during and after periods of high runoff intensity. The approximate storage capacity of each trap should be 3,600 ft3 per acre of contributing drainage area. The volume of a natural sedimentation reservoir can be approximated by the following equation: Volume (ft3) = 0.4 x surface area (ft2) x maximum pool depth (ft) If the volume is more than 100 acre-feet the sediment reservoir should be constructed as designed by a Professional Engineer. Embankment If the embankment is more than 10 feet high (measured vertically from the ground surface to the crest of the spillway) the sediment reservoir should be constructed as designed by a Professional Engineer. Construction specifications 1. If possible, sediment reservoirs, along with other perimeter controls, shall be installed before any land disturbance takes place in the drainage area. 2. Reservoirs should be located above the floodplain, where possible. 3. Area under embankment shall be cleared, grubbed, and stripped of any vegetation and root mat. The pool area shall be cleared. 4. The fill material for the embankment shall be free of roots and other woody vegetation as well as over- sized stones, rocks, organic material or other objectionable material. The embankment shall be compacted by traversing with equipment while it is being constructed. Seeding of the embankment should be performed as soon as possible after construction of the sediment reservoir. Erosion control blanketing may also be used to cover the embankment in combination with seeding or during time periods when seeding is ineffective. 5. The spillway shall typically consist of a level spreader which may extend around as much as half of the reservoir berm. The level spreader may consist of compacted earth, which will be vegetated on completion of construction. However, if erosion is noted during inspections it may be necessary to install aggregate, erosion control blanketing, straw bales, or wattles along the length of the level spreader (see applicable BMP). Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. The primary maintenance consideration for sediment reservoirs is the removal of accumulated sediment from the basin to ensure the continued effectiveness of the reservoir. Sediments should be removed when the basin reaches approximately 50 percent sediment capacity. Inspectors should also ensure that the reservoir is draining properly and check the structure, specifically the level spreader, for damage from erosion. Removal After the contributing area has been properly stabilized, the reservoir may remain in place if the reservoir itself is also fully stabilized, or the reservoir may be removed and the newly disturbed area shall be stabilized. SedR-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc References Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. <http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003 <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. SedR-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Sediment Trap (ST) Description Sediment traps are small to medium sized ponding areas that allow sediment to settle out of runoff water. They are usually installed in a drainage way or other point of discharge from a disturbed area. Sediment traps are formed by excavating below grade and/or by constructing an earthen embankment with a lined spillway to slow the release of runoff. Applicability Sediment traps are generally temporary control measures used at the outlets of stormwater diversion structures, channels, slope drains, construction site entrance wash racks, or any other runoff conveyance that discharges waters containing erosion sediment and debris. Sediment traps should be used for drainage areas less than 5 acres. The effective life span of these temporary structures is usually limited to 24 months. Traps may be located in series to allow for backup control in case one trap fails. Limitations • Regular maintenance is needed to remove sediment. Traps should be located near roads or where accessible to remove sediment. • Although sediment traps allow for settling of eroded soils, because of their short detention periods for stormwater they typically do not remove fine particles such as silts and clays. • Water may remain in trap for extended periods causing an ideal spot for mosquitoes and other insects to gather. Locate the trap in a sunny spot if possible. • Never construct a sediment trap on a live flowing stream or in wetlands. Design criteria Location Traps should be located at points of discharge from disturbed areas. The location will be determined by the natural terrain, drainage pattern of the runoff, and the accessibility for maintenance. Sediment traps should not be located in areas where their failure due to stormwater runoff excess can lead to further erosive damage of the landscape. Alternative diversion pathways should be designed to accommodate these potential overflows. Sediment trap locations should also allow for easy maintenance access for the periodic removal of accumulated sediment. ST-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Storage capacity A sediment trap should be designed to maximize surface area for infiltration and sediment settling. This will increase the effectiveness of the trap and decrease the likelihood of backup during and after periods of high runoff intensity. The approximate storage capacity of each trap should be 3,600 ft3 per acre of contributing drainage area. Half of this volume may be in the form of wet storage (a permanent pool) and the other half may be in the form of dry storage. When possible, the wet storage volume should be contained within the excavated portion of the trap. The volume of a natural sedimentation trap can be approximated by the following equation: Volume (ft3) = 0.4 x surface area (ft2) x maximum pool depth (ft) Construction specifications See Figure ST-1 for installation details. 1. If possible, sediment traps, along with other perimeter controls, shall be installed before any land disturbance takes place in the drainage area. 2. Traps should be located above the floodplain, where possible. If there are space constraints, several small sediment traps may be constructed in series. 3. Area under embankment shall be cleared, grubbed, and stripped of any vegetation and root mat. The pool area shall be cleared. 4. The fill material for the embankment shall be free of roots and other woody vegetation as well as over- sized stones, rocks, organic material or other objectionable material. The embankment shall be compacted by traversing with equipment while it is being constructed. Seeding of the embankment should be performed as soon as possible after construction of the sediment trap. Erosion control blanketing may also be used to cover the embankment in combination with seeding or during time periods when seeding is ineffective. 5. The spillway may consist of a stone section in the embankment formed by a combination coarse aggregate/riprap to provide for filtering/detention capability. Riprap shall be 4- to 8-inch rock, while the coarse aggregate shall be 1/2 to 3/4 inches. A geotextile may be placed at the stone-soil interface to act as a separator. 6. Another option for the spillway is to use straw bales or wattles at the overflow point in the trap and line the rest of the spillway with an erosion control blanket (see applicable BMP). Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. The primary maintenance consideration for temporary sediment traps is the removal of accumulated sediment from the basin to ensure the continued effectiveness of the sediment trap. Sediments should be removed when the basin reaches approximately 50 percent sediment capacity. Inspectors should also ensure that the trap is draining properly and check the structure for damage from erosion. The depth of the spillway should be checked and maintained at a minimum of 1.5 feet below the low point of the trap embankment. Removal The structure shall be removed and the area stabilized when the drainage area has been properly stabilized. ST-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc References Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. <http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. ST-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure ST-1 Sediment Trap Installation ST-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Silt Fence (SF) Description Silt fences are used as temporary perimeter controls around sites where there will be soil disturbance due to construction activities. They consist of a length of filter fabric stretched between anchoring posts spaced at regular intervals along the site perimeter. Applicability Silt fences are generally applicable to construction sites with relatively small drainage areas. They are appropriate in areas where runoff will be occurring as low-level shallow flow, not exceeding 0.5 cubic feet per second. The drainage area for silt fences generally should not exceed 0.25 acre per 100-foot fence length. Slope length above the fence should not exceed 100 feet. Silt fence may be used as temporary slope breakers to reduce runoff velocity. Limitations • Silt fences should not be installed along areas where rocks or other hard surfaces will prevent uniform anchoring of fence posts and entrenching of the filter fabric. This will greatly reduce the effectiveness of silt fencing and can create runoff channels leading off site. • Silt fences are not suitable for areas where large amounts of concentrated runoff are likely. • Open areas where wind velocity is high may present a maintenance challenge, as high winds may accelerate deterioration of the filter fabric. • Silt fences should not be installed across streams, ditches, or waterways. • When the pores of the fence fabric become clogged with sediment, pools of water are likely to form on the uphill side of fence. Siting and design of the silt fence should account for this and care should be taken to avoid unnecessary diversion of stormwater from these pools that might cause further erosion damage. Design criteria The fence should be designed to withstand the runoff from a 10-year peak storm event. SF-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Construction specifications 1. Erect silt fence according to Figure SF-1. 2. If standard strength fabric is used in combination with wire mesh, the support posts should be spaced no more than 10 feet apart. If extra-strength fabric is used without wire mesh reinforcement, the support posts should be spaced no more than 6 feet apart. 3. Stakes used to anchor the filter fabric should be either wooden or metal. Wooden stakes should be at least 3 feet long and have a minimum diameter of 2 inches if a hardwood such as oak is used. Softer woods such as pine should be at least 4 inches in diameter. When using metal post in place of wooden stakes, they should have a minimum weight of 1.00 to 1.33 lb/linear foot. If metal posts are used, attachment points are needed for fastening the filter fabric using wire ties. The height of the fence posts should be between 16 and 34 inches above the original ground surface. 4. Material for silt fences should be a pervious sheet of synthetic fabric such as polypropylene, nylon, polyester, or polyethylene yarn, chosen based on minimum synthetic fabric requirements, as shown in the following table: Physical Property Requirements Filtering Efficiency 75 – 85% (minimum): highly dependent on local conditions Tensile Strength at 20% (maximum) Elongation Standard Strength: 30 lbs/linear inch (minimum) Extra Strength: 50 lbs/linear inch (minimum) Ultraviolet Radiation 90% (minimum) Slurry Flow Rate 0.3 gal/ft2/min (minimum) 5. Use a continuous roll of fabric to eliminate unwanted gaps in the fence. If a continuous roll of fabric is not available, the fabric should overlap from both directions only at stakes or posts with a minimum overlap of 6 inches. 6. Extend silt fence across grade and upslope for a short distance. 7. Compact backfill at base of fabric. 8. A trench should be excavated to bury the bottom of the fabric fence at least 6 inches below the ground surface. This will help prevent gaps from forming near the ground surface that would render the fencing useless as a sediment barrier. 9. If using silt fence as temporary slope breakers to reduce runoff velocity, space according to the following table: Slope (%) Spacing (feet) 5 – 15 300 >15 – 30 200 >30 100 Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Inspect silt fences to ensure that they are intact and that there are no gaps at the fence-ground interface or tears along the length of the fence. If gaps or tears which impact the effectiveness of the BMP are found, they should be repaired or the fabric should be replaced immediately. Accumulated sediments should be removed from the fence base when the sediment reaches one-third to one-half the height of the fence. Sediment removal should occur more frequently if accumulated sediment is creating noticeable strain on the fabric and there is the possibility of the fence failing from a sudden storm event. SF-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Removal Remove silt fences and all accumulated sediment after uphill drainage areas are stabilized by vegetation or other means. References Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. <http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm> Figure SF-1 Silt Fence Installation SF-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Slash (SL) Description Slash is any natural debris or material left over from site clearing and grubbing. Slash may include small tree branches, root mats, grass, leaves, stone, etc... Placement of slash over disturbed areas can help control off-site transport of sediment by slowing the flow of runoff, which minimizes erosion, and trapping sediment until vegetation is established at the sediment source. Applicability Slash may be used for the following: • To create a filter berm or windrow. • As a blanket over any disturbed area, particularly pipeline corridors and areas of fill. • As outlet protection for culverts. Limitations • Material may need to be cut up or broken into smaller pieces. • Slash does not eliminate the need to revegetate. • Slash is not applicable for steep slopes. Design criteria No formal design is required. SL-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Construction specifications 1. For slash filter berms, see the Filter Berm (FB) BMP. 2. Prior to spreading slash over a disturbed area, the area should be seeded in accordance with the Revegetation BMP. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Inspect for any excessive erosion and replace slash with an alternate BMP if necessary (such as erosion control blanket). Removal Removal of slash is not necessary. SL-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Stabilized Construction Entrance (SCE) Description A stabilized construction entrance (tracking pad) is a pad of gravel over filter cloth where construction traffic leaves a site. The purpose of a stabilized entrance to a site is to minimize the amount of tracked mud and dust that leaves a site. As a vehicle drives over the gravel pad, mud and sediment are removed from the vehicle's wheels and off-site transport of soil is reduced. The gravel pad also reduces erosion and rutting on the soil beneath the stabilization structure. The filter fabric separates the gravel from the soil below, preventing the gravel from being ground into the soil. The fabric also reduces the amount of rutting caused by vehicle tires by spreading the vehicle's weight over a larger soil area than just the tire width. Applicability Typically, stabilized construction entrances are installed at locations where construction traffic leaves or enters an existing paved road. However, the applicability of site entrance stabilization should be extended to any roadway or entrance where vehicles will access or leave the site. Limitations • Although stabilizing a construction entrance is a good way to help reduce the amount of sediment leaving a site, some soil may still be deposited from vehicle tires onto paved surfaces. To further reduce the chance of these sediments polluting stormwater runoff, sweeping of the paved area adjacent to the stabilized site entrance is recommended. • Sediment traps or other secondary sediment controls are needed to capture that sediment that accumulates at the pad and may run off during storm events. Design criteria No formal design is required. SCE-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Construction specifications See Figure SCE-1 for installation details. 1. Locate the pad approximately 60 feet back from the entrance at any county road. 2. If the pad is constructed on a crowned road, a roadside ditch with check dams or sediment traps shall be located on both sides of the road to collect runoff from the pad. If the road slopes to only one side of the road then only one roadside ditch with sediment controls will be needed. 3. Place woven or non-woven fabric filter cloth over the entire area prior to placing the stone. Piping of surface water under entrance shall be provided as required. 4. Place a matrix of 1” and 2” stone gravel, or reclaimed or recycled concrete equivalent, to a minimum thickness of six (6) inches, a minimum width of 12 feet and a minimum length of 50 feet. 5. All surface water flowing or diverted toward construction entrance shall be piped across the entrance. If piping is impractical, a mountable berm with 5:1 slopes will be permitted. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Stabilization of site entrances should be maintained until the remainder of the construction site has been fully stabilized. Stone and gravel might need to be periodically added to each stabilized construction site entrance to keep the entrance effective. Soil that is tracked off site should be swept up immediately for proper disposal. References Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. <http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003. <http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm> Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. SCE-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure SCE-1 Stabilized Construction Entrance Installation SCE-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Straw Bale Barrier (SBB) Description A straw bale barrier is a series of entrenched and staked straw bales placed on a level contour to intercept sheet flows. The barrier reduces runoff velocity and filters sediment laden runoff from small drainage areas of disturbed soil. The barrier may also be used to protect against erosion. Straw bale barriers have an estimated design life of three (3) months. Applicability Straw bale barriers may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion where the length of slope above the straw bale barrier does not exceed the following limits: Constructed Slope Percent Slope Slope Length (ft) 2:1 50% 25’ 3:1 33% 50’ 4:1 25% 75’ Straw bales may be used in the following applications: • Below the toe of erodible slopes or other small cleared areas • At the top of slopes to divert runoff away from disturbed slopes • As sediment traps at outlets to culverts, ditches, turnouts, etc. • Along the perimeter of a site • Around temporary stockpiles and spoil areas • Along streams and channels for both erosion and sediment control • As check dams across mildly sloped swales or construction roads SBB-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Limitations • For short-term use only • For use below small drainage areas less than 2 acres • Decomposes over time • May be consumed by livestock • Straw bales must be certified weed free to avoid invasive weeds that may develop and should not be used in areas where weeds are a concern. • Removal of anchor stakes will be necessary after stabilization is complete • Not recommended for concentrated flow, live streams, or swales where there is the possibility of a washout Design criteria No formal design is required. Construction specifications See Figure SBB-1 for installation details. 1. Bales shall be placed in a single row on a level contour with ends of adjacent bales tightly abutting one another. Bales shall be certified weed free. 2. Allow sufficient space up slope from the barrier to allow ponding, and to provide room for sediment storage. 3. All bales shall be either wire-bound or string-tied. Straw bales shall be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides rather than along the tops and bottoms of the bales in order to prevent deterioration of the bindings. 4. A trench shall be excavated the width of a bale and the length of the proposed barrier to a minimum depth of 4 inches. Stake the bales with minimum 2” x 2” x 36” wood stakes or standard “T” or “U” steel posts (minimum weight of 1.33 pounds per linear foot). 5. After the bales are staked and chinked (gaps filled by wedging), the excavated soil shall be backfilled against the barrier. Backfill soil shall conform to the ground level on the downhill side and shall be built up to 4 inches against the uphill side of the barrier. 6. Each bale shall be securely anchored by at least two stakes driven through the bale. The first stake or steel post in each bale shall be driven toward the previously laid bale to force the bales together. Stakes or steel pickets shall be driven a minimum 12 inches deep into the ground to securely anchor the bales. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Close attention should be paid to the repair of damaged or rotting bales, end runs and undercutting beneath bales. Necessary repairs to barriers or replacement of bales should be accomplished promptly. Sediment deposits should be removed when the level of deposition reaches approximately one-half the height of the barrier. Removal Straw bale barriers may be removed when they have served their usefulness or may remain in place to decompose over time. Straw bales should not be removed, however, until the upslope areas have been SBB-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc permanently stabilized. Any sediment deposits remaining in place after the straw bale barrier is no longer required should be dressed to conform to the existing grade, prepared and seeded. References Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. <http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp> Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization (RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997. <http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards> Figure SBB-1 Straw Bale Installation SBB-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Wattles (W) Wattles BMP is provided in Erosion Control section above. W-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Non-Stormwater BMPs Dewatering (DW) Dust Control (DC) Material Delivery and Storage (MDS) Scheduling (S) Spill Prevention and Control (SPC) Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance (VEM) Waste Management (WM) June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final for revised pages06-09-08.doc Dewatering (DW) DW-1 Description Dewatering involves the removal and discharge of excess water from construction sites. Excess water may be due to groundwater, accumulated precipitation after a storm event (stormwater), or water used during construction activities (i.e. for the testing of pipelines). Proper removal of excess water helps to prevent potential pollutants (such as sediment or toxic and petroleum products) from entering watercourses. Sediment control from dewatering operations is required on all projects where excess water containing sediment or other pollutants is planned to be discharged. A temporary settling or filtering device should be used to avoid pollutant discharges from dewatering operations. Applicability These practices are implemented where groundwater, accumulated precipitation (stormwater), or other water used during construction will be discharged from a site. Limitations • Site conditions will dictate design and use. • A settling device often allows only minimal settling time for sediment particles. • Multiple sediment control methods shall be used, if necessary, for better sediment removal when site conditions allow. • The controls discussed in this BMP address sediment only. If the presence of polluted water is identified, dewatering pollution controls should be implemented in accordance with regulatory requirements. Standards Groundwater dewatering 1. All dewatering operations must comply with the Stormwater Management Plan. Discharges to the ground of water from construction dewatering activities may be authorized, provided that: June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc a. The source is groundwater and/or groundwater combined with stormwater that does not contain pollutants in concentrations exceeding the State groundwater standards in Regulations 5 CCR 1002-41 and 42 b. The source is identified c. BMPs are utilized d. These discharges do not leave the site as surface runoff or to surface waters 2. Dewatered groundwater shall be pumped or diverted to a sediment control BMP prior to discharge to the ground. Stormwater Dewatering 1. The discharge of pumped stormwater (not including groundwater or other non-stormwater sources) from excavations, ponds, depressions, etc., to surface water, or to a municipal separate storm-sewer system is allowed as long as the dewatering activity and associated BMPs are implemented in accordance with this manual. 2. Stormwater that collects in open depressions or trenches during construction activities will be dewatered into an existing sediment control, such as a detention pond, a sediment trap, or simply into a well-vegetated area to percolate into the ground and catch suspended sediment. Pipeline Dewatering Once the hydrostatic testing of pipelines has been completed, dewatering of the pipeline will occur. 1. Insert a displacer, commonly referred to as a pig, in the pipeline. 2. Regulate the discharge rate and utilize energy dissipation devices and/or sediment controls as necessary to prevent erosion, streambed scour, suspension of sediments, or excessive stream flow. Specifications One of several types of dewatering structures may be constructed depending on site conditions and type of operation: 1. Water may be pumped or directed into existing stormwater sediment controls (such as sediment traps) capable of handling the volume and flow rate of dewatered water. 2. Water may be pumped or directed into a temporary settling device as described below. 3. Water may be land applied to approved non-wetland vegetation areas and allowed to soak into the soil. 4. Water may be hauled away from the project for disposal in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. If existing stormwater sediment controls are used to control water, the applicable sections of this BMP Manual shall be followed. If a settling device is utilized, the following design criteria shall be followed: DW-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Straw Bale/Silt Fence Pit • It is recommended that the structure consist of an excavated basin surrounded by a perimeter control such as wattles, hay bales, or silt fence (see Figure DW-1). Install wattles, hay bales, or a silt fence as described in applicable sections of this BMP Manual. • The following formula should be used to determine the storage volume of the sediment tank: Pump discharge (gpm) x 16 = cubic feet of storage required • The excavated area should be a minimum of 3 feet below the base of the perimeter control. The excavated portion will serve for wet storage, and the remainder will provide dry storage. • When water reaches the outlet crest, pumping must stop until the water drains down to the elevation of the excavated area. • The remaining water may be removed only after a minimum of 6 hours of sediment settling time. This effluent should be pumped across an area with established vegetation or through a silt fence prior to entering a watercourse. • When the excavated area becomes filled to one-half of the excavated depth, accumulated sediment should be removed and properly disposed of. Sediment Filter Bag • A filter bag, constructed of non-woven geotextile material (to provide adequate filtering ability to capture the larger soil particles from the pumped water), will be clamped around the dewatering pump discharge hose so that all of the pumped water passes through the bag. • The filter bag should be used in combination with a straw bale/silt fence pit when located within 50 feet of a stream. When the distance to a stream is greater than 50 feet, the bag may be placed on well- vegetated area, or on an aggregate pad. The bag should never be placed on bare soil. • The capacity of the bag should be adequate to handle the dewatering pump discharge, and should be based on the bag manufacturer’s recommendation. • When used in conjunction with a straw bale/silt fence pit, a filter bag may be operated until the water in the pit reaches the crest of the emergency overflow. • When placed on either a stone pad or well-vegetated area, the bag may be operated until such time the discharge from the bag reaches a stream. • When the bag has been completely filled with sediment it should be cut open, sediment regraded in place, and immediately stabilized with an erosion control. A settling device and/or sediment control may not be needed if the water is discharged to a well stabilized, on-site, vegetated area. The stabilized area should be capable of filtering sediment while at the same time withstanding the velocity of the discharged water without eroding. A minimum filtering length of 75 feet is recommended for the stabilized area. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. If using a settling device, sediments should be removed once they have accumulated to one-half of the excavated depth and properly disposed of. Sediment removal from dewatering devices shall be stabilized at the project site at pre-designated locations or shall be disposed of properly. DW-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc References Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), Erosion and Pollution Control Manual. 2005. http://www.azdot.gov/ADOT_and/Storm_Water/Erosion_Pollution_Control_Manual.asp Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Upland Erosion Control, Revegetation, and Maintenance Plan. January 2003. DW-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Figure DW-1 Settling Device Installation DW-5 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Dust Control (DC) Description Dust control involves practices (such as applying water or dust palliatives) to be implemented during construction operations to prevent dust and wind erosion from exposed soil surfaces. Applicability These practices are limited to exposed soil where wind erosion is expected. Limitations The effectiveness of this application can be limited by soil, temperature, and wind velocity. Standards and specifications Irrigation practices can be applied to a project site until the soil is moist and can be repeated as necessary. However, the soil shall not be oversaturated causing runoff to flow from the project site. The distribution system shall be equipped with a proper spray system to ensure even water distribution. When a distribution system is unavailable, at least one mobile unit shall be available at all times to apply water or a dust palliative to the project site. All non-potable tanks, pipes, and other conveyances shall be marked “non-potable water - do not drink.” Seeding, mulching, soil binder, and grading techniques are also temporary methods to prevent dust and wind erosion. Refer to the applicable BMPs. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Inspect protected areas for adequate protection and signs of degradation. Perform spot-checks to ensure dust and wind erosion control techniques are properly implemented. References Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp DC-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Material Delivery and Storage (MDS) Description These practices are to be implemented for proper handling, delivery, and storage of materials in order to prevent spills or leaks into the storm drains or watercourses. Applicability These practices are implemented at all construction sites where delivery and storage of materials may be detrimental to the environment. Materials of concern are not limited to soil, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, petroleum products, asphalt and concrete components, and hazardous chemicals such as acids, paints, solvents, adhesives, and curing compounds. Limitations Space limitation may preclude indoor storage. Storage sheds must meet building and fire code requirements. Standards and specifications Deliver and loading/unloading areas • Keep an accurate, up-to-date inventory of material delivered and stored on site. • Minimize hazardous material storage on site. • Employees trained in emergency spill clean-up procedures should be present when dangerous materials or liquid chemicals are unloaded. • Cover loading and unloading areas to reduce exposure of materials to rainfall. • Routinely check vehicles and equipment such as valves, pumps, flanges, and connections for leaks. • Direct off-site stormwater flows away by grading, berming, or curbing the area around the loading/unloading area. MDS-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Storage and material handling areas • Designate storage areas at the project site. • Locate the storage area away from the storm drain system and watercourses. • Provide curbs or dikes around the perimeter of material storage areas to prevent run-on from adjacent areas as well as runoff of stormwater from the material storage areas. • Prevent spills or leakage of liquid materials from contaminating soil (i.e., soaking into the ground) by placing storage areas on impervious surfaces. • Stockpile soil in accordance with the Stockpiling BMP for topsoil and subsoil. • Store materials indoors within existing structures or sheds when available. • Material safety data sheets (MSDS) shall be made available for all materials. • Training for proper material handing and storage techniques shall be required. • Provide sufficient separation between storage containers to allow cleanup and emergency response. • Chemically incompatible materials should not be stored together or in the same storage facility. • Label all materials properly and maintain current legible labels; also maintain a current inventory of all material delivered and stored. • Do not store hazardous chemicals, drums, or bagged materials directly on the ground. Place these items on a pallet and when possible, under cover in secondary containment. • Keep hazardous chemicals in their original containers and keep them well labeled. Spill Clean-up • Immediately contain and cleanup any spills according to the Spill Prevention and Control BMP as well as the Spill Prevention and Control Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan. • If significant residual materials remain on the ground after construction is complete, properly remove and dispose of any hazardous materials or contaminated soil. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Inspect equipment and vehicles for leaks. Maintain an ample supply of cleanup materials at all designated storage and handling areas where leaks and spills are likely to occur. Spot-check material storage and handling areas for compliance. Material storage areas shall be checked for accumulation of non-labeled materials and spills. Containment structures or other perimeter controls shall be inspected and repaired when signs of degradation are visible. References Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), Erosion and Pollution Control Manual. 2005. http://www.azdot.gov/ADOT_and/Storm_Water/Erosion_Pollution_Control_Manual.asp Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp MDS-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Scheduling (S) Description Develop a schedule for every project that includes sequencing of construction activities in conjunction with the implementation of construction site BMPs in order to reduce the amount and duration of soil exposed by construction activities. The purpose is to minimize erosion of disturbed soils by wind, rain, runoff, and vehicle tracking by reducing the amount and duration of soil exposed to erosion and ensuring that BMPs are implemented in a timely manner as construction proceeds. Applicability • Construction activities shall be planned to minimize the amount of disturbed land exposed to erosive conditions. • Stabilization measures shall be installed and maintained as work progresses, not just at the completion of construction. Standards and specifications • Schedule the installation of temporary and permanent controls as specified in the Construction General Permit (CGP). • The schedule of construction activities and concurrent application of temporary and permanent BMPs is developed as part of the Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP). • Schedule clearing and grubbing activity to allow existing vegetation to remain in place as long as possible. • For larger projects, the contractor shall not expose more than 750,000 square feet in any location until temporary or permanent BMPs have been installed. • Schedule shall include dates for significant long-term operations or activities that may have planned non-stormwater discharges such as dewatering, sawcutting, grinding, drilling, boring, crushing, blasting, painting, hydro-demolition, mortar mixing, bridge cleaning, etc. • Schedule shall include dates for installation of permanent drainage systems and runoff diversion devices. These devices should be installed as early as possible in the construction process. • The schedule shall include non-stormwater BMPs, waste management, and materials pollution control BMPs. S-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc • Stabilize non-active areas as specified in the CGP. • Monitor weather forecast and adjust construction schedule to allow for the implementation of soil stabilization and sediment controls on all disturbed areas prior to the onset of rain. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the SWMP. Verify that work is progressing in accordance with the schedule. The schedule must be updated when changes are warranted or when directed by the Engineer. References Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), Erosion and Pollution Control Manual. 2005. http://www.azdot.gov/ADOT_and/Storm_Water/Erosion_Pollution_Control_Manual.asp S-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Spill Prevention and Control (SPC) Description These practices are implemented to prevent and control spills to ensure that spills and leaks do not result in water quality impacts. Applicability This BMP applies to all construction activities. Spill prevention and control measures shall be implemented any time chemicals or hazardous substances are used, stored, or handled. Limitations The measures described in this BMP are general. Appropriate practices for specific materials used, stored, or handled on a project site should be identified by site personnel. Standards and specifications The following general design guidelines can be implemented for spill prevention and control measures for various activities and areas: • Identify materials delivered, handled, stored, and used at a project site. • Identify project areas and activities potentially susceptible to spills. Areas and activities that are most vulnerable to spills include: transportation facilities, loading and unloading areas, fuel and chemical storage areas, process activities, dust or particulate generating processes, and waste disposal activities. • Develop spill response procedures. Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan A Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan has been developed and will be implemented for certain products that are stored at the site. The SPCC Plan identifies areas where spills can occur on site, specifies material handling procedures and storage requirements, and identifies spill cleanup procedures. The purpose of this plan is to establish standard operating procedures and the necessary employee training to minimize the likelihood of accidental releases of pollutants that can contaminate stormwater runoff. Spill SPC-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc prevention is prudent both environmentally and economically, since spills increase operating costs and lower productivity. Emergency spill cleanup plans should include the following information: • A description of the facility including the nature of the facility activity and general types and quantities of chemicals stored at the facility. • A site plan showing the location of storage areas for chemicals, location of storm drains, site drainage patterns, fire-fighting equipment and water source locations, and the location and description of any devices used to contain spills such as positive control valves. • Notification procedures to be implemented in the event of a spill, such as, posting phone numbers of key personnel and appropriate regulatory agencies. • Instructions regarding cleanup procedures. • Designating personnel with overall spill response cleanup responsibility. • A summary of the plan should be written and posted at appropriate points in the building (i.e., project trailer and areas with a high spill potential), and shall identify the spill cleanup coordinators, location of cleanup kits, and phone numbers of regulatory agencies to be contacted in the event of a spill. • Cleanup of spills should begin immediately. No emulsifier or dispersant should be used. In fueling areas, absorbent materials should be packaged in small bags for easy use, and small drums should be available for storage of absorbent and/or used absorbent. Absorbent materials shall not be washed into the floor drain or storm sewer. Cleanup response procedures Response guidelines have been identified below for contractors responding to spills that may potentially result in an illicit discharge. It is the contractor’s responsibility to have all emergency phone numbers available at the construction site as well to notify the proper response agencies in a timely manner. It is also the contractor’s responsibility to ensure timely and proper cleanup of any spill. Minor spills For non–hazardous materials such as gasoline, paint, or oil that may be spilled in small quantities which do not enter state waters or pose a potential to do so, the following measures shall be implemented: 1. Use absorbent materials to contain spills. Do not hose down spill area with water or bury the spill. 2. Recover spilled materials. 3. Clean the contaminated area of residuals and/or properly dispose of the absorbent material. Semi-significant spills For non-hazardous materials that qualify as a semi-significant spill or spills of any size which do not enter state waters or pose a potential to do so and can be controlled by the first responder along with the aid of other personnel, the following measures shall be implemented: 1. Notify the project foreman immediately. The foreman should notify the resident engineer. 2. Contain the spills to prevent spreading. 3. If the spills occur on paved or impermeable surfaces, clean-up using “dry” methods (adsorbent materials, cat litter, and/or rags). Contain the spill by encircling with absorbent materials and do not let the spill spread widely. SPC-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc 4. If the spill occurs in a dirt area, immediately contain it by constructing an earthen dike. Dig up and properly dispose of contaminated material. 5. If the spills occur during rain, cover affected area if possible. Significant spills For non-hazardous materials that qualify as a significant spill or spills of any size that enter state waters or have the potential to do so, the following measures shall be implemented: 1. Contact the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) Environmental Emergency Spill Reporting Line (1-877-518-5608) within 24 hours of the spill event. A written notification to the CDPHE-Emergency Management Program (EMP) is necessary within 5 days. 2. Contact the Colorado State Patrol 24-hour hotline (1-303-239-4501) if the spill is on a state highway. 3. Notify the project foreman and maintenance personnel on patrol immediately and follow up with a written report. 4. If possible, cleanup the spill immediately. Use absorbent materials if the material is on an impermeable surface. Construct an earthen dike to contain a spill on dirt areas. If rainfall is present at the time of the spill, cover the spill with a tarp to prevent contaminating runoff. Hazardous spills For all spills involving hazardous materials, the following measures shall be implemented: 1. Contact the local emergency response team by dialing 911. 2. Contact the CDPHE-EMP 24 Environmental Emergency Spill Reporting Line (1-877-518-5608) within 24 hours of the spill event. A written notification to the CDPHE-EMP is necessary within 30 days. 3. Contact the Colorado State Patrol 24-hour hotline (1-303-239-4501) if the spill is on a state highway. 4. Report spills to project foreman and maintenance personnel on patrol and follow up with a written report. 5. Construction personnel shall not try to clean up the spill. 6. Cleanup spill immediately; a licensed contractor or HazMat team shall be used to properly clean up spills. Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. Inspect equipment and vehicles for leaks. Maintain an ample supply of cleanup materials at all designated maintenance areas where leaks and spill are likely to occur. Spot-check material storage and handling areas for compliance. Material storage and use areas shall be checked for accumulation of non-labeled materials and spills. Identify spills or leaks into to the storm drain at or near work areas. Containment structures or other perimeter controls shall be inspected and repaired when signs of degradation are visible. References Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), Erosion and Pollution Control Manual. 2005. http://www.azdot.gov/ADOT_and/Storm_Water/Erosion_Pollution_Control_Manual.asp Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. SPC-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Waste Management (WM) Description Stormwater runoff from areas where construction wastes are stored or disposed can be polluted. Wastes leached or spilled from management areas may build up in soils or on other surfaces and be carried by stormwater runoff. The optimal approach to reduce the potential for stormwater contamination from wastes is to reduce the amount generated and, consequently, the amount stored on site. The following types of waste management are covered under this BMP: Concrete waste management: Practices to be used in order to minimize and prevent concrete waste associated with construction activities from entering storm drains and watercourses. Concrete waste may be generated where concrete trucks or concrete-coated equipment are washed on site, where slurries containing concrete are generated, or where mortar-mixing areas exist. Solid waste management: Practices to be used in order to minimize and prevent solid waste associated with construction activities from entering storm drains and watercourses. Solid waste can be classified as non- hazardous solid material including: concrete, rock, debris, soil, wood, vegetative material, plastic, fabrics, mortar, metal scraps, Styrofoam, and general litter such as but not limited to beverage containers and plastic wrappers. Sanitary and septic waste management: Practices to be used in order to minimize and prevent sanitary and septic waste associated with construction activities from entering storm drains and watercourses. Liquid waste management: Practices to be used in order to minimize and prevent liquid waste associated with construction activities from entering storm drains and watercourses. Hazardous waste management: Practices to be used in order to prevent hazardous waste associated with construction activities from entering storm drains and watercourses. Hazardous wastes may be discovered or generated (by lead paint removal operations) and are designated as hazardous by the Code of Federal Regulations or Colorado state laws. Contaminated waste management: Practices to be used in order to minimize and prevent pollutants from contaminated soils from leaching into watercourses or drainage systems. WM-1 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Applicability Facilities or designated construction work areas where each type of waste is discovered or generated. Limitations During the non-rainy season or in arid portions of the state, temporary stockpiling of non-hazardous solid waste may not require stringent drainage control measures. The engineer for the project shall determine if drainage control measures are warranted for a specific construction site where non-hazardous solid waste is being stockpiled. Liquid waste management does not apply to solid wastes, hazardous wastes, concrete slurries/wastes, dewatering operations, sanitary/septic wastes, or permitted allowable non-stormwater discharges. Disposal of some liquid wastes may be subject to regulations or requirements of other permits secured for the construction site. This BMP provides general hazardous waste management guidelines, but does not relieve the contractor from full responsibility of complying with federal, state, and local laws regarding storage, handling, transportation, and disposal of hazardous wastes. It is the contractor’s full responsibility to identify all hazardous waste generated at the project site. The contractor is responsible for identifying pollutant-specific handling and disposal procedures for contaminated soils at the project site. Standards Concrete waste Waste generated from concrete activities shall not be allowed to flow into drainage ways, inlets, or receiving waters. Concrete waste shall be placed in a temporary concrete washout facility. • Concrete washout facilities will be comprised of an excavation with erosion bales and construction fences along the perimeter. The facility may be similar to the settling device used for dewatering (see Figure DW-1). The bottom of the excavation must be proven to be at least 5 vertical feet above groundwater or, alternatively, the excavation must be lined with either a clay or synthetic liner that is designed to control seepage. The facilities shall be maintained in good condition to contain all liquid and concrete waste generated by operations at a project site. • Proper signage such as “Concrete Washout” shall be placed near concrete washout facilities to inform construction personnel of the location of designated concrete washout facilities. • Temporary concrete washout facilities shall be located 50 horizontal feet from drainageways, inlets, and receiving waters unless otherwise approved by the engineer. • Adding solvents, flocculents, or acid to washwater is prohibited. • Whenever a concrete washout area is within 300 feet of the access to a road or highway, a stabilized construction entrance must be built as part of the washout, or at the entrance to the road or highway. • Hardened concrete waste shall be properly disposed of following solid waste management procedures. WM-2 • Removal of temporary facilities, including the solid concrete waste and the material used to construct the facilities, shall be the responsibility of the contractor, who shall remove the waste from the project site and dispose of it properly following guidelines outlined in solid, liquid waste management and any applicable regulations. June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Solid waste • Litter shall be minimized at all construction sites and collected on a weekly basis into water-tight dumpsters. Trash receptacles shall be provided in various locations within the construction site boundaries. • Collected trash shall not be placed near drainage inlets or watercourses. • A trash hauling contractor shall be used to properly dispose of the collected waste in a timely manner. Dumpster washout at the construction site is not permissible. • Priority shall be given to remove waste and debris from drainage inlets, trash racks, and ditches in order to prevent clogging of the stormwater system. • Waste storage areas shall be pre-approved by the engineer. • Storage areas for solid waste shall be located at least 50 feet from drainageways and watercourses, and shall not be located in areas susceptible to frequent flooding. Sediment barriers such as berms, dikes, or other temporary diversion structures shall be used to prevent stormwater runoff from contacting stored solid waste at the project site. • Solid waste shall be segregated properly into various categories for recycling or disposal. Proper disposal is required for each waste category. The contractor shall make every attempt to recycle useful vegetation, packaging material, and surplus construction materials when practical. • Most construction materials can be recycled at recycling facilities. Septic and sanitary waste • Temporary sanitary facilities shall be located away from drainage ways, inlets, receiving waters, areas of high traffic, and areas susceptible to flooding or damage by construction equipment. • Temporary sanitary facilities shall be properly connected into a sanitary sewer system where permissible to prevent illicit discharges. Authorized sanitary sewer system connections shall comply with local health agency, county, and sanitary sewer district requirements. • Wastewater generated from sanitary facilities shall not be allowed to flow into drainageways, inlets, or receiving waters. • Only licensed sanitary/septic waste haulers shall be used to properly dispose of waste from temporary sanitary facilities. • In project areas susceptible to strong winds, temporary sanitary facilities shall be secured to prevent overturning. Liquid waste • The contractor shall oversee and enforce all liquid waste measures and will instruct all employees and subcontractors on the identification of hazardous and non-hazardous liquid waste, and non-hazardous handling, storage, and proper disposal. • The contractor shall hold regular safety meetings to ensure proper liquid waste measures are being adhered to and efforts are being made to minimize the amount of liquid waste produced. • The contractor shall ensure compliance with all liquid waste management procedures and practices. • Liquid wastes generated from operational procedures such as drilling residue and fluids shall not be allowed to flow into drainageways, inlets, or receiving waters. • All liquid wastes shall be contained in designated areas such as sediment basins, holding pits, or portable tanks. Designated containment areas shall be located away from drainageways, inlets, receiving waters, areas of high traffic, and areas susceptible to flooding. WM-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc • Precautions shall be taken to ensure that proper spill prevention and control measures are being implemented to avoid accidental spills. • If a liquid waste is released or spilled, capture the liquid with proper cleanup methods. Do not allow the liquid waste to flow uncontrolled or into drainageways, inlets, and receiving waters. Use diverting methods such as temporary dikes to control the spill and direct it to containment areas for capture. • The contractor shall be responsible for adhering to all permit requirements, federal, state, and local regulations for properly disposing liquid waste. Hazardous waste The following are general guidelines provided for planning the management of hazardous wastes. • Hazardous waste storage, transportation, and disposal shall comply with 49 CFR 172, 173, 178, 179, and 261-263, and state regulations. • Special materials and equipment may be required to manage wastes that are corrosive, combustible, flammable, oxidizer, poison, toxic, or reactive. Clearly label all waste containers with the appropriate description of the wastes being contained. • Hazardous wastes shall be segregated, and incompatible or reactive wastes shall be disposed of properly in a manner to prevent fires and explosion. Always consult the health and safety officer, engineer, and/or project manager prior to mixing hazardous wastes for disposal. Hazardous waste shall be segregated properly into various categories such as liquids, semi-liquids, and solids. • Select the most appropriate disposal container to store the hazardous waste. Additionally, select a container that is compatible with the hazardous material being stored. For instance, use plastic or plastic-lined steel drums for storing corrosive materials. Corrosive materials will react with steel and cause the waste to be released from the drum. Always consult the engineer or project manager to ensure that the container and waste are compatible. • Waste containers shall be stored and managed in temporary containment facilities that shall meet the following requirements: − A spill containment volume 1.5 times the volume of all containers − Impervious to the materials contained for a minimum contact time of 72 hours − Free of accumulated rainwater or spills, with sufficient separation provided between stored containers to allow for spill cleanup − Incompatible, ignitable, and reactive materials shall not be stored in the same temporary containment facility − “Caution: Flammable Material” signs must be posted near containment areas to prevent fires or explosions • The following management guidelines are recommended for containment facilities: − Keep containers closed at all times except when adding or removing waste from the container. Use a funnel or hose to transfer wastes to drums. − You must open, handle, and store containers to prevent ruptures or leaks. Make sure to open drums with a spark-proof wrench. − If the container begins to leak or you notice dents or bulges, transfer the waste to another container. WM-4 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc • Locate containment areas away from high-traffic areas, waterways, drainage inlets, sensitive habitats, and areas prone to flooding or ponding. • Waste residuals from equipment or brushes shall be cleaned in designated containment areas and shall not be allowed to seep into soils causing soil contamination or to discharge into watercourses or drainageways. • Secondary containment needs to be provided for all hazardous waste containers. In addition, containment berms shall be used in fueling and maintenance areas where the potential for spills is high. • Hazardous waste containment areas shall be pre-approved by the engineer and/or project manager. • It is the contractor’s responsibility to ensure that all hazardous waste discovered or generated at a project site is disposed of properly by a licensed hazardous material disposal contractor/facility utilizing properly completed Uniform Waste Manifest forms. The contractor is responsible for not exceeding hazardous waste storage requirements mandated by the state or other localities. • Additional disposal guidelines for non-hazardous solid and liquid waste are included in Sections WM 2 and WM 4, respectively. Contaminated waste The following are general guidelines provided for planning the management of contaminated soils. • The contractor is responsible for reviewing relevant environmental reports, appropriate plans, and project special provisions for contaminated soils information. The contractor shall also take initiative to further inform the engineer of any potential or identified contaminated soils on the project site. • Contractor and employees are responsible for meeting safety training requirements mandated by 29 CFR 1910.120 prior to performing any construction work or excavation at projects sites where contaminated soils have been classified as hazardous materials. • The contractor is responsible for following all rules and regulations applicable to the excavation, handling, transport, and disposal of contaminated and hazardous materials. The applicable rules and regulations are not limited to the standards of Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), and local agencies. • Contaminated soils should be placed in a lined and bermed area. • Surround the perimeter of the exclusion zone with a security fence for safety. • Collect impacted soil samples and complete a characterization analysis. • Collect non-reusable protective equipment used at the project site and dispose of it properly. Additionally, treat and/or dispose of wastewater from decontamination procedures. • Contaminated soil shall be transported to a licensed disposal facility on vehicles registered for that purpose. • When an underground storage tank is discovered at a construction site, coordinate with the regional environmental project manager for guidance on handling and disposal procedures. • Preventive measures, such as berms, freeze walls, cofferdams, and grout curtains, should be installed to prevent stormwater runoff or groundwater from mixing with hazardous materials or underground tank excavations. Water exposed to contaminated areas should be placed in water-tight holding tanks, tested, and properly disposed. WM-5 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the Stormwater Management Plan. The contractor shall monitor concrete activities to ensure proper waste management techniques are being utilized. Maintenance of temporary concrete washout facilities shall include removing hardened concrete and proper disposal. It is recommended that facilities be cleaned out once they are 75 percent full, or new facilities shall be constructed to provide additional concrete waste storage. Check for and remove litter and debris from drainage grates and other drainage structures. Provide cover for dumpsters and waste containers to prevent entry of rainwater and loss of contents by high winds. Inspect perimeter controls, containment structures, berms, covers, and liners. Repair or replace as needed to function properly. The contractor shall be responsible for monitoring on-site contaminated storage and disposal procedures. References Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), Erosion and Pollution Control Manual. 2005. http://www.azdot.gov/ADOT_and/Storm_Water/Erosion_Pollution_Control_Manual.asp Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp WM-6 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Vehicle and Equipment Management (VEM) Description Procedures and practices used to minimize or eliminate the discharge of pollutants during the following operations: • Cleaning of vehicles and equipment prior to or during use on project site. • Fueling of vehicles. • Maintenance of vehicles and equipment. Applicability These procedures are applied on all construction sites where vehicle and equipment cleaning, fueling, and/or maintenance takes place. Limitations Only use on-site vehicle and equipment fueling when it is impractical to send vehicles and equipment off site to be refueled. Comply with local codes and ordinances regarding the disposal of fluids and consumables, and the on-site maintenance of equipment. Standards and specifications Vehicle and equipment cleaning • On-site vehicle and equipment washing is discouraged, but may be necessary to eliminate spread of invasive species to areas outside of project site. • Cleaning of vehicles and equipment with soap, solvents, or steam shall not occur on the project unless the Engineer has been notified in advance and the resulting wastes are fully contained and disposed of outside of the highway right-of-way in conformance with the Standard Specifications. Resulting wastes shall not be discharged or buried. • When equipment/vehicle washing/cleaning must occur on site and the operation cannot be located within a structure or building equipped with appropriate disposal facilities, the outside cleaning shall have the following characteristics and shall be arranged with the Erosion Control Coordinator: VEM-1 − A washout area shall be an excavated pit, which will later be backfilled or where the concrete wash can harden and be properly disposed of. June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc − Locate wash out areas close to the active construction site on the project. − Locate wash out pits away from storm drains, open ditches, or receiving waters. − Use only when necessary. − When cleaning vehicles/equipment with water use as little water as possible. Consider using high pressure sprayers, which require less water. Vehicle and equipment fueling • When fueling must occur on site, the contractor shall select and designate an area to be used, subject to approval by the Engineer. • Federal, state, and local requirements shall be observed for any stationary aboveground storage tanks. • Mobile fueling of construction equipment throughout the site shall be minimized. Whenever practical, equipment shall be transported to the designated fueling area. • Spill prevention, containment, and countermeasures shall be included in the Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) if the volume of project site fuel in a single container exceeds 660 gallons, or if the total fuel storage volume at any one site exceeds 1,320 gallons. • Designated fueling areas shall be protected from stormwater runoff and shall be located at least 50 feet from downstream drainage facilities or watercourses. Fueling must be performed on level-grade areas. • Protect fueling areas with berms and/or dikes to prevent run-on, runoff and to contain spills. • Absorbent spill clean-up materials and spell kits shall be available in fueling areas and on fueling trucks and shall be disposed of properly after use. • Drip pans or absorbent pads shall be used during vehicle and equipment fueling, unless the fueling is performed over an impermeable surface in a dedicated fueling area. • Nozzles used in vehicle and equipment fueling shall be equipped with an automatic shut-off to control drips. Fueling operations shall not be left unattended. Fuel tanks shall not be “topped off.” Vehicle and equipment maintenance • Plan for the proper recycling or disposal of used oils, hydraulic fluids, gear lubricants, batteries, and tires. • Use appropriate, leak-proof containers for fuels, oils, and lubricants to provide for proper disposal. • Use steam or high-pressure water instead of thinners and solvents to wash down equipment. Wash water and detergents can be disposed of in the sanitary sewer system after grit is removed, after checking with local authorities. • Use drip pans or absorbent pads under equipment during maintenance that involves fluids. • Equipment maintenance and wash-out areas should be located at least 50 feet away from drainages. • Provide spill containment areas around stored oil and chemical drums. • Provide a contained wash-out area to wash down heavy equipment. VEM-2 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Maintenance considerations The frequency of inspections should be in accordance with the SWMP. Vehicles and equipment shall be inspected for leaky gaskets and damages hoses. Leaks shall be repaired immediately or problem vehicles or equipment shall be removed from the project site. Any damaged hoses shall be repaired or replaced as needed. Fueling areas and storage tanks shall be inspected. Immediately clean up spills and properly dispose of contaminated soil and cleanup materials. Inspect equipment maintenance areas and wash-out areas. Inspect fluid containers for leaks. Repair leaky fluid containers immediately. References Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), Erosion and Pollution Control Manual. 2005. http://www.azdot.gov/ADOT_and/Storm_Water/Erosion_Pollution_Control_Manual.asp Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002. http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp VEM-3 June 2008 M:\Encana\BMP Manual\BMP Manual - Round 2\SWMM Final 06-09-08.doc Appendix F Oil and Gas Construction Field Permit Certification NOTICE OF AMENDMENT OF PERMIT COVERAGE and/or Final Stabilization Certification Appendix G Inspection and Maintenance Report Form In Use? In Use? In Use? In Use? In Use? In Use? Signature Signature certifying that the site is in compliance (after all necessary repairs, maintenance, and changes have been made): __________________________ Slope Drain Trench Breaker Water Bar EnCana SWMP Inspection and Maintenance Report Form Soil Stabilizers Revegetation Berm Culvert Culvert Inlet Protection Culvert Outlet Protection Yes No N/A Acceptable waste management procedures? Winter Conditions Exist Diversion Drainage Dip Level Spreader Roadside Ditches and Turnouts Additional Comments: New BMPs installed , changes, dates performed, etc…) Run On Diversion Ecosystem/Vegetation Type(s): Vegetation Observations Site Revegetated: Yes No Current Vegetation: _____% Vegetation Growth uniform and at least 70% of pre-disturbance levels: Yes No Pre-disturbance Vegetation: _____% (estimate from undisturbed surrounding areas) Erosion Control: Approximate area of site to be disturbed (acres): Receiving Water(s): Other Site Specific Information: Stockpiling - Topsoil and Subsoil Surface Roughening Terracing Site perimeter/discharge points inspected? Dewatering Best Management Practice (BMP) Check List Soil Type(s): Vehicles entrance(s)/exit(s) inspected? Silt Fence Detention Pond Filter Berm Sediment Trap Sediment Reservoir Comments Sediment Control: Check Dam Wattles Mulching Land Grading - Roads (slopes/gravel/etc) Turf Reinforcement Mat Retaining Wall Type of Area: Well Pad Access Road to Well Pad Other Road Pipeline Other Facility:_____________________ Phase of Construction: Preconstruction Construction Drilling Completions Title of Inspector: Name of Inspector: Date: Vegetated Buffer Comments Drainage Control: Type of Inspection: Active (14 days since last inspection) Completed (1 month since last inspection) Site Specific Information Active (Within 24 hours of a rain/snowmelt event that causes surface erosion or 72 hours for temporarily idle sites) Erosion Control Blanket Riprap Hydraulic Mulching Yes No N/A Yes No N/A Any sediment/pollutant discharged off-site? Date If no change since above inspection (no changes to BMPs or SWMP) Yes No N/A Yes No N/A 14 day Monthly Pptn. Event Non-Stormwater Control: Dust Control Non-Stormwater Control: Type of Inspection 14 day Monthly Pptn. Event 14 day Monthly Pptn. Event Comments Sediment Control: Slash Stabilized Construction Riprap Wattles Straw Bale Barrier Location/Observation: 14 day Monthly Pptn. Event 14 day Monthly Pptn. Event Acceptable vehicle/equipment maintenance?Yes No N/A All disturbed areas inspected? Yes No N/A Material storage areas inspected? Reoccupy Interm Reclamation Final Reclamation Area Inspected (Site ID): ___________________ Signature _______________ Date Appendix H Inactivation Form Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment FOR AGENCY USE ONLY Water Quality Control Division WQCD-P-B2 REC________ ________ ________ 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South EFF ________ ________ ________ Denver, Colorado 80246-1530 YEAR MONTH DAY INACTIVATION NOTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER DISCHARGE GENERAL PERMIT CERTIFICATION Please print or type. Form must be filled out completely. Certification Number: COR-03 ___ ___ ___ ___ Taxpayer ID or EIN ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Permittee (Company) Name: Permittee Address: Phone No. ( ) Site/Facility Name: Construction Site Address/Location: County: Contact Person: Summary of work performed and description of final site stabilization: I certify under penalty of law that by the date of my signature below, all disturbed soils at the identified construction site have been finally stabilized; all temporary erosion and sediment control measures have been removed; all construction and equipment maintenance wastes have been disposed of properly; and all elements of the Stormwater Management Plan have been completed. I understand that by submitting this notice of inactivation, I am no longer authorized to discharge stormwater associated with construction activity by the general permit. I understand that discharging pollutants in stormwater associated with construction activities to the waters of the State of Colorado, where such discharges are not authorized by a CDPS permit, is unlawful under the Colorado Water Quality Control Act and the Clean Water Act. I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information submitted herein, and based on my inquiry of those individuals immediately responsible for obtaining the information, I believe that the information is true, accurate and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment. (See 18 U.S.C 1001 and 33 U.S.C. 1319.) Signature of Permit Applicant (Legally Responsible Party) Date Signed Name (printed) Title 9/97/cn/in Article 4-203.E.18 Reclamation Plan Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 North Parachute Ranch (NPR) Reclamation Plan I 1 TABLE OF CON TE~TS r.\TRO DUCTf ON .......................................................................................................................... l B . .\C K G RO LfN D ............................................................................................................................ l Climatic Zones within rhe NP R ...................................................................................................... I Uppe r Zone ..................................................................................................................................... 2 lVlicld le Zone .................................................................................................................................... 2 Lovve r Zone ..................................................................................................................................... 3 REC LAMATION CHAL LE\iGES AND A VOrDANCE RECO M\tt ENDA TrONS .................... 5 RECLA:VfA TlO N CONS!DERA TIO~S ........................................................................................ 5 Timing of Re-v egetation vV ork ....................................................................................................... 5 Topso i I f-[andl ing ............................................................................................................................ 6 Use of Fertilizer .............................................................................................................................. 6 Use of Mu I ch ................................................................................................................................... 7 Use of Certified Seed ...................................................................................................................... 7 Harvesti ng Local Seed .................................................................................................................... 7 Seed Tes tin g .................................................................................................................................... 8 In ocu lation of Legu1ne s .................................................................................................................. 8 In ocu lation of Ste ti le Soi Is .............................................................................................................. 8 Detem1inarion of Pure Li ve Seed (PLS ) ratio ................................................................................. 8 SEE D MIXTURE RECOMYIENDA TIO NS .................................................................................. 9 Rec lan1at ion l'vt onitoring ............................................................................................................... 11 vVec ds ............................................................................................................................................ 11 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. l 6 lNTROD UC TI O~ Thi s document is a re c lamation g uide for use in re sto rati on of lands on Encana 's No 1th Pa rachute Ran ch, where oil and gas dev e lopment acti vitit!s have disturbed the surface by the construction of well pads . roads , and pipe Imes. tncana has asked \i'v'estWater Eng ineeri ng to provide reco mmend at ions that will facilitate initial re-ve geta ti on and re-e stab li shment of narural succession of native plant species. This plan is ba se d on the combined knowledg e of WestWater's bio logists (Michael W. Klish , Rusty Roberts and Bi ll Clark), who have pe rsona l experience in th e project area vic inity that spans more than 30 yea rs eac h, and availab le lit erature pro vid ed in the reference section. Encana's land us e objective for the North Parac hute Ranch is to re-establi s h a se l f-sustain ing vegetation cover integrated with the surrounding ecosystems . Th e plan is a ''wo rkin g document'' and subj ect to amen dment and revis ion based upon new info rmation and changes in land use at NPR. The recommenda ti ons included herein appl y to disturbances on up land plant communit ies. Recom mendations fo r wet land hab itats are not included as disturbance to these plant com munitie s are expected to be minima l. This doc um ent provides recommendat ions fo r the following major subject areas: ( l) Reclamation Challenges and Critical Area Avoidance (2) Rec lamation (3) NPR Seed Mixrures { 4) Reclamation Monitoring BACKGROUN D C limatic Zones within the NPR There are three cl imatic zones within the ~P R and are refe 1Ted to as the Upp er, Middle and Lower Zones. Sim il ar precipitation patterns, soils and plant communities ex ist with in the three zo nes. The Upper Zone consists of lands above th e rim rock escarp ment o f the Roan Pla teau at elevations betwee·n 7,500 to 8,500 feet; excluding s lopes greater than 20%, so uth facing areas. The Midd le Zone co ns ists of lands be tween the escarpment of the plateau to the toe of the s lope along the va ll ey fl oo rs at elevat io ns between 7,500 a nd 6,000; in clud ing steep, south fac ing s lop es abo ve 7 ,500 feet. The Lmve r Zone consists of the lov,:er te1nces and floodplains along th e valley bottoms of the major dra inages below elevations of 6 ,000 feet. Tbe location of NPR is shown on Fi gure l (attached), a 2005 ae ria l photo show in g the ge nera l locat ions of the Upper, Middle and Lowe r Zones. NPR Rec lamation Pla n Ma y 2006 Upp e r Zone The Upper Zone rece ives 16 to 15 inches of annual precipitatio n. A majori ty of the annual prec ipi tat ion is rece ived du rin g non-growing season (late fa ll/vv inter). Primary plant communities in the Upp e r Zone are Mountain Bi g Sagebrus h/Wheatgrass and Up land Dec idu ous Shrub /Whe a tgrass shrub lands with smaller occurrences of Aspen and Dougla s Fir forest s and tiparian shr ub , tree a nd wetland habitats. Th e plant communities in the Upper Zone ha ve the gre ates t di ve rsity of plant spec ies. Most of these spec ies have ada pted me chan isms for es tab li shmen t and surviva l in the pr esence of th e co mp etitio n exe 1ted by ot her species in th e co mmuni ty. These co mmuniti es are dominated by short -lived coo l season bunch gra ss es , which are an importan t factor in provid ing inte rsp aces for estab li shm en t and mai ntenan ce of forbs and s hrub s w ithin the community. Some of th e maj or spec ies in the Upper Zo ne are listed in th e following table. Ma.ior Native Plant S ()ecies within select Upper Zone Plant Communities Grass/Gras.s like Forbs S hrubs Lettennan ~eed l egrass Mountain Lupin e Mo untain Bi g Sagebrush Co lomb ia Need le grass Silkv Lupin e Antelope Bitt erbru s h Sle nder W11eatgrass Roc ky Men. Penstemon Mo untain Snowberry Mountain Brome Watson Penstemon Low Rabbitbrush Nodding Brom e Su lphur Buckwh ea t Utah Serviceberry Gree n Need le!!rass Ame ri ca n Vetch Gambel's Oakbrush Idaho F escue Western Yarrow ChokecheITy Elk Sedge Ma ny-F lowe red Phlox Red Elderberry Bas in Wildrye Arrow leaf ba lsamroo t Blue Wildrve Upp er Zo ne S ummary Soils wi thin this zone a re prim aril y loa m tex tured so il s within the Parac hut e-R.hone-Iri gu l series. Th ese soi ls are most ly we ll -dr ain ed, coo l so ils with dar k-co lored, organic-rich surface laye rs derived from sha le and sandstone . Soi l textures above th e rim are generall y loam w ith loam to clay loam sub-so i.ls and range in depth fr om <2 0"on rid ges to >6 0" in swa le s. All of the upl a nd so il s above the rim are in low to medium eros ion classes (BLM , 2004, Fox , et a l ., l 973). Middle Zo n e The Mi dd le Zone re ceives 13 to 14 inches of a nnual precipitation. A majori ry of the ann ua l precip it at ion is received during non-growing season (late fa ll /vvinter). A sign ificant portion of this zone consists. of un st able slopes that are relati ve ly barren of an y vegetation . Accord in g to Fox, et a l., 19 73, th ese barren s lopes are fairly eros io n resistant if w1disturbed. Prim ary plant commun it ies on more stab le slopes are Bunchgra ss /Forb Open Grassland, Up land Deciduo us Shrub /\.Vheatgrass shrub lands, Pin yon/Junip er woodla nd s and Dougla s Fir forests. Th ese comm unitie s are dominated by coo l seaso n bunch grasses. NPR Recl amatio n Pl a n 2 May 2006 Ma_jor Native Plant S p eci es within select Middle Zo n e Plant Communities G rass/Grass like Forbs Shrubs Blu ebunch Wheatgras s Fringed Sage (Half-Shrub) Utah Serviceberry [ndian Ri ce_grass Warson Pen stem on Mountain Bi g Sagebrush Thick sp ik e Wheatgrass Su lphur Buckwheat Ant e lope Bitt erbrush Green Needle!o!rass Western Yarrow Mountain Mah og an y J unegrass Lewis Flax Gambel's Oakbrush Bas in Wildrv e Sil ky L upine Mounta in Snowberry Elk Sedge Utah Sweetvetch Low Rabbitbrus h Middle Zone S ummarv Th e area be low the rim e ncomp ass ing th e cl iffs, tal us and steep co llu via l s lopes at the base of the cliffs are deri ved from the Green Ri ver shal e. Below the cli ffs a nd ta lus is a zo ne of soils fotmed fr om co llu vium a nd Wasatc h Formation. Soil s arc s hall ow, poorly deve loped and there are many rock outcrop s and bad lands. Badlands are steep, nearly barre n a rea s di ss ected by many ephemera l drainages . Soil s on che upper slo pes o f this zo ne ha ve a thin, organi c-ric h s urface layer and littl e development of so il hori zo ns. So il s on lowe r s lope s are sha llo w to moderate ly deep and are we ll -drai ned. Su rfa ce texture is loam, cla y loam, or s ilty c lay loam with variable amount s of grave l, cob bl es and boulders , ta lus s lopes and colluv ial slopes below rock Bad l ands of the Wasatch Formation ~ outcrops . So il s are moderate lo hi ghl y alkaline. Sub-so il s usua ll y have high er cl ay content and are calca reous. Erosio n hazard is usual ly seve re (BL M, 2004). Lower Zone The Lower Zone receives l 0 to 13 inches of annual pr ecip itati on. A majority of the annual precipitat ion is received during non-grow in g season (lat e fa ll /winte r). Thi s zone conca in s so me o f th e most arid sires. Primary plant communit ies in the Lower Zone o n benc hes and terraces are Wyoming Big Sagebrush/Wheargras s shrublands grading to sal e de sert shrubs lik e fouiw in g saltbush or shadsca le o n the mos t arid s ites. Th e fl oodplain communities include Ba sin Big Sagebrush/Greasewoo d sh ru blan ds on old fl oodp la in terra ces and srreams ide riparia n woodlands with cottonwood or box-elde r habitats. Cool-se aso n bunchgrasses or coo l-seaso n sod-forming grasses or both dominate plan t co mmunitie s in th e Lower Zone. NPR Reclamation Plan 3 May 2006 Major Native Plant Species within select Lower Zone Plant Communities Grass/Grass lik e Forbs Shrubs Western Wheatgrass Hood s Phlo x Wyom in g Bi g Sagebrush [ndian Ri cegrass Scarlet G lob ema ll ow Bas in Bi g Sagebrnsh Need le-and-T hread Grass Utah Sweetvetch Greasewoo d Bottlebrush Squin-eltai l S il ve rleaf Lupin e Rubber Rab bitbrusb June grass Lew is Flax Antelope Bitterbrush Sandberg Bluegra ss Longle af Phlo x Low Rabbitbrus h Bluebunch \Vh eatgrass Thickleaf Pen stemon Bro om Snakeweed Basin Wildrye Winterfat Sh adsca le Saltbush Four WinQ Saltb ush Riparian Habitat in the Low e r Zone Stream s are na1T ow and low and hi gh po ints in the annua l hydro graph are wide ly divergent. Rip arian plant co mmuni ties below the cliffs are dec iduou s woodlands on lower stream terrac es and floodplains dom ina ted by Fremont cottonwood at lower ele vat ions and narrowleaf and bo x- e lder at higher e levations up to the esca rpment s. Matu re box-e lder woodlands with a dense und erstory of shmb s in cludin g rive r birch, alder and red-os ie r do gwood dominate th e lower We st Fork immediately belo\.v the West Fork Falls. The East Fork woo dl ands ma y in d ude Do uglas fir . Wood y plant di vers ity is gre atest in und isturb ed ri parian habitat in thi s zone. Ma.ior Native Plant Species within select Lower Zone Riparian Communities Grass/Grass like Forbs Shrubs/Trees Inl a nd saltgrass Wes tern whit e cl emati s Fremont co tt onwood Foxtai l barley Marsh-elder Narrow leaf cottonwood Arct ic rush Wild lico rice Box-e lder Sw itchgrass Wild mint Bl ack chok ec herry Wes tern Wheatgrass Brook cinquefo il Skunkbush sumac Prairi e cord gras s Canada go ldenrod Wood's rose Golden currant Sandb ar wi ll ow Peac hl eaf wi ll ow Bebb willow Lower Zone Summarv Soil s in the lower zone are calcareous, moderate to strongly a lkaline , some highl y saline, loams and s ilty clay loams on bench es, terrac es and allu via l fans. Floodplain soi ls are sa nd y loam or loa m strat ified with sand, grave l or cobb les der ived from sha le or sa nd sto ne. So il s fonned in the allu vium are deri ved from sandstones , shales and mar ls and appear on benches , terraces , alluvial NPR Reclamati o11 Plan 4 May 2006 fans and fl oo dpla ins in the Lower Zone . Surface texrure rang es fr o m loam and sand y lo am co clay loa m with sub-soils o f san dy loam co clay (Fox, et. al 1973 and BLM , 2004 ). RECLA~lA TIO:\f C HALLENGES A~D AVO IDANCE RE C OMM EN DA TIO NS No rth Parachute Ranch pre sent s extreme reclamation challe nges from a br oa d array of c li mate and geomorpholog ical fact o rs inherenc to the sire. These factors often act sy nergi stically and increase the nega t ive effects exponen tiall y. T hese factors include : • Steep s lop es and po tential for soil mov ement. • Effecti ve soil moi sture iss ues in cludin g timing of seeding to co in c ide wi th natural precipitation. • Difficulty in re -c ontouring to blend wich extre me slopes of narura l topography . • T hi n soi ls due to infe11ility from s lope, exposure and so il so urce mat er ia ls. • Slumps (in stab ility. diffic ulty in holding s lopes). • Difficu lty prev e ntin g esta bli s hment of noxiou s weeds in di s turbed la nd. • Riparian area::> es peciall y th ose dominate d by mature cottonwood s1box-e ld er/shrubs (d ue to wi ldlife and water qua lity va lue and long-t enn needed co es tablish large trees). Such areas, if disturbed , are very likely to require more t ime and expense to effec ti ve ly reclaim. For exam pk, riparian wood land and shrub land di sturbances may require installa ti on of li ve plant material :) in the form o f contai nerized trees and shrubs. in sta ll at ion and three years of carefu l oversight and watering of th ese woody species to in sure s ur viva l is far more cost ly than disrurba:ice on sites , whi c h can be successfully re-seeded . fn add iti on to s usceptibi lity to erosio n and sediment problems. difficult, li sted noxio us weeds also pre sent a re c lamatio n cha ! lenge of huge pr oport ions. For these reas ons, it is recommended livestock grazing be po stponed indefinite ly. Ca nada thistle on the We st Fo rk and houndstongue on th e Ea s t Fo rk se riou s ly threate n riparian plant communi ti es. Both problc::ms a re exasperated by grazin g of li vestock up stream from NPR pro perty. Pmdenc e suggests reduc in g the problem as much as po ss ible and one technique for s low in g the spread of in va s ive weeds is to re move liv es tock. Liv estock decrease nati ve plant abilitie s to compete with invasive spec ies. Li vestoc k can pbys ica ll y mo ve 1.veed seeds around the prop erty in the ir coats or by ing es ting an d excre t in g viable weed seeds. RE CLAMAT IO N CONSIDER.I\ TlONS This section pro vide s recommendat ion s for action s that should be taken in co njunction with seed in g of sit es und e rgoi ng rec la mation. Timing of Re-vegetatio n \Vork Timing of re-vegeta ti on is crit ica l to the success of the wo rk . Rep la cem ent of topso il shou ld occur just pri or to re-seeding to prevent earl y genn ination and establishment of highl y co mpetitive annua l wee ds. I n nearl y all cases, re -vege tati on should occ ur as quickly as pos sible NPR Recl a mati on Plan 5 May 2006 after topsoiling, in order to maintain so il nutrients and microbe kvels, discourage weed inv as ion , and contro l eros ion . Re-seed in g shou ld be timed co coincide immediate ly prior to the season of greatest precipitation, late fall /winter. Seed of many native plant spec ies require a period of freezing temperatures prior to gem1ination which ensures the seed w ill genninate in spting when soil moisture cond iti ons are optimum for establishment and survival of the seedling. Also , severa l nati ve spec ie s, s uch as big sagebrush, begin their slow gennination process und er snow cover. lde a ll y, topsoil rep lacement sho uld occur in late August and September fo ll owed by re-seeding in late September to early December prior to freezing soi l surfa ce. lf re-vegetatio n occurs too early, seeds are subjected to unnecessary exposure to seed predators and spo ilage. If it occurs too late (spring planting), seeds and plants may encounter insufficient moi sture to genninate or to s urvive after gennination, and \vi ii be faced with higher competition from annual weeds. Topsoil Handling Proper handling and storage of topsoil is critical to successful re-vegetation, especially in the case of re-establishing importanc native plant species on disturbed areas. The topsoi l contains soi l mi crobes (bacteria, micon-hiza, invertebrates) and seed banks of viable seed for th e native plants present on the site. Many native plant species depend upon the activ ity of soil microbes for gennination in some instances and for estab li sh and surviva l of most seedlings. Topsoil is usually stripped from a site and stored in the sma ll est place possible in deep, unstable piles. Stockpiling topsoi l in deep , unstable piles for long periods (over 30 days) results in th e loss or limit a£ion of topsoil microbes and viab le seed. This is especia ll y so where so ils are stockp il ed more than several feet in heigbt and biological activity is diminished from lack of oxygen. Topsoil should be protected frorn eros ion and weed invasion. Topsoi l s hould be stockp il ed in piles no deeper than 2 feet with stable slopes and be positioned to minimize exposure to w ind and water erosion. Topsoil pile s stored for longer than 30 days shou ld be immediate ly seeded to provide cover to reduce eros ion , provide competition for weed spec ie s, and to maintain viability of the soil fungi and microbe communities. Several fast germinating sterile cover crops ("Regreen" and "'Qu ickguard'.) are commerc ially availab le that shou ld be used for short period storage of topsoil. Topsoi l sto red for more than one growing season should be seeded with one of the recommended seed mix.es based upon the zone the site is in . Us ing the recommended seed mixes on long-tenn storage piles will help maintain biological activity and provide a seed bank of viable seed. ff long -tenn stock.piling or deep stockp iling can not be avoided, application of mico1Thizal inoculants (see section below) may be beneficial. Use of Fertilizer Use of fertilizer should not be used in the reclamation of mid or semi-arid sites. These areas are typically at high risk of invasion by exot ic annua l weeds, almost all of which are favored by higher levels of nitrogen . Native vvestem specie s are we ll adapted to the low fertility of soils in these areas. There are ma ny cases of severe weed infestations, which are directly attributable to NPR Reclamacion Plan 6 May 2006 add ition of nitrog en. In add iti o n to the co nsid erab le cost in c urr ed, the routine use of fert ili zer ma y well tri gge r problems with und es irab le annual in vade rs, which ca n be esse nti a lly imp ossi bl e to cmTect. Use o f M ulch Mulch sbo uld be use d on ly where th ere are spec ifi c indicati o ns for its app li cat ion, and no t as a routin e element in rec la mati on. It may be useful in wetter a reas or on extreme ly s tee p areas where severe eros ion potent ial ex ists. On drier upland areas there are a num ber of potent ia l prob lems. These include: wicking of so il moi sture leading to in creased evaporat io n, alterati on of carbon: nitrogen ratios, artraction of rode nt and inve it ebr ates to seed and see dlin g predators, and plant competitio n from gra in or weed seeds in the mul ch. Wh ere mu lcb is used , it is imperative that it be retain ed e ither by mechanical cri mpin g, application of a tackifier, or with nett ing. These materia ls and the time re quired for their app licat ion add sub sta ntially to reclamation cos ts. Use of C ertified S eed The two type s of certified seed are ''Blue Tagged Ce 1tified See d" and "Ye ll ow Tagged Source Ident ifi ed Seed''. Certified Seed (B lue Tag): Seed Certification is the means of mainta ining the ped ig ree (geneticall y pure se ed) of a specific va riety of seed. Each state ha s a seed cert ifying age ncy or cro p improveme nt association th at ce rtifi es seed. Blu e Tagge d Cert ifi ed Seed must meet hi gh purity and gem1i nation standards and hav e a low weed content, usua ll y less than 0.25 percent. Blue ta gge d certified seed can not conta in any prohibited noxious weeds of the state of ce 1tifica ti on. Man y native spec ies are now ava ilab le in certified c ultiv ars and in mo st cases the cert ified c ul t i va rs are lower cost. So urc e [d e ntifi ed Seed (Y e llo w Tag): Th e re is a stro ng mark et for native pla nt mat eri a ls, but there may not be cert ified ecotypes available due to a lack o f breeding, low supp ly, or high cost to produce, or unr e liable demand. f n most cases , native planr mate ria l sho ul d be acquired from har vest areas. wit h the same or hi gher latitude of the area of int end ed use. State seed laws on ly requi re that the actual state of origin be on the label. To rece ive seed from the a rea you de signate , it is ad vi sable to request "So urce Tdent i fied Seed" in order to ensure that a ce rt ification agency has ve ri fied the exact location from whi c h the see d was harvested. Source Identified certificati o n is in plac e in Co lora do, New Mex ico , Utah , Wyoming and Montana. Ye ll ow tag s do not guarantee that the seed is free of noxious weeds. Buyers shou ld refer to the vendor's labe l for ana lys is and weed content, or bet ter yet, test the seed themse lves. Harv esting L ocal Seed Plant speci es commonly d isp la y co nsiderab le site adaptatio n and variability . Thus see d co ll ected for from its evenh1a l planting site ofte n does less well than seed of the same species collected clo se r to th e plant ing sit e. Most professional seed suppli ers record tbe co lle c tion sit e , and it ma y be possible to choo se see d that is from locally adapted plants. If such se ed is not available, th e possibility o f contracting with collectors to obtain local seed should be investigated. NPR Reclamation Plan 7 Ma y 2006 See d T es tin g Testing seed is the on ly way to insu re the quality of the see d (purity and viabi lity ) and that no unde si rab le sp ecies are pre se nt. Purity te sts wi ll s how the perc e nrage s of crop, weed and inert matter (mate ri al other tha n seed s uch as stems or chutl), and show if th e percentage of each spec ies in the mix mee ts the sta nda rds ordered . Th e te 1111 s germinati on and viubi lily a re so met imes use d inte rc han geab ly, but do not ha ve the sa me me an ing . A ge nninati on rest will dete nnine bo1,,v seeds perfonn under fa vo rable conditions; howeve r, so me seeds are donnant and do nor genninate even though they are still alive. Dormant seeds ha ve the pote ntial to germ ina te if donnanc y is broke n, usually through time andi or physiologica l stimulu s. A viabi li ty res t wi ll show th e sum of th e perce nt genninated an d perce nt donnant seeds in a seed lot, providing infonna ti on on the pote ntia l genni nation of the lot. Proper seed samplin g is very impo rt an t. The tes t re sults rece ive d can be no better than the samp le se nt in . Samp les shou ld be se nt to a seed lab that tests acco rding to the sta nda rds es tab li shed by the Nat iona l Associatio n of Officia l Seed Cerr i ti cat ion Ana lyst s. Ino cula t ion of Leg um es Mos t leg ume see d s should be created with com me rciall y a va ilab le Rhi::obium in oc ulan ts to ensure that they are ab le to make best advantage o f the ir capabilities for nitroge n fixation. Legumes in cl uded in see d mix es are: American Vetch , Cicer's Mil kvetch, Sainfo in, an d Uta h Sweervetc h. inoculation of Sterile Soils Arbuscula r mycorrbiza (fun gi) are components of li ve tops oil and fonn sy mbi otic relationsh ips wi th pla nt root s. There are two types and they are especially critica l for plants in infertile soi ls or drought pr one areas such as tho se found on NPR. l n mo st cases on NPR, en dom yco rrh iza should be used to in oc ulate the so il since this is the ty pe of fungi that assoc iates with herbace o us and broad leafed woody plants. If con ifero us species such as pinyon pin e, Uta h junipe r, or Do ug las fir are presc ri bed in reclamat ion, an ectomycorr hi za l fung i wou ld a lso be des irab le. Improperl y stored top so il and areas with lirt le or no topso il s ho ul d be trea ted wit h com merc ia l mycorrhiza (Barrow, 1995). Mycorri hi za l inocu lants a re ava il able in two fonns: as a granul ar fonn for app lication durin g seed in g, and as a powder for co ating of seeds prior to seeding. Gran ular fonn s are typ ica ll y applied at a rate of20 lb s/acre and powder inoculents are applied to the seed at a rate o f l lb s/acre. When broadcast see ded. the granular fonn mu st be incorporated into the soi l with see d by harrowi ng. De te rmination of Pure Li ve See d (PLS) Ratio Before a seed application rat e can be detem1ined it is nece ssa ry to dete m1 ine the perce ntage of pure live seed (pi s ) in the supp lied seed. Seed may contain weed seed, seed of ot her spec ies, cha ff , sand, and other in ert material , and broken see ds. PLS equ als th e percent puriry times th e per cen t genn inati on. Most species are so ld on a PLS bas is. with the price adjus ted acco rd ingly. When g iven a choice betwee n buyin g on a PLS or bu lk basis, PLS is always preferable. Le ss NPR Reclamat ion Plan 8 May 2006 ex pen sive seeds with low·c r pur ity and gennination ma y acrually cos t more on a PLS basis th an mo re expensive seed. SEE D M I XTURE R ECOMMEN D..\ TIONS The following seed mixtures inc lude native grasses that I) pro vide good so il pro tection , 2) are not overly competitive to allov,, nati ve forb s and shrubs to repopulate di sturbed areas, and are co mmercially available in quantities for s mall acreage projects. Mountain big sagebrush is not included in the mixture as it is expec te d to rep o pulate di srurbance from undi stu rbed stan ds (anticipa ted disturban ces are small/lin ear). Sagebru sh also requires a different se eding strategy (broadc a3t on frozen so il or on early snow cove r). Act ivit ies that resu lt in remov al of areas greate r than 5 acres of sage bru sh, and are not with in l 00 feet of sage bru sh co prov ide see d source may need to ha ve sage bru sh in c luded in the seed mixture . Rec ommended Seed Mix for Upper Zone Disturbances Species Variety ( cultivar) Seedin2 Rate (PLS */Ac) Grasses Slender Wheatgras s San Lui s 3 .0 lbs Mou nta in Brom e Garnet 2.0 lb s Nodding Br ome 2 .0 lbs Id aho Fescue or 1.0 lb s Lettem1an 's Need legrass 1 Forbs Rocky Mtn . Penstemon 1.0 lbs C ice r Mi lk vetch 1.0 lbs Utah Sweecvetch l.O lbs Wes tern Yarrow 0.5 lbs American Vetch 1.0 lbs Sil rubs Ante lope Bitt erbrush '.LO lbs *Pure Li ve Seed Total L 4.5 lbs/pls/ac NPR Rec lamation Plan 9 May 2006 Recommended Seed Mix for Middle Zone Disturbances Species Variety ( cultivar) Seedin2 Rate (PLS*/Ac) Grasses Slender \\.11eat grass San Lui s 3.0 lbs Bluebunch Wheat grass or P-7 prefen-ed, Go ld ar 1.0 lb s Beardless Bl uebunch Anacone, or Whitmar Th ic kspike Wheacgras s Critana 2.0 lbs [ndian Ricegrass Rimrock 1.0 lb s Forbs Rocky Mm. Pcn stemon 1.0 lbs Utah Sweetvetch 1.0 lb s Western Yarrow 0 .5 lb s Cicer Milkvetch l.O lb s Ame ri can Vetch l.O lbs Shrubs Ante lope Bitterbrush 1.0 lbs Mountain Mahogany 1.0 lbs Fo ur-vving Saltbush Rin co n l.O lbs *Pure Li ve Seed Total 15 .5 lb s p ls/ac Recommended Seed Mix for Lower Zone Disturbances Species Variety ( cultivar) Seedin2 Rate (PLS*/Ac) Grasses Western Wheatgrass Arriba 3.0 lb s Nee dle-and-Thread Grass l.O lbs Th icksp ik e Wh eatgrass Critan a 2.0 lbs Indi an Ric egrass Rimrock 2.0 lbs Blu ebun ch Wheatgra ss or P7 prefen-ed , Go ld ar , l .O lb s Beardl ess Bl uebunch Anatone or Whitmar Forbs Sc arl et Globemallow 0.5 lb s Ut ah Sweetve tch I l.O lb s Cicer ~lilkv etc h 0.5 lbs Lewi s Fl ax 0.5 Lb s Shrubs Ru bber rabb itbru sh 1.0 lbs Fo ur-wing Saltbush Wytana l.O lbs Ga rdner Salrbu sh and/or I 1.0 lbs Shadscale Salcbush *Pure Li ve Seed Tota l 14.5 lbs pl s/ac NPR Reclamati o n Plan 10 May 2006 Recommended Seed M ix for L ower Zo n e Ripa rian Disturba nces S pecies Variety ( cul tivar) Se edin~ Rate (PLS'"/Ac ) G ras.s es Western \\ 11eatsrrass Arriba 3.0 lbs. Bluebun c h Wheatgrass P-7 2.0 lbs. Basin 'vVildrye Magnar 2 .0 Canby Bluegrass Can bar 0.5 ! .li1Qirr b ~- Western Yarrow 0.5 Utah Sweetvetch 1.0 Scarlet globernallow 0.5 1 S,hr.ubs ---' Fourwing sa ltbush 1.0 Skunkbush Sumac 0.5 *Pure Li ve Se ed Total l l.0 lbs/p is/acre Attached as an Appendix is the table Reclamat ion Seed Mix Preferred Spec ies fo r North Parac hute Ranc h Plant Com mu nit ies , EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) [nc. li sting potentia l species suitable for reclamation work on NPR. The list is prov ided tto account for site dive rs ity, unstab le prices and availability of plant s useful for reclamatio n. The tab le ca n be used to rep lace a s ing le, unavailable 5p ec ies or to develop a complete seed mi x. Of great importance is the so il texture adaptation information in the Appendix. Spec ies with w ide ranges of to lerance (i.e., spec ies with adaptation ratings. of mostly twos and threes) shou ld be se lected whenever possible. Ir is nece ssary to adjust the tota l number of seeds planted per square foot to precipitat ion. so il moi sture and texture , s lope and aspect. In the Lower Zone and riparian teLTaces fewer tocal seeds per square fooc wi ll likely yield better resu lts if seedli ng pl ants are not over-whe lme d by total numbers of plants. [n the Middle Zone of NPR, more seeds can be planted due to generally higher preci pi tation and better so ils in loca li ze d areas, wh il e Uppe r Zone precip itation and dee per soi ls \v iii successfully sustain hi gher nu mbe rs of seed l.ings per sq uare fo ot. Grasses ha ve co nsi stently perfo rmed better than forbs or shru bs in land reclamat ion. More species of grasses. shou ld be in a mi x than fo rb s or shru bs ex ce pt in t he case of shru b-on ly plant ings . Spec ies selected and th e numbe r of seeds per square foot a ll ocated to t hat spec ies a re based on so il , zo ne, and experience in sim il ar situations with other plantings. Generall y, Lower Zone and rip a rian area rec ipes should have fewe r species of pla nt s in the mix , e.g. th ree grasses, one forb an d one shrnb for a total of five spec ies in the mix . Midd l.e Zone mixes shou ld have a moderate number of species of plants in a mix. e.g. four grasses, two forbs and one shrnb species for a tota l of seve n species in a mix . Upper zo nes ca n have as many as nine spec .ies in a mix includ ing four grasses, two or three forbs and two or three shrubs . Reclamat ion Mo nitori n g Success of r~vegerat ion shou ld be judged on the effect ive ness of the vegetation for the post- de ve lopmenr land us e of the property, and the extent of co ver compared to the cover occurring in natural vegeta tion of the area. Projected cover of desirab le species shou ld be based o n cover NPR Rec lam at ion Pl an 11 May 2006 meas ur ed in und istu rbed refe rence areas (nor in cl udin g no n-nat ive, in vas ive spec ies suc h as nox ious weeds). A Na rura l Rderence Area fo r each zo ne s ho uld be esta bl is he el in o rder to measure the s uc cess of rec lamation . Transects wou ld be established in eac h zo ne es tablish for repre se ntati ve pl a nt communities to enable biologists to determine If desirable species have been successfully established. and i f the y pro vide sufficient aer ia l cove r to adequate ly procect che s ite from erosion and in vas ive v.;eeds. Rec lam ation Monitoring wi ll provide evidence of wh e ther a self-sustaining plant comm uni ty has been established and whether vegetative processes such as reproduct ion and seedlin g es tabl ishment are occurr in g. Transects in late spring and late sum mer wi ll provide identification and contribution of most if not a ll domin:rnt plant s found on NPR (Ferchau , 1973 ). Monitorin g res ult s can be compared to studi es conducted for o il sha le pr oj ec ts in the I 970's. Ferchau , 1973 cove rs th e ExxonMobil property adj ac ent to much ofNPR lands . Environmenta l studies conducted on NPR by previous ow ner Union Oil of Californi a should be located and could serve as reference infonnation . Weeds Th e nee d to coope rate \~·ith adjo ining landowners, especia ll y those up stream , to redu ce and control inva sion of noxious v\'eeds is imperati ve. Two spec ies , Canada Thistle and Hound srn ngue are cuITently invad in g undi stu rbed NPR la nd s on the East and West Forks of Para chut e Creek from adjoining private and public land s. Encana need s th e cooperat ion and assistance fr om adjoining landowners to control this serious problem. A separate integrated vegetat ion and noxiou s weed management pl.an listing and lo cating a ll known populat ions of noxiou s weeds on NPR is in preparation . NPR Rec la ma ti on Plan 11 May 2006 Representati\c view s of current conditions reflect the diversity of plant commun it ies on NPR. Upper Zone RidgetoP, Shrublands Lower Zone Benches East Fork Parachute Creek Riparian NP R Reclam:lt ion Plan 13 Middle Zone cliffs, colluvium, harsh slope and aspect Riparian Woodlands Below West Fork Falls. May 2006 Cross Reference of Names of Plant Species used in Document Common Name Scientific Name ' Grasses/Grass Lik.e Basin Wildrye levmus cinereus Bluebunc h WheatQ:rass , Bea rdl ess Pse udo roe.~ne ria spicata ssp. inerm is BI uebunc h Wheatgrass, Be arded Pse udoroee;n eria spicata ssp. spicata Blu e Wildrv e El vmus .rdcrucus Bottlebrush Squirreltail Ely mus elvmoides Canada thi stle Cirsium arvense Co lumbi a Need leg rass Achna th e rum nelsonii ssp. dorei Elk Sed2.e Carex Reyeri Green Need legrass Nasseifa viridula Hound .sto ngue Cy nof?/ossum o/licinale Id aho F escue Festuca idahoensis lndian Ricegrass Achnatherum h ymenoides Letterma n Needlegrass Achnatherum fe ttermanii Moun tain Brome Bromus marzinatus Needl e & Thread Gra ss Hesperostipa comata ssp. comata Noddin g Brom e Bromus anomalus Prairie Junegrass Ko eleria cristata Sandberg B luegrass Poa sandberRii Slend er \Vh ea tgrass Efvmus trachycaulus ssp. trachvcaulus Th ick sp ike Wheatgrass Efymus lance ofatus ssp . lan ceo latus Wes tern Wheatgrass Pascopyrum smithii forbs American Vetch Vicia ame ricana Arrow· leaf Ba lsamroot Ba!samorrhiza sa~itata Cic er Milkv et ch Astraf(a lu s cicer Fringed sagebrush (hal f-shrub) Artemisia (ri~ida Lewis Blue Flax lim11n lewisii Longlea f Phlo x Phlox lon.eifo lia Many -flowered Phlox. Phlox multiflora Mountain Lup ine luoinus arf!,e nteus s so. rubricaulis Rock v ~fountain Penstemon Pe nstemon s trictus Sainfoin Onobrychis vicii/olia Scarlet Globemallo w Sphae raf cea coccinea Sca rl et Ind ian Pain tb ru s h Castilleja miniata Silky Lupine Luvinus ser iceus Silverleaf Lup ine Luvinus ar.eenteus Small Burnet San~uisorba minor Sulfur Buckwheat Eri0<2;onum umbellatum Thickle af Penstemon Penstemon pachyphvflu s Uta h Swee tve tc h He dvsarum boreale Watson Penst emon Penstemon wasto nii Western Yarro w Achi/lea lanu!osa NPR Reclam :u io n Pl an 14 May 2006 Wesr~rn Yarrmv A.chi/lea millefoliwn ssp. occidentalis Wyoming Indian Pa incbrush Cus1illeja linariaefolia Shrubs Antel ope Bitterbru sh Purs/Jia 1ridentata Big Sage brush, Ba s in Art emis ia trfdemata ssp. tridentata Big Sagebrush, Mountain Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana Big Sagebrus h, Wyo min g Artemisia triden1ata ssp. wrominge nsis Broom Snakeweed Xanthocep halum sarothrae C1okecherry Prunus vin~iniana Four-wing Saltbush A1rip/ex canescens Gambel Oak Ouercus gambelii Gardner Saltbus h Atriplex gardneri LO\.v Rabb i tbru sh Chrvso thamnus visc idi)lo rus Mountain Snowberry Svmphoricarpos oreophilus Red ElderbeITy Sambuc us racemosa Rubber Rabbitbru sh Ericam e ria nauseosus ssp. nauseosus Sku nkbus h Sum ac Rlws Lrilobata ssp. 1riloba1a Shadscale A1rip/ex conferti/olia Uta h Se rvi ceberry Amelanchier utahensis Winterfat Krascl1eninniko\•ia lan a1a Trees Box Elder Acer neQ undo Dou2las Ftr Ps e udots u~a menzesii Nan-ow leaf Co ttonwood Popuf us angustifof ia NPR Re cla mation Plan 15 May 2006 REFERENCES Alst::irt, David[(. 2003 . So il Survey of Douglas-Plateau Area, Colorado, Pans of Garfield and Mesa Counry. US Dept. Ag .. NRCS, 355 pp., 46 Map s heet s. Barrow, .J.R ., and Bobby D. McCaslin , 199 5. Rol e of microbes in reso urc e man agement in ar id ecosystems. ln : Barro w, J.R., E.D. McArth ur , R.E. Sosebee, and Tausch, Robi11 J., comps . 1996 . Proceedings : Shrubland ecosystem dynamics in a changing en vironment. Gen . Tech. Rep. fNT-GTR-338 . Ogde n, UT: USDA, Forest Service .. Inrennountain Res. Sta .. 275 pp. Colorado Natural Areas Program. 1998 . Na tive Plant Re-v ege tation Gu ide for Colorado . Caring for the land Sernes, Vol. m, State of Co lo., Division of Park s and Outdoor Rec ., Dept. .\:at. Res ., Denver, 258 pp . Ferc hau. Hugo , l 973 . Vegetative Inv en tory Ana lysis and f mpacr Study of the Parachute Creek Area, Garfield County. Co lorado. Chap. VI In: The Colony Environmenta l Study, Para c hut e Creek, Garfield County , Colorado. Vol. 111 , Thorne Ecological in st itute , Boulder. 77pp. Fox, Charle s J., H.D. Burke , J.R . Meiman, and J.L. Retzer , 197 3. Soil s In ventory Ana ly s is and Impact Study of the Colony Property-Garfield County, CO. Chap. rrr. In : The Colony Environmenta l Study. Parachute Creek, Garfield County, CO., Vol. !fl. Thom e Eco . Inst., Boulder, 52 pp. Granite Seed Company , 2004 . Gran ite Seed Catalog. Granite Seed Co mpan y. l 697 West 2100 North, Lehi. UT 84043. 89 pp . McNab , W.H. and P.E. Avers, 1996. Eco logical Subregions of the United States. USDA Forest Service . http ://www.fs.fed.us/land/pubs /ecoregions /. Washington. D.C. Sirota, Judith, 2003. Best management practices for the noxious weeds of Mesa County, Co lorado. Tri Ri ver Area, CSU Coop.Ext., Grand Juncrion , CO. World wide web publication ac: http ://www.co lostate .edu/Depts /Coo pEx t/TRA/index.html #main.l1tml US DA , NRCS. 2006. Th e PLANTS Database, 6 March 2006 (http://plRn ts.us cln. Q:ov ). NRtion RI Plant Da rn Center, Baton Roug e, LA 70874-4490 USA . NPR Rec lamation Plan l6 May 2006 Appendix A R e clamation Seed Mix Preferred Species for North Parachute Ranch Plant C ommun i ties, EnC ana Oil & Gas (US A) Inc. Th is ta b le is provided for fl ex ib i lity in th e fi e ld to adjust seed m ixes to s ite condit io ns, cos t and ava il abi li ty. T o create a cu sto m seed mi x fo r NPR , first determ ine the zo ne w hi c h w ill establ is h th e to tal n u m ber of s p ec ie s in the m ix a nd total numb e r o f seeds/ft 2 targeted fo r th e zone, i.e., 2 5 scedsln2 and 5 o r 6 s pec ies for Lowe r Zone, 35 for M iddl e Zon e, and 50 seeds/ft 2 and up to 9 s pecies for Uppe r Zo ne (see recommended seed mi x sec ti o n of report). Nex t, dt:termin e the spec ie s and the desired n umber o f senls or tha t spec ies i11 the mix. Fo r example, in a m ix ltx the Upper Z o 11 e, s dcc t X or 9 s p ec te:-- and a lloca t1: the num be r o f seeds o f eac h species de l'i ire<l in th e see d mi x. (Fm ex am ple, in a 50 :-;e ed /fr~ seed mix , each spec ies cou ld be a ll ocated in the fo ll owi ng ma n ne r: Grass A """' 8 seeds/ft2, Grass B - 8 seeds/11 2 , G rass C = 7 seeds/fr~, Grass D = 7 seeds/ft2, Forb E = 5 seeds/I\-', Forb F = 5 seed s/ft:!, Shrub G ~ 5 seed s/ft1, Shrub 11 = 5 seed s/ft:!). Then, use th e fo ll owing formu la: Target no. s eeds/ft 2 (e.g. 50) =N o. seed s o f each species X 43560 (ft2/ac) =tota l n o. seeds of each s pec ies /ac Tota l nu. seed s of eac h spedes/ac/no. s eeds/lb. o f that s p e c ies -Total lbs. of PLS of the s p cc i t.:~ in l ilt: mi x/a c Con ti nue for e ach s pec ies, T he n , a dd l bs o f PL S o f each s pec ies = Toral Lbs. o f M ix/ac Fo r pe rcent by species in m ix , Total lb s. o f each s p ecies/Tota l lbs. o f seed mi x = Pe rcent o f each spec ies i n mix. Comm on Nam t.>' Cosl/LIJ . NO. Pl.S11/Ft.? S oi l Tex ture JJ0 11111 h-ttl N lll11 e C ult ivars11 Allaptati onc C o 1111111m lS on Ila bib, Se ed s!LIJ . Tbd at S..:cd ~ti .1 Sec:J :-/ft.? t'i..:cd~tn.~ Soi ls, Oth er fa ctors lime ciJ 25/FI ~ '11135/FI! •111 :i0/F t2 11 eNle d l'otal l'otu l l"ut al c MC M MF 1: Grasses10 Nezpar 1" planting dc:pth in ~anJ} I ndi an ri<.:c:grass , I duwtli'-'rllfll li11111e11oide:. Pal oma J 3 J I 0 )oil 1-1 1,000 Rimrock Desai Nc:c::dlc:J!,rass Ad11111tl11:r11m specios11111 1 3 J I u 150,UUU Mount ain Urume Bnm111s 111w gi11u111.1· Bro mar 0 I J 3 I Short lived 90,00 0 Gam<:!I EJ,.11111s l w 1ct!1Jla 111s l~a nn ock Strongly rhizum., lun g Thid.spi l..c: wht:atgrass Critana ? J J ? u I :'i4,00IJ I 1111 '"""I a ws --hvc<I, ~od fr1111 1ing Sc hwc:ndi mar Inl and sall grass lJi.vtidilis spicafll 0 I 1 ' _) 3 l·or ~1ro 11g l y ,,a l inc ~it c::. 510,llUU S1reamhanl.. whc:a lgras s /:'~w11 11.v l1111 ceola111s Suda r 0 I 3 3 ") .S trong ly rhi:tomc., 156,000 f J.1'1 mmwolt i /us -lmugh t tolerant ._l1 rimar , Sh:ntk r Whi::atgrass /::J_1111111s t. 1rac/1ycu11/us Prvo r 0 1 3 2 0 !Shon -lived 159.000 Revenue: San L uis l .b s. Pl.SI u;., i It l\lix Anl' C o s t/Lb. NO . PLS 11/FI.! Commo n N::uul'" Soil T cxturc L b s. /J oumiml N ume C ulti va r s11 A d~1plalion c C omments on Hab it~, Seed s/Lb. Tbd al Scctls/11 .1 Scctb!f1.1 SccJsll'I .! PLS/ "/., in Soil s, Othe r fa clors Ii lll l' (f1l 25/Ft 1 11135/Ft ' 11J 50/Ft 1 l\fo ll l'Cd l'd l'o tal l'utal l'utal Ac r e c MC M MF p A ri zona Fcsc:uc Fl!~tm ·a arizonica Redondo I 3 3 2 u h'hin ~oils, 2:14" precip. 550 ,000 - .) 3 -150.000 ltl aJ1u t-'.:sl'ul' Fr!.\ f/11:0 i dahue 11s i ., Joseph 0 ..! I ----- Nt'.t:dk and lhrcad I h •s11<•ru ,., iµu c. c o111e1te1 2 3 J 2 0 1 15,0UO J llll\!l!l'<IS!!> Kuelt!ria 111anw11lw I 3 2 I 0 1, 3 15.400 Basin wildrye l.c:1111111 .,· cl11c:re11s Ma l!n ar () 2 3 3 2 130.000 Tra il hea t.I Wc:slcrn whculgrass PusC'OfJV/'11111 s mithii Arriba Barton () 2 3 3 2 t'iod fonn mg. 110.000 -- Rosana Galh.:la l'lt!lll'llJJhi., jm11t~~i i Viva llords 0 ") 2 3 J Warm seaso n. :.otl I 5'>,000 Viva caryops is -fo rming or bunch 470 ,000 B ig bluegrass Pua Wl/fJ/a S herman I J J 2 I 8 82,UOO Ca nby bluegrass Poa ca11h11i Can bar I 2 3 2 I dO" prccip 926,000 Muttonl!,rass Pou /eml/11ria11a I 2 3 3 2 890,Ull O Sandberg. blut:l!rass P1Ju secwtlla I 3 3 3 I "-IO" rm .. -ci 1). 915,000 Bcartlh.::.s blud)U nch Pse11dorvttg 11t!ria spica/11111 Wi1m a r 0 2 3 2 0 "-IO " pn:i:ip .. sod fi.H ming 11 7,000 whca t ~rass i11e r111 es Ulucbum:h whcalgrass I 'se11doro11g llt!ri a spicaf/1111 Anal one:: 1!-1 -1 " prccip .. I'· 7 w1Jdy Sf)i c:a//1111 k!tlap1ctl Golda r 0 2 3 3 I 140,000 P-7 Prdi:rrcd cuhivar Sec:ar Bo11lc:bru:.h squirreltail .\'itc111i1m lw~trix Sant.I 1 lollow I 3 3 3 I 192,000 Alkala i sm:a1on ~iJUrv/111 /us airuicll'., Salado 0 2 3 3 3 6" prcc 1p., \Vann ~ca:.ull 1,758,000 Sand tlro psecd Sporoh11!11s t.-rvpta 11d11s 3 3 2 I 0 I U" prcc ip. Wann season 5,298,000 Forbs W. Yarrow Ad1il!ct1 111illt!}vli11111 2 3 2 I 0 '-101 a tlapt.:J 10 fi ne ~u ib 2, 770,000 1wcidem a/i.,· "Ciccr mi lkvc lch 1btrogu/11s cicer Lu Lana. Mon arc h I 2 3 2 I Nun·hlual ing lcg1.1111 c 145 ,00U Oxley A rro wleaf ba Isa mroot Bal.w111u rliiza saggittala 0 ., 3 1 0 Not adapt.:J 10 lin..: 01 55,0UO -"oar::..: soils Sulphur llowe r Eriug,01111111 11111h ellat11111 ") 3 3 ., () 2 09,000 Uud. wl11::a 1 -- No nhern swcc1vc1ch I lt!tl1 •wr11111 bureale I 2 ' .> 2 I a l-.a Utah 33,600 C os t/Lb. NO . PLS"/F r. 2 Co mmo n Nanu.·J\ Soil T ex ture Lhs. C ulti vars11 (' Comme nts on ll abi ls, Tbd at S ecds/ft.1 Seeds /ti.: Seeds/ft.: 0/o in Bottmicttl Nume A daptatio n · Soil s, Ot h er t'a l'.t o r s Seeds/L b . time (a l 2 5/i.:t ! tr11 1J5/Ft 1 'II• 50/Ft 2 l'LS/ I\ li x n ee d ed l'otal l'o ta l l'uta l An c c MC M MF F U l uc: llax Li1111111 lewisii Aooar I 3 3 I 0 293,000 Prai ri e Aster Mac/Jaera11t/Je1·<1 2 3 2 I 0 496,000 I lll W l't!l i /i.lf ia ''Su in lo in 011ohr11d1is 11iciif(J/ia Eski 0 2 3 2 0 No nbloat ing ls:g u111i;: J0,000 Re111 0 111 Roe ky Mtn. Pens tcmon P1:11s 1e mo11 stric:tus Bandera I 3 3 I 0 592,0UO "Small burnt::ll So11g 11isorha minor D e lar I 2 3 2 u Nonbloating lcgumi: 55,000 Searle! gJubc:mulluw Sp/wera!t.:ea cou.:ineu 2 3 3 2 I 500,000 H airy vetch Vi cia villosa 0 I 3 2 I Shon-li vcJ, good gn:.:11 20.0 00 nan urc America n vi::tch Vicic 1 americana I 2 3 3 2 No n-bloating legume 33,00U Shrubs Hasin big s age brush A ne111es ia rride//la/a 0 2 ,, 2 () 2,500,UOO lridelltala .) Mo unt ain big sa~t::brush A . I. 11a.1·ew111a Hobble Creek () 2 3 2 0 2 ,500,000 Cherry C reek Wyom ini.t bii..t sal!.t::brush A. I. W;l'Ollli11ge11sis Gordon Creek () 3 3 I 0 2,500,00U Fuurwing saltbush A rriplex c:a11esce ns 3 J 3 J I 52,00U S hadscalc Arriµ/ex con/e rri/ulia 0 2 3 3 I 64,900 Gardner saltbush A tritJfe.r gardn er i 0 I 2 3 2 11 1,500 Curl-leaf min Cerwcarµus ledi/u li11 s 0 2 3 I 0 30 ,000 ma h og;any - Ru bber rabbi t brus h t:ril'w11eria 11£11/St:VS llS .l'/J/J. 2 J 3 3 2 400,UOO L ow rabb it brush Cli1:11su 1/1e1m11 11s l 3 3 2 I 782,000 viscid if/or us Wi nl<::,rfat Krasc/Jenin11iko via la11a 1a H a tch 2 3 3 2 I 5 6,700 Skunk bush sumac Rims trilobata rrilolww 2 J 3 I 0 20,300 Uille rbrush Purshia tridentata L assen l 3 3 2 0 15,000 AS pccies so marked a r e introduced, all others are nati ve. HCultivars are a v ariety of a plant developed from a natu ra l species and maintained u nder c uliivalio n w hile retaining di s t i n guis h ing c h aracter ist ics. C u lti v ars ma y or may nut be in produc tion an d are therefore unavai labile . t Soil Texture a dapta ti on. C =coarse , MC = m o derately coarse , M =med ium, MF= m oderate ly tine, F =tin e. 0 =not adapte d , I : ma rg in al, 2 =average, 3 =best (G ranitc:: Seed, 2004). 0 Pure Li ve Seed pe r square foot J esi red in pl a nt ing for the species selected. Targe t n um ber o f to tal seeds!n2 is 25/ft 1 for Lower Zone a nd ripa rian zone, 35/ft1 for Middle 7ont::, and 50/t't2 total for Uppe r Zo n e plantings. LCoul season a nti b unch grass un less other wise noled in c omments (i.i::. sod l<mning or w arm season). 11 nn n 11 ~l [ l r1 I 1 I • I ~ J l . l ' I J \ ) l • L J Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission Home Page http://cogcc.state.co.us/[1/13/2015 3:34:15 PM] PRINT PAGE A division of the Colorado Department of Natural Resources Transparency Online Project (TOP) HELP CONTACTS COMPLAINTS DATABASE FORMS GENERAL HEARINGS IMAGES KIDS' PAGE LIBRARY LOCAL GOV MAPS MISSION NEWS/MEDIA ORDERS PERMITS POLICIES RULES STAFF RPT COGIS - Surety Detail COMPANY DETAIL REPORT for Surety ID: 2009-0011 ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC - #100185 370 17TH ST STE 1700 DENVER , CO 80202-5632 USA SURETY DETAIL INFORMATION Surety ID:2009-0011 Status:ACTIVE Operator Number:100185 Bond Amount:$25,000.00 Instrument:INSURANCE Instrument Number:105189968 Coverage:BLANKET Bond Type:SURFACE Limitation:0 Deposit Number: PDPA Number: Received Date:2/12/2009 Approved Date:3/12/2009 Maturity Expire Date: FA Provider Number:200097 FA Provider Name:TRAVELERS CASUALTY AND SURETY COMPANY OF AMERICA Deposit Date: Release Request Date:N/A Release Date:N/A Article 4-203.G Impact Analysis Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 760 Horizon Road, Suite 102 TEL 970.263.7800 Grand Junction, CO 81506 FAX 970.263.7456 www.olssonassociates.com Article 4 – Impact Analysis Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) SECTION 4-203.G. IMPACT ANALYSIS 1. Adjacent Land Use The proposed site is located within the boundaries of a 26,442 acre property. The storage use would be limited to a 2.68 acre area. Natural gas development is the predominate use in the immediate area. There are no residential uses within 1500 feet of proposed laydown yard. 2. Site Features The subject property is located in the Resource Lands (RL) zone district of Garfield County in the northeast ¼ of the northeast ¼ of Section 29 and the northwest ¼ of the northwest ¼ of Section 28, Township 5 South, Range 95 West of the 6th PM. Access to the laydown yard is via Garfield County Road (CR) 215 (Parachute Creek Road) to the Encana Guard Shack for approximately 10.5 miles, then east approximately three miles along an Encana private access road, followed by making a left-turn to travel west along the private road for another one mile to the site location. There is no historic public access through the proposed site. See Traffic Analysis for further information. Access to the pad is limited to Encana personnel and their contractors through the Encana Guard Shack. The elevation of the site is approximately 6,200 feet. All native vegetation has been removed from the project site, and the area is currently being used as a COGCC permitted well pad. The proposed laydown yard exists in vegetation communities of mixed shrublands and reclaimed mixed grasses and shrubs. The natural vegetation is dominated by rabbitbrush with scattered presence of sticky rabbitbrush, big sagebrush, fourwing saltbush, and slender wheatgrass, crested wheatgrass, with scattered downy brome and weedy annuals. Additional species occurred in lesser coverage and amounts. Note that many of the grasses are likely a result of seeding efforts. 3. Soil Characteristics Soils, consisting of the following units, are within the study area around the proposed laydown yard:  Rock outcrop – Torriothents complex, very steep slopes, Map Symbol 62: The rock outcrop-Torriothents complex is a broadly defined unit that consists of exposed Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility Impact Analysis Page 2 bedrock, very rocky areas, shallow soils to moderately deep soils overlying bedrock and small pockets of deep soils. The Torriothents soils consist of clay loam to channery sandy clay loam overlying sedimentary bedrock. The complex formed on the rock escarpment and colluvial slopes along the edge of the Roan Plateau. The outcrops and soils are very steep to extremely steep. Slope ranges from 50 to 80 percent. Extremely steep slopes and rockiness limit development. These limitations can be overcome by appropriate design and construction. The Rock outcrop – Torriothents complex soils at lower elevations exhibit rapid surface runoff, and the erosion hazard is moderate. Surface runoff is very rapid and, the erosion hazard is severe on the exposed bedrock and shallow stony soils found at higher elevations. The soil survey tables do not include information on Rock outcrop – Torriorthents complex soils for soil and water features, and risk of corrosion to uncoated steel or concrete, or the shrink-swell potential for these soils. 4. Geology and Hazard This is a summary of the Natural and Geologic Hazard Assessment Report that is provided with this application.  The F29 Storage Yard is not expected to have any buried or aboveground utilities. The rockiness and steep slope may pose limitations for installation of utilities; however, these limitations can be overcome by proper design, engineering, and construction.  Avalanche conditions are not expected to be a hazard in the area of the site.  Rockfall areas are a potential hazard in the area of the site.  The site is not in an area mapped as an alluvial fan hazard area.  Slope and rockiness are listed as a limitations for development on the Rock outcrop – Torriothents complex soils (Unit #62); however, it is expected that with appropriate design, engineering, and construction that the site can be developed for its intended use.  The soil erosion hazard for the Rock outcrop – Torriothents complex soils is listed as moderate to severe depending on the elevation and steepness of the slope.  The site is not located in an area of mapped mud flow and debris fan areas, but is located on retorted mine tailings. The retort laydown area could be susceptible to erosion if surface vegetation is disturbed or if stormwater run-on from the slopes above the site is not controlled.  The Rock outcrop – Torriothents complex soils are not listed in the tables at the back of the Soil Survey of the Rifle Area, Colorado and the description does not indicate corrosive soils or shrink-swell potential as being hazards for these soils. The Nihill soils along the East Fork of Parachute Creek are listed as posing a high risk of corrosion to uncoated steel, but the potential for corrosion to concrete is low. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility Impact Analysis Page 3 Corrosive soils are not expected to be a significant hazard based on the proposed development for the F29 Storage Yard.  Expansive soils are not a geologic hazard at the F29 Storage Yard.  Collapsible soils are not present in the vicinity of the proposed F29 Storage Yard.  No significant faults have been mapped or are known in the F29 Storage Yard.  The site is not mapped as being within the 100-year flood plain. Flash flooding is a hazard for lower elevations along the East Fork of Parachute Creek, Parachute Creek, and areas along the Colorado River located between eight and nine miles to the south.  The site is located on retorted oil shale mine tailings known as the retort laydown area from the Unocal Long Ridge Mine.  There are no significant radioactive mineral deposits known in the immediate area of the site. The presence of NORM may be an issue with exploration and production and could be an issue with used pipe scale or used equipment. Radioactive materials are not expected to pose a significant hazard at the site. 5. Groundwater and Aquifer Recharge Areas No flood prone areas are mapped in the vicinity of the site. Areas along the East Fork of Parachute Creek are prone to flash floods; however, the creek is located at an elevation of 6,000 feet, or 200 feet below the site. Surface runoff does appear to run down the sides of the Fork Gulch walls and across the retort laydown area to the East Fork of Parachute Creek based on a review of aerial photographs of the area. An individual sewage disposal system (ISDS) is not being used at this site so soils will not have to support waste disposal. The site was previously graded. Minor soil disturbance and construction activity may be required to accommodate the grading and drainage plan. All soil disturbances have been fully stabilized according to CDPHE and COGCC criteria. 6. Environmental Impacts a. Determination of long-term and short-term effects on flora and fauna Flora The continued use and redevelopment of the existing location would not adversely affect federally listed plant species. No additional vegetation removal or new impact to potential habitats are associated with the laydown yard. Vegetation communities and conditions will not be affected on a long or short term basis and would remain in their present condition. Fauna Federally Listed Threatened, Endangered, and Candidate Wildlife Species The continued use of the existing site as a laydown yard would not adversely affect federally listed wildlife species due to the lack of suitable habitat within or surrounding the project area. No federally designated critical habitat occurs within or near the site. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility Impact Analysis Page 4 Colorado State listed Threatened, Endangered or Sensitive wildlife species would not be impacted by the proposed laydown yard due to the lack of suitable habitat available for those species within or surrounding the proposed project area. Cutthroat Trout Direct and indirect impacts to cutthroat trout habitat would be very minimal as the East Parachute creek is not within the project area but below the steep slope of the laydown yard. There is potential for mobilization of sediments with increased road use and site use, but given Encana’s proposed use of Best Management Practices (BMP) and implementation of their Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP), only minimal impacts would likely occur beyond background fine sediment generation. Fine sediments can affect macroinvertebrate species composition and impact spawning habitat for fish, but these sediments are not anticipated to reach any cutthroat trout occupied habitats. It is unlikely that any spills would occur at the laydown yard as the site is only used for storage, but in the event of spills associated with equipment on the laydown yard site or from accidents transporting equipment, Encana’s BMPs and SWMP would prevent substantial impacts to streams surrounding the laydown yard, and Encana would treat any spill as an emergency and would promptly clean it up. Midget Faded Rattlesnake No direct impacts to the midget faded rattlesnake habitats would occur. It is possible that increased traffic on roads may potentially impact individuals as they mig rate to and from denning sites and hibernacula but would not likely impact populations. Known distribution and populations are limited, and it is unlikely, due to the high use of the project area, that direct impacts to midget faded rattlesnakes would occur. American Peregrine Falcon Impacts to peregrine falcons would be minimal as no known nesting sites are within the project area, but potential nesting habitat is available surrounding the site. Loud noises and human activities at the site during the breeding and nesting season may have limited indirect impacts on habitat effectiveness around the site, possibly reducing the suitability or effectiveness for nesting activities within the cliffs surrounding the site. As previously mentioned, a lack of suitable nesting habitat in proximity to the pad limits the amount of potential impacts. Foraging and other habitat use would likely continue within adjacent habitats, as available. American Elk and Deer The existing site is absent of any vegetation, and no additional direct impacts to elk or deer habitats would occur. Elk and deer may be indirectly impacted during the winter months by increased noise and human presence, and increased traffic along the access road, which may cause elk and deer to avoid this area during certain times of day or during times of more intense human activities. The winter months are a critical time of year for big game species, when deer and elk are more likely to be utilizing lower elevations and disturbance can have a larger relative impact due to poor foraging Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility Impact Analysis Page 5 opportunities and already stressed animals. Intensive use of the laydown yard during the winter months may force deer and elk away from the area, which could increase energy expenditures for the individuals impacted. During the summer and fall months, most deer and elk are at higher elevation habitats, and therefore use of the site outside of the winter would likely have no impact on deer or elk. The use of the laydown yard would not block or impede migration corridors for elk or mule deer. Long-term, reclamation of the site is recommended in order to improve winter range habitat effectiveness in the area. Black Bear Impacts to bear or bear habitat would be minor or insignificant as the laydown yard does not provide suitable habitat for bear. Bear may use the area around the site and may move through the area but their use of the area would likely be temporary and transitory in nature. Bear have become a significant wildlife management issue in the State of Colorado as they are supplementing their diet by raiding garbage cans and breaking into homes in search of food. Wild turkey There would be no impact to suitable habitats for wild turkey, as there is no new construction or vegetation removal as a result of the project; however, potential indirect impacts from increased road use, noise, and human presence may limit turkey use of the area. Production habitat would not be impacted by this project as vegetative cover or preferred nesting habitat is lacking within or adjacent to the project area. Turkey would likely avoid some habitats near more heavily used roads, thus seeing a reduction in habitat effectiveness in the area. Raptors, Birds of Conservation Concern, Migratory and Non-Migratory Birds No additional vegetation removal would be associated with the proposed laydown yard, therefore no suitable raptor, BCC, or other migratory or non-migratory bird species nesting habitat would be impacted. Long- or short-term effects related to the project area would be minimal due to the area being previously disturbed from activities associated with the operation and maintenance of the existing oil and gas well pad and storage yard, and a lack of suitable nesting habitat in proximity to the site. Loud noises and human activities at the site during the breeding and nesting season may have limited indirect impacts on habitat effectiveness around the pad site, possibly reducing the suitability or effectiveness for nesting activities in the native shrubland habitats; but as mentioned, a lack of suitable nesting habitat in proximity to the pad limits the amount of potential impacts. Foraging and other habitat use would likely continue within adjacent habitats, as available. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility Impact Analysis Page 6 b. Determination of the effect on designated environmental resources, including critical Wildlife Habitat The F29 Laydown Yard is not expected to affect any critical habitat for any wildlife species, as no federally designated critical habitat or species were identified within or near the site. According to the CPW GIS data, the project area occurs within Overall Range and Winter Range, for both mule deer and elk and Winter Concentration Area for elk. No additional vegetation removal or new construction is associated with the site that would further decrease habitat. The site would not impede any natural migration or movement through the area, but use of the site during the winter months may temporarily cause animals to avoid habitats around the site. Given the limited size and temporary nature of activities associated with laydown yard use, these impacts would likely be short-term in nature, and no measureable impact to mule deer or elk herds would be expected from this project. Activities in the winter months would have a relatively larger potential effect given the condition of animals in the winter months, and reduced availability of forage and security habitats. As mentioned, some individual animals may be indirectly impacted by moving away from the site, but no significant impacts to herds, or long-term impacts to critical wildlife habitat would be expected. c. Impacts on wildlife and domestic animals through creation of hazardous attractions, alteration of existing native vegetation, blockade of migration routes, use patterns, or other disruptions The laydown yard would not create hazardous attractions to avian or mammalian wildlife species or domestic animals, alter additional native vegetation, block migration routes, or cause a change in habitat use. Wildlife species may be indirectly impacted by increased noise and human presence while equipment is being transferred along local roads and the laydown yard is being accessed. Use of habitats by wildlife would still likely occur on or adjacent to the laydown yard site during the nighttime hours and during times when there are no human activities at the laydown yard. The majority of the species occurring within the area have widespread habitats; therefore, most wildlife species that may be indirectly affected would have other habitats in the greater area that are still available for foraging, reproduction, dispersal and shelter. The proposed project may impact individuals indirectly but would not likely impact populations. No impacts to domestic animals would be expected. d. Evaluation of any potential radiation hazard that may have been identified by the State or County Health Departments Radon is not expected to be a significant problem at the proposed site since the development will not include any occupied structures, personnel will not be onsite for extended periods, and the site will not be developed with structures containing basements or substructures in which radon can accumulate. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility Impact Analysis Page 7 7. Nuisance Adjacent land uses will not be adversely impacted by the generation of vapor, dust, smoke, glare or vibration generated by the storage use beyond the limits set forth by Garfield County, the COGCC, the CDPHE and other regulatory agencies. There will be no equipment stored on site that requires a CDPHE Air Quality Permit. Dust will be mitigated by use of water or other dust suppressants. A copy of Encana’s Fugitive Dust Control Plan is included with this submittal. The applicable noise standard is the Residential/Agricultural/Rural noise standards. No permanent equipment that will produce noise will be stored at or be part of the laydown yard. The only potential noise sources will be vehicles that come to the site to deliver or pickup materials that are stored there. 8. Hours of Operation The F29 Laydown Yard will be accessible to Encana personnel 24 hours a day, year round. Materials will be picked-up and dropped-off on an as-needed basis. No personnel will be stationed at the facility on a regular basis. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility Impact Analysis Page 8 This page left blank for two-sided printing. Article 4-203.G.3 NRCS Soils Report Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 United States Department of Agriculture A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants Custom Soil Resource Report for Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Encana F29 Storage Yard Natural Resources Conservation Service November 6, 2014 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http:// offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/? cid=nrcs142p2_053951). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2 for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface....................................................................................................................2 How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5 Soil Map..................................................................................................................7 Soil Map................................................................................................................8 Legend..................................................................................................................9 Map Unit Legend................................................................................................10 Map Unit Descriptions........................................................................................10 Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties............................12 47—Nihill channery loam, 6 to 25 percent slopes.......................................12 62—Rock outcrop-Torriorthents complex, very steep.................................13 Soil Information for All Uses...............................................................................15 Soil Properties and Qualities..............................................................................15 Soil Qualities and Features.............................................................................15 Depth to Any Soil Restrictive Layer.............................................................15 Drainage Class............................................................................................18 Frost Action.................................................................................................21 Hydrologic Soil Group.................................................................................24 Representative Slope..................................................................................28 Water Features...............................................................................................31 Depth to Water Table..................................................................................31 Ponding Frequency Class...........................................................................35 References............................................................................................................39 4 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the 5 individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil- landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. Custom Soil Resource Report 6 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 7 8 Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Map 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W N Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 12N WGS84 0 100 200 400 600 Feet 0 40 80 160 240 Meters Map Scale: 1:2,860 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Unit Polygons Soil Map Unit Lines Soil Map Unit Points Special Point Features Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit Gravelly Spot Landfill Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot Sinkhole Slide or Slip Sodic Spot Spoil Area Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Wet Spot Other Special Line Features Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 8, Sep 22, 2014 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 22, 2010—Sep 3, 2011 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 9 Map Unit Legend Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 47 Nihill channery loam, 6 to 25 percent slopes 5.0 50.0% 62 Rock outcrop-Torriorthents complex, very steep 5.0 50.0% Totals for Area of Interest 10.1 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If Custom Soil Resource Report 10 intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha- Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. Custom Soil Resource Report 11 Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties 47—Nihill channery loam, 6 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: jnyg Elevation: 5,000 to 6,500 feet Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Nihill and similar soils: 85 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Nihill Setting Landform: Valley sides, alluvial fans Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Alluvium derived from sandstone and shale Typical profile H1 - 0 to 11 inches: channery loam H2 - 11 to 18 inches: very channery loam H3 - 18 to 60 inches: stratified extremely channery sandy loam to extremely channery loam Properties and qualities Slope: 6 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Gypsum, maximum in profile: 1 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Ecological site: Rolling loam (R048AY298CO) Custom Soil Resource Report 12 62—Rock outcrop-Torriorthents complex, very steep Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: jnz0 Elevation: 5,800 to 8,500 feet Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 46 degrees F Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Rock outcrop: 65 percent Torriorthents and similar soils: 30 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Rock Outcrop Setting Landform: Hillslopes, escarpments, plateaus Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional): Free face Down-slope shape: Convex, concave Across-slope shape: Convex, concave Parent material: Very stony colluvium derived from calcareous shale Typical profile H1 - 0 to 60 inches: unweathered bedrock Properties and qualities Slope: 50 to 80 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 0 inches to paralithic bedrock Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately high (0.00 to 0.20 in/hr) Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 0.0 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8s Description of Torriorthents Setting Landform: Plateaus, hillslopes Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional): Free face Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Alluvium derived from calcareous shale Typical profile H1 - 0 to 4 inches: variable Custom Soil Resource Report 13 H2 - 4 to 30 inches: fine sandy loam H3 - 30 to 34 inches: unweathered bedrock Properties and qualities Slope: 50 to 80 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 30 inches to lithic bedrock Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8e Hydrologic Soil Group: D Custom Soil Resource Report 14 Soil Information for All Uses Soil Properties and Qualities The Soil Properties and Qualities section includes various soil properties and qualities displayed as thematic maps with a summary table for the soil map units in the selected area of interest. A single value or rating for each map unit is generated by aggregating the interpretive ratings of individual map unit components. This aggregation process is defined for each property or quality. Soil Qualities and Features Soil qualities are behavior and performance attributes that are not directly measured, but are inferred from observations of dynamic conditions and from soil properties. Example soil qualities include natural drainage, and frost action. Soil features are attributes that are not directly part of the soil. Example soil features include slope and depth to restrictive layer. These features can greatly impact the use and management of the soil. Depth to Any Soil Restrictive Layer A "restrictive layer" is a nearly continuous layer that has one or more physical, chemical, or thermal properties that significantly impede the movement of water and air through the soil or that restrict roots or otherwise provide an unfavorable root environment. Examples are bedrock, cemented layers, dense layers, and frozen layers. This theme presents the depth to any type of restrictive layer that is described for each map unit. If more than one type of restrictive layer is described for an individual soil type, the depth to the shallowest one is presented. If no restrictive layer is described in a map unit, it is represented by the "> 200" depth class. This attribute is actually recorded as three separate values in the database. A low value and a high value indicate the range of this attribute for the soil component. A "representative" value indicates the expected value of this attribute for the component. For this soil property, only the representative value is used. 15 16 Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Depth to Any Soil Restrictive Layer 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W N Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 12N WGS84 0 100 200 400 600 Feet 0 40 80 160 240 Meters Map Scale: 1:2,860 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Rating Polygons 0 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 100 100 - 150 150 - 200 > 200 Not rated or not available Soil Rating Lines 0 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 100 100 - 150 150 - 200 > 200 Not rated or not available Soil Rating Points 0 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 100 100 - 150 150 - 200 > 200 Not rated or not available Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 8, Sep 22, 2014 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 22, 2010—Sep 3, 2011 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 17 Table—Depth to Any Soil Restrictive Layer Depth to Any Soil Restrictive Layer— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating (centimeters)Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 47 Nihill channery loam, 6 to 25 percent slopes >200 5.0 50.0% 62 Rock outcrop- Torriorthents complex, very steep 0 5.0 50.0% Totals for Area of Interest 10.1 100.0% Rating Options—Depth to Any Soil Restrictive Layer Units of Measure: centimeters Aggregation Method: Dominant Component Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Lower Interpret Nulls as Zero: No Drainage Class "Drainage class (natural)" refers to the frequency and duration of wet periods under conditions similar to those under which the soil formed. Alterations of the water regime by human activities, either through drainage or irrigation, are not a consideration unless they have significantly changed the morphology of the soil. Seven classes of natural soil drainage are recognized-excessively drained, somewhat excessively drained, well drained, moderately well drained, somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and very poorly drained. These classes are defined in the "Soil Survey Manual." Custom Soil Resource Report 18 19 Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Drainage Class 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W N Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 12N WGS84 0 100 200 400 600 Feet 0 40 80 160 240 Meters Map Scale: 1:2,860 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Rating Polygons Excessively drained Somewhat excessively drained Well drained Moderately well drained Somewhat poorly drained Poorly drained Very poorly drained Subaqueous Not rated or not available Soil Rating Lines Excessively drained Somewhat excessively drained Well drained Moderately well drained Somewhat poorly drained Poorly drained Very poorly drained Subaqueous Not rated or not available Soil Rating Points Excessively drained Somewhat excessively drained Well drained Moderately well drained Somewhat poorly drained Poorly drained Very poorly drained Subaqueous Not rated or not available Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 8, Sep 22, 2014 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 22, 2010—Sep 3, 2011 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 20 Table—Drainage Class Drainage Class— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 47 Nihill channery loam, 6 to 25 percent slopes Well drained 5.0 50.0% 62 Rock outcrop- Torriorthents complex, very steep 5.0 50.0% Totals for Area of Interest 10.1 100.0% Rating Options—Drainage Class Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Frost Action Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture, density, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), content of organic matter, and depth to the water table are the most important factors considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during thawing cause damage to pavements and other rigid structures. Custom Soil Resource Report 21 22 Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Frost Action 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W N Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 12N WGS84 0 100 200 400 600 Feet 0 40 80 160 240 Meters Map Scale: 1:2,860 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Rating Polygons High Moderate Low None Not rated or not available Soil Rating Lines High Moderate Low None Not rated or not available Soil Rating Points High Moderate Low None Not rated or not available Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 8, Sep 22, 2014 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 22, 2010—Sep 3, 2011 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 23 Table—Frost Action Frost Action— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 47 Nihill channery loam, 6 to 25 percent slopes Moderate 5.0 50.0% 62 Rock outcrop- Torriorthents complex, very steep None 5.0 50.0% Totals for Area of Interest 10.1 100.0% Rating Options—Frost Action Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Hydrologic Soil Group Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long- duration storms. The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D) and three dual classes (A/D, B/D, and C/D). The groups are defined as follows: Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission. Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission. Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission. Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the Custom Soil Resource Report 24 surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Only the soils that in their natural condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes. Custom Soil Resource Report 25 26 Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Hydrologic Soil Group 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W N Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 12N WGS84 0 100 200 400 600 Feet 0 40 80 160 240 Meters Map Scale: 1:2,860 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Rating Polygons A A/D B B/D C C/D D Not rated or not available Soil Rating Lines A A/D B B/D C C/D D Not rated or not available Soil Rating Points A A/D B B/D C C/D D Not rated or not available Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 8, Sep 22, 2014 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 22, 2010—Sep 3, 2011 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 27 Table—Hydrologic Soil Group Hydrologic Soil Group— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 47 Nihill channery loam, 6 to 25 percent slopes A 5.0 50.0% 62 Rock outcrop- Torriorthents complex, very steep 5.0 50.0% Totals for Area of Interest 10.1 100.0% Rating Options—Hydrologic Soil Group Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Representative Slope Slope gradient is the difference in elevation between two points, expressed as a percentage of the distance between those points. The slope gradient is actually recorded as three separate values in the database. A low value and a high value indicate the range of this attribute for the soil component. A "representative" value indicates the expected value of this attribute for the component. For this soil property, only the representative value is used. Custom Soil Resource Report 28 29 Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Representative Slope 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W N Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 12N WGS84 0 100 200 400 600 Feet 0 40 80 160 240 Meters Map Scale: 1:2,860 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Rating Polygons 0 - 5 5 - 15 15 - 30 30 - 45 45 - 60 60 - 100 Not rated or not available Soil Rating Lines 0 - 5 5 - 15 15 - 30 30 - 45 45 - 60 60 - 100 Not rated or not available Soil Rating Points 0 - 5 5 - 15 15 - 30 30 - 45 45 - 60 60 - 100 Not rated or not available Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 8, Sep 22, 2014 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 22, 2010—Sep 3, 2011 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 30 Table—Representative Slope Representative Slope— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating (percent)Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 47 Nihill channery loam, 6 to 25 percent slopes 16.0 5.0 50.0% 62 Rock outcrop- Torriorthents complex, very steep 65.0 5.0 50.0% Totals for Area of Interest 10.1 100.0% Rating Options—Representative Slope Units of Measure: percent Aggregation Method: Dominant Component Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Interpret Nulls as Zero: No Water Features Water Features include ponding frequency, flooding frequency, and depth to water table. Depth to Water Table "Water table" refers to a saturated zone in the soil. It occurs during specified months. Estimates of the upper limit are based mainly on observations of the water table at selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone, namely grayish colors (redoximorphic features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts for less than a month is not considered a water table. This attribute is actually recorded as three separate values in the database. A low value and a high value indicate the range of this attribute for the soil component. A "representative" value indicates the expected value of this attribute for the component. For this soil property, only the representative value is used. Custom Soil Resource Report 31 32 Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Depth to Water Table 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W N Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 12N WGS84 0 100 200 400 600 Feet 0 40 80 160 240 Meters Map Scale: 1:2,860 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Rating Polygons 0 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 100 100 - 150 150 - 200 > 200 Not rated or not available Soil Rating Lines 0 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 100 100 - 150 150 - 200 > 200 Not rated or not available Soil Rating Points 0 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 100 100 - 150 150 - 200 > 200 Not rated or not available Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 8, Sep 22, 2014 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 22, 2010—Sep 3, 2011 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 33 Table—Depth to Water Table Depth to Water Table— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating (centimeters)Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 47 Nihill channery loam, 6 to 25 percent slopes >200 5.0 50.0% 62 Rock outcrop- Torriorthents complex, very steep >200 5.0 50.0% Totals for Area of Interest 10.1 100.0% Custom Soil Resource Report 34 Rating Options—Depth to Water Table Units of Measure: centimeters Aggregation Method: Dominant Component Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Lower Interpret Nulls as Zero: No Beginning Month: January Ending Month: December Ponding Frequency Class Ponding is standing water in a closed depression. The water is removed only by deep percolation, transpiration, or evaporation or by a combination of these processes. Ponding frequency classes are based on the number of times that ponding occurs over a given period. Frequency is expressed as none, rare, occasional, and frequent. "None" means that ponding is not probable. The chance of ponding is nearly 0 percent in any year. "Rare" means that ponding is unlikely but possible under unusual weather conditions. The chance of ponding is nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year. "Occasional" means that ponding occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years. The chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year. "Frequent" means that ponding occurs, on the average, more than once in 2 years. The chance of ponding is more than 50 percent in any year. Custom Soil Resource Report 35 36 Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Ponding Frequency Class 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 43 8 6 0 2 0 43 8 6 0 8 0 43 8 6 1 4 0 43 8 6 2 0 0 43 8 6 2 6 0 43 8 6 3 2 0 43 8 6 3 8 0 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 751330 751390 751450 751510 751570 751630 751690 751750 751810 751870 751930 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 25'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 4 ' 2 4 ' ' W 39° 35' 12'' N 10 8 ° 3 ' 5 8 ' ' W N Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 12N WGS84 0 100 200 400 600 Feet 0 40 80 160 240 Meters Map Scale: 1:2,860 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Rating Polygons None Rare Occasional Frequent Not rated or not available Soil Rating Lines None Rare Occasional Frequent Not rated or not available Soil Rating Points None Rare Occasional Frequent Not rated or not available Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 8, Sep 22, 2014 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 22, 2010—Sep 3, 2011 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 37 Table—Ponding Frequency Class Ponding Frequency Class— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 47 Nihill channery loam, 6 to 25 percent slopes None 5.0 50.0% 62 Rock outcrop- Torriorthents complex, very steep None 5.0 50.0% Totals for Area of Interest 10.1 100.0% Rating Options—Ponding Frequency Class Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: More Frequent Beginning Month: January Ending Month: December Custom Soil Resource Report 38 References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 39 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/? cid=nrcs142p2_053624 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf Custom Soil Resource Report 40 Article 4-203.G.4 Geologic and Soils Hazard Report Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 NATURAL AND GEOLOGIC HAZARDS ASSESSMENT REPORT ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. F29 STORAGE YARD NE ¼ NE ¼ SECTION 29 AND NW ¼ NW ¼ SECTION 28, T5S, R95W, 6TH P.M. – PARACHUTE CREEK ROAD GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO PREPARED FOR ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. 143 DIAMOND AVENUE PARACHUTE, COLORADO 81635 PREPARED BY OLSSON ASSOCIATES 4690 TABLE MOUNTAIN DRIVE, SUITE 200 GOLDEN, COLORADO 80403 JANUARY 2015 PROJECT NO. 014-2796 Geologic Hazard Report i Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 Natural and Geologic Hazard Report Preface Garfield County, Colorado, finalized the Land Use and Development Code (LUDC) with an effective date of July 15, 2013, last amended December 16, 2013. According to Section 7-108 Use of Land Subject to Natural Hazards of the Garfield County LUDC “Land subject to identified Natural and Geologic Hazards, such as falling rock, landslides, snow slides, mud flows, radiation, flooding, or high water tables, shall not be developed unless it has been designed to eliminate or mitigate the potential effects of hazardous site conditions as designed by a qualified professional engineer and as approved by the County.” The LUDC requires a Natural and Geologic Hazard Study be prepared by a qualified professional geologist and submitted with a development plan or plat. The LUDC defines a geologic hazard as “A geologic phenomenon that is so adverse to past, current, or foreseeable construction or land use as to constitute a significant hazard to public health and safety or to property.” The LUDC defines a Hazard Area as “An area that contains or is directly affected by a geologic hazard, including but not limited to the following types of areas.” A. Avalanche Area. “A mass of snow or ice and other material that may become incorporated therein as such mass moves rapidly down a slope.” B. Landslide Area. “An area with demonstrably active mass movement of rock and soil where there is a distinct surface rupture or zone of weakness that separates the landslide material from more stable underlying material.” C. Mudflow Debris Area. “An area subject to rapid mud and debris movement or deposit occurring after mobilization by heavy rainfall or snowmelt runoff. Such areas are formed by successive episodes of deposition of mud and debris.” D. Radioactive Area. “An area subject to various types of radiation emission from radioactive minerals that occur in natural or manmade deposits of rock, soil, or water.” E. Potentially Unstable Soils. “An area of land identified as having soils that may cause damage to structures, such as buildings and roadways, as a result of over saturation or some other outside influence.” According to the Garfield County LUDC Section 4-203 Description of Submittal Requirements, the professional qualifications for preparation and certification of certain documents required by this Code are as follows: “Geologist: Geology reports shall be prepared by either a member of the American Institute of Professional Geologists, a member of the Association of Engineering Geologists, or a qualified geotechnical engineer licensed in the State of Colorado.” Geologic Hazard Report ii Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 Currently, the State of Colorado does not require licensure or registration of geologists; however, Colorado Revised Statutes do require that geologic reports be prepared or authorized by a professional geologist, and the term “Professional Geologist” is defined in Colorado Statutes. The references for these Statutes are shown here: 34-1-201. Definitions. As used in this part 2, unless the context otherwise requires: (1) “Geologist” means a person engaged in the practice of geology. (2) “Geology” means the science which treats of the earth in general; the earth’s processes and its history; investigation of the earth’s crust and the rocks and other materials which compose it; and the applied science of utilizing knowledge of the earth’s history, processes, constituent rocks, minerals, liquids, gases, and other materials for the use of mankind. (3) “Professional geologist” is a person who is a graduate of an institution of higher education which is accredited by a regional or national accrediting agency, with a minimum of thirty semester hours (forty-five quarter) hours of undergraduate or graduate work in a field of geology and whose post baccalaureate training has been in the field of geology with a specific record of an additional five years of geological experience to include no more than two years of graduate work. (4) 34-1-202. Reports containing geologic information. Any report required by law or by rule and regulation, and prepared as a result of or based on a geologic study or on geologic data, or which contains information relating to geology, as defined in Section 34-1-201 (2), and which is to be presented for any state agency, political subdivision of the state, or recognized state or local board or commission, shall be prepared or approved by a professional geologist as defined in Section 34-1-201(3). Professional Geologist Certification By means of this certification, I attest that: I am qualified to prepare a Natural and Geologic Hazard Study in accordance with the provisions of Section 7-207 of the Garfield County LUDC, and that I am a member of the American Institute of Professional Geologists per LUDC 4-203. Although I have not visited the proposed Site, I am familiar with the geology and have performed field work in the area of the proposed Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Storage Yard located in the NE Xi NE Xi, Section 29 and the NW Xi NW Xi Section 28, Township 5 South, Range 95 West, 6th Principal Meridian in Garfield County, Colorado. Although Colorado does not currently have a licensing board or registration program for professional geologists practicing in the state of Colorado, there are requirements within local and State statutes that require that geologic reports be prepared by a professional geologist. I attest that I meet the requirements of the Colorado Geological Survey's definition of a professional geologist having completed and met the educational requirements of the Colorado Geological Survey definition. I am a licensed Professional Geologist and Professional Geoscientist in other States, including Texas, Utah, and Wyoming which do have licensing programs for professional geologists. I have reviewed published geologic maps and reports applicable to this area and have considered the implications of these conditions in the context of the proposed development. This report has been prepared in accordance with good scientific principles and engineering practices including consideration of applicable industry standards, and with consideration of the requirements of the National Association of State Boards of Geology. The conclusions and recommendations contained in this report are based on information available and known to me at the time of this report. Good scientific principles and standard engineering practices were taken into consideration to in arriving at the conclusions and recommendations made in this report. Prepared by _ 1>-;;t-JU,t,2-. tt/ ;,4;x i/ James W. Hix, PG Senior Geologist Date: 01/28/2015 Geologic Hazard Report Encana F29 Storage Yard Garfield County, Colorado iii Olsson Associates Golden, Colorado January 2015 Geologic Hazard Report iv Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Natural and Geologic Hazard Report Preface ............................................................................... i Professional Geologist Certification ............................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... iv FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... iv 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 1 2.0 GENERAL SITE LOCATION AND BACKGROUND ............................................................ 3 2.1 Project and Site Description ............................................................................................ 3 2.2 Structural Geology ........................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Site Geology .................................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Soil ................................................................................................................................... 4 2.5 Hydrologic Setting ............................................................................................................ 5 2.6 Aquifers ............................................................................................................................ 5 3.0 NATURAL AND GEOLOGIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT ...................................................... 7 3.1 Utilities ............................................................................................................................. 7 3.2 Avalanche Hazard Area ................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Landslide Areas or Potential Landslide Hazard Areas .................................................... 7 3.4 Rockfall Areas .................................................................................................................. 8 3.5 Alluvial Fan Hazard Areas ............................................................................................... 8 3.6 Unstable or Potentially Unstable Slopes .......................................................................... 8 3.7 Corrosive or Expansive Soils and Rock ........................................................................... 8 3.8 Mudflow and Debris Fan Areas ....................................................................................... 9 3.9 Development Over Faults and Risk of Seismic Activity ................................................... 9 3.10 Flood Prone Areas ........................................................................................................... 9 3.11 Collapsible Soils ............................................................................................................ 10 3.12 Mining Activity ................................................................................................................ 10 3.13 Radioactivity .................................................................................................................. 11 4.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................. 12 5.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 13 FIGURES List of Figures V-1 Vicinity Map V-2 F29 Vicinity Map T-1 Topographic Map G-1 Geology Map S-1 Soils Map H-1 Hydrography Map F-1 Floodplain Map Geologic Hazard Report 1 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Olsson Associates (Olsson) was contracted by Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. (Encana) to assess natural and geologic hazards potentially present in the area of the proposed Storage Yard (Site) located in the NE ¼ NE ¼ Section 29, and NW ¼ NW ¼ Section 28, Township 5 South, Range 95 West, of the 6th Principal Meridian, Garfield County, Colorado. The Site location is shown on the V-1 Vicinity Map and V-2 F29 Vicinity Map. The Site is at an elevation of about 5,525 feet above mean sea level (amsl) as shown on the attached T-1 Topographic Map. The purpose of this report is to identify geologic conditions that may pose hazards to a land development project in order that appropriate mitigation or avoidance techniques may be implemented as described in the Garfield County LUDC. According to the Garfield County LUDC, Section 7-207, the types of natural and geologic hazards identified pertain to the following: A. Utilities; B. Development in Avalanche Hazard Areas; C. Development in Landslide Hazard Areas; D. Development in Rock-fall Hazard Areas; E. Development in Alluvial Fan Hazard Areas; F. Slope Development; G. Development on Corrosive or Expansive Soils and Rock; H. Development in Mudflow Areas; and I. Development Over Faults. This report presents Olsson findings following an evaluation of these and other geologic hazards potentially affecting the Site and proposed development. The Encana site was found to be suitable for the proposed development with consideration of the following identified geologic hazards.  No utilities are planned for the proposed F29 Storage Yard development.  The Site is not in an Avalanche Hazard Area.  The Site is located within an area of steep to very steep slopes; and therefore, the slopes are a hazard potentially affecting the F29 Storage Yard.  The soil beneath the F29 Storage Yard is mapped as Rock outcrop – Torrothients complex (Unit #62). These soils are very steep. Extremely steep slopes and rockiness limit development. These limitations can be overcome by appropriate design, engineering, and construction.  The erosion hazard for the Rock outcrop - Torrothients complex ranges from moderate at lower elevations to severe on the exposed bedrock and shallow stony soils at higher elevations.  The F29 Storage Yard is located in an area with very steep slopes. Rock fall and landslides are a potential geologic hazard. The Site is not located in an area mapped as having mudflows or debris fans, but is located in an area of retorted oil shale mine Geologic Hazard Report 2 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 tailings. Erosive conditions may occur if stormwater runon or runoff are not adequately controlled.  According to the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Forked Gulch Quadrangle, Garfield County, (1:24,000) the Site is located on the Garden Gulch member of the lower Tertiary Green River Formation. The Site overlooks the East Fork of Parachute Creek and Quaternary age (Holocene) alluvium and valley fill along the creek.  According to the Geologic and Structural Map of the Grand Junction Quadrangle, Colorado and Utah, (scale 1:250,000), and the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Fork Gulch Quadrangle (scale 1:24,000), do not show the presence of mapped faults in the area of the F29 Storage Yard.  The Fork Gulch topographic map and the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Fork Gulch Quadrangle show the location of the oil shale mines, but do not show the retort laydown area of mine tailings from the Long Ridge Shale Oil Mine on which the F29 Storage Yard is located.  The Site is not mapped within the FEMA 100-year flood plain. The Site is located at an elevation of approximately 6,200 feet approximately nine miles north of the Colorado River. It is about 890 feet north of the East Fork of Parachute Creek which is at an elevation of 6,000 above mean sea level (amsl). These drainages may experience flash floods, but the F29 Site is located above the expected flood stage. The Encana F29 Storage Yard can be constructed to compensate for these limitations and potential hazards considering the proposed use of the Site as a storage yard for natural gas exploration and production equipment to support the natural gas well facilities in the area. This report should be read in its entirety, including but not limited to the conclusions and recommendations in Section 4.0. Geologic Hazard Report 3 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 2.0 GENERAL SITE LOCATION AND BACKGROUND Encana contracted Olsson Associates (Olsson) to conduct a natural and geologic hazards assessment as part of the proposed development of the F29 Storage Yard. The proposed facility will be used to store surplus equipment and materials used in the drilling and production of natural gas wells in the area. The following sections provide information about the proposed development and the Site geologic setting. 2.1 Project and Site Description The proposed F29 Storage Yard is located to the northeast of the town of Parachute, Colorado off of Parachute Creek Road (County Road 215). The Site is located in the NE ¼ NE ¼ of Section 29 and the NW ¼ NW ¼ of Section 28, T5S, R95W, 6th P.M. and is located on parcel #213527300015. The surface land is owned by Encana. The Site is located along the East Fork of on shale oil mine retort facility tailings processed in the 1980s by Unocal. 2.2 Structural Geology The F29 Storage Yard Site is located in the southeastern part of the Piceance Basin. The Piceance Basin is an irregularly-shaped elongated basin formed by tectonic forces associated with the Laramide orogeny. These forces down warped the earth’s crust and formed the Piceance Basin as a result of the uplift of the surrounding Colorado Rocky Mountains and the Colorado Plateau. The area geology is shown on the G-1 Geologic Map. The Piceance Basin is the major structural geologic feature in the region. It is bound to the east by the Grand Hogback monocline, the White River Uplift to the northeast, the Gunnison Uplift to the south, the Uncompahgre Uplift to the south and southwest, the Douglas Creek Arch to the west-northwest, and the axial basin uplift to the north (Grout and Verbeek, 1992). Sedimentary rocks in the southwestern Piceance Basin gently dip to the north - northeast except where this regional dip is interrupted by low-amplitude folds. Numerous small sub- parallel northwest trending folds have been identified in the Green River Formation within the basin. The Site is shown on the Geologic and Structure Map of the Grand Junction Quadrangle (Scale 1:250,000). There are no mapped faults shown in the area of the Site on the Geologic and Structure Map of the Grand Junction Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado (Cashion, 1973) or on the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Forked Gulch Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado (O’Sullivan, R.B., and Hail, W.J., 1987) (Scale 1:24,000). A fault is a fracture in rock along which movement has occurred. Mountains are bound by faults and are a visible indication of a structural weakness in the earth’s crust. The Colorado Rocky Mountains are bound by faults; however, these faults are not always visible at the ground surface either because the fault trace is ‘blind’, meaning that the fault does not have surface expression since it does not cut across overlying sedimentary bedrock units, or that it has been buried and concealed by unconsolidated sediments deposited over the area where the faults are present. There are no known major faults mapped in the area of the Site. Geologic Hazard Report 4 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 2.3 Site Geology The geology in the vicinity of the Site is characterized as the lower part of the Tertiary Green River Formation. According to the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Forked Gulch Quadrangle (O’Sullivan, R.B., and Hail, W.J., 1987), bedrock mapped to the east of the project area consists of the Eocene Garden Gulch Member of the Green River Formation which consists mostly of gray fissile clay shale with minor beds of brown sandstone and siltstone and gray algal limestone. Gray marlstone beds are present in the upper part where it grades into the overlying Parachute Creek Member. The maximum exposed thickness of the Garden Gulch Member is approximately 750 feet. The area geology is shown on the G-1 Geologic Map. The Parachute Creek member and Evacuation Creek members of the Green River Formation lie stratigraphically above the Garden Gulch member and are exposed in the walls of the gulch for the East Fork of Parachute Creek. The total unit thickness of the Green River Formation is as much as 5,000 feet. Oil shale was mined from the Parachute Creek member and processed in the 1980s by Unocal in the Long Ridge Mine located above the Site. The Douglas Creek member and Anvil Points member lie stratigraphically below the Garden Gulch member. These units are covered by alluvium in the East Fork of Parachute Creek. The bedrock in the area of the Site is covered with unconsolidated colluvium and alluvium of Quaternary age deposits of valley fill consisting of locally derived siltstone, limestone, marlstone, and sandstone. 2.4 Soil The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) S-1 Soils Map shows the area soil types. Soils, consisting of the following units, are within the study area around F29 Storage Yard:  Rock outcrop – Torriothents complex, very steep slopes, Map Symbol 62: The rock outcrop-Torriothents complex is a broadly defined unit that consists of exposed bedrock, very rocky areas, shallow soils to moderately deep soils overlying bedrock and small pockets of deep soils. The Torriothents soils consist of clay loam to channery sandy clay loam overlying sedimentary bedrock. The complex formed on the rock escarpment and colluvial slopes along the edge of the Roan Plateau. The outcrops and soils are very steep to extremely steep. Slope ranges from 50 to 80 percent. Extremely steep slopes and rockiness limit development. These limitations can be overcome by appropriate design and construction. The Rock outcrop – Torriothents complex soils at lower elevations exhibit rapid surface runoff, and the erosion hazard is moderate. Surface runoff is very rapid and, the erosion hazard is severe on the exposed bedrock and shallow stony soils found at higher elevations. The soil survey tables do not include information on Rock outcrop – Torriorthents complex soils for soil and water features, and risk of corrosion to uncoated steel or concrete, or the shrink- swell potential for these soils. Geologic Hazard Report 5 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 2.5 Hydrologic Setting The Site is located at an elevation of approximately 6,270 feet, overlooking the East Fork of Parachute Creek. The surface water hydrology and shallow groundwater contained in the alluvium are controlled by the East Fork of Parachute Creek. Surface water flow is to the west – southwest toward the confluence with the main branch of Parachute Creek. Shallow groundwater is expected to follow topography and flow toward and parallel the flow of the East Fork of Parachute Creek. These surface water features are shown on the H-1 Hydrography Map. 2.6 Aquifers The Uinta-Animas aquifer in the Piceance Basin consists of the Parachute Creek member of the Green River Formation and the overlying Uinta Formation (Robson and Banta, 1995). This aquifer can be divided into two sedimentary aquifer systems in the Piceance Basin and are locally referred to as the upper and lower aquifers. The upper aquifer occurs in the lean oil shales and marlstones found in the upper part of the Parachute Creek member of the Green River Formation, and in the marlstones and silty sandstones of the Uinta Formation (Czyzewski, 1999). The hydraulic conductivity of the upper aquifer ranges from between 0.2 feet per day (ft/day) to 0.4 ft/day (Topper et al, 2003). The Mahogany Zone consists of lower permeability oil shale, and forms a confining unit within the Parachute Creek member, that separates the upper aquifer and the lower aquifer. Vertical migration occurs in areas where the Mahogany Zone is fractured allowing communication between the upper and lower aquifers. The vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Mahogany Zone has estimated as much as 0.37 feet per day. The lower aquifer consists of fractured oil shale and marlstone in the Parachute Creek member below the Mahogany Zone. Secondary porosity in the lower aquifer is enhanced by fractures and dissolution of saline minerals in the marlstone throughout much of the basin. The lower aquifer is underlain by the low permeability Garden Gulch member, and together with the Douglas Creek and Anvil Points members form confining layers which restrict the movement of groundwater to the underlying Wasatch Formation (Czyzewski, 1999). Water wells completed in the upper aquifer may yield as much as 300 gallons per minute (gpm); however, 100 gpm is more common. Water wells completed in the lower aquifer may yield as much as 1,000 gpm, although 200 gpm to 400 gpm is more typical (Czyewski, 1999). The groundwater quality based on dissolved solids concentrations in water from the upper part of the aquifer in the Piceance Basin generally range from about 500 milligrams per liter (mg/l) to more than 1,000 mg/l. Concentrations of total dissolved solids in the lower part of the aquifer range from less than 1,000 mg/l in the recharge area near the Site and toward the center of the Piceance Basin exceed 10,000 mg/l where extensive fracturing of the saline zone that underlies the aquifer has enable upward movement of the brine (Robson and Banta, 1995). Springs occur where confining layers are exposed in the steep slopes and walls of the gulch for the East Fork of Parachute Creek and where groundwater is discharged to surface water. Recharge water moves through the upper and lower bedrock aquifers and discharges to springs above and possibly below the Mahogany Zone (Topper et al, 2003). Geologic Hazard Report 6 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 Alluvial aquifers are found along the lower reaches of the major streams and tributaries where the alluvium may be as much as 140 feet thick, and is saturated below stream levels. According to the Colorado Division of Water Resources, permitted water wells in the vicinity of the Site are all identified as groundwater monitoring holes owned by Encana. The reported depths of these wells range from 30 feet to 45 feet below ground surface (bgs). Static water levels were not reported. These wells are completed within the alluvium and valley fill along the East Fork of Parachute Creek. Geologic Hazard Report 7 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 3.0 NATURAL AND GEOLOGIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT The following sections present the assessment of geologic hazards in the vicinity of the proposed Water Impoundment. The T-1 Topographic Map shows the location of the F29 Storage Yard in relation to the affected parcel and local roads. 3.1 Utilities Trenches for water pipelines, natural gas pipelines, and electrical lines are not expected to be associated with the proposed development of the F29 Storage Yard. The slopes and rocky soil may pose technical challenges to the installation of utilities; however, it is expected that these limitations can be overcome with proper design and installation if utilities are installed. Aboveground utility facilities located in Hazard Areas are to be protected by barriers or diversion techniques approved by a qualified professional engineer. The determination to locate utility facilities aboveground will be based upon the recommendation and requirements of the utility service provider and approved by the County. Aboveground utilities, such as transformers and electrical lines, are not expected to be affected by geologic or other natural hazards. 3.2 Avalanche Hazard Area Winters are cold in the mountainous areas of Garfield County, and valleys are colder than the lower parts of adjacent mountains due to cold air drainage. Average seasonal snowfall in Garfield County is 50 inches. The greatest snow depth at any one time during the period of record from 1951 to 1974 was 29 inches recorded at Rifle, Colorado approximately 25 miles to the east-northeast of the proposed Site. Avalanches are not expected to affect the proposed F29 Storage Yard Site, since it is located at an elevation of approximately 6,200 feet amsl. Areas in eastern Garfield County are at higher elevations, receive more snow pack, and are, therefore, more prone to avalanches in certain years. Avalanches are the most dangerous geologic hazard in Colorado resulting in injuries, loss of life, and about $100,000 in direct property damage, and indirect economic losses in the millions of dollars annually. However, the avalanche prone areas include the Park Range and Flat Tops in northeastern Garfield County, Colorado, to the north of Glenwood Springs. Glenwood Springs, near the east edge of the area, averages about one degree cooler than Rifle and receives about five inches more precipitation per year (Harman and Murray, 1985). 3.3 Landslide Areas or Potential Landslide Hazard Areas According to Map 24 – Surface Geology map, Geologic Hazards Identification Study (Lincoln Devore, 1975-1976), there are landslide areas shown to the southwest of County Road 215 northwest of the town of Parachute. The area north of town does not show the presence of landslides on the northeast side of County Road 215, but the map does not go far enough to show the site area (Garfield County, Surface Geology, 2007). The Site is located on mine tailings and a retort laydown pile constructed by Unocal, and is surrounded by very steep slopes along the East Fork of Parachute Creek. There is a potential for slides to occur in the area. Geologic Hazard Report 8 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 3.4 Rockfall Areas The Site is located in an area with very steep slopes. Rock fall is a potential geologic hazard in the vicinity of the F29 Storage Yard. The Site is located on shale oil retort mine tailings from the Long Ridge Mine. 3.5 Alluvial Fan Hazard Areas The Site is not located in an area that is mapped as being in an alluvial fan hazard area according to the Garfield County Surficial Geology, 2007. The Site is located on the lower part of the Green River Formation (Symbol Tgg) overlooking the East Fork of Parachute Creek Quaternary alluvium (Symbol Qa), according to the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Forked Gulch Quadrangle (O’Sullivan, R.B., and Hail, W.J., 1987). The Site is located on the retort laydown pile of shale oil mine tailings from the Long Ridge Mine. 3.6 Unstable or Potentially Unstable Slopes According to the Garfield County Slope Hazard Study Areas 1, 2, & 3 Map 22, most of the area north of the Colorado River and the town of Parachute, Colorado has been mapped as being in an area of major slope hazard. The Site is located in a slope hazard area. The slope hazard map recommends that Site specific investigations should be conducted to assess active landslide areas. Geologic studies may include intensive drilling and sophisticated strength testing, stability analyses, and monitoring of soil, rock, and groundwater conditions. Mitigation may be possible, but likely will be expensive, may require special siting, and will involve some risk. Avoidance may be recommended for projects of lower economic value (Garfield County, Slope Hazard Study 2002). The Rock outcrop – Torriorthents complex soils (Map Unit 62) are found on very steep slopes, and slope is listed as a severe limitation for development on these soils. Engineering, design, and construction practices of the proposed development are expected to mitigate the limitation of slopes at the Site since the Site is located within an area developed for other land uses, including development of natural gas well pads. The Site may require mitigation for slope, and will be graded and constructed for this purpose. 3.7 Corrosive or Expansive Soils and Rock According to the Soil Survey of the Rifle Area, the Rock outcrop – Torriorthents complex soils are not discussed in the engineering and soil characteristics tables at the back of the NRCS Soil Survey of the Rifle Area, Colorado. The Nihill (Map unit 47) soils formed along the East Fork of Parachute Creek have a high risk of corrosion for uncoated steel, the risk for corrosion of concrete is listed as low. The composition and behavior characteristics for the Rock outcrop and Torriorthents complex is provided in the description of the map unit. Some Tertiary and Cretaceous age sedimentary rocks with high clay content are capable of accepting water into their chemical structure and expanding many times their volume when dry. These sedimentary rocks and soils formed from these rock types, may expand or contract as they become wet and then dry out resulting in damage to structures built upon them. Geologic Hazard Report 9 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 The Rock outcrop – Torriorthents complex soils do not have a high shrink-swell potential and are not considered expansive soils. There is not a potential for expansive rock or soils in the area of the proposed F29 Storage Yard site. 3.8 Mudflow and Debris Fan Areas The Site is not located in an area of mapped mud flow and debris fan areas, but is located on retorted mine tailings. The retort laydown area could be susceptible to erosion if surface vegetation is disturbed or if stormwater run-on from the slopes above the Site or if runoff from the Site are not controlled. There is an intermittent drainage shown on the topographic map that runs down the side of the gulch and across the bench formed by the retort laydown area to the East Fork of Parachute Creek. 3.9 Development Over Faults and Risk of Seismic Activity There are no major faults shown in the Grand Valley area on the Geologic and Structure Map of the Grand Junction Quadrangle, Colorado and Utah (Cashion, 1973). There are no mapped faults shown on the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Forked Gulch Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado (O’Sullivan and Hail, 1987) in the immediate vicinity of the Site. The Piceance Basin and other Tertiary age basins of the Colorado Plateau are defined by monoclines, at least along one margin. The Grand Hogback, to the east near the town of Rifle, is such a monocline which is thought to have formed by reactivation of pre-existing, steeply dipping fault zones in the Precambrian basement rock. Recent seismic data suggests that some of the monoclines, especially in the Rocky Mountain foreland near the boundary with the Colorado Plateau, overlie a west-, southwest-, or south-directed thrust fault system. These blind thrust faults transect older Mesozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks that resulted from two major deformational events associated with the uplift of the ancestral Rocky Mountains. The Grand Hogback monocline formed above the tip of a blind, Precambrian basement rock thrust fault wedge which moved southwest and west-southwest into the Piceance basin (Grout and Verbeek, 1992). Colorado is considered a region of minor earthquake activity; however, there is uncertainty due to the relatively short historic record. According to the USGS Colorado Earthquake History online, newspaper accounts were the primary source of earthquake data in Colorado prior to 1962. Few earthquakes have been reported in this part of Colorado. A very minor earthquake occurred in the northwestern part of Colorado on November 22, 1982 at 3:09 a.m. MST. The magnitude 2.9 (Richter scale) earthquake was located about 18 miles northeast of the town of Rifle and was felt at a fish hatchery in the area. The largest quake in the area occurred on April 22, 1984 and had a magnitude of 3.1 on the Richter scale. The quake was felt in Carbondale and in Glenwood Springs. Of the hundreds of quakes that occurred in the Carbondale area during that time period, 12 were reported as felt. 3.10 Flood Prone Areas The facility is not shown within the FEMA 100 year flood hazard zone based on the Flood Plain Map in the Vicinity of the Town of Parachute, Garfield County, Colorado, or a Firmette Map generated from the FEMA data along the Colorado River. The Site is located approximately Geologic Hazard Report 10 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 eight miles north of the town of Parachute, and nine miles north of the Colorado River. The Colorado River lies at an elevation of approximately 5,072 feet amsl and the Site is located at an elevation of approximately 6,200 feet amsl. Areas along the East Fork of Parachute Creek are prone to flash floods; however, the creek is located at an elevation of 6,000 feet, or 200 feet below the Site. Surface runoff does appear to run down the sides of the Fork Gulch walls and across the retort laydown area to the East Fork of Parachute Creek based on a review of aerial photographs of the area. The flood plain along the Colorado River is shown in relation to the F29 Storage Yard on the attached F-1 Flood Plain Location Map. 3.11 Collapsible Soils According to the Soil Hazard Profile, Study Areas 1, 2, & 3, Garfield County, prepared by Lincoln-Devore Testing Laboratory in 1975-1976, the area north of Parachute was not identified as a soil hazard area. Collapsible soils are another type of subsidence that occurs in parts of western Colorado where unconsolidated sediments are present. This ground settlement can damage man-made structures such as foundations, pavements, concrete slabs, utilities, and irrigation works. Collapsible soils have not been mapped in the area and are not expected to be encountered in the vicinity of the Site. 3.12 Mining Activity This Site is located on the oil shale retort pile and mine tailings from the Unocal Long Ridge Mine. The mine and pyrolosis retort facilities were located up slope from the Site at an elevation of approximately 7,200 feet northwest of the Site. The retort shale laydown area encompassed approximately 52 acres and contained 7,000,000 tons of retorted shale downslope of the Long Ridge Mine site referred to as the Laydown area. The retorted shale laydown area was reported reclaimed, contoured, and re-seeded in accordance with the Mined Land Reclamation Board (MLRB) permit requirements. Union Oil Company of California (Unocal) acquired a shale oil tract in the Parachute Creek area of Colorado in 1921, and began development of the Union process in the late 1940s with the design of the Union A retort facility. The technology was tested between 1954 and 1958 at the company owned tract along Parachute Creek north of the town of Parachute. Unocal processed up to 1200 tons per day of oil shale during the Union A testing which resulted in production of 800 barrels of shale oil per day. The Union A production was finally shut down in 1961 due to cost. In 1974, the Union B process was developed and Unocal started construction of the Long Ridge project in 1981. Unocal began construction of the Long Ridge project in 1981 using the “Union B” retort process that had evolved out of the Union A process. The Unocal Long Ridge Mine and plant started operations in 1986, but closed in 1991 after producing 5,000,000 barrels of shale oil, but then terminated the Long Ridge project citing operational and financial problems as a result of declining oil prices. The facility was idle for most of the 1990s, before being dismantled in 2004. Geologic Hazard Report 11 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 A review of the Forked Gulch 7.5-minute quadrangle and aerial photographs shows the location of mining activities in close proximity to the proposed F29 Storage Yard. The former Long Ridge Mine was located to the north and approximately 100 feet higher in elevation than the proposed F29 Storage Yard. 3.13 Radioactivity Naturally occurring radioactive materials are not expected to be an issue at the Site. Colorado oil and gas operations are not known to have a significant problem with naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) or technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM); however, there have been some instances where pipe scale has contained radium and associated radon gas. A NORM survey including site specific testing could be performed to further assess the radon potential at the Site to serve as a baseline assessment if used pipe or pipe scale is stored and is to be disposed offsite in the future. Olsson reviewed the Colorado Bulletin 40, Radioactive Mineral Occurrences of Colorado which states that nearly all of Garfield County’s uranium production came before 1954, and most of that came from the Rifle and Garfield mines. Both of these mines were located along the same ore body near the town of Rifle approximately 35 miles to the east. These occurrences were all hosted in the Jurassic Morrison and Entrada Formations, and the Triassic-Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, or the Triassic Chinle Formation which are known to contain uranium and vanadium deposits in the county and in the Colorado Plateau in general (Nelson-Moore, Collins, and Hornbaker, 1978). These formations lie at great depth in the vicinity of the Site and are stratigraphically below the depth of the Green River Formation. Elevated NORM has been identified with some of the oil shale units, and with some pipe scale associated with sodium bicarbonate mining in the area. These sources of radioactivity are not expected to pose a risk to the proposed F29 Storage Yard. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) has posted a statewide radon potential map on their website based on data collected by the EPA and the U.S. Geological Survey. Garfield County and most of Colorado has been mapped as being within Zone 1 – High Radon Potential, or having a high probability that indoor radon concentrations will exceed the EPA action level of 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L). Radon is not expected to be a significant problem at the proposed Site since the development will not include any occupied structures, personnel will not be onsite for extended periods, and the Site will not be developed with structures containing basements or substructures in which radon can accumulate. Geologic Hazard Report 12 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 4.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The following conclusions and recommendations were made following a review of the available site data for natural and geologic hazards in the vicinity of F29 Storage Yard located in Garfield County, Colorado.  Avalanche conditions are not expected to be a hazard in the area of the Site.  The Site is located on retorted oil shale mine tailings known as the retort laydown area from the Unocal Long Ridge Mine.  Rockfall areas are a potential hazard in the area of the Site.  The Site is not in an area mapped as an alluvial fan hazard area.  The F29 Storage Yard is not expected to have any buried or aboveground utilities. The rockiness and steep slope may pose limitations for installation of utilities; however, these limitations can be overcome by proper design, engineering, and construction.  Slope and rockiness are listed as a limitations for development on the Rock outcrop – Torriothents complex soils (Unit #62); however, it is expected that with appropriate design, engineering, and construction that the Site can be developed for its intended use.  The soil erosion hazard for the Rock outcrop – Torriothents complex soils is listed as moderate to severe depending on the elevation and steepness of the slope.  The Site is not located in an area of mapped mud flow and debris fan areas, but is located on retorted mine tailings. The retort laydown area could be susceptible to erosion if surface vegetation is disturbed or if stormwater run-on from the slopes above the Site is not controlled.  The Rock outcrop – Torriothents complex soils are not listed in the tables at the back of the Soil Survey of the Rifle Area, Colorado and the description does not indicate corrosive soils or shrink-swell potential as being hazards for these soils. The Nihill soils along the East Fork of Parachute Creek are listed as posing a high risk of corrosion to uncoated steel, but the potential for corrosion to concrete is low. Corrosive soils are not expected to be a significant hazard based on the proposed development for the F29 Storage Yard.  Expansive soils are not a geologic hazard at the F29 Storage Yard.  Collapsible soils are not present in the vicinity of the proposed F29 Storage Yard.  No significant faults have been mapped or are known in the F29 Storage Yard.  The Site is not mapped as being within the 100-year flood plain. Flash flooding is a hazard for lower elevations along the East Fork of Parachute Creek, Parachute Creek, and areas along the Colorado River located between eight and nine miles to the south.  There are no significant radioactive mineral deposits known in the immediate area of the Site. The presence of NORM may be an issue with exploration and production and could be an issue with used pipe scale or used equipment. Radioactive materials are not expected to pose a significant hazard at the Site. Geologic Hazard Report 13 Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 5.0 REFERENCES  Cashion, W.B., 1973, Geologic and Structure Map of the Grand Junction Quadrangle, Colorado and Utah, USGS, Map I-736, scale 1:250,000  Czyzewski, Gene, 1999, Chapter 12 The Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado Ground-water Association, Ground-water Atlas 1999 – 2000, p 63 - 66.  Grout, M. A. and Verbeek, E.R., 1992, USGS Bulletin 1787-Z, Fracture History of the Divide Creek and Wolf Creek Anticlines and Its Relation to Laramide Basin-Margin Tectonism, Southern Piceance Basin, Northwestern Colorado, 32 p.  Fischer, R.P., 1960, Vanadium-Uranium Deposits of the Rifle Creek Area, Garfield County, Colorado, USGS Bulletin 1101, 52 p.  Hail, W.J., Jr., 1992, USGS Bulletin 1787-R, Geology of the Central Roan Plateau Area, Northwestern, Colorado, 26 p.,  Harman, J.B. and Murray, D. J., 1985, Soil Survey of Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties, Colorado: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, 149 p. two plates, and 20 map sheets.  Nelson-Moore, J.L., Bishop Collins, D., Hornbaker, A.L., 2005, Colorado Geologic Survey, Bulletin 40, Radioactive Mineral Occurrences of Colorado, pp 154-158 (CD)  O’Sullivan R.B., W.J., Hail., 1987, Preliminary Geologic Map of the Forked Gulch Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado, USGS Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1953 scale 1:24,000  Robson, S.G. and Banta, E.R., 1995, USGS Hydrologic Investigations Atlas 730-C, Groundwater Atlas of the United States, Segment 2, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, 32 p.  Topper, R., Spray, K. L., Bellis, W.H., Hamilton, J.L., Barkman, P.E., Ground Water Atlas of Colorado, Colorado Geologic Survey, 2003, Special Publication 53, 210 p. Online References  Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission http://cogcc.state.co.us/  Natural Resources Conservation Service - Soil Survey http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/  Garfield County  Slope Hazards: http://garfield‐county.com/geographic‐information‐ systems/documents/6439291200422slopehaz.pdf  Soil Hazards: http://garfield‐county.com/geographic‐information‐ systems/documents/64335291200423soilhaz.pdf  Surficial Geology of Garfield County: http://garfield‐county.com/geographic‐information‐ systems/documents/geologic‐hazards/24surfgeo.pdf  Colorado Geological Survey website: http://geosurvey.state.co.us/hazards  Colorado Geological Survey website: http://geosurvey.state.us/land/Pages/Professional Geologist  Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment: http://co‐ radon.info/CO_radon_map.html Geologic Hazard Report Olsson Associates Encana F29 Storage Yard Golden, Colorado Garfield County, Colorado January 2015 FIGURES E P a r a c h u t e , 8 M i l e s Encana Guard Station31 08 26 16 07 07 34 15 02 02 10 01 01 08 08 36 04 35 02 33 20 10 09 27 17 17 04 35 12 12 03 11 11 28 18 18 06 09 24 14 05 22 03 30 21 11 06 06 14 05 05 23 13 26 29 19 07 25 32 23 5S 95W 6S 95W 5S 96W 6S 96W East Fork Parachute Creek Ben GoodCreek Sc h u t t e Cre e k East Middle Fork Parachute Creek Par a c h u t e C r e e k Ca b i n Wa t e r West F o r k Para c h u t e Cree k M i d d l e F o r k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k Mi d d l e Wa t e r Gr a n l e e D i t c h ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary 3 Mile Buffer Subject Parcel Parcels Perennial Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 VICINITY MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE V-1 401 21 5 24 9 40 2 302 30 0 21 3 40 8 309 301 40540 4 40 3 407 300N 300S 373 30 8 30 0 B 31 0 354 303 3 3 8 307 30 0 E 40 6 30 0 O 30 0 W 34 0 370 37 2 37 4 372EE 371 5S 95W 6S 96W 5S 96W 6S 97W 7S 97W 7S 96W 6S 95W 4S 95W4S 96W 7S 95W 5S 97W 4S 97W 5S 94W 4S 94W 06030201 05 010204 06 05 04 0405 31 30 19 18 07 03 01 03 02050403 16 11 08 23 11 11 1111 11 11 09 20 21 06 12 13 23 22 23 32 32 06 20 28 25 24 03 33 23 34 26 20 27 21 29 33 3635 01 35 24 34 31 24 33 07 21 29 35 19 02 28 17 21 32 36 36 29 2526 08 202019 24 25 03 28 27 13 30 08 08 17 20 13 29 23 12 13 33 12 12 25 17 26 14 26 36 24 12 10 32 12 10 13 29 14 26 25 15 16 08 21 23 18 23 09 35 15 24 14 17 27 16 04 24 2220 20 36 25 05 22 23 24 33 22 15 13 09 17 09 15 17 21 34 28 28 16 27 15 32 09 23 22 16 14 25 21 35 25 34 14 26 09 10 1614 29 21 35 13 08 33 27 22 28 24 10 0102 07 23 14 20 22 16 12 31 17 16 08 08 20 17 30 19 02 05 07 03 04 18 32 04 01 29 15 34 05 22 10 36 24 26 28 27 19 09 35 34 09 06 06 18 31 30 05 19 04 18 19 15 07 03 10 02 30 19 27 31 01 30 22 22 18 07 21 31 10 26 31 36 10 15 21 30 19 07 18 06 19 30 31 29 28 27 26 25 06 07 18 19 30 07 18 19 06 34 22 27 34 03 10 15 22 27 30 3332 36353431 Copyright:© 2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Yard Vicinity Map SECTION 29, T5S, R95W, 6th, P.M. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO PROJECT No. DATE: SCALE: 1 of 1 Wasatch Surveying Associates906 Main Street Evanston, Wyoming 82930Phone No. (307) 789-4545 Fax (307) 789-5722 VICINITY MAP 14-04-11 8/22/2014 T O P A R A C H U T E £Sc a l e i n F e e t 0 5, 0 0 0 10 , 0 0 0 1:120,000 d ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INCPARCEL NO. 213527300015 F29 STORAGE YARDSITE LOCATION ! 31 16 33 20 17 28 18 30 21 29 19 32 5S 95W ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE T-1 Tu UintaFormation Tgp Green RiverFormation, ParachuteCreek Member Tgp Green RiverFormation, ParachuteCreek Member Tgl Green RiverFormation,Lower part Tu UintaFormation East M i d d l e F o r k Parach u t e C r e e k East Fork Parachute Creek Midd l e F o r k Par a c h u t e Cre e k 5S 95W 5S96W 6S 96W ²F29 Storage yard Subject Parcel Boundary 3 Mile Buffer Perennial Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 GEOLOGY MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE G-1 East Fork Parachute Creek Rockoutcrop-Torriorthentscomplex, very steep Nihill channeryloam, 1 to 6percent slopes Parachute-Rhoneloams, 5 to 30percent slopes Irigul channeryloam, 9 to 50percent slopes Northwaterloam, 15 to 65percent slopes Northwaterloam, 15 to 65percent slopes Nihill channeryloam, 6 to 25percent slopes Rockoutcrop-Torriorthentscomplex, very steep Irigul channeryloam, 50 to 75percent slopes Irigul channeryloam, 50 to 75percent slopes Irigul channeryloam, 50 to 75percent slopes Irigul channeryloam, 50 to 75percent slopes Parachuteloam, 25 to 65percent slopes Irigul channeryloam, 50 to 75percent slopes ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary Perennial Stream Intermittent Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 SOILS MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE S-1 E E E E 44239 4424044241 50041 291488 291489 291490 291491 292746 5S 95W East Fork Parachute Creek ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary 1 Mile Buffer Water Wells Within 1 MileESpring/Seep Perennial Stream Intermittent Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 HYDROGRAPHY MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE H-1 5S94W 5S 97W 4S 96W 7S 95W 6S 97W 5S 95W 4S94W4S 97W 7S 96W 6S 95W 5S 96W 4S 95W 7S 97W 6S 96W Col o r a d o R i v e r Al l e n w a t e r C r e e k Ja n g l e D i t c h Bear Run Co n n C r e e k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k Sc h u t t e C r e e k East F o r k C o n n C r e e k Ea s t F o r k Pa r a c h u t e Cr e e k Wolf Cr e e k Ben Good Creek Dia m o n d Dit c h Northw a t e r C r e e k B a t t l e m e n t C r e e k East Middle Fork Parachute Creek Litt l e C r e e k Trapper C r e e k Ca b i n Wa t e r Par a c h u t e Ditc h Willow C r e e k T o u r i s t R u n West F o r kParach u t e Creek Cab i n W a t e r M i d d l e F o r k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k Mi d d l e Wa t e r S h o r t W a t e r Gr a n l e e D i t c h LowCostDitch Dais y Ditc h Cornell Ditch ²F29 Storage yard Subject Parcel Floodplain Perennial Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 FLOODPLAIN MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE F-1 Article 4-203.G.6 Wildlife and Vegetation Impact Analysis Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 WILDLIFE AND VEGETATION ASSESSMENT FOR THE F29 LAYDOWN YARD PREPARED FOR ENCANA OIL AND GAS (USA) INC. Parachute, Colorado PREPARED BY Olsson Associates 760 Horizon Drive, Suite 102 Grand Junction, Colorado 81506 970.263.7800 Cinnamon Levi-Flinn- Assistant Scientist Lilly Griffin – Assistant Scientist December 2014 Olsson Associates Project No. 014-2796 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 i Table of Contents 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................. 1 2.0 SURVEY METHODS ......................................................................................................... 3 3.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ................................................................... 3 3.1 Wetlands and Other Waters of the U.S. ...................................................................... 3 3.2 Vegetation Assessment .............................................................................................. 3 3.3 Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Plant Species ............................................... 5 3.4 Noxious Weeds ........................................................................................................... 5 3.5 Wildlife Species Considered........................................................................................ 5 3.5.1 Federal and Colorado State Threatened, Endangered, Candidate, and Species of Concern ..................................................................................................................... 5 3.5.2 Raptors, Birds of Conservation Concern, Migratory, and Non-Migratory Birds ...... 12 3.5.3 Species Considered.............................................................................................. 12 4.0 SECTION 4-203.G (6)(a) DETERMINATION OF THE LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM EFFECT ON FLORA AND FAUNA ................................................................................. 15 4.1 Flora ........................................................................................................................ 15 4.2 Fauna ...................................................................................................................... 15 4.2.1 Federal and Colorado State Listed Threatened, Endangered, Candidate, and Sensitive Wildlife Species ........................................................................................ 15 4.2.6 American elk and deer .......................................................................................... 17 4.2.7 Black bear ............................................................................................................ 17 4.2.8 Wild turkey ............................................................................................................ 17 4.3 Raptors, Birds of Conservation Concern, Migratory and Non-Migratory Birds .......... 20 5.0 SECTION 4-203.G (6)(b) DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT ON DESIGNATED ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES CRITICAL WILDLIFE HABITAT ............................... 20 6.0 SECTION 4-203.G (6)(c) IMPACTS ON WILDLIFE AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS ............. 20 7.0 SECTION 7-202 MITIGATION OF WILDLIFE HABITATS ................................................ 21 8.0 GENERAL REFERENCES AND LITERATURE CITED ................................................... 22 List of Tables Table 1. Common plant species observed within the immediate area of the laydown yard and natural gas well pad. .................................................................................................... 4 Table 2. Noxious Weeds Observed ........................................................................................... 5 Table 3. USFWS Federal Threatened, Endangered and Candidate Wildlife Species for Garfield County ......................................................................................................................... 6 Table 4. Colorado State Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Species List ......................... 7 Table 5. Raptors, Birds of Conservation Concern, Migratory and Non-migratory Bird Species Potentially in Project Area ...........................................................................................12 List of Figures Figure 1: Project Vicinity ............................................................................................................. 2 Figure 2: Designated cutthroat habitat ...................................................................................... 16 Figure 3: Elk Winter Ranges ..................................................................................................... 18 Figure 4: Mule Deer Habitat Designations ................................................................................. 19 Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 ii THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 1 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Olsson Associates (Olsson) was contracted by Encana Oil and Gas (USA) Inc. to develop an impact analysis to fulfill the legal requirements set forth in Section 4-203.G of the Garfield County Land Use and Development Code, dated July 15, 2013 and amended in October 2014. Section 4-203.G requires proposed developments to describe existing conditions and potential changes created by the proposed land use change. This document provides an assessment of cumulative impacts on wildlife habitat, the creation of hazardous attractions, the alteration of existing native vegetation, blocking of migration routes, and changes in habitat use or disruption of habitat use by wildlife. The proposed F29 Laydown Yard (project area or site) is located approximately 10 miles north of the town of Parachute, CO in the S½ NE¼ of Section 29 and the E½ NW¼ of Section 28, Township 5 South, Range 95 West of the 6th P.M. in Garfield County, CO. This project area is at 6,240 feet in elevation (Figure 1). The F29 pad is an existing well pad that is proposed for use as a laydown yard. The proposed laydown yard would have no new surface disturbance associated with it, since the site is a previously disturbed area, and would be operated within the existing footprint of the F29 pad. Photo of pad site, and habitat conditions Photo of pad site and reclaimed areas on berm slope Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 2 Figure 1: Project Vicinity Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 3 2.0 SURVEY METHODS A preliminary review of the F29 laydown yard was conducted to determine the presence/absence of threatened, endangered, or sensitive wildlife and plant species and their habitats. The review utilized aerial photographs and a review of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Information, Planning, and Conservation System (IPAC) for listed species in Garfield County (USFWS 2014). Additionally, sensitive or rare wildlife or plant species were reviewed from the Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW) Natural Diversity Information source (NDIS) GIS website. Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC) GIS data for wildlife habitat was also utilized (COGCC 2013). Species located in the range of the project site were further reviewed for suitable habitats in the vicinity of the project area. On November 4, 2014, Olsson biologists conducted surveys of the project site as well as the surrounding area to assess potential impacts to wildlife and wildlife habitat. Field data collected during the survey was documented and/or recorded using a GPS (NAD83 map datum, UTM coordinate system in Zone 12). Vegetation types were determined during an on-site visit. Photographs of the project area location, as well as the surrounding area, were taken to record general biological communities, site conditions, and terrain. As this survey was conducted late in the growing season, some plant species and noxious weeds were not identifiable. 3.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 3.1 Wetlands and Other Waters of the U.S. A desktop assessment of waterbodies and wetlands was evaluated by reviewing areas that could potentially be identified as jurisdictional wetlands and other waters of the U.S. (WoUS). Impacts to potentially jurisdictional WoUS require permitting through Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA). Section 404 of the CWA authorizes the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to issue permits for the discharge of dredge or fill materials into WoUS. Based on the desktop review and on-site surveys, there currently are no wetlands or drainages conveying WoUS that would be affected by the proposed project. 3.2 Vegetation Assessment The F29 laydown yard is located in an area where the primary land use is natural gas development. The project area is located on an existing natural gas well pad, and the surrounding cut and fill slopes are dominated by interim reclamation grasses and shrub species. The area of the proposed laydown yard is not surrounded by a fence. Encana maintains the access road and all traffic must pass through an Encana manned guard shack to access the North Photo of sparse native vegetation at site Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 4 Parachute Ranch (NPR) operating field. No livestock are currently grazed within the NPR. The proposed facility exists in vegetation communities of mixed shrublands and reclaimed (seeded) mixed grasses and shrubs. The natural vegetation is dominated by rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa) with a scattered presence of sticky rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus), big sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), and shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia). The understory was dominated by western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii), slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), with scattered downy brome (Anisantha tectorum) and weedy annuals. Additional species occurred in lesser coverage and amounts. Please note that many of the grasses are likely a result of seeding effort. The pad location has been kept mostly clear of vegetation. The berms, cut slopes, and fill slopes support weedy species, seeded grasses, and seeded/naturally occurring shrubs. The dominating vegetation include western wheatgrass, crested wheatgrass, slender wheatgrass, and scattered desert shrubs including rabbitbrush, sticky rabbitbrush, big sagebrush, saltbush species, and weedy annuals. Table 1. Common plant species observed within the immediate area of the laydown yard and natural gas well pad. Common Name Scientific Name rabbitbrush Ericameria nauseosa sticky rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus fourwing saltbush Atriplex canescens shadscale Atriplex confertifolia western wheatgrass Pascopyrum smithii slender wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus downy brome Anisantha tectorum redstem filaree Erodium cicutarium crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum clasping pepperweed Lepidium perfoliatum tall tumblemustard Sisymbrium altissimum Russian thistle Salsola iberica kochia Kochia solaria yellow sweet clover Melilotus officinalis Indian ricegrass Achnatherum hymenoides thickspike wheatgrass Elymus lanceolatus Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 5 3.3 Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Plant Species The vegetation survey included an assessment to identify potential habitat for the following plant species:  Colorado hookless cactus (Sclerocactus glaucus)  DeBeque phacelia (Phacelia submutica)  Parachute beardtongue (Penstemon debilis)  Ute ladies’-tresses orchid (Spiranthes diluvialis) None of the above mentioned species or potential habitats was located within the vicinity of the proposed laydown yard site. 3.4 Noxious Weeds Two Colorado State C-list weed species were found on the cut and fill slopes of the project area, downy brome (Anisantha tectorum) and redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium). The presence of downy brome is common in the surrounding area. It is possible that other weed species occur on the project site and in the nearby area but were not detected due to the time of inspection which was conducted late in the growing season. Table 2. Noxious Weeds Observed Common Name Scientific Name Growth Cycle/Weed List Comment Redstem Filaree Erodium cicutarium Biennial/Colorado C list Worldwide; crowds out more desirable crop species. Cheatgrass (Downy Brome) Anisantha tectorum Annual/Colorado C list Highly adaptable to many environments; promoted by fire; highly competitive and early emergent. As outlined in Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Weed Management Effort Summary, the weed conditions will be assessed on an individual basis, such that the best, site-specific weed management techniques may be executed. Please reference Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Weed Management Effort Summary. 3.5 Wildlife Species Considered 3.5.1 Federal and Colorado State Threatened, Endangered, Candidate, and Species of Concern The F29 Laydown Yard was evaluated for threatened, endangered, or sensitive wildlife species and their habitats potentially occurring on or adjacent to the project area. According to the USFWS IPAC, there are ten federally listed threatened, endangered, and candidate wildlife species that have the potential to occur in Garfield County (Table 3). Additionally, CPW’s list of Threatened, Endangered and Species of Concern was reviewed to determine if any of those species had potential habitat on or adjacent to the proposed laydown yard (Table 4). Species in Bold have been selected for additional evaluation due to direct, indirect, cumulative impacts or have mapped habitat within or adjacent to the proposed project area. The additional species evaluations are provided in Section 3.5.3 Species Considered. Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 6 Table 3. USFWS Federal Threatened, Endangered and Candidate Wildlife Species for Garfield County Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Status Habitat Present Birds Greater Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus Large sagebrush shrublands, north of I-70 in Colorado Candidate No Mexican Spotted owl Strix occidentalis lucida Canyons with mixed conifer old growth mostly in Southwestern Colorado and east of Colorado Springs Threatened No Yellow-Billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus Large cottonwood stands along large Rivers; found along North Fork of Gunnison, Colorado, Dolores, Yampa and Rio Grande Rivers Threatened No Fish Bonytail chub Gila elegans Large, swift-flowing waters of the Colorado River system Endangered No Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius Large, swift-flowing muddy rivers with quiet warm backwaters in the Green, Yampa, White, Colorado, Gunnison, San Juan, and Dolores Rivers Endangered No Greenback Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarki stomias Clear, cold mountain streams on the Front Range of Colorado, recently found to occur on the west slope Threatened Yes Humpback chub Gila cypha Prefers deep, fast-moving, turbid waters often associated with large boulders and steep cliffs in the Green, Yampa, and Colorado Rivers Endangered No Razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus Deep, clear to turbid waters of large rivers and reservoirs, with silt and gravel substrates in the lower Yampa and lower Colorado Rivers Endangered No Mammals Canada lynx Lynx canadensis Spruce/fir and lodgepole pine forests, sometimes aspen, and shrublands Threatened No Black-Footed ferret Mustela nigripes Associated with prairie dog colonies. Found to occur in Rio Blanco and Moffat Counties Endangered No The greater sage-grouse (GrSG) has CPW mapped Historic Habitat overlaying the site. GrSG mapped Production Area (includes majority of nesting habitat) and Overall Range occur approximately 1 mile north of the site over the ridge. Brood Areas and Winter Range habitats all occur greater than 5 miles northwest of the site. The proposed laydown yard is not within the GrSG habitat areas as depicted in the Garfield County Greater Sage-Grouse Conservation Plan (2014). The site does not support suitable habitat; it is dominated by rock, steep slopes and lacks suitable vegetation. Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 7 Due to the lack of suitable habitat within the project area, and/or lack of direct or indirect impacts, the following species listed for protection under the Endangered Species Act have been excluded from further analysis: Greater sage-grouse, Mexican spotted owl, yellow- billed cuckoo, Canada lynx, black-footed ferret, and Colorado River endangered fish species. Table 4. Colorado State Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Species List Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Status Potential Habitat present within Project Area? Mammals Black-Footed Ferret Mustela nigripes Associated with prairie dog colonies. Found to occur in Rio Blanco and Moffat Counties FE,SE No Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Cynomys ludovicianus Shortgrass steppe on the eastern plains of Colorado SC No Botta’s Pocket Gopher Thomomy bottae rubidus Occurs mostly in riparian areas with sandy soils along lower elevations of the Utah border and the Arkansas Valley SC No Gray Wolf Canis lupus Mountains, woodlands and plains of the Northern Rockies FE,SE No Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos Woodlands, forests, alpine meadows and riparian areas near streams and rivers FT,SE No Kit Fox Vulpes macrotis Semi-desert shrublands; found to occur in Colorado and Lower Gunnison River Valleys SE No Canada Lynx Lynx canadensis Spruce/fir and lodgepole pine forests, sometimes aspen, and shrublands FT,SE No Northern Pocket Gopher Thomomys talpoides macrotis Occurs in meadows and along streams in mountain areas along the Front Range of Colorado SC No Preble’s Meadow jumping mouse Zapus hudsonius preblei Foothills, riparian areas and along front range streams of Colorado into northern Wyoming FT,ST No River Otter Lontra Canadensis Widespread in large montane river systems ST No Swift Fox Vulpes velox Shortgrass prairie and riparian woodlands on eastern plains of Colorado SC No Townsend’s Big- eared Bat Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens Semi-desert shrublands, Pinyon/juniper, open montane forests, caves and abandoned mines SC No Wolverine Gulo gulo Boreal forests and tundra SE No Birds American Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus anatum Nest on cliffs, forages over forests and shrublands throughout Colorado SC Yes Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Forages by roosting along larger rivers, stream and waterbodies, also around big game winter ranges throughout Colorado SC No Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 8 Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Status Potential Habitat present within Project Area? Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia Arid grasslands and shrublands on the eastern slope of Colorado; some occurrences in western Colorado ST No Columbian Sharp- Tailed Grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus High mountain shrub-grassland communities and associated edges in Northwestern Colorado SC No Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis Grasslands and semi-desert shrublands, winter resident in Colorado SC No Greater Sage- Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus Large sagebrush shrublands, north of I-70 in Colorado SC No Gunnison Sage- Grouse Centrocercus minimus Large sagebrush shrublands with diversity of grasses and riparian areas; occurs in Gunnison basin and a small population south of Grand Junction SC No Greater Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis tabida Wetlands, marshes and large waterbodies; Colorado migrant but the Rocky Mountain Population breeds in northwestern Colorado SC No Least Tern Sterna antillarum Migratory in Colorado, found in large reservoirs and rivers in southeastern Colorado FE,SE No Lesser Prairie- Chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus Great plains grasslands and shrublands in southeastern Colorado FT,ST No Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus Larger reservoirs and river systems in Colorado, mostly on eastern plains SC No Mexican Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis lucida Canyons with mixed conifer old growth mostly in Southwestern Colorado and east of Colorado Springs FT,ST No Mountain Plover Charadrius montanus Summers on eastern plains in Colorado in native short-grass steppe; winters in Southern California & Mexico SC No Plains Sharp-Tailed Grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesii Grasslands and river canyons in northeastern Colorado SE No Piping Plover Charadrius melodus circumcinctus Sandbars and beaches along larger rivers in eastern Colorado FT,ST No Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii extimus Dense lower elevation riparian habitats FE,SE No Western Snowy Plover Charadrius alexandrines Sandy beaches and barrens in eastern Colorado plains SC No Western Yellow- Billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus Large cottonwood stands along large Rivers; found along North Fork of Gunnison, Colorado, Dolores, Yampa and Rio Grande Rivers SC No Whooping Crane Grus Americana Migratory through Colorado; found to occur in wetlands, marshes and salt flats FE,SE No Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 9 Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Status Potential Habitat present within Project Area? Fish Arkansas Darter Etheostoma cragini Shallow, clear, sandy streams with spring-fed pools in the Arkansas drainage in eastern Colorado ST No Bonytail Gila elegans Large, swift-flowing waters of the Colorado River system FE,SE No Brassy Minnow Hybognathus hankinsoni Moderately clear tributary streams with sand or gravel bottoms; native to Republican and South Platte river basins ST No Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius Large, swift-flowing muddy rivers with quiet warm backwaters in the Green, Yampa, White, Colorado, Gunnison, San Juan, and Dolores Rivers FE,ST No Colorado River Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus Headwater streams and lakes in widespread localized reaches SC Yes Colorado Roundtail Chub Gila robusta Large rivers in the Colorado River system through Glenwood Canyon, downstream on White River, Milk and Divide Creeks SC No Common Shiner Luxilus cornutus Lakes, rivers and streams, common in pools of streams and small rivers in the South Platte River Basin ST No Flathead Chub Platygobio gracilus Main branches of turbid streams and rivers, fast currents with sand/gravel substrates in the Arkansas River basin SC No Greenback Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki stomias Clear, cold mountain streams on the Front Range of Colorado, recently found to occur on the west slope FT,ST No Humpback Chub Gila cypha Prefers deep, fast-moving, turbid waters often associated with large boulders and steep cliffs in the Green, Yampa, and Colorado Rivers FE,ST No Iowa Darter Etheostoma exile Clear, slow flowing streams and lakes with undercut banks and some vegetation or algal mat in Northeastern plains streams, Eleven Mile Reservoir and Shadow Mountain Reservoir SC No Lake Chub Couesius plumbeus Lakes and large pools in Boulder Creek and the Cache la Poudre River SE No Mountain Sucker Catostomus playtrhynchus Throughout west on both sides of Continental Divide-prefer clear cold creeks and small to medium rivers with rubble, gravel, or sand substrate SC No Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 10 Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Status Potential Habitat present within Project Area? Northern Redbelly Dace Phoxinus eos Small slow-flowing streams and connected lakes with vegetation in the South Platte basin SE No Plains Minnow Hybognathus placitus Main channels of rivers in the Arkansas and Platte River basins SE No Plains Orangethroat Darter Etheostoma spectabile Found in small streams with shallow riffles and gravel substrate in the Republican basin SC No Rio Grande Chub Gila Pandora Pools and streams with gravel substrate and overhanging banks and brush in the Rio Grande basin SC No Rio Grande Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki virginalis Clear, cold isolated headwater streams and lakes in the Rio Grande basin SC No Rio Grande Sucker Catostomus plebeius Slow moving reaches of streams in the Rio Grande basin FE,SE No Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus Deep, clear to turbid waters of large rivers and reservoirs, with silt and gravel substrates in the lower Yampa and lower Colorado Rivers FE,SE No Southern Red Belly dace Phoxinus erythrogaster Clear, streams and rivers with sand and gravel substrates in the South Platte and Arkansas River drainages SE No Stonecat Noturus flavus Large creeks and small rivers with fast moving riffles and rocky substrates; occurs in the South Platte and Republican basins SC No Suckermouth Minnow Phenacobius mirabilis Clear, shallow riffles with sand and gravel substrates in the South Platte and Republican basins SE No Amphibians Boreal Toad Anaxyrus boreas boreas Subalpine forest meadows, wetlands, beaver ponds and margins of lakes in distinct populations within 8,500- 12,000 feet elevation SE No Couch’s Spadefoot Scaphiopus couchii Occurs in pools and stock ponds in the prairie grasslands of Southeastern Colorado SC No Great Plains Narrowmouth Toad Gastrophryne olivacea Grassy areas on rocky slopes and in rock-rimmed canyons in southeastern Colorado SC No Northern Cricket Frog Acris crepitans Margins and edges of permanent and semi-permanent ponds and wetlands of the eastern plains of Colorado SC No Northern Leopard Frog Lithobates pipiens Wetlands, beaver ponds, marshes, and wet meadows throughout mid-to lower- elevations of Colorado SC No Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 11 Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Status Potential Habitat present within Project Area? Plains Leopard Frog Rana blairi Wetlands, marshes, and ponds on eastern plains SC No Wood Frog Rana sylvatica Subalpine wetlands, beaver ponds, lakes, and wet meadows in eastern Grand, northern Larimer, and Jackson Counties SC No Reptiles Triploid Checkered Whiptail Cnemidophorus neotesselatus Hillsides, arroyos, and canyons associated with the Arkansas River valley SC No Midget Faded Rattlesnake Crotalus viridis concolor Semi-arid shrublands and rocky arroyos in lower elevations in western Colorado SC Yes Longnose Leopard lizard Gambelia wislizenii Flat or gently sloping shrublands and desert plains in western Colorado along the Utah border SC No Yellow Mud Turtle Kinosternon flavescens Permanent and intermittent streams, ponds and marshes bordering grasslands and sand hills in eastern Colorado SC No Common King Snake Lampropeltis getula Low elevation, semi desert shrublands near waterways in extreme southwest and southeast Colorado SC No Texas Blind Snake Leptotyphlops dulcis Canyon slopes and bottoms in pinyon/juniper and shrub habitats in extreme southeastern Colorado SC No Texas horned lizard Phrynosoma cornutum Plains grassland with large patches of bare ground in southeastern Colorado SC No Roundtail Horned lizard Phrynosoma modestum Dry grasslands and shrubland in southeastern Colorado SC No Massasauga Sistrurus catenatus Dry plains grassland and sand hill areas with sandy soils in southeastern Colorado SC No Common Garter Snake Thamnophis sirtalis Wetlands and aquatic and riparian habitats in northeastern Colorado SC No Mollusks Rocky Mountain Capshell Acroloxus coloradensis Cold water lakes in mid-to-low elevations with high amounts of calcium and other ions; occurs in north central Colorado SC No Cylindrical Papershell Anodontoides ferussacianus Headwater creeks and streams with silty/muddy substrates in Boulder County SC No FE= Federally Endangered, FT=Federally Threatened, SE=State Endangered, ST=State Threatened, SC= State Special Concern (not a statutory category) Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 12 3.5.2 Raptors, Birds of Conservation Concern, Migratory, and Non-Migratory Birds Olsson evaluated the site for raptor species that could potentially occur in the area (Andrews & Righter 1992, Kingery 1998, and Righter et al. 2004, CPW NDIS 2013). Olsson conducted a habitat survey on November 4, 2014 to determine if any potential raptor nesting habitat was present. The typical raptor nesting season occurs from late February-August 15, depending on the species. In addition to raptors, Olsson evaluated the site for bird species which could potentially be affected by the proposed laydown yard. Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) have been identified by the USFWS for priority conservation management in an attempt to prevent or remove the need to list additional species under the Endangered Species Act (USFWS 2008). A literature review was conducted to identify the potential presence of BCC species that could occur in mixed grasslands/shrublands habitat near the site (Table 5). Table 5. Raptors, Birds of Conservation Concern, Migratory and Non-migratory Bird Species Potentially in Project Area Common Name Scientific Name Preferred Habitat BCC Brewer’s Sparrow Spizella breweri Primarily nests in sagebrush shrublands but may occasionally nest in greasewood and rabbitbrush or other shrublands in desert valleys. During migration may use a variety of riparian and desert shrubs. No Sage thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus Primarily nests in sagebrush and at low elevations may nest in greasewood, shadscale saltbush, fourwing saltbush and rubber rabbitbrush intermixed with sagebrush. May nest in mountain mahogany or serviceberry at higher elevations. No The site has been cleared of all vegetation from the previous disturbance of the F29 gas well pad; therefore, the site does not provide suitable nesting habitat for most species. Habitat surrounding the proposed laydown yard may provide potential foraging habitat for raptors and nesting and foraging habitat for various, migratory and non-migratory bird species. 3.5.3 Species Considered The following wildlife species have either habitat or mapped habitat within or adjacent to the project area and/or may be affected by the proposed laydown yard:  Cutthroat trout  Midget faded rattlesnake  American Peregrine Falcon  Elk and Mule Deer  Black Bear  Wild Turkey Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 13 3.1.1.1 Cutthroat trout Native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) inhabit clear, cold headwater streams with naturally fluctuating flows and low levels of fine sediment in western North America. In recent years, populations have declined due to the introduction of non-native fish species and habitat degradation (Young 1995). There are two subspecies that are currently found to inhabit streams in western Colorado, the Colorado River cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus) and the greenback cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki stomias). Historically, the greenback cutthroat trout was found to occur on the eastern slope within the South Platte River and Arkansas River drainages but recent genetic testing has determined that they are present on the western slope of Colorado (Metcalf et al. 2007). At this time, native cutthroat trout may have habitat downstream of the project area. The COGCC Restricted Surface Occupancy (RSO) GIS data shows mapped aquatic designated critical cutthroat trout habitat, designated by the CPW, for East Parachute Creek. This perennial stream is located adjacent to the main access road below the site (see Figure 2). 3.1.1.2 Midget faded rattlesnake The midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis concolor) is found to occur only in southwest Wyoming, western Colorado and eastern Utah within the Green River Formation of the Colorado Plateau. Their range is limited by geology as they require exposed rocky outcrops and ledges with southern exposure that are characteristic of the Green River formation for denning habitat (Douglas et al. 2002). The Green River Formation is a unique geological formation that is a result of three prehistoric lakes that dried up 40-50 million years ago. Many prehistoric and modern rivers have cut through the strata exposing a matrix of rock outcrops throughout the formation. The midge faded rattlesnake typically lives below 7,000 feet. Populations are patchy and dependent on suitable denning and foraging habitat. They will migrate from denning habitat during the summer active season and move to foraging/mating areas which may include shrub vegetation and riparian areas. Canyon draws may often be used as movement corridors between den sites and foraging areas (Travsky and Beauvais 2004). The project area is located within the Green River formation and is below rocky outcrops, potential suitable habitat may be adjacent to the project area. 3.1.1.3 American peregrine falcon Peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus anatum) inhabit open spaces usually associated with high cliffs and bluffs near water, and they may forage over nearby habitats. They mostly occur in canyons along the Yampa, Colorado, Green, and Dolores rivers. Other aeries are scattered throughout the region. In winter, they frequent riparian areas and urban areas (Kingery 1998, and Righter et al. 2004). The project area is within CPW mapped peregrine falcon potential nesting area. There are no known nests within the project area. The nearest known occupied nesting habitats are north/northeast of the Grand hogback, however, there are numerous cliffs in the general area of the Roan Plateau. 3.1.1.4 American elk and mule deer Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) utilize montane forests and pinyon-juniper woodlands with good shrub understory during winter. They rely on sagebrush and shrubs as their primary food source. Mule deer may utilize the habitat surrounding the site for wintering grounds and will migrate up to higher elevations in the spring (Fitzgerald et al. 1994). Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 14 Elk (Cervus elaphus) are found in semi-open forests or forest edges adjacent to parks, meadows, and alpine tundra and rely primarily on available grasses and browse for food (Fitzgerald et al. 1994). Elk prefer areas that are less disturbed and generally prefer areas away from roads (Fitzgerald et al. 1994). The proposed laydown yard is located within CPW Game Management Unit (GMU) 32 and Data Analysis Units (DAU) D-41 and E-10. The site location does not occur within CPW mapped migration corridors or wildlife habitat linkages for either species. The site occurs within CPW mapped elk Overall Range, Winter Range, and is just outside Winter Concentration Area, and mule deer Overall Range, Winter Range and is just outside Summer Range see (Figures 3 and 4). During 2014, no elk or mule deer sign was noted during the survey. 3.1.1.5 Black bear Black bear are omnivorous and their diet depends largely on what kinds of food are seasonally available, although their mainstay is vegetation (Fitzgerald et al. 1994). Black bears will eat a diversity of forbs, berries, insects and termites, and may also kill a variety of small mammals including rabbits and rodents (Fitzgerald et al. 1994). No signs of black bear were noted during the survey. The project area occurs within mapped CPW-NDIS black bear (Ursus americanus) Overall Range. 3.1.1.6 Wild turkey Wild turkeys inhabit pinyon-juniper woodlands, ponderosa pine, Gambel oak, and mixed conifer habitats. Some species are found to occur within riparian groves of cottonwood (Righter et al. 2004). Preferred nesting habitat is generally in open areas adjacent to woodlands with a large amount of nesting cover from grasses and/or shrubs that conceal the ground nests. No wild turkey sign was observed during the survey. The project area is located within wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Overall Range, Production Range, and falls just outside of the boundary of Winter Range (CPW-NDIS 2013). Photo of habitat on west end F29 laydown yard site Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 15 4.0 SECTION 4-203.G (6)(A) DETERMINATION OF THE LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM EFFECT ON FLORA AND FAUNA 4.1 Flora The continued use and redevelopment of the existing laydown yard would not adversely affect federally listed plant species. No additional vegetation removal or new impact to potential habitats are associated with the laydown yard. Vegetation communities and conditions will not be affected on a long or short term basis and would remain in their present condition. At this time, it is recommended that noxious weed management be focused on preventing the spread of Redstem filaree, and to prevent any new weed infestations. Please reference Colorado Noxious Weed and Garfield County Weed Lists. As outlined in Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Weed Management Effort Summary, the above mentioned weed conditions will be assessed on an individual basis, such that the best, site- specific weed management techniques may be executed. 4.2 Fauna 4.2.1 Federal and Colorado State Listed Threatened, Endangered, Candidate, and Sensitive Wildlife Species The continued use of the existing site as a laydown yard would not adversely affect federally listed wildlife species due to the lack of suitable habitat within or surrounding the project area. No federally designated critical habitat occurs within or near the site. Colorado State listed Threatened, Endangered or Sensitive wildlife species would not be impacted by the proposed laydown yard due to the lack of suitable habitat available for those species within or surrounding the proposed project area. Those species that were further analyzed that may be potentially impacted by the project area or had habitat within or near the site are discussed below. 4.2.1.1 Cutthroat trout Direct and indirect impacts to cutthroat trout habitat would be very minimal as the East Parachute creek is not within the project area but below the steep slope of the laydown yard. There is potential for mobilization of sediments with increased road use and site use, but given Encana’s proposed use of Best Management Practices (BMP) and implementation of their Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP), only minimal impacts would likely occur beyond background fine sediment generation. Fine sediments can affect macroinvertebrate species composition and impact spawning habitat for fish, but these sediments are not anticipated to reach any cutthroat trout occupied habitats. It is unlikely that any spills would occur at the laydown yard as the site is only used for storage, but in the event of spills associated with equipment on the laydown yard site or from accidents transporting equipment, Encana’s BMPs and SWMP would prevent substantial impacts to streams surrounding the laydown yard, and Encana would treat any spill as an emergency and would promptly clean it up. Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 16 Figure 2: Designated cutthroat habitat Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 17 4.2.1.2 Midget faded rattlesnake No direct impacts to the midget faded rattlesnake habitats would occur. It is possible that increased traffic on roads may potentially impact individuals as they migrate to and from denning sites and hibernacula but would not likely impact populations. Known distribution and populations are limited, and it is unlikely, due to the high use of the project area, that direct impacts to midget faded rattlesnakes would occur. 4.2.1.3 American peregrine falcon Impacts to peregrine falcons would be minimal as no known nesting sites are within the project area, but potential nesting habitat is available surrounding the site. Loud noises and human activities at the site during the breeding and nesting season may have limited indirect impacts on habitat effectiveness around the site, possibly reducing the suitability or effectiveness for nesting activities within the cliffs surrounding the site. As previously mentioned, a lack of suitable nesting habitat in proximity to the pad limits the amount of potential impacts. Foraging and other habitat use would likely continue within adjacent habitats, as available. 4.2.6 American elk and deer The existing site is absent of any vegetation, and no additional direct impacts to elk or deer habitats would occur. Elk and deer may be indirectly impacted during the winter months by increased noise and human presence, and increased traffic along the access road, which may cause elk and deer to avoid this area during certain times of day or during times of more intense human activities. The winter months are a critical time of year for big game species, when deer and elk are more likely to be utilizing lower elevations and disturbance can have a larger relative impact due to poor foraging opportunities and already stressed animals. Intensive use of the laydown yard during the winter months may force deer and elk away from the area, which could increase energy expenditures for the individuals impacted. During the summer and fall months most deer and elk are at higher elevation habitats, and therefore use of the site outside of the winter would likely have no impact on deer or elk. The use of the laydown yard would not block or impede migration corridors for elk or mule deer. Long-term, reclamation of the site is recommended in order to improve winter range habitat effectiveness in the area. 4.2.7 Black bear Impacts to bear or bear habitat would be minor or insignificant as the laydown yard does not provide suitable habitat for bear. Bear may use the area around the site and may move through the area but their use of the area would likely be temporary and transitory in nature. Bear have become a significant wildlife management issue in the State of Colorado as they are supplementing their diet by raiding garbage cans and breaking into homes in search of food. 4.2.8 Wild turkey There would be no impact to suitable habitats for wild turkey, as there is no new construction or vegetation removal as a result of the project; however, potential indirect impacts from increased road use, noise, and human presence may limit turkey use of the area. Production habitat would not be impacted by this project as vegetative cover or preferred nesting habitat is lacking within or adjacent to the project area. Turkey would likely avoid some habitats near more heavily used roads, thus seeing a reduction in habitat effectiveness in the area. Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 18 Figure 3: Elk Winter Ranges Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 19 Figure 4: Mule Deer Habitat Designations Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 20 4.3 Raptors, Birds of Conservation Concern, Migratory and Non-Migratory Birds No additional vegetation removal would be associated with the proposed laydown yard, therefore no suitable raptor, BCC, or other migratory or non-migratory bird species nesting habitat would be impacted. Long- or short-term effects related to the project area would be minimal due to the area being previously disturbed from activities associated with the operation and maintenance of the existing oil and gas well pad and storage yard, and a lack of suitable nesting habitat in proximity to the site. Loud noises and human activities at the site during the breeding and nesting season may have limited indirect impacts on habitat effectiveness around the pad site, possibly reducing the suitability or effectiveness for nesting activities in the native shrubland habitats; but as mentioned, a lack of suitable nesting habitat in proximity to the pad limits the amount of potential impacts. Foraging and other habitat use would likely continue within adjacent habitats, as available. 5.0 SECTION 4-203.G (6)(B) DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT ON DESIGNATED ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES CRITICAL WILDLIFE HABITAT The F29 Laydown Yard is not expected to affect any critical habitat for any wildlife species, as no federally designated critical habitat or species were identified within or near the site. According to the CPW GIS data, the project area occurs within Overall Range and Winter Range, for both mule deer and elk and Winter Concentration Area for elk. No additional vegetation removal or new construction is associated with the site that would further decrease habitat. The site would not impede any natural migration or movement through the area, but use of the site during the winter months may temporarily cause animals to avoid habitats around the site. Given the limited size and temporary nature of activities associated with laydown yard use, these impacts would likely be short-term in nature, and no measureable impact to mule deer or elk herds would be expected from this project. Activities in the winter months would have a relatively larger potential effect given the condition of animals in the winter months, and reduced availability of forage and security habitats. As mentioned, some individual animals may be indirectly impacted by moving away from the site, but no significant impacts to herds, or long- term impacts to critical wildlife habitat would be expected. 6.0 SECTION 4-203.G (6)(C) IMPACTS ON WILDLIFE AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS The laydown yard would not create hazardous attractions to avian or mammalian wildlife species or domestic animals, alter additional native vegetation, block migration routes, or cause a change in habitat use. Wildlife species may be indirectly impacted by increased noise and human presence while equipment is being transferred along local roads and the laydown yard is being accessed. Use of habitats by wildlife would still likely occur on or adjacent to the storage yard site during the nighttime hours, and during times when there are no human activities at the laydown yard. The majority of the species occurring within the area have widespread habitats; therefore, most wildlife species that may be indirectly affected would have other habitats in the greater area that are still available for foraging, reproduction, dispersal and shelter. The proposed project may impact individuals indirectly but would not likely impact populations. No impacts to domestic animals would be expected. Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 21 7.0 SECTION 7-202 MITIGATION OF WILDLIFE HABITATS There would be no direct loss of wildlife habitat from a change in use of the site. At this time, there are no additional wildlife recommendations for seasonal restrictions, mitigations or special requirements due to the previous disturbance of the existing oil and gas pad. Ongoing noxious weed management will be required to maintain existing vegetation and wildlife habitat quality, and to control any spread of existing noxious weeds. If larger elk or deer herds begin to congregate around the site during the winter months, Encana should consider consulting with CPW to minimize potential impacts to wintering big game species. The current permitted oil and gas pad is covered by a SWMP and will have a new Grading and Drainage plan as part of the laydown yard permit package. These mitigation measures should protect and mitigate stormwater drainage or runoff issues from the storage yard that could impact designated cutthroat trout habitat. Furthermore, mitigation measures included in the standard operating procedures for oil and gas projects will be considered and implemented by the operator. Wildlife and Vegetation Assessment for F29 Laydown Yard Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. 014-2796 December 8, 2014 22 8.0 GENERAL REFERENCES AND LITERATURE CITED Andrews, R., and R. Righter. 1992. Colorado Birds: A Reference to Their Distribution and Habitat. Denver Museum of Natural History. Denver. Behnke, R.J. 1992. Greenback cutthroat trout. pp. 146-148 in Native trout of western North America. American Fisheries Society Monograph 6, Bethesda, Maryland. 275 pp. Colorado Bat Working Group 2014. Online website sponsored by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins CO. 80523. Accessed on November 19, 2014. http://www.cnhp.colostate.edu/teams/zoology/cbwg/index.asp CPW-NDIS. 2013. Colorado Parks and Wildlife Natural Diversity Information Source-. http://ndis.nrel.colostate.edu/wildlife.asp. Accessed on September 6, 2013 (http://www.arcgis.com/home/search.html?q=Colorado%20Parks%20and%20Wildlife&t=groups ). CWMA. 2013 A. Doran, S. Anthony, C. Shelton. Noxious Weeds of Colorado, Eleventh Edition. Colorado Weed Management Association, Centennial. Douglas, M.E., M.R. Douglas, G.W. Schuett, L.W. Porras, and A.T. Holycross. 2002. Phylogeography of the western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) complex, with emphasis on the Colorado Plateau. Pages 11-50 in G.W. Schuett, M. Hoggren, M.E. Douglas, and H.W. Greene (editors). Biology of the Vipers.Eagle Mountain Publishing, Company. Fitzgerald, J.P.; C. A. Meaney; D.M. Armstrong. 1994. Mammals of Colorado. Denver Museum of Natural History. Denver. Kingery, H. E. 1998. Colorado Breeding Bird Atlas. Colorado Bird Atlas Partnership, Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver. Metcalf, J.L., V. Pritchard, S. Silvestri, J. Jenkins, J. Wood, D. Cowley, R. Evans, D. Shiozawa, A. Martin. 2007. Across the great divide: genetic forensics reveals misidentification of endangered cutthroat trout populations. Molecular Ecology (2007). 10pp. Orianne Society 2014. Midget Faded Rattlesnake Fact Sheet and webpage. Accesses on December 4, 2014. http://www.oriannesociety.org/sites/default/files/fact- sheets/Midget%20Faded%20Rattlesnake%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf Righter, R., R. Levad, C. Dexter, and K. Potter. 2004. Birds of Western Colorado Plateau and Mesa Country. Grand Valley Audubon Society, Grand Junction. Travsky, A. and G.P. Beauvais. 2004. Species Assessment for the Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis concolor) in Wyoming. U.S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming State Office. Cheyenne, WY. USFWS. 2008. Birds of Conservation Concern 2008. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington, Virginia. USFWS. 2014. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Information, Planning, and Conservation System. Endangered Species List – Western Colorado Ecological Services Field Office County List. Accessed November 18, 2014. Available online: http://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/wizard/chooseLocation!prepare.action Weber, William A., and Ronald C. Wittman. 2012 Colorado Flora, Western Slope. Third Edition, University Press of Colorado, Boulder. Whitson, T.D. (editor), L.C. Burrill, S.A. Dewey, D.W. Cudney, B.E. Nelson, R.D. Lee, and R. Parker. 2001. Weeds of the West – 9th edition. Western Society of Weed Science in cooperation with Cooperative Extension Services, University of Wyoming, Laramie. Young, M. K., tech. ed. 1995. Conservation assessment for inland cutthroat trout. General Technical Report RM-256. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 61pp. Article 4-203.G.7 Fugitive Dust Control Plan Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 - 1 - ENCANA U.S.A. Inc. Fugitive Dust Control Plan Piceance Basin Natural Gas Development Projects Piceance Unit Scope The scope of these guidelines is to outline some basic principles to minimize and control fugitive dust emissions during land development. Requirements Encana places the highest priority on the health and safety of our workforce and protection of our assets and the environment. Applicable Documents Department of Public Health and Environment Air Quality Control Commission Regulation 1 5CCR 1001-3 Quality These guidelines will be reviewed periodically and will be shared with employees and contractors to ensure that they have adequate knowledge to minimize fugitive dust emissions. 1.0 Introduction Land development activities, including clearing, excavating, and grading, release fugitive dust, a pollutant regulated by the Air Pollution Control Division (Division) at the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. However, small land development activities that are less than 25 contiguous acres and less than 6 months in duration do not need to report air emissions to the Division, but must use appropriate control measures to minimize the release of fugitive dust from the site. This Fugitive Dust Control Plan addresses how dust will be kept to a minimum at the Encana’s Project sites. This plan focuses action on: 1. Identifying specific individual sources of fugitive dust. 2. Control options for unpaved roadways. 3. Control options for disturbed areas. 4. Control options for transport, storage and handling of bulk materials. 5. Contingency Plan for alternative action in the event that control strategies are not adequate, effective, or practicable. . - 2 - 2.0 Specific Sources Specific types of fugitive dust sources may appear to have negligible dust emissions, but when combined with other specific sources underway at the same time can create dust plumes that are visible beyond that which is appropriate for designated speeds and designs and may exceed nuisance emission limitation guidelines. It is important to consider all activities on the site together in determining compliance with federal, state, and local air quality regulations. Task: Provide field personnel and contractors with the information required to limit fugitive particulate matter (fugitive dust) from all specific sources to include: • Unpaved Roadways and traffic areas. • Construction activities including Earth Moving and excavation. • Bulk Material (i.e. gravel and soils). • Storage and handling of materials 3.0 Control Options for Unpaved Roadways Any owner or operator responsible for construction or maintenance of any (existing or new) unpaved roadway is required to use all available, practical methods to minimize dust emissions: Task: Provide guidelines for minimizing fugitive dust emissions from all specific sources on unpaved roadwa ys and traffic areas: • Require that all passenger vehicles, construction equipment, and truck traffic obey the posted speed limits on all unpaved County roads to and from the project site. • Ensure that vehicle speeds on new and existing access roads on the project site do not exceed 15 miles per hour by posting speed limits along these roads. • Restrict vehicle traffic to existing roads by posting signs and/or providing the locations of allowable access routes to all field personnel and visitors. • Encourage carpooling to and from the project site to limit traffic on existing County roads. • Roads and well locations will be surfaced with compacted gravel to protect against wind erosion, to reduce the amount of fugitive dust generated by traffic and other activities, and to reduce carryout/trackout. • Use dust inhibitors (surfacing materials, water, or non-saline dust suppressants) on all unpaved collector, local, and resource roads to prevent fugitive dust problems (ensure that any dust suppressants used are appropriate for road conditions and will not compromise the safety of workers on the project site). • Restrict vehicular access during periods of inactivity using gates, fencing, and/or onsite security personnel. 4.0 Control Options for Disturbed Areas Disturbed areas include new roads, well pads, parking and staging areas, and materials storage areas that have been cleared of vegetation, leveled, or excavated. These areas are susceptible to wind erosion and are a major source of fugitive dust emissions that require the appropriate controls and dust mitigation methods. Note that specific sources are subject to change as project conditions change, and will require an evaluation of current control options to ensure effectiveness and practicality. - 3 - Task: Limit the adverse impacts of fugitive dust emissions through control measures and operational procedures designed so that no off-property transport emissions occur at the project site: • Ensure that land clearing, grading, earthmoving, and excavation activities are suspended when wind speeds exceed a sustained velocity of 20 miles per hour. • Surface all bare ground with gravel as soon as practicable after clearing, leveling, and grading. • Use dust inhibitors (surfacing materials, water, or non-saline dust suppressants) on all disturbed areas as necessary to prevent fugitive dust problems. • Identify the water source to be used for dust suppression, and ensure that contract water haulers are available when needed. • Reduce the amount of time between initially disturbing the soil and revegetating or other surface stabilization. • Apply vegetative or synthetic cover to topsoil and spoil piles as soon as practicable following stockpiling to prevent wind erosion and fugitive dust emissions. • Compact the soil on disturbed areas that will not be surfaced with gravel or revegetated immediately following construction. • Minimize surface disturbance to only that necessary for safe and efficient construction and operations. • Use vegetative mulch, reseeding, or other methods of surface stabilization on all areas adjoining development to include shoulders, borrow ditches, and berms if practical. • Restrict vehicular access during periods of inactivity using gates, fencing, and/or onsite security personnel. • Identify any new sources of fugitive dust emissions and evaluate and implement the appropriate control methods for that source. • Incorporate fugitive dust controls in all lands projects. 5.0 Control Options for Transport, Storage and Handling of Bulk Materials Transporting bulk materials, such as gravel and fill material, can result in off-property dust emissions and other impacts (i.e. broken windshields) over some distance if the appropriate control measures are not implemented. Storage and handling of bulk materials once they arrive at the project site also requires that controls are in place to ensure that these materials do not exceed regulated nuisance dust emissions. Task: Use control measures and operational procedures designed so that no off-property transport emissions occur along public roadways to and from the project site: • Enclose, cover, water, or otherwise treat loaded haul trucks to minimize the loss of material to wind and spillage. • Require that all contract haul vehicles obey the posted speed limits on all public roadways to and from the project site. • Ensure that haul truck speeds on new and existing access roads on the project site do not exceed 15 miles per hour by posting speed limits along these roads. • Restrict haul trucks to existing roads and pad locations. • Do not attempt to load/unload haul trucks when wind speeds exceed a sustained velocity of 20 miles per hour. • Promptly remove dust-forming material from haul trucks to minimize entrainment of fugitive particulate matter. • Avoid storage and handling of bulk material any more than necessary to complete construction. • Use covers, enclosures, wind breaks, or watering to prevent fugitive dust emissions from material storage piles • Restrict access to construction areas and storage piles during periods of inactivity using gates, fencing, and/or onsite security personnel. - 4 - 6.0 Contingency Planning Alternative control measures may become necessary in the event that the current dust control strategy is not adequate or effective for conditions. An alternative plan may require addition planning, permitting, or other regulatory compliance requirements to implement. In this case, the current activities at the project site would necessarily be suspended until such time as the alternate dust control methods could be put into place. Task: Implement alternative action to fugitive dust control plan and to each specific source if deemed necessary to comply with federal, state, and local air quality regulations: • Provide field personnel and contractors with contact information for responsible individuals in cases where control measures need to be escalated in response to weather conditions (i.e. increased windiness). • Use an appropriate alternative dust inhibitor if water does not prove to be effective under normal circumstances, and obtain all regulatory permissions for the use of chemical suppressants on the project site. • Use vegetative blankets or other methods for cover of topsoil, spoil, and bulk material storage piles if immediate cover becomes necessary. • Attempt to locate alternative sources of bulk material closer to the project site if fugitive dust emissions or other impacts from contract haul trucks on state or federal highways become an issue with public safety or regulatory compliance. - 5 - Appendix A Contacts - 6 - ENCANA PERSONNEL Name Title Office Cell CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION Article 4-203.L Traffic Study Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 BASIC TRAFFIC ANALYSIS ENCANA OIL & GAS F29 LAYDOWN YARD GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO OA Project No. 014-2796 January 2015 760 Horizon Dr., Suite 102 | Grand Junction, CO 81506 | 970.263.7800 | Fax 970.263.7456 F29 Laydown Yard January 2015 Encana Oil & Gas Basic Traffic Analysis Page 1 INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVE This Basic Traffic Analysis summarizes findings of a traffic impact analysis performed for the Encana Oil & Gas Laydown Yard. The current permitted use of the site is as a well pad. Although the site is being used for some equipment storage today, the laydown yard is proposed to be an additional use on the property. The proposed laydown yard will be used to store equipment and material associated with natural gas operations. It is expected that the lifespan of the site will be approximately 30 years. The site is approximately 14.5 travel miles north of Parachute, CO. The facility is located in the southeast ¼ of the northwest ¼ of Section 29, Township 5 South, Range 95 West of the 6th Principal Meridian in unincorporated Garfield County. The subject site encompasses approximately 2.68 acres. The property is owned and operated by Encana Oil & Gas. The objective of this analysis is to provide traffic data for the additional land use, review the existing road network, and provide traffic projections for public roads impacted by site traffic. EXISTING ROAD NETWORK Regional trips to this facility will use the I-70 exit at Parachute, Colorado. Vehicles traveling to the site will drive north along CR 215 (Parachute Creek Road) for approximately 10.5 miles to the Encana Guard Shack, then east approximately three miles along an Encana private access road, followed by making a left-turn to travel west along the private road for another one mile to the site location. CR 215 is a four-lane roadway near the town of Parachute, CO that transitions to a two-lane roadway as vehicles travel north. It is an asphalt-paved roadway, currently in good condition based on 2002 Garfield County Road & Bridge inspections. The roadway is 40 feet wide and is classified as a local roadway with a posted speed limit of 35 mph. Annual daily traffic (ADT) counts provided by Garfield County show background 2014 volumes along CR 215 to be approximately 720 vehicles per day (vpd). The private road that splits off of CR 215 along the haul route is a gravel roadway that has a width of approximately 22 feet. F29 Laydown Yard January 2015 Encana Oil & Gas Basic Traffic Analysis Page 2 TRIP GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION Trip generation is generally determined using rates found in the ITE Trip Generation manual. Rates from this publication are applied to values related to the size of the proposed site to estimate the trips expected to enter and exit the site. In this case, no rates are provided for facilities similar to these. To estimate trips expected for this site, information was gathered regarding the expected traffic based on the existing operations. Existing vehicle activities during daily operations consist of one (1) pickup truck (two trips per day) for daily well inspections. Based on the new use of the site, it is expected that an additional two trips will visit the site daily. The site may also experience one additional heavy truck every two months. The pickup and heavy truck trips related to the storage use will store or remove materials that will be used in daily operations or during drilling and completing wells in the area. The majority of vehicles accessing this facility will originate from other activities in the immediate area. Many of the trips to this site occurring over the public road system are associated with the daily monitoring of the site and are likely accounted for in the background traffic projection. The same personnel, in fact, monitor multiple sites on a daily basis. The trips associated with the storage use will also originate from the surrounding natural gas operations in the general area. They would include existing trips that haul materials and equipment in and out of the greater field. These are trips that would now be contained within the general area. Aside from public roads in the immediate vicinity of the site, the storage use is not expected to generate additional traffic and has the potential to reduce traffic on some roadways by providing a place for extra materials and equipment that would otherwise be hauled in or out of the larger field. ROADWAY ANALYSIS Existing Parcel Current land use on the subject parcel is primarily natural gas development. The majority of existing traffic on CR 215 is related to natural gas development activities and very limited agricultural activities. F29 Laydown Yard January 2015 Encana Oil & Gas Basic Traffic Analysis Page 3 State Highway Crossings and Access The roadway access to this site does not cross any highway rights-of-way managed by the Colorado Department of Transportation. CR 215 is accessed directly from I-70 at Exit 75, in Parachute, Colorado. The ramp terminals at this grade-separated interchange are stop- controlled. Site distances are adequate in both directions at these ramp terminals. US Highway 6 intersects CR 215 approximately 375 feet northwest of the Parachute interchange. This is a two-way stop-controlled intersection with CR 215 as the major roadway. Railroad Crossings CR 215 crosses a main railroad line approximately 1.5 miles northwest of I-70. This rail line is generally used for the transport of freight, coal, and passenger rail traffic. This railroad crossing is at-grade and is equipped with gates and flashers. The roadway access to this site does not cross any other active railroad rights-of-way. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the expected trip generation rates discussed above, the increase in average daily traffic is not expected to be significant on roads generally used by the public. The county road discussed will see only a minor increase in traffic. The total traffic volumes will remain very low and can be accommodated by the existing roadway. Additionally, much of existing traffic on this road is associated with the natural gas industry. The addition of traffic generated by the proposed updated site use does not increase existing volumes to levels required for State or County permits. Attachments Vicinity Map and Haul Route Map LEGEND "' -Site Location -Haul Roule x.xxx -Background ADT Encana F29 L.aydown Yatri Gatfield County, CO I 1~1 -----------------------1 '-=I~ FIGURE OLSSON ® Vicinity Map and Haul Route ASSOCIATES 1 Article 4-203.M Water Supply and Distribution Plan Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 760 Horizon Drive, Suite 102 TEL 970.263.7800 Grand Junction, CO 81506 FAX 970.263.7456 www.olssonassociates.com Water Supply and Distribution Plan Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) SECTION 4-203.M. WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION PLAN. The Encana Energy F29 Storage Facility does not require potable water source for personnel or freshwater for sanitary facilities, landscaping or day to day operations of the facility. The operations of the facility will be similar to other natural gas operations in relatively remote areas of Garfield County. No potable water will be provided at this facility. The proposed use is an unmanned facility with personnel onsite only for short intervals. Personnel provide their own potable water carried in their vehicles. Encana makes potable water available at their field office to staff and contractors. Sanitary facilities will not require a source of water and will be provided by portable toilets located at numerous sites in the field per OSHA standards. Landscaping is not being proposed and a water system is not required to maintain any plantings. The storage facility does not use water in its daily operation. THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. Article 4-203.N Wastewater Management and System Plan Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 760 Horizon Drive, Suite 102 TEL 970.263.7800 Grand Junction, CO 81506 FAX 970.263.7456 www.olssonassociates.com Waste Management and System Plan Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility SECTION 4-203.N. WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AND SYSTEM PLAN. The operations of the facility will be similar to other natural gas operations in relatively remote areas of Garfield County. Staff will not be assigned to the facility on a regular basis. Personnel will be at the facility only for short periods of time. Workers will be loading and unloading materials and providing facility maintenance and inspections. Sanitary facilities are provided by portable toilets placed at numerous sites in the field per OSHA standards. These portable toilets are maintained by Redi Services of Rifle, Colorado. All waste is hauled to a licensed treatment facility. A “Will Serve” letter is provided documenting the maintenance of these sanitary facilities. SUBJECT: WILL SERVE LETIER COMPANY: Encana Oil and Gas LOCATIONS: All Locations Serviced REDI SERVICES, LLC 2143 AIRPORT RD. RIFLE, CO. 81650 970-625-0233 2/09/2015 Redi Services will provide Encana Oil and Gas with Porta John Units on designated locations Redi Services will service and maintain these units and dispose of the waste at an approved disposal site. At this time we are disposing of the waste at The West Garfield County Landfill. Thanks, Mario Ramirez Redi Services, LLC Trucking I Waste Management Manager This page left blank for two-sided printing. Article 7 Standards Analysis Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 760 Horizon Drive, Suite 102 TEL 970.263.7800 Grand Junction, CO 81506 FAX 970.263.7456 www.olssonassociates.com Article 7 – Standards Analysis Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) DIVISION 1. GENERAL APPROVAL STANDARDS FOR LAND USE CHANGE PERMITS SECTION 7-101. ZONE DISTRICT USE RESTRICTIONS The subject property is located in the Resource Lands (RL) zone district of Garfield County in the northeast ¼ of the northeast ¼ of Section 29 and the northwest ¼ of the northwest ¼ of Section 28, Township 5 South, Range 95 West of the 6th Prime Meridian. The proposed use is considered a Storage use according to Table 3-403: Use Table of the Garfield County Unified Land Use and Development Code. This use requires an Administrative Review to obtain a Land Use Change Permit (LUCP). SECTION 7-102. COMPREHENSIVE PLAN AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGREEMENTS The F29 Laydown Yard generally conforms to the Garfield County Comprehensive Plan. The site is designated in the Garfield County Comprehensive Plan 2030 as Agricultural Production/Natural with a residential density of 35+ acres per dwelling unit. According to the Comprehensive Plan, facilities that are appurtenances to oil/gas development activities (compressors, etc.) are considered appropriate in all land uses so long as they meet the respective mitigation requirements of the Land Use and Development Code to maintain compatibility with surrounding land uses. The existing use is not within an area governed by an intergovernmental agreement. SECTION 7-103. COMPATIBILITY The proposed site is located within the boundaries of a 26,442 acre property. The storage use would be limited to a 2.68 acre area. Natural gas development and agriculture are the predominate uses on the subject parcel and surrounding properties. There are no residential uses within 1500 feet of the proposed laydown yard. The proposed use is intended to provide a centralized and convenient storage location for the natural gas operations in the immediate area. This proposed use is compatible with and supportive of the adjacent uses. SECTION 7-104. SOURCE OF WATER A source of potable water will not be required for workers utilizing the site . This facility is not manned on a regular basis and does not require a water distribution and wastewater system to properly function. Workers will provide their own potable water in their trucks. Encana will provide personnel bottled or potable water at their field office. A source of water is not required for the Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Laydown Yard Standards Analysis Page 2 operation of the facility. The site will be used as a storage facility. Water will not be required for the operation of sanitary facilities. Portable toilets will be used, and all wastes will be hauled to a licensed treatment facility. W ater will not be required for landscaping. No landscaping is proposed at this site. SECTION 7-105. CENTRAL WATER DISTRIBUTION AND WASTEWATER SYSTEMS A. Water Distribution System As stated above, the proposed facility will not require a source of water or a central water distribution system. B. Wastewater Systems As stated above, the proposed facility will not require a centralized wastewater system. Portable toilets will be used and wastes will be hauled to a licensed disposal facility. SECTION 7-106. PUBLIC UTILITIES The facility will not require public utilities in order to operate. SECTION 7-107. ACCESS AND ROADWAYS A. Access to Public Right of Way No new roads are proposed to accommodate the additional storage use. Access to the subject property is from County Road (CR) 215 via a private road. The existing roadway and access are adequate for the anticipated low traffic volumes. Dust from the private road will be mitigated as appropriate. B. Safe Access The road functions adequately for its intended use and is typical of existing roads providing access to natural gas production facilities in Garfield County. C. Adequate Capacity The road functions adequately for its intended use and is typical of existing roads providing access to natural gas production facilities in Garfield County. See Traffic Analysis and Road Assessment reports included with this application for additional details. D. Road Dedications The access road is entirely on private land owned by Encana and does not require a dedicated Right-of Way. All access to the parcel is controlled by Encana’s guard shack at the end of County Road 215. There is no public access beyond the guard shack. No new public roads are being built or dedicated as part of this project. Copies of ownership and access documentation of the pertinent parcels are included in the Deeds section of this submittal. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Laydown Yard Standards Analysis Page 3 E. Impacts Mitigated County roads will experience minor impacts from this project. The proposed storage use may actually reduce traffic impacts by limiting the need to haul equipment in and out of the area when it is needed. See the Traffic Analysis for further information. F. Design Standards The access driveway meets most of the Primitive Roadway/Driveway standards of Table 7- 107 of the Land Use and Development Code. The private access road does not meet the design standards for Right-of-Way, cross slope, or ditches. See Road Assessment report for more information. A Waiver of Standards request is being submitted as part of this submittal. SECTION 7-108. USE OF LAND SUBJECT TO NATURAL HAZARDS According to the Natural and Geological Hazard Assessment Report the project area is not subject to hazards from avalanche, rock fall, alluvial fans, mud flow or debris fans, corrosive or expansive soils, collapsible soils, faults, or radiation. The site is located on retorted oil shale mine tailings and in an area known for rock slides. Given the proposed storage use, these hazards can be mitigated through appropriate design, engineering, and construction. SECTION 7-109. FIRE PROTECTION Encana makes their Emergency Response Plan available to the appropriate fire protection district. If requested, Encana will orientate the appropriate fire protection district regarding this facility. DIVISION 2. GENERAL RESOURCE PROTECTION STANDARDS SECTION 7-201. AGRICULTURAL LANDS A. No Adverse Affect to Agricultural Operations The proposed use will not directly affect any agricultural operation. B. Domestic Animal Controls Dogs and other domestic animals will not be permitted on the property or allowed to interfere with livestock. C. Fences The site will not be fenced. D. Roads No new roads will be constructed to access this facility, and the existing road will be maintained. E. Irrigation Ditches The proposed use will not impact irrigation ditches. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Laydown Yard Standards Analysis Page 4 SECTION 7-202. WILDLIFE HABITAT AREAS A. Buffers Visual or sound buffers are not necessary to screen activity areas from habitat areas. According to the Wildlife Assessment accompanying this submittal, it is not likely that the proposed laydown yard would adversely affect federally listed wildlife species. No additional vegetation removal is associated with the laydown yard, since it was previously disturbed. As noted in the Wildlife Assessment, the project site was surveyed for the potential habitat for the greater sage grouse. No potential habitat exists in the area for the greater sage grouse. The greater sage grouse inhabits vast, continuous sagebrush communities. B. Locational Controls of Land Disturbance The project area is currently disturbed. No additional wildlife habitat disturbance will occur. According to the Biological Assessment the site is within CPW Game Management Unit 32 and Data Analysis Units D-41 and E-10. The site does not occur within CPW mapped migration corridors or habitat linkages for elk or deer. The site occurs within CPW mapped elk Overall Range, Winter Range, and just outside Winter Concentration Area; and mule deer Overall Range, Winter Range, and just outside Summer Range. C. Preservation of Native Vegetation The site will be reclaimed after the facility is no longer utilized and will be revegetated with native plant species. Noxious weeds will be controlled during the life of the facility and during the re-establishment of native plants. D. Habitat Compensation No critical wildlife habitat will be disturbed at this site. E. Domestic Animal Controls Domestic animals will not be kept on the site. SECTION 7-203. PROTECTION OF WATERBODIES A. Minimum Setback The proposed laydown yard is located approximately 725 feet north of East Parachute Creek. Several intermittent drainages exist within one mile of the proposed project site. The project area will be more than 35 feet from the Typical and Ordinary High Water elevation of this stream. B. Structures Permitted in Setback There will not be any structures located in this setback area. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Laydown Yard Standards Analysis Page 5 C. Structures and Activity Prohibited in Setback There will not be any structures or activities located in the buffer zone. D. Compliance with State and Federal Laws The facility will comply with all applicable state and federal laws. SECTION 7-204. DRAINAGE AND EROSION The site is an existing disturbed surface area. Minor additional surface disturbance may be required to accommodate the Grading and Drainage Plan. BMPs will be used to protect water bodies from stormwater runoff during the operation of this facility. This facility is more than 100 feet from a water body, and it does not create more than 10,000 square feet of impervious area. SECTION 7-205. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY A. Air Quality This facility will not cause air quality to be reduced below acceptable levels established by the Colorado Air Pollution Control Division and will comply with appropriate Colorado air emissions regulations as applicable. The equipment and materials proposed to be stored on site will not require an APEN. B. Water Quality This facility will be operated in compliance with all applicable State and Federal hazardous material regulations. There will be no hazardous materials stored at this proposed site. Implementation and adherence to Encana’s Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) BMPs and Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures Plan (SPCC) will assure that water quality is protected. SECTION 7-206. WILDFIRE HAZARDS A. Location Restrictions The site is in a moderately high wildfire hazard area according to the Garfield County on-line GIS map resources. F. Development Does Not Increase Potential Hazard The facility will not increase the potential intensity or duration of a wildfire, or adversely affect wildfire behavior or fuel composition. G. Roof Materials and Design No structures are being proposed. This standard is not applicable. SECTION 7-207. NATURAL AND GEOLOGIC HAZARDS A Natural and Geological Hazard Assessment Report is included with this application under a separate tab. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Laydown Yard Standards Analysis Page 6 A. Utilities Trenches for water pipelines, natural gas pipelines, and electrical lines are not expected to be associated with the proposed development of the F29 Storage Yard. The laydown yard will be used to store sections of pipe and equipment above grade for use elsewhere in the area and region. B. Development in Avalanche Hazard Areas Avalanches are not expected to affect the proposed F29 Storage Yard site, since it is located at an elevation of approximately 6,200 feet amsl. Areas in eastern Garfield County are at higher elevations, receive more snow pack, and are, therefore, more prone to avalanches in certain years. C. Development in Landslide Hazard Areas According to Map 24 – Surface Geology map, Geologic Hazards Identification Study, there are landslide areas shown to the southwest of County Road 215 northwest of the town of Parachute. The area north of town does not show the presence of landslides on the northeast side of County Road 215, but the map does not go far enough to show the site area. The site is located on mine tailings and a retort laydown pile constructed by Unocal, and is surrounded by very steep slopes along the East Fork of Parachute Creek. There is a potential for slides to occur in the area. D. Development in Rockfall Hazard Areas The site is located in an area with very steep slopes. Rock fall is a potential geologic hazard in the vicinity of the F29 Storage Yard. The site is located on shale oil retort mine tailings from the Long Ridge Mine. E. Development in Alluvial Fan Hazard Area The site is not located in an area that is mapped as being in an alluvial fan hazard area according to the Garfield County Surficial Geology, 2007. The site is located on the lower part of the Green River Formation (Symbol Tgg) overlooking the East Fork of Parachute Creek Quaternary alluvium (Symbol Qa), according to the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Forked Gulch Quadrangle. The site is located on the retort laydown pile of shale oil mine tailings from the Long Ridge Mine. F. Slope Development The Rock outcrop – Torriorthents complex soils (Map Unit 62) are found on very steep slopes, and slope is listed as a severe limitation for development on these soils. Engineering, design, and construction practices of the proposed development are expected to mitigate the limitation of slopes at the site since the site is located within an area developed for other land uses, including development of natural gas well pads. The site may require mitigation for slope, and will be graded and constructed for this purpose. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Laydown Yard Standards Analysis Page 7 G. Development on Corrosive or Expansive Soils and Rock According to the Soil Survey of the Rifle Area, the Rock outcrop – Torriorthents complex soils are not discussed in the engineering and soil characteristics tables at the back of the NRCS Soil Survey of the Rifle Area, Colorado. The Nihill (Map unit 47) soils formed along the East Fork of Parachute Creek have a high risk of corrosion for uncoated steel, the risk for corrosion of concrete is listed as low. The composition and behavior characteristics for the Rock outcrop and Torriorthents complex is provided in the description of the map unit. Some Tertiary and Cretaceous age sedimentary rocks with high clay content are capable of accepting water into their chemical structure and expanding many times their volume when dry. These sedimentary rocks and soils formed from these rock types, may expand or contract as they become wet and then dry out resulting in damage to structures built upon them. The Rock outcrop – Torriorthents complex soils do not have a high shrink-swell potential and are not considered expansive soils. There is not a potential for expansive rock or soils in the area of the proposed F29 Storage Yard site. H. Development in Mudflow Areas The site is not located in an area of mapped mud flow and debris fan areas, but is located on retorted mine tailings. The laydown area could be susceptible to erosion if surface vegetation outside the boundaries of the proposed facility is disturbed or if stormwater run-on from the slopes above the site or if runoff from the site are not controlled. There is an intermittent drainage shown on the topographic map that runs down the side of the gulch and across the bench formed by the retort laydown area to the East Fork of Parachute Creek. I. Development Over Faults There are no major faults shown in the Grand Valley area on the Geologic and Structure Map of the Grand Junction Quadrangle, Colorado and Utah. There are no mapped faults shown on the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Forked Gulch Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado in the immediate vicinity of the site. SECTION 7-208. RECLAMATION After the completion of Encana’s natural gas production in the area, the facility will be decommissioned and reclaimed in accordance with the reclamation plan provided in this submittal and COGCC Series 1000 Rules. All of Encana’s surface disturbances (final reclamation requirements) are covered under a statewide bond held by the COGCC. A copy of Encana’s Blanket Surface Bond #2009-011 is included in the Reclamation Plan section of this submittal. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Laydown Yard Standards Analysis Page 8 DIVISION 3. SITE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS SECTION 7-301. COMPATIBLE DESIGN A. Site Organization The site was designed to accommodate the functional and efficient operations, monitoring and maintenance of the facility. B. Operational Characteristics Operation of the proposed storage facility will be consistent with nearby uses. Adjacent lands will not be impacted by the generation of vapor, dust, smoke, glare, noise or vibration. Noise will not exceed the Residential/Agricultural/Rural standards established by the COGCC. The facility will be unmanned but accessible to Encana personnel 24 hours a day. There will be minimal impacts, if any, to the existing roadway system during the operational phase. C. Buffering The site and the surrounding properties areas located in the Resource Lands (RL) or Public Lands (PL) zone districts. Additional buffering is not required. D. Materials Buildings are not being proposed. This standard is not applicable. SECTION 7-302. OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING STANDARDS Adequate parking will be made available to accommodate Encana’s personnel during regular operation, inspection and maintenance of the facility. All activities on this site will be conducted out of any public right-of-way. SECTION 7-303. LANDSCAPING STANDARDS This type of industrial use is exempt from the landscape standards of the Development Code. SECTION 7-304. LIGHTING STANDARDS A. Downcast Lighting Any lighting will be directed inward, towards the interior of the site. B. Shielded Lighting Any exterior lighting will be shielded so as not to shine directly onto other properties. C. Hazardous Lighting Light from the site will not create a traffic hazard or be confused as traffic control devices. D. Flashing Lights The facility will not contain flashing lights. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Laydown Yard Standards Analysis Page 9 E. Height Limitations There will be no light sources exceeding 40 feet in height on the site. SECTION 7-305. SNOW STORAGE STANDARDS Snow will be stored in a vacant section of the existing disturbed area. SECTION 7-306. TRAIL AND WALKWAY STANDARDS The proposed site is located in a rural area of Garfield County. Multimodal connections are not appropriate or feasible. DIVISION 10. ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR INDUSTRIAL USES SECTION 7-1001. INDUSTRIAL USE A. Residential Subdivisions This site is not located in a platted residential subdivision. B. Setbacks The laydown yard will maintain at least a 100 foot setback from adjacent property lines. C. Concealing and Screening The site is concealed from neighboring properties by a combination of topography and distance. The majority of equipment and materials stored on site will be low-profile in nature. D. Storing The site is not in a flood zone or other natural hazard zone that would transfer the materials off site. All products will be stored according to all national, state and local codes. The laydown yard will maintain at least a 100 foot setback from adjacent property lines. E. Industrial Wastes All industrial wastes will be disposed of in a manner consistent with Federal and State statures and requirements of the CDPHE. F. Noise Noise levels will not exceed state noise standards pursuant to C.R.S., Article 12, Title 25. The applicable noise standard is the Residential/Agricultural/Rural noise standards. No permanent equipment that will produce noise will be stored at or be part of the laydown yard. The only potential noise sources will be vehicles that come to the site to deliver or pickup materials that are stored there. G. Ground Vibration This facility will not generate ground vibrations perceptible beyond the boundary line of the property. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Laydown Yard Standards Analysis Page 10 H. Hours of Operation The facility will not generate noise, odors, or glare beyond the property boundaries greater than what is allowed under the Land Use Development Code. Activities that do generate these impacts within the established standards will occur between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. Monday through Saturday. I. Interference, Nuisance, or Hazard This facility will not emit heat, glare, radiation or fumes which will interfere with uses on adjacent properties or constitute a public nuisance. The proposed use will not exceed the standards established by Garfield County, or the COGCC. Article 7-107 Roadway Assessment Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 760 Horizon Drive, Suite 102 TEL 970.263.7800 Grand Junction, CO 81506 FAX 970.263.7456 www.olssonassociates.com ROAD ASSESSMENT ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. F29 STORAGE FACILITY (LAYDOWN YARD) The following road assessment is to address Garfield County’s Policy 04-01 waivers for roads and demonstration of compliance. The purpose of the road assessment is to assess the subject road for the Garfield County roadway standards listed within Table 7-107 of the Land Use Development Code. The Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. (Encana) F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) Road Assessment begins at the first junction after the Encana guard building at the end of County Road (CR) 215 in the SENE quarter of Section 36, Township 5 South, Range 96 West of the 6th P.M. and terminates in the SENW quarter of Section 29, Township 5 South, Range 95 West of the 6th P.M. at the Encana F29 Laydown Yard. This road is approximately 3.9 miles in length from the guard station to the Laydown Yard and is entirely on Encana property. Included in the road assessment is a primary road that is shared for access to additional facilities, which is approximately 2.9 miles in length. The remaining 1.0 mile is a secondary road that currently ends at the F29 Storage Yard and accesses some additional sites along the road. Encana performs the maintenance on the entire road. Field observations and data gathering were conducted on November 18, 2014. The observations are summarized as an attachment to this assessment. Statement of Adequacy This road is typical of roads providing access to natural gas production facilities in Garfield County. The roadway is adequate for the intended use. Geometry of Road The following table compares this road to the Garfield County roadway standards found in Table 7-107 of the Land Use and Development Code for Primitive Road/Driveway. Table 7-107: Roadway Standards Design Standards Primitive/Driveway Road Assessment Design Capacity (ADT) 0-20 4-6 Minimum ROW Width (Feet) 15 to 301 n/a – private land Lane Width (Feet) Single Lane 12 19 to 26 Shoulder Width (Feet) 0 1.5 to 5.0 Ditch Width (Feet) 32 0 to 9.0 Cross Slope 2% 0.3% to 3.6% Shoulder Slope n/a 0.3% to 3.6% Design Speed n/a 25 mph Minimum Radius (Feet) 40 45 – 12,685 F29 Storage Yard November 24, 2014 Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Access Road Assessment Page 2 Table 7-107: Roadway Standards Design Standards Primitive/Driveway Road Assessment Maximum % Grade 12% 0.9% to 10% Surface Native Material Gravel 1 As determined adequate in an engineering review. Primitive road shall be dedicated ROW, driveway can be dedicated as either an easement or ROW. 2 If determined necessary for adequate drainage. The road is on private land and does not have a dedicated ROW. The road width varies between 19 and 26 feet, which meets the required minimum. Where ditches are present, they range in width from 3.0 to 9.0 feet. Ditches are present on both sides along the entire portion of the road at the bottom of the drainage (Station 1+00 to 151+50) and are not present on either side along the road cut into the slope (Station 152+50 to 208+75). The cross slope varies between 0.3% and 3.6%. The posted speed limit on the road is 25 mph. The horizontal radii range from 45 feet to 12,685 feet. This meets the required minimum. The grade for the road varies between 0.9% and 10%. This meets the maximum grade requirements. The road is surfaced with gravel. The road geometry changes occasionally with maintenance activities. Cross slopes change during maintenance operations. The road was built to follow the general topography of the area with minimal change to the natural grade. Safety/Structural Issues As the road climbs out of the bottom of the drainage, there is a berm present between the road and the slope down to the creek. Although this berm acts as a barrier, other mitigation methods should be evaluated during maintenance operations. Overall the roadway did not exhibit obvious safety or structural issues during the date of the field observation, November 18, 2014. Maintenance Encana does all of the maintenance on the road. The road is inspected on a regular basis for maintenance issues. Maintenance includes grading as needed to remove washboard and repair potholes. The road surface is graveled as needed to maintain the road base with attention to dust control. Speeds are low to promote safety and reduce road damage. Travel Demand Average Daily Traffic (ADT) for the proposed project is expected to be less than 20 vehicles per day (VPD) as shown in the Basic Traffic Study prepared by Olsson Associates, dated January 2015 (study). As a result, this roadway is being assessed according to the standards for a Primitive Road/Driveway. F29 Storage Yard November 24, 2014 Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Access Road Assessment Page 3 As mentioned within the study, traffic associated with the use as a storage facility at the site includes primarily pickup trucks, 2 trips per day. Additionally, a heavy truck will access the site one time every two months. Typical daily volumes will be approximately 4 trips per day with the potential for 6 trips. Other Evidence of Compliance Section 7-107.A Access to Public Right-of-Way The private road to the site has direct access to the end of CR 215. Section 7-107.B Safe Access Access to the site is consistent with other similar uses. Section 7-107.C Adequate Capacity Traffic congestion is not anticipated as a result of the proposed use. The roadway capacity is expected to be sufficient for the intended use. Section 7-107.D Road Dedications The road assessment is of a private road, and the road is expected to remain private. Section 7-107.E Impacts Mitigated Based on the expected trip generation rates discussed in the Basic Traffic Study, the increase in average daily traffic is not expected to increase on County Roads such that a modification of the existing access permit would be required. The total traffic volumes are expected to remain very low and are anticipated to be accommodated by the existing roadway. Conclusions The road assessment identified areas that deviate from the Design Standards in Table 7-107 for ROW, ditch width, and cross slope. The road is on private land owned by Encana and does not require a dedicated ROW . All access to the parcel is controlled by Encana’s guard shack at the end of County Road 215. Ditches are not present from station 152+50 to station 208+75. Ditches are not required in this area since the drainage sheet flows across the roadway, and runoff is not conveyed along the roadway. The cross slope varies from 0.3% to 3.6% on the gravel road. This could result in ponding water that could lead to the need for additional maintenance over time. The road functions adequately for its intended use and is typical of existing roads providing access to natural gas production facilities in Garfield County. Wyatt E. Popp, PE F29 Storage Yard November 24, 2014 Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Access Road Assessment Page 4 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK FOR TWO-SIDED DUPLICATION. 014-2796PROJECT NO:DRAWN BY:12/01/2014DATE:ABL S H E E T T E L 9 7 0 . 2 6 3 . 7 8 0 0 G r a n d J u n c t i o n , C O 8 1 5 0 6 S u i t e 1 0 2 7 6 0 H o r i z o n D r . E N C A N A F 2 9 S T O R A G E F A C I L I T Y ( L A Y D O W N Y A R D ) R O A D W A Y A S S E S S M E N T G A R F I E L D C O U N T Y , C O L O R A D O 1 R ~ .!!! ~ c NOTE: INFORMATION SHO W N O N T H I S E X H I B I T I S A P P R O X I M A T E . D A T A R E F L E C T E D W I T H I N T H E T A B L E I S N O T B A S E D O N A TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY. I N F O R M A T I O N S H O W N I S B A S E D O N M E A S U R E M E N T S T A K E N D U R I N G A S I T E V I S I T O N N O V E M B E R 1 8 , 2 0 1 4 . LOCATION STATION C R O S S S L O P E G R A D E R O A D W I D T H L E F T D I T C H R I G H T D I T C H 1 13+00 0 . 7 % 0 . 9 % 2 1 . 0 ' 4 . 0 ' 4 . 5 ' o · 1 5 0 ' 3 0 0 ' S C A L E I N F E E T O \ o L S S O N o A I S O C I A T I S 6 0 0 ' 014-2796PROJECT NO:DRAWN BY:12/01/2014DATE:ABL S H E E T T E L 9 7 0 . 2 6 3 . 7 8 0 0 G r a n d J u n c t i o n , C O 8 1 5 0 6 S u i t e 1 0 2 7 6 0 H o r i z o n D r . E N C A N A F 2 9 S T O R A G E F A C I L I T Y ( L A Y D O W N Y A R D ) R O A D W A Y A S S E S S M E N T G A R F I E L D C O U N T Y , C O L O R A D O 2 R ··w (!) 1-3: <:( 00 NOTE: INFORMATION SHO W N O N T H I S E X H I B I T I S A P P R O X I M A T E . D A T A R E F L E C T E D W I T H I N T H E T A B L E I S NOT BASED ON A TOPOG R A P H I C S U R V E Y . I N F O R M A T I O N S H O W N I S B A S E D O N M E A S U R E M E N T S T A K E N o · DURING A SITE VISIT ON N O V E M B E R 1 8 , 2 0 1 4 . O \ o L S S O N o A S S O C I A T E S 1 5 0 ' 3 0 0 1 S C A L E I N F E E T ~ N ' 6 0 0 1 014-2796PROJECT NO:DRAWN BY:12/01/2014DATE:ABL S H E E T T E L 9 7 0 . 2 6 3 . 7 8 0 0 G r a n d J u n c t i o n , C O 8 1 5 0 6 S u i t e 1 0 2 7 6 0 H o r i z o n D r . E N C A N A F 2 9 S T O R A G E F A C I L I T Y ( L A Y D O W N Y A R D ) R O A D W A Y A S S E S S M E N T G A R F I E L D C O U N T Y , C O L O R A D O 3 R ··W C) f-5: <( 00 LOCATION 2 NOTE: I N F O R M A T I O N S H O W N O N T H I S E X H I B I T I S A P P R O X I M A T E . D A T A R E F L E C T E D WITHI N T H E T A B L E I S N O T B A S E D O N A T O P O G R A P H I C S U R V E Y . I N F O R M A T I O N SHOW N I S B A S E D O N M E A S U R E M E N T S T A K E N D U R I N G A S I T E V I S I T O N N O V E M B E R 18, 2 0 1 4 . STATION C R O S S S L O P E G R A D E R O A D W I D T H L E F T D I T C H R I G H T D I T C H 56+00 2 . 7 % 9 . 3 % 2 4 . 0 ' 4 . 5 ' 3 . 0 ' o ' O \ o L S S O N o A S S O C I A T E S 1 5 0 ' 3 0 0 ' S C A L E I N F E E T ~ N ' 6 0 0 ' 014-2796PROJECT NO:DRAWN BY:12/01/2014DATE:ABL S H E E T T E L 9 7 0 . 2 6 3 . 7 8 0 0 G r a n d J u n c t i o n , C O 8 1 5 0 6 S u i t e 1 0 2 7 6 0 H o r i z o n D r . E N C A N A F 2 9 S T O R A G E F A C I L I T Y ( L A Y D O W N Y A R D ) R O A D W A Y A S S E S S M E N T G A R F I E L D C O U N T Y , C O L O R A D O 4 R '-QJ :2 '-QJ ,!; 0 ~ -0 ...... c QJ ~ "' QJ "' "' <( ··w <..!) t-3: <C 00 NOTE: INFORMATION SHOW N O N T H I S E X H I B I T I S A P P R O X I M A T E . D A T A R E F L E C T E D W I T H I N T H E T A B L E I S NOT BASED ON A TOPOGR A P H I C S U R V E Y . I N F O R M A T I O N S H O W N I S B A S E D O N M E A S U R E M E N T S T A K E N DURING A SITE VISIT ON N O V E M B E R 1 8 , 2 0 1 4 . LOCATION STATION C R O S S S L O P E G R A D E R O A D W I D T H L E F T D I T C H R I G H T D I T C H 3 94+00 3 . 6 % 4 . 7 3 2 6 . 0 ' 9 . 0 ' 5 . 0 ' o · 1 5 0 ' 3 0 0 ' S C A L E I N F E E T O \ . o L S S O N o A S S O C I A T E S 6 0 0 ' 014-2796PROJECT NO:DRAWN BY:12/01/2014DATE:ABL S H E E T T E L 9 7 0 . 2 6 3 . 7 8 0 0 G r a n d J u n c t i o n , C O 8 1 5 0 6 S u i t e 1 0 2 7 6 0 H o r i z o n D r . E N C A N A F 2 9 S T O R A G E F A C I L I T Y ( L A Y D O W N Y A R D ) R O A D W A Y A S S E S S M E N T G A R F I E L D C O U N T Y , C O L O R A D O 5 R ID :;::; ·c QJ ..c:: 0 s: ~J> l.O -l tn () +I o,-o-z fTl (./) (f) II fTl fTl fTl fTl -l -l +tn NOTE: INFORMATION SH O W N O N T H I S E X H I B I T I S A P P R O X I M A T E . D A T A R E F L E C T E D W I T H I N T H E T A B L E I S NOT BASED ON A TOP O G R A P H I C S U R V E Y . I N F O R M A T I O N S H O W N I S B A S E D O N M E A S U R E M E N T S T A K E N DURING A SITE VISIT O N N O V E M B E R 1 8 , 2 0 1 4 . o ' O \ o L S S O N a A S S O C I A T E S 1 5 0 ' 3 0 0 ' S C A L E I N F E E T 6 0 0 ' 014-2796PROJECT NO:DRAWN BY:12/01/2014DATE:ABL S H E E T T E L 9 7 0 . 2 6 3 . 7 8 0 0 G r a n d J u n c t i o n , C O 8 1 5 0 6 S u i t e 1 0 2 7 6 0 H o r i z o n D r . E N C A N A F 2 9 S T O R A G E F A C I L I T Y ( L A Y D O W N Y A R D ) R O A D W A Y A S S E S S M E N T G A R F I E L D C O U N T Y , C O L O R A D O 6 R • P C : 1 6 2 + 1 4 . 3 2 NOTE: INFORMATION SHO W N O N T H I S E X H I B I T I S A P P R O X I M A T E . D A T A R E F L E C T E D W I T H I N T H E T A B L E I S NOT BASED ON A TOPOG R A P H I C S U R V E Y . I N F O R M A T I O N S H O W N I S B A S E D O N M E A S U R E M E N T S T A K E N DURING A SITE VISIT ON N O V E M B E R 1 8 , 2 0 1 4 . LOCATION STATION C R O S S S L O P E G R A D E R O A D W I D l H L E F T D I T C H R I G H T D I T C H 4 148+00 2 . 2 % 4 . 9 % 2 4 . 0 ' 4 . 5 ' 3 . 5 ' 5 162+50 0 . 3 % 9 . 3 % 1 9 . 0 ' N O N E N O N E 6 170+25 2 . 6 % 1 0 . 0 % 2 0 . 0 ' N O N E N O N E 1 5 3 + 0 0 R O A D W I D T H = 1 9 ' o · ~ I 1 5 0 ' 3 0 0 ' \ S C A L E I N F E E T O \ o L S S O N o A I S O C I A T E I ~ N ' 6 0 0 ' Article 7-202.C.3 Noxious Weed Plan Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Weed Management Effort Summary July, 2010 Introduction Encana Oil & Gas (USA) (Encana) is currently implementing several integrated weed management techniques in the Piceance Basin. Whenever possible, weed infestations are assessed on an individual basis, such that the best, site-specific weed management techniques may be executed. Encana employs the benefits of chemical, mechanical, biological, cultural or an integration of these methods in everyday weed management throughout the Piceance field. Chemical Management Chemical means of weed control are the most commonly utilized weed management technique at this point in time. The frequency of this treatment method is mostly attributed to the financial feasibility, speed and relative consistency in results associated with herbicide applications. In general, most Encana sites are inventoried, monitored and sprayed a minimum of 3-4 times per year, based upon the accessibility and known infestation status of the site. With every visit, commercial pesticide applicators monitor previous treatments for effectiveness, inventory for new or surviving plants and treat the site. Documentation of this event is recorded into Encana’s Noxious Weed Management Database as reported on contractor invoices and daily pesticide application records. The first site visit and herbicide application is done in the early spring of the approaching growing season or in the late fall of the previous year. At this time, non-selective, residual herbicide applications are made as a safety precaution on active sites. This treatment type also prevents annual weed infestations that are commonly observed on fresh and frequently disturbed sites. During this treatment, pesticide applicators inspect the location and surrounding areas for very young newly emerging weeds, or rosette “flushes” in the circumstance that the site is treated in the fall. The second site visit and treatment is done in spring to early summer. This treatment is intended to target early perennials (hoary cress, primarily), biennial rosettes and annual “obnoxious weeds” such as Russian thistle and kochia. Again, pesticide applicators will inventory the area for later maturing plant species such as Russian knapweed. During the third site visit a mid to late summer inventory is conducted with intentions to spray late- bolting biennials and budding perennials; furthermore, mechanical removal of flowers and seed heads on biennial species (most commonly musk thistle) may also be done around this time. Lastly, on many sites, a late-summer to fall herbicide treatment may be applied on creeping perennials such as Canada thistle and Russian knapweed in order to best capture the opportunity for the use of translocated herbicides. Following this step, the non-selective treatments described above will be used where applicable, and the cycle will start again. This treatment plan is highly site-dependent, thus variations inevitably occur based upon individual site characteristics (i.e. elevation, soils, topography, moisture, etc.) and also upon the various label requirements and recommended target growth stages of the herbicides being used. Mechanical Weed Management Second to chemical means of control, Encana utilized mechanical weed management on a frequent basis. Large-scale mowing or “brush-hogging” projects are primarily executed on reclaimed sites that support a desirable plant component, but which also support a significant, spatially-competitive weed community. Generally, these treatments target annual, non-listed weed types. Encana makes a special effort to utilize mechanical weed management techniques in the early stages of reclamation, so as not to disturb newly establishing native and desirable plants. Additionally, Encana will employ mechanical removal as a second resort when chemical weed control means are not an effective option. These treatments are typically goaled towards the removal of weeds when the growth stage of the target specie is not compatible with chemical control (i.e. removal of thistle seed heads following bolt and flower). Additionally, in the case of fuels reduction for safety purposes, mechanical control is preferred with the objective at hand. Generally, mechanical weed removal is conducted throughout the summer and early fall. Biological Weed Management Encana has introduced the presence of biological weed control agents in recent years and is in the early stages of monitoring and considering the continued use of similar resources. At this time, Encana has released a limited number of biological control agents. These have been released at sites that were not candidates for chemical or mechanical control, either based upon topography, infestation size, spatial relativity to potentially impacted wildlife habitat or a combination of these factors. All releases to date have been established near the property boundaries of weed-harboring neighbors and have been incorporated with some chemical and mechanical means. Casual ocular monitoring has been conducted and landscape photographs have been taken and recorded. Due to the youth of these projects and the expected long-term results of biological controls, little change has been observed at this point. Cultural Weed Management As cultural weed management tools, Encana emphasizes on prevention, early detection/ rapid response (EDRR), and grazing monitoring and rotation grazing, where applicable. As prevention, Encana requires Third Party companies and contractors to clean dirt-moving equipment prior to mobilization into new areas. Encana provides annual, in-house weed identification trainings to their Environmental Field Coordinators to assist in early detection. To support rapid response, Environmental Field Coordinators also carry tools and instructions for mechanical weed removal, in the circumstance that a few, isolated weeds are approached during regular field activities. Lastly, where Encana has authority, livestock grazing plans, pasture rotations and monitoring and inventory plans are implemented to assess and minimize the impacts of grazing on weed infestations and wildlife habitat. Conclusion Due to the primarily fragmented, linear structure of the surfaces managed by Encana, successful weed control proves to be challenging and dynamic. Additionally, because Encana’s surfaces are relatively small in scale, a great deal of communication and cooperation between landowners, county representatives and federal government agencies is necessary to effectively and sustainably control, isolate and eradicate weed infestations on a local, landscape basis. To meet these challenges, Encana utilizes standardized reporting, invoicing and inspection processes that are all logged and documented in an Access Database. Article 7-1003.C Emergency Response Plan Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 Emergency Response Plan U.S. Division Updated Sep 2012 Quick Reference Guide (Condensed copy for permit submittals) Encana’s complete Emergency Response Plan is on file with all applicable Fire Districts and updates are provided as necessary EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN Document No: ERP-0042 SR BU U.S.A. DIVISION Re vised By/Date: encana _ ~ SRBU EMERGENCY RESPONSE Rel'icwcd By/Date: ERPCom m/05.26 .20 I 0 REPORTING TEMPLATE Appro\'ed By/Date: ERPCom m/05.26.20 I 0 SBU: Name of Eve11t: Date: . 2010 Location: Secured: 0Yes 0No Town, State: . 1. Time of the cal l. ----(Military Time) 2. ~What i s the location of the Location?: emergency? What has happen ed? What Happened?: 0No 0Yes 3. Has anyone been hurt? If so, Who? How? 4. Who is the most senior Encana or Company representative on location? 5. Who is the most senior Encana or company representative on location who wil l be the INCIDENT COMMANDER? Do they h ave the proper Incident Commander Training? Incident Commander T rained? N oOYesD 6. Based on your ass essment, what Level of Level 1 0 Level 2 D Level 3 0 Emergency are you de claring? 7. \Vho are you appointing as OPERATION CHIEF? 8. Do not respond to a man down, or to the emergency, until you have completed a Have you completed a Risk Assessm e nt? Risk Assessment, gained control and NOY D understanding of the emergency, a nd can assure life safety of the r esponders. I l11ro11trnllld Om·11111 e 111 \\'lwn I r1111 ·d EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN Documenl No: ERP-0042 SRBU U.S.A. DIVISION Revi sed Byffiatc: encana ~ ~ Reviewed By/Date: SRBU EMERGENCY RESPONSE ERPComm/05.26.20 I 0 11dtL:re1/ C.JCi~ Approved By/Date: REPORTING TEMPLATE ERPComrn/05.26.2010 9. Are there FIRST 0 No 0Yes Time of Arrival: RESPONDERS on location? Who arrived? 10. Have you set up an INCIDENT 0No0Yes COMMAND POST, if so, where? Location of the Incident Command Center? 1 1. Based on your initial assessment, what is your proposed preliminary response strategy? Emergency Manager Activated at: 12. I will act as EMERGENCY Emergency Operations Center Activated at: MANAGER, and activate the EOC. -- We will be using EOC Conference Line: Plan on calling in to the EOC, using EOC 1 and EOC 2: l -M77 -.J45 2224 the Emergency Notification EOC I : D Profile# H 2 IO13 Password 10131 EOC 2 : D Profile# 24211114 Password I0141 Conference Call Number, w ithin EOC 3: D {2 0 or more incoming calls} Not1h American Oi:ll 111 : 1-866-400-17R8 15 minutes. lutc.·rtrntional Dial ~lu: (647 ) 42 7-2433 Coufl'renn· coile-835 298 4806 Leader PIN : 2846 Executive Lead Notified: 13. I w ill notify EXECUTIVE No D Yes D Time: __ LEAD, EHS OFFICER, and pu t EHS Officer Notified: together the EMERGENCY No D Yes D Time: __ MANAGEMENT TEAM. EMT Notified: No D Yes D Time: Incident Commander: Deputy Incident Commander: 14. Start to put together a Safety Officer: local INCIDENT Liaison Officer: Public Information Officer: COMMAND TEAM. Operations Section Chief: Planning Section Chief: Logistics Section Chief: l 11rn1111olkd 1>11 Utllllll \\ hc11 l'li11 1ttl Classification I Levels o Immediate control of the hazard h as been established u sing available resources , however, conditions are n ot improving and/or r esources are being depleted . o Injuries to onsi te personnel that are of a moderate impact. o Public safety is not threatened, however there is, o r m ay be, a public perception o f m oderate risk to human health or the env ironment. o Environmen tal impacts are confined to the s ite and have limited potenti al to impact offsite. o A ll control and relief systems are functioning n ormall . Un~n111rolkJ Dnl.'11111e111 \\hen Pri111c-J o Any controlled situation, outsi de of normal operation conditions, wh ere the a b ili ty to maintain control using onsite resources is in question or offsi te resources are required to maintain control such a s a fire or exp losion where imminent control of the fire i s probable. o Injuries to personnel requiring offsite medical attention.- o Spills and releases that are contained onsite b ut have the potential to extend offsite. o Any inciden t requiri ng th e advisory notifi cation of the public of a non-routine, onsite occurrence. o Weather conditions (i.e., tornado) w hich may threaten personne l and operations. o Potential social I politi cal unrest, labor disputes 3 o Control of the hazard has been lost, however, through the application of available resources intermittent control is being obtained or h azard control is imminent. o Jnjuries to ons ite per sonnel that are of a major impact. o Public safety is not threatened, however , there is or may be a publ ic perception of signifi cant risk to human health or the en vironment o Environmental effects extend offsite and are resulting in minor or short- tenn detrimental impacts. o S ome control and relief systems f are not o Control of the hazard has been lost and r egaining control is not imminentl y possible. o Onsite personnel have sustained injuries with a serious impact. o Public safety is being, or has the imminent potential to be, jeopardized. o Environmental impacts are s ignificant, extend offsite and have th e potential to result in long-term environmental degradation. o Key control and relief functions have failed and correct} . o Any uncontrol1ed hazard where the ability to regain control using available resources is imminen t or intermittent control is being achieved using available resources such as p ipeline integrity failure. o lnjuries to personnel which have o r are likely to result in a lost time (beyond the day of the occurrence) injury or short term health impact. o Spills or releases that extend offsite and are, or w ill , result in minor or s hort-term detrimental impacts. o Any incident requiring the notification of the public of a potential or imminent threat to human health or tbe environment, such as or pipeline rupture. o Some control and/or relief systems are not operational. o Imminent secuiity threats, social I political unrest, and labor di sputes. o Severe weather threats which threatens personnel and/or operations. o Overdue vehicle or aircraft o Any situation where con trol of a hazard has been lost and regaining control is not imminently possible such as loss of well contro l or failure of essential well control equipment. o Injuries to personnel whi ch have o r are likely to result in permanent disabili ty, long term health impacts or death o Any incident th at has necessitated the evacuation or sheltering of public such as or a catastro phi c facility fire or loss of process control. o Spills or releases that have e xtended off s ite and are, or likely to, result in significant and substantial detrimental impac t to the environment. o Ke y control and relief systems are not operatio nal. o Act of terrorism, violence, s ocial/political unrest. o Severe weather impacti ng personnel and/or operations. o Overdue vehicle or aircraft, mi ssino erson . 4 ACTIVATION AND NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS Receiving an Emergency Call -Typical Notification Identify Scope/Area affected (exposure zone) and: -Activate ERP, notify support personnel (field and Region), emergency services, initiate regula tory notifications. -First Responder establishes Command Post (CP) and initiates response actions. -Incident Commander notifies authorities and contacts Encana's Emergency Manager. -Incident Commander contacts persons who reported incident to advise them of outcome . -RECORD YOUR ACTIONS ! Uncontrollcu Donnncnt \\hen Printed 5 First Responder Actions Protect Yourself 0 Approach th e incident from upwind and uphill , if possible. 0 Position vehicle far enough away from the release, allowing for a sate retreat, if necessary. 0 Res ist the urge to rush in, others cannot be helped if you are injured. 0 Avoid any contact w ith Liquids , mists, sludge's, gases, vapors and smoke. Sound the Alarm 0 Announce level of emergency. 0 Direct others to safe areas and alert other personnel. Call for Help 0 Notify control room, local office and or the on-call supervisor. 0 Confirm emergency services has been dispatched. 0 Activate Emergency Response Plan. Assume Command 0 Size up incident and make report. 0 Confom location (if necessary). 0 Situation found. 0 Make assignments (as necessary). Summon additional help a nd technical assistance as r equi red. Do not hesitate to summon assistance; it can always be can celed if not needed. 0 Tactical considerations: 0 o Li fe safety, o Incident stabilization, Zoning : o Environmental protection, and o Property conservation. o Utilize, w ith caution, the U.S. DOT Emergency Response Guidebook for recommended actions if MS D Ss are unavailable for rel eased material, o Establish ha zard I hor zone (use fire line tape for hot line), o Establis h and mark warm zone (decontamination corridor), and o Establish cold zone (set security line). 0 Immediately provide for proper decontamination of r esponders and/or injured . 0 Transfer comman d (as necessary). Assess Hazard 0 If immediate rescue is required, it should only be attempted when the rescuers are fully aware of the risks posed to them, they are wearing protective clothing, as required, utilizing a b are minimum number of personnel. If the hazards are unknown or exceptionally life-threatening, the rescuer sh ould consider waiting until the situation has been assessed by the IC, SO, and the EH S/HazMat Unit. Secure the Area 0 Restrict a ccess to location or area. 0 UtlJize law enfor cement agencies (Emergency Alert System) and any other ava il able resources to evacuate or shelter in-place exp osed victims. 6 Transfer of Command The process of mov ing the respons ibil ity for incident command from one Incident Commander (IC) to another is called "transfer of command." It should be recognized that transition of command on an expanding incident is to be expected. It does not re flect on the competency of the current IC. The most important steps in e ffectively a ssuming command of an incident in progress are: Assessment & Briefing D Perform assessme nt of incident situation w ith existing IC. D Recei ve adequate bri efi ng by the current IC in face-to-face meet ing. The briefing must cover the following items: o Incident history (what ha s happened), o Priorities and objectives, o C urren t plan, o Resource ass ignments, o Incident organ ization, o Resomces ordered/needed, o Facilities established, o Status of communications, o Any constraints or limitations, o Incident potential, and o Delegation of Authority. Written Summary Report D lncoming IC to receive written summary to assis t in inci dent briefings. This form contains: o Incident objectives, o A place for a sketch map, o Summary of curren t actions, o Organizational frame work, and o Resources su mmary. Notice of Command Change 0 D etermine an appropriate time for transfer of command. D Provide notice of a change in incident command to: o Emergency Management Team (through d ispatc h), o General Staff members (if designated), o Command Staff members (if designated), and o All inci dent personnel and agenci es. The incoming IC may give the out-go ing IC another assignment on the incident. D There are several advantages of this: o The out-going IC retains first-band knowledge at the inc ident site, and o This s trategy allows the out-going IC to obser ve the progress of the inc ident and to ga in experience. l 111.:!111!r11lled IJ<•t.:u1111.:n1 \\'hi.:::n Pr11111.:d 7 Western Operations Emergency Notification Chart Piceance Uncontrolled Document if Printed Date Reviewed: 10/31/2014 Date Revised: 10/31/2014 CORPORATE COMUNICATIONS Alicia Olson W 720-876-5486 C 720-412-6802 LEGAL Kelly Vandamme W 720-876-3829 C 303-829-0573 Matt Baskind W 720-876-3403 C 303-653-4308 FINANCE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT TEAM LOSS CONTROL & INSURANCE David Platt W 403-645-7514 C 403-606-2877 HUMAN RESOURCES COMMUNITY RELATIONS, LAND, REGULATORY Jason Oates W 720-876-3228 C 720-785-4806 Ken Jackson W 970-285-2830 C 970-309-2655 SECURITY EHS On Call Number 1-855-759-1855 Axiom Injury Case Management 877-502-9466 USA Security Watch Center 1-855-822-0169 EMERGENCY MANAGER Laura Lancaster W 970-285-2617 C 970-216-1251 Lindsey Kruckenberg W 970-285-2711 C 970-456-3229 FIRST RESPONDER 1. Evacuate: Account for all personnel 2. Call for help: Quick Reference Guide / Notification Charts 3. Secure the scene: Establish IC Command ENVIRONMENTAL Cisco Meeting Place Express Toll Free: 1-877-445-2224 Long Distance: 1-403-645-2224 Meeting ID to start the meeting 2421013# Password 10131# To join the meeting 2421013# Password 10131# SAFETY & HEALTH Corporate HQ – Calgary – Security Desk On Call 24 Hours – (402) -645 - 7777 EXECUTIVE LEAD Jeff Balmer C 720-206-6382 INCIDENT COMMANDER Brad Ankrum W 970-285-2630 C 435-260-1673 Operations Control Center (Parachute) W 970-285-2615 C 970-301-1319 Parachute OCC Alternate Operations Control Center (Denver) W 866-244-0062 EMERGENCY CONTACTS Clyde Marks W 970-285-2681 C 970-309-3061 Doug Rosa W 970-285-2686 C 970-210-2073 Mitch Steinke W 970-285-2654 C 303-918-3844 Ryan Tompkins W 970-285-2685 C 970-640-3294 BLM (Grand Junction) 970-244-3050 BLM (Silt) 970-876-9000 BLM (Meeker) 970-878-3800 COGCC (Rifle) 970-625-2497 CDPHE 877-518-5608 National Response Cntr 800-424-8802 Federal OSHA 800-321-6742 CO One-Call 800-922-1987 Pipeline ref. 811 AGENCY CONTACTS Grand River Hospital (rifle) 970-625-1510 Garfield County 970-625-8095 Mesa County 970-242-6707 Rio Blanco County 970-878-9600 Colorado State Patrol 970-824-6501 Jeff Johnson W 720-876-5091 C 303-881-7666 Ken Retzlaff W 720-876-5231 C 303-301-4176 Chris Casebolt W 720-876-3622 C 303-898-6501 TACTICAL SUPPORT TEAM EHS OFFICER CORPORATE PRESIDENT & CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Doug Suttles CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER Mike McAllister Byron Gale EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT John Keil W 720-876-3705 C 214-755-2081 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 EMS, Fire, Police 911 MEDIA RELATIONS Doug Hock W 720-876-5096 C 303-328-7048 Figures Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 217109300013BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERSGARFIELD COUNTY 217128100018ENCANA OIL &GAS (USA) INC217129100005PUCKETT LANDCOMPANY 217121300955BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 217112300003MOBIL OIL CORP 217322200951U S NAVAL OILSHALE RESERVE 217322200951U S NAVAL OILSHALE RESERVE 217118200008CHEVRONUSA INC 213533400010CHEVRONUSA INC 217104100021ENCANA OIL &GAS (USA) INC 213532100009BERRY PETROLEUMCOMPANY &213534300957BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 213529100008CHEVRONUSA INC 213507300003OLDLAND, REUBENGERALD & STEPHANIE D 213308400006EXXON MOBILCORPORATION SUBJECT PARCEL213527300015ENCANA OIL &GAS (USA) INC 213518400956BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 213515100955BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 213507400953BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 213323100958U S NAVAL OILSHALE RESERVE 213506400952BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 191529400002OLDLAND, REUBEN G& STEPHANIE DIANE 191727400012ENCANA OIL &GAS (USA) INC 191520100952BUREAU OF LANDMANAGEMENT 4S 96W 6S 97W 5S 95W 6S 95W 5S 96W 4S 95W 6S 96W Sc h u t t e C r e e k Alle n w a t e r C r e e k East Fork Parachute Creek Ja n g l e D i t c h Bear Run Pa r a c h u t e C r e e k East Middle Fork Parachute Creek Little C r e e k L o w C o s t D i t c h BenGoodCreek East F o r k Conn Creek West F o r kParach u t e Creek Cab i n W a t e r M i d d l e F o r k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k M i d d l e W a t e r S h o r t W a t e r Gra n l e e D i t c h ²Parcels Subject Parcel F29 Storage yard Perennial Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 ADJACENT LAND OWNERS MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE ALO-1 4S 96W 6S 97W 5S 95W 6S 95W 5S 96W 4S 95W 6S 96W Sc h u t t e C r e e k Alle n w a t e r C r e e k East Fork Parachute Creek Ja n g l e D i t c h Bear Run Pa r a c h u t e C r e e k East Middle Fork Parachute Creek Litt l e C r e e k L o w C o s t D i t c h Ben Go o d Creek Willow Creek East F o r k Conn Creek W e s t F o r k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k Cabi n W a t e r M i d d l e F o r k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k Mi d d l e W a t e r S h o r t W a t e r Gra n l e e D i t c h ²Parcels Subject Parcel F29 Storage yard Perennial Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 ADJACENT LAND USE MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE ALU-1 Land Use NOT LISTED 1 AC TO L/T 5 AC 100 AC & UP EXEMPT-COUNTY-LAND EXEMPT-FEDERAL-LAND-NONRES GRAZING LAND-AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATED LAND-AGRICLTRL. MANUFCTNG/PROCESNG-LAND REFINING/PETROLEUM-IMPS 5S 95W East Fork Parachute Creek REFINING/PETROLEUM-IMPS ²F29 Storage yard 1500 Foot Buffer Perennial Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 ADJACENT LAND USE MAP 2 F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE ALU-2 East M i d d l e F o r k Parach u t e C r e e k East Fork Parachute Creek Midd l e F o r k Par a c h u t e Cre e k 5S 95W ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary Subject Parcel Boundary Perennial Stream Designated Cutthroat Trout Habitat PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 CUTTHROAT TROUT HABITAT MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE CTH-1 East M i d d l e F o r k Parach u t e C r e e k East Fork Parachute Creek Midd l e F o r k Par a c h u t e Cre e k 5S 95W ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary Subject Parcel Boundary Perennial Stream Elk Severe Winter Range Elk Winter Concentration Area Elk Winter Range PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 ELK HABITAT MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE EH-1 5S94W 5S 97W 4S 96W 7S 95W 6S 97W 5S 95W 4S94W4S 97W 7S 96W 6S 95W 5S 96W 4S 95W 7S 97W 6S 96W Col o r a d o R i v e r Al l e n w a t e r C r e e k Ja n g l e D i t c h Bear Run Co n n C r e e k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k Sc h u t t e C r e e k East F o r k C o n n C r e e k Ea s t F o r k Pa r a c h u t e Cr e e k Wolf Cr e e k Ben Good Creek Dia m o n d Dit c h Northw a t e r C r e e k B a t t l e m e n t C r e e k East Middle Fork Parachute Creek Litt l e C r e e k Trapper C r e e k Ca b i n Wa t e r Par a c h u t e Ditc h Willow C r e e k T o u r i s t R u n West F o r kParach u t e Creek Cab i n W a t e r M i d d l e F o r k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k Mi d d l e Wa t e r S h o r t W a t e r Gr a n l e e D i t c h LowCostDitch Dais y Ditc h Cornell Ditch ²F29 Storage yard Subject Parcel Floodplain Perennial Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 FLOODPLAIN MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE F-1 Tu UintaFormation Tgp Green RiverFormation, ParachuteCreek Member Tgp Green RiverFormation, ParachuteCreek Member Tgl Green RiverFormation,Lower part Tu UintaFormation East M i d d l e F o r k Parach u t e C r e e k East Fork Parachute Creek Midd l e F o r k Par a c h u t e Cre e k 5S 95W 5S96W 6S 96W ²F29 Storage yard Subject Parcel Boundary 3 Mile Buffer Perennial Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 GEOLOGY MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE G-1 E E E E 44239 4424044241 50041 291488 291489 291490 291491 292746 5S 95W East Fork Parachute Creek ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary 1 Mile Buffer Water Wells Within 1 MileESpring/Seep Perennial Stream Intermittent Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 HYDROGRAPHY MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE H-1 East M i d d l e F o r k Parach u t e C r e e k East Fork Parachute Creek Midd l e F o r k Par a c h u t e Cre e k 5S 95W ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary Subject Parcel Boundary Perennial Stream Mule Deer SummerRange Mule Deer Winter Range PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 MULE DEER HABITAT MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE MDH-1 East M i d d l e F o r k Parach u t e C r e e k East Fork Parachute Creek Midd l e F o r k Par a c h u t e Cre e k 5S 95W ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary Subject Parcel Boundary Perennial Stream Peregrine Potential Nesting Habitat PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 PEREGRINE FALCON HABITAT MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE PFH-1 East Fork Parachute Creek Rockoutcrop-Torriorthentscomplex, very steep Nihill channeryloam, 1 to 6percent slopes Parachute-Rhoneloams, 5 to 30percent slopes Irigul channeryloam, 9 to 50percent slopes Northwaterloam, 15 to 65percent slopes Northwaterloam, 15 to 65percent slopes Nihill channeryloam, 6 to 25percent slopes Rockoutcrop-Torriorthentscomplex, very steep Irigul channeryloam, 50 to 75percent slopes Irigul channeryloam, 50 to 75percent slopes Irigul channeryloam, 50 to 75percent slopes Irigul channeryloam, 50 to 75percent slopes Parachuteloam, 25 to 65percent slopes Irigul channeryloam, 50 to 75percent slopes ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary Perennial Stream Intermittent Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 SOILS MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE S-1 31 16 33 20 17 28 18 30 21 29 19 32 5S 95W ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE T-1 East M i d d l e F o r k Parach u t e C r e e k East Fork Parachute Creek Midd l e F o r k Par a c h u t e Cre e k 5S 95W ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary Subject Parcel Boundary Perennial Stream Turkey Winter Range Turkey Production Area PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 TURKEY HABITAT MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE TH-1 E P a r a c h u t e , 8 M i l e s Encana Guard Station31 08 26 16 07 07 34 15 02 02 10 01 01 08 08 36 04 35 02 33 20 10 09 27 17 17 04 35 12 12 03 11 11 28 18 18 06 09 24 14 05 22 03 30 21 11 06 06 14 05 05 23 13 26 29 19 07 25 32 23 5S 95W 6S 95W 5S 96W 6S 96W East Fork Parachute Creek Ben GoodCreek Sc h u t t e Cre e k East Middle Fork Parachute Creek Par a c h u t e C r e e k Ca b i n Wa t e r West F o r k Para c h u t e Cree k M i d d l e F o r k P a r a c h u t e C r e e k Mi d d l e Wa t e r Gr a n l e e D i t c h ²F29 Storage yard F29 Storage Yard Boundary 3 Mile Buffer Subject Parcel Parcels Perennial Stream PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 014-2796 JWH 11/25/2014 VICINITY MAP F29 STORAGE YARD ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INC. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 760 HORIZON DR., SUITE 102 GRAND JUNCTION, CO 81506 TEL 970.263.7800 FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE V-1 401 21 5 24 9 40 2 302 30 0 21 3 40 8 309 301 40540 4 40 3 407 300N 300S 373 30 8 30 0 B 31 0 354 303 3 3 8 307 30 0 E 40 6 30 0 O 30 0 W 34 0 370 37 2 37 4 372EE 371 5S 95W 6S 96W 5S 96W 6S 97W 7S 97W 7S 96W 6S 95W 4S 95W4S 96W 7S 95W 5S 97W 4S 97W 5S 94W 4S 94W 06030201 05 010204 06 05 04 0405 31 30 19 18 07 03 01 03 02050403 16 11 08 23 11 11 1111 11 11 09 20 21 06 12 13 23 22 23 32 32 06 20 28 25 24 03 33 23 34 26 20 27 21 29 33 3635 01 35 24 34 31 24 33 07 21 29 35 19 02 28 17 21 32 36 36 29 2526 08 202019 24 25 03 28 27 13 30 08 08 17 20 13 29 23 12 13 33 12 12 25 17 26 14 26 36 24 12 10 32 12 10 13 29 14 26 25 15 16 08 21 23 18 23 09 35 15 24 14 17 27 16 04 24 2220 20 36 25 05 22 23 24 33 22 15 13 09 17 09 15 17 21 34 28 28 16 27 15 32 09 23 22 16 14 25 21 35 25 34 14 26 09 10 1614 29 21 35 13 08 33 27 22 28 24 10 0102 07 23 14 20 22 16 12 31 17 16 08 08 20 17 30 19 02 05 07 03 04 18 32 04 01 29 15 34 05 22 10 36 24 26 28 27 19 09 35 34 09 06 06 18 31 30 05 19 04 18 19 15 07 03 10 02 30 19 27 31 01 30 22 22 18 07 21 31 10 26 31 36 10 15 21 30 19 07 18 06 19 30 31 29 28 27 26 25 06 07 18 19 30 07 18 19 06 34 22 27 34 03 10 15 22 27 30 3332 36353431 Copyright:© 2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. F29 Storage Yard Vicinity Map SECTION 29, T5S, R95W, 6th, P.M. GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO PROJECT No. DATE: SCALE: 1 of 1 Wasatch Surveying Associates906 Main Street Evanston, Wyoming 82930Phone No. (307) 789-4545 Fax (307) 789-5722 VICINITY MAP 14-04-11 8/22/2014 T O P A R A C H U T E £Sc a l e i n F e e t 0 5, 0 0 0 10 , 0 0 0 1:120,000 d ENCANA OIL & GAS (USA) INCPARCEL NO. 213527300015 F29 STORAGE YARDSITE LOCATION ! Other Agency Permits Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc F29 Storage Facility (Laydown Yard) OA Project No. 014-2796 FORM 2 Rev 12105 \,@/'State of - Oil and Gas Conserve.. _ \111111111111111111111 --01§~~0 ' 1120 Lincoln Street, Slllte 801, Denver, Colorado 80203 Phone (303)894 2100 Fax (303)894 2109 APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO· m Dnll, D Deepen, D Re-enter, D Recomplete and Operate fl~ OE RECEIVED 2 TYPE OF WELL Refiling ~ Plugging Bond SWD# zJJii"I OILD GAS~ COALBEDD OTHER Sidetrack ,..,.,,...,.., .. ;, 0 APR -6 01 SINGLE ZONE MULTIPLE ZONESI X I COMMINGLE ZONEsr ..,~~.'ti~ Attachment Checklist 3 Name of Operator EnCana 011 & Gas jUSA} tnc 4 COGCC Operator Number 100185 OP COGCC 5 Address 370 17th Street Suite 1700 APO Ong & 1 Copy x ./ City Denver State co Zip 80202 Form 2A 6 Contact Name Julia M Crus1us Phone 720 876 5240 Fax 720 876 6240 Well locabon olat / 7 Well Name N Parachute Well Number EF04D 028 595 -" Tooo map 8 Unit Name (n appl) Unrt Number Mineral lease mao 9 Proposed Total Measured Depth 10363' MD 10350' TVD Surtace agrmVSurety WELL LOCATION INFORMATION / 30 Day notice letter l'llV 10 QtrQtr NWNW Sec 28 Twp 5S Rng 95W Meridian 6th Deviated Dnllinq Plan ---~cept1on Location Latitude 39 588572 Longitude 108 065628 '""'" ''""'' Reauest Footage At Surtace j1269' I IFNLI 1852' I IFwLI / Exceot1on Loe Waivers 11 Field Name Wildcat Field Number 99999 H2S Contmaencv Plan 12 Ground Elevation 6193' / 13 County Garfield Federal Dnlhnq Permit 14 GPS Data Date of Measurement 10/24/2005 POOP Reading 1 9 Instrument Operato~s Name Robert Kav ~--------------------------------------------------------------- 15 If well is (]] D1rect1onal 0 Honzonlal (highly deviated), submit deviated dnlhng plan Bottomhole Sec Twp Rng NWNW Sec 28 T5S-R95W FNlJFSL FEUFWL FNUFSL FEUFWL Footage At Top of Prod Zone 1990' I IFNL I 1990' y IFWYAI Bottom Hole 1990' I ~ 1990' I ~ ---------------------------------------------------------------- 16 Is location in a h~h density area (Rule 603b)? 0Yes [TI No 17 Distance to the nearest building, public road, above ground utility or railroad 2 8 miles ,,. 18 Distance to Nearest Property line 9701' 19 Distance to nearest weJJ permitted/completed in the same formation 762' 20 LEASE SPACING AND POOLING INFORMATION ' Ob1ecbve Formation(s) Formation Code Soacino Order Number (s) Unit Acreaae Ass~ned to Well Unit Conf~urat10n IN/2, SE/4, etc) Williams Fork WMFK 479-15, 510-13 ' ~ -, ~\ E3 bF. Lease# 21 Mineral Ownership F7e State_ Federal Rlnd1an 22 Surtace Ownership f"e State -\ Federal Indian 23 Is the Surface Owner Mineral Owner? ( X Yes I No Surface Surety ID# . / D 23a If 23 1s Yes Is the Surface Owner(s) s1gna~n the lease? X I Yes No 23b If 23 IS No Osurtace Owners Agreement Attached or L_ $25,000 Blanket Surtace Bond 0$2.000 Surtace Bond 0$5,000 Surtace Bond 24 Using standard QtrQtr, Sec, Twp, Rng format enter entire mineral lease description upon which this proposed wells1te 1s located (attach separate sheet/map 1f you prefer) Please see Attached Mao / 25 Distance to Nearest Mineral Lease Line 6483' 26 Total Acres m Lease 25,889 21 -~MENT-ON- DRILLING PLANS AND PROCEDURES TOP OF CE PRODUCTION CASING MUST BE VERIFIED BY A CBL 27 Is H2S ant1c1pated? D Yes m No If Yes, attach contingency plan 29 Will salt (>15,000 ppm TDS Cl) or 011 based muds be used dunng drilling? Yes [TI No 28 Will salt sections be encountered dumg dnlhng? D Yes ~No 30 If questions 27 or 28 are yes, 1s this loca11on m a sens1t1ve area (Rule 903)? Yes [TI No If 28, 29 or 30 are "Yes" a prt permit may be required 31 Mud disposal E3 Offs1te (]] Ons1te Method Land Farming D Land Spreading D Disposal Facility m Other Recycle and Bury NOTE The use of an earthen pit for Recomplet1on fluids requires a pit permit (Rule 905b) If air/ as dnlhn , notify local fire officials Cement To Surtace Surface 12-1/4' 9-5/8' 36# 2500' 892 2500' Surface Production 8-3/4' / 7-7/8' 4-1/2' 11 6# 10363' / 950 10363' 200' above WMFK 32 BOP Equipment Type m Annular Preventor D Double Ram /0 Rotating Head D None 33 Comments EnCana 011 & Gas USA Inc owns surtace, EnCana minerals, lease see attached ma s This 1s a Refile API # 05-045-11587 There have been no chan es to the well Ian, surface cond1!1ons or lease terms This ad has been built, but no dnllin 1s current! takm lace 34 Initial Rule 306 Consultation took place on (date) NA _. ,was waived, or 1s not required Provide supporting documentation 1f consultation has been waived or 1f good faith effort did not result in consultation PERMIT SUBMITTED TO COGCC PRIOR TO COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 306 CONSULTATION SHALL BE RETURNED UNAPPROVED J hereby certify that a complete permit package has been sent to the applicable Local Government Des1gnee(s), and all statements made in this form are, to the best of my knowledge, true, correct, and complete Signed au4., 71'( fA,_.,,_,J Title Regu!Ory/Perm1ttrng Analyst Print Name Julia M Crus1us Date 'f/$hz Email rulla crus1us@encana com Based on the information provided herein, this Apphcat1on for Perm1t-to-Dnll compiles with COGCC Rules and applicable orders and 1s hereby approved COGCC Approved (Sh,;:._r:f2. ~ Director of COGCC Date 05-/ / -0 /J ~--------~Permit Number 2 Q Q 7 1 8 1 9 Expiration Date 05 -/!} -o fl' API NUMBER CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL, IF ANY os-()L(~-1152f7--DV 24 Hour Spud Nouce Reqmred All not1ficauon via e-mail. Jaime.adkms@state.co us The operator shall comply wuh Rule 321 and it shall be the operator's respons1b1ht; to ensure that the wellbore complies with setback requirements in Co1nm1ss1on orders or rules pnor to producing the well The proposed surface casing 1s more than 50' below the depth of the deepest water well within I mJ le of the surface locauon when corrected fo 1 elevauon differences The deepest water well w1th1n 1 mile 1" _000_ feet deep .=-----~-~ FORM 2A Rev 6199 State of Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission 1120 Lincoln Street, Suite 801, Denver Colorado 80203 (303) 894-2100 Fax (303) 894-2109 DRILL SITE/ACCESS ROAD RECLAMATION FORM This form shall be submitted in duplicate with the application for permit-to-drill (OGCC Form 2) unless a Federal 13-point surface plan is included. Also required are a minimum of two photographs (site and access road). Soil and plant community infOIJJlalion from United States Natural Resources Conse1Vation Services (USNRCS). 1. OGCC Operator Number: 100185 4. Contact Name and Telephone: 2. Name of Operator: EnCana Oil & Gas IUSA\ Inc. Julia Crusius 3. Address: ~"J'n o1"T•i.. Co• ~ .. :•-1'7nn No: 720-876-5240 Sta:e: co Zip: City; 370 17th St Suite 1700 80202 Fax: 720-876-6240 5. Well Name and No: N. Parachute EF04D 028 585 6. County: Garfield 1. Location (QtrQtr, Sec, Twp, Rng, Meridian): NWNW Sec 28 T5S-R95W, 6th PM Pre-Drilling Information Current Land Use 8. Crop tano': lmpimied Paslvte Hay Meadow c-irr llfllfllll 11n~111111~11 ' 01573841 FOROGCCUSE'ONLY· 1 •· L. '.) Complete the Attachment Checklist '"'" "''' DnlU•ll"<loccoos~ x C0Es.:tJori<04~ CRP 9. NorH:rop land: [A. Rangeland 0 Timber D Recreational 0 Other(dn_c__ _______________ _ 10. Subdivided· Attach color hot 0 Industrial D Commercial D Residential ra hs of drill site and access road; identi each hoto b date, well name and location. Soils 11. Soil map units from USNRCS survey: Sheet No: Soil C001plex1Series No: Soils Series name: Horiz:on ~Jmess (m irt:hes}: Soils Series name: Horizon thickness (in irct>es): Plant Communitv Complete this section only if operations are to be conducted upon non-croo land. • • 12. Plan! species from: D USNRCS or [KJ Field Observation Date of Observation: list individual species: Juni~r, Sagebrush, and Native Grasses 13. Check one predominant plant community for the drill site: [=:I Disturbed Grassland (cactus, Yucca, Cheatgrass, Rye, Thistle) c=:J Grassland (Bluestem, Grama, Wheatgrass, Buffaklgrass, Fescue, Oatgrass, Brome) ~ Shrub and Brush land (Mahogany, Oak, Satre. Serviceberry, Chokecherry) c=:J Plains DeciduollS Riparian (Cottonwood, Willow, Aspen, Maple, Poplar, RllSsian Olive, Tamarisk) C:=J Mountain Conifer Riparian (Spruce, Fir, Ponderosa Pine) C:=J Evergreen Foes! land (Spruce, Fir, Ponderosa Pine, ~epole Pine, JunPer, Pi'lyon) c=:J Aquatic {Bullrush, Sedges, Cattail, Arrowhead) c=:J Tundra (Alpine, Willow, Currani Raspberry) Other (describe): ;B :B: 10l24105 114. Was an Arrrf/ Corps of Engineers Section 404 Perm~ filed? I Yes If yes, attach appropriate documentation. Comments: I hereby certify that I, or persons under my direct superv1s1on, have inspected the proposed dnll site and access road; that I am fam1l1ar with the conditions which presently exist, that the statements made in this form are, to the best of my knowledge, true, correcl and complete. Print Name: Julia M. Crusius ;C: ;C: Signed: 9-' /-ft1., ~ Title: Permitting Analyst Date: ~t..,'.,_,h,.~..,kJS~------