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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1.08 Cutural, Weed & Wildlife, ReclamationCultural Resources Report ■ HUNTER RIDGE ENERGY SERVICES LLC FLATTOPS ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANTS P.O. BOX1893 CARBONDALE, CO 81623 (970) 379-2846 December 19, 2012 Mr. Craig Richardson Olsson Associates 826 21/2 Road Grand Junction, Colorado 81505 CC: Mr. Fred Jarman Garfield County, Building & Planning 108 8th Street, Suite 401 Glenwood Springs, Colorado 81601 RE: Letter Report of Findings—Class I Cultural Resources Study for the Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc., 003 596 Compression Facility, Parcel #2135-273-00-015, Garfield County, Colorado Dear Mr. Richardson, This letter report of findings serves as documentation for the completion of a Class I Cultural Resources Study of the existing Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc., 003 596 Compression Facility (Parcel #2135- 273-00-015) in Garfield County, Colorado. This report satisfies the requirements of the Garfield County Unified Land Use Resolution, Article IV Section 4-502E part 8b: A determination of the effect on significant archaeological, cultural, paleontological, historic resources. The project is located in Section 3, Township 5 South, Range 96 West (6th Principal Meridian). Cultural resource files for Section 3 were reviewed for this study. The proposed project area is located at approximately 8200 feet above sea level, along a northeast -southwest trending ridge overlooking the West Fork of Parachute Creek. The project area is accessed via Garfield County Road 402 and a private road system maintained by Encana through Encana's North Parachute Ranch. It is approximately 15 miles north-northwest of Parachute, Colorado. The file search was conducted on December 19, 2012, by reviewing the Colorado Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation's COMPASS database. Six previous Class 111 cultural resource inventories have taken place in Section 3, T5S, R96W (Table 1); no paleontological, prehistoric or historic cultural resources have been recorded as a result of these projects. Therefore, based on the results of this Class I inventory, Flattops Archaeological Consultants recommends a finding of no historic properties affected. However, should other cultural resources be discovered or unearthed during ground - disturbing activities, a qualified archaeologist should be notified. Kae McDonald Principle Investigator flattopsarchaeological99@comcast.net If you have questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact me at your convenience. Kae McDonald, Ph.D., RPA Principal Investigator Table 1: Previous Class III Inventories in Section 3, T5S, R96W. SI -IPO Survey ID No. Project Title Client Company Year MC.LM.R1 La Sal Pipeline Woodward/ Clyde Consultants Metcalf-Zier Archaeological Consultants 1981 MC.LM.R89 Proposed Piceance-To-Parachute Pipeline Not Listed Grand River Insitute 1994 MC.LM.R96 Greasewood Compressor Station to Parachute Creek , A Class III Cultural Resource Inventory on Phase I of a Proposed Pipeline and Parachute Creek Segment, A Class III Cultural Resource Inventory on Phase 2 of a Proposed Pipeline Colorado Interstate Gas Metcalf Archaeological Consultants 1994 MC.LM.R185 Yankee Gulch Sodium Minerals Project Proposed Piceance To Parachute Pipeline American Soda LLP Grand River Institute 2000 GF.LM.NR742/ GF.LM.NR772 Existing Haul Road And Shale Pit Location On Private Land (BLM Project #05-11-24); Addendum Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Grand River Institute 2005 GF.LM.NR914 Four Proposed Liberty Well Locations (M30 495, B36 496, 036 496, And F25 496), A Central Distribution Point (J25 496), And Related Linear Routes Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. Grand River Institute 2009 Weed & Wildlife Impact Analysis ■ HUNTER RIDGE ENERGY SERVICES LLC STORY BOOSTER (003) HUNTER RIDGE ENERGY SERVICES, LLC Impact Analysis: Section 4-502 E (8) Environmental Effects Garfield County Unified Land Use Resolution 2008 Cover Photo: Looking south toward the Story Booster (003). Prepared for: Hunter Ridge Energy Services, LLC Prepared by: WestWater Engineering 2516 Foresight Circle #1 Grand Junction, CO 81505 January 2013 INTRODUCTION At the request of Hunter Ridge Energy Services, LLC, WestWater Engineering (WWE) biologists conducted field surveys and assessments of wildlife, wildlife habitats, and sensitive plant species at the proposed Story Booster (003) site (Figure 1). The project lies within the footprint of a previously developed site, and no additional ground disturbance will be required for this project. The project area has been surveyed by WWE for other projects occurring on Encana's North Parachute Ranch (NPR), including annual raptor surveys across the entire NPR that have been conducted since 2007. This document reports the results and analysis of the findings from previous surveys that are pertinent to Garfield County Land Use regulations (2008) that apply to this project. The site is located on Encana's privately owned NPR approximately 16 miles northwest of Parachute, CO in Section 3, Township 5 South, Range 96 West, 6th Principal Meridian. The elevation is approximately 8,200 feet. The site is accessed via Garfield County Road 215 to Encana's NPR gate, and then a private road system (Figure 1). SURVEY METHODS A preliminary review of the project area using aerial photographs was conducted to familiarize biologists with the project area and as an aid to help determine the potential presence of wildlife and any threatened, endangered, or sensitive animal or plant species. Field data collected during previous surveys were documented and/or recorded with the aid of a handheld global positioning system (GPS) receiver utilizing NAD83 map datum, with all coordinate locations based on the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system in Zone 12. WWE biologists conducted pedestrian surveys of the area to locate and identify wildlife species, wildlife sign, wildlife habitats, and vegetative communities. Vegetation types were determined through field identification of plants, aerial photography, and on -the -ground assessments of the plant community. Visual searches for raptors and other bird species nests focused on aspen woodlands and mature Gambel oak within 0.25 -miles of the project site. Nest searches and bird identification were aided with the use of binoculars and call (vocalization) recognition. WWE biologists used an audio broadcast technique to help locate raptors in their breeding territories. WWE used "Predation MP3 Game Caller" units and followed the call/play-back methodology described by P. Kennedy (Kennedy and Stahlecker 1993; the "Kennedy-Stahlecker-Rinker" method). Data from the Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW) Natural Diversity Information Source (NDIS) was used to determine important wildlife areas. Noxious weeds that were recorded within 100 feet of the project site are discussed in this report. SECTION 4-502 E. - ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Wetlands and Waters of the U.S. Waters of the U.S. (WoUS) include wetlands and drainages under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). Perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral streams and drainages are considered WoUS if they exhibit evidence of flow (i.e. ordinary high water mark) and are WestWater Engineering Page 1 of 11 January 2013 hydrologically connected to a perennial stream. In addition to hydrology, a jurisdictional wetland will also demonstrate the unique soil and vegetation characteristics that result from inundation or saturation. The proposed project site is located on a ridge -top south of the Parachute Creek/Piceance Creek Divide, and north of the West Fork Parachute Creek (Figure 1). U.S. Geological Survey mapping indicates that no potential WoUS cross the project area and no drainages exhibiting an ordinary high water mark were observed. WWE biologists determined that no jurisdictional wetlands or drainages would be affected by the project. VEGETATION The site is located on a ridge -top in the upper elevations of the Roan Plateau. Native vegetation surrounding the site is consistent with sagebrush communities, mountain shrub, and aspen woodlands found throughout the region. Native plants that likely occur near the site are presented in Table 1. Table 1. Common plant species expected to occur near the nroiect site. Plant Species Within 100 Feet of the Site Arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata) Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) Astragalus sp. (Astragalus spp.) Needlegrass (Achnatherum spp.) Bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) Bluegrass (Poa spp.) Creeping barberry (Mahonia repens) Serviceberry (Amelanchier utahensis) Larkspur (Delphenium spp.) Snowberry (Symphoricarpos oreophilus) Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) Sulfur flower buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum) Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides) Western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Additional Common Plant Species Expected Within 0.25 Miles of the Site Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Penstemon sp. (Penstemon spp.) Smooth brome (Bromus intermis) Rubber rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa) Ceanothus (Ceanothus fendleri) Wavy -leaf thistle (Cirsium undulatum) Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) White sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana) Wax currant (Ribes cereum) Woods' rose (Rosa woodsii) Mutton grass (Poa fendleriana) Yellow rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus) Threatened, Endangered, Sensitive Plant Species An inspection of soils and terrain that occur at the project site, experience from previous WWE surveys, and review of the Colorado Rare Plant Field Guide (Spackman et. al. 1997) and the WWE GIS database (WWE 2013) indicated that no sensitive plant species would be expected to occur near the site. WestWater Engineering Page 2 of 11 January 2013 Noxious Weeds Cheatgrass (State C list—Bromus tectorum), common mullein (State C list—Verbascum Thapsus), and musk thistle (State B list—Carduus nutans) were observed and/or are known to occur near the project site. Of these, musk thistle is a Garfield County listed noxious weed species. Other commonly observed noxious weeds in the geographical area that are most likely to invade the site include bull thistle, houndstongue, and spotted knapweed. WILDLIFE Federally and State Listed Candidate, Threatened, Endangered, and Species of Concern Greater Sage -grouse is a candidate for listing under the Endangered Species Act and occurs in sagebrush habitat on the Roan Plateau. The proposed project occurs in occupied sage -grouse habitat within a mapped sage -grouse production area (NDIS 2013) (Figure 2). NDIS defines a sage -grouse production area as, "an area that would include the majority of important sage grouse nesting habitat." Lek sites (breeding/strutting grounds) are important features in sage -grouse habitat. Research by CPW indicates that approximately 80 percent of sage -grouse nesting takes place in suitable habitats within 4 -miles of the lek on which they were bred (Colorado Greater Sage -grouse Steering Committee 2008). There are nine known leks within 4 -miles of the site, five which are considered active, including the Bragg Spring, Cutoff Gulch, North Parachute Ranch, Oldland Cow Camp #2, and the Porcupine Gulch Leks. No other state listed, or threatened, endangered, or candidate species listed under the Endangered Species Act are known to occur at the project site. However, runoff from the project area would eventually drain into the Colorado River, which is designated Critical Habitat by US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for 4 federally listed endangered species of fish (USFWS 1994). The Colorado pikeminnow and razorback sucker both occur in the Colorado River downstream of the project area. Critical habitat for these two species begins at the Colorado River Bridge in Rifle, CO, and continues downstream to Lake Powell (USFWS 1994). Raptors At least twelve raptor species would be expected to nest, reside, forage, or pass through the general project area and are listed in Table 2. The most common raptor species observed in the area include American Kestrel, Cooper's Hawk, Golden Eagle, and Red-tailed Hawk. Table 2. Raptor species that may be present in the project area. Common Name Scientific Name BCC* American Kestrel Falco sparverius No Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii No Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus No Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos Yes Flammulated Owl Otus flameolus Yes Long-eared Owl Asio otus No Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis No WestWater Engineering Page 3 of 11 January 2013 Table 2. Raptor species that may be present in the nroiect area. Common Name Scientific Name BCC* Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus No Northern Saw -whet Owl Aegolius acadicus No Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis No Sharp -shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus No Swainson's Hawk Buteo swainsonii No * BCC=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Bird of Conservation Concern (FWS 2008). § BLM Sensitive Species Extensive raptor nest surveys have been conducted in and near the project area by WWE since 2007, and no nests were observed within 0.25 miles of the project area during previous surveys (WWE 2013). There are, however, several known cliff nests within 0.5 miles of the project site, including a Peregrine Falcon and a Red-tailed Hawk that were occupied during the 2012 nesting season (Figure 1). The vegetation within the surveyed area is composed of sagebrush and mountain shrub communities interspersed with stands of mature Gambel oak and aspen woodlands. Migratory, Non -migratory, and Birds of Conservation Concern (other than raptors) WWE biologists conducted pedestrian surveys and reviewed existing literature to determine the potential for the presence of any bird species that could potentially be affected by the project. Particular attention was given to identifying birds that are listed as sensitive by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW). Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) are species listed by the FWS that are priorities for conservation action (FWS 2008). The goal is to prevent or remove the need to list additional species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) by implementing proactive management and conservation actions. Species with potential to occur in the project area are listed in Table 3. Table 3. BCC and state species of concern that may occur within nroiect area. Species Common Name Species Scientific Name Status Habitat Description Potential to Occur Brewer's Sparrow Spizella breweri BCC Inhabits sagebrush dominated shrublands and typically are found in habitat that supports sage sparrows. Nesting is likely in sagebrush shrublands in the project area. Cassin's Finch Carpodacus cassinii BCC Occasionally occurs in Gambel oak and aspen woodlands. Nesting is possible in Gambel oak and aspen near the project area. BCC=Bird of Conservation Concern FWS guidelines recommend a 100 foot buffer around proposed developments for the protection of nesting migratory birds, excluding raptors. The aspen woodlands, sagebrush, and mountain shrublands in the area surrounding the project site provide nesting and foraging habitat for various migratory and non -migratory bird species, depending on the season of the year (Andrews & Righter 1992). However, the Story Booster (003) is a previously developed site, and WestWater Engineering Page 4 of 11 January 2013 therefore, no additional habitat for migratory or non -migratory bird species will be removed for the development of this project. American Elk and Mule Deer Elk and mule deer utilize the summer range extensively on the Roan Plateau. Mule deer rely on forbs and shrubs to meet the majority of their nutritional requirements, while elk rely more on grasses. Adjacent areas of aspen and mountain shrub provide necessary forage and production areas as well as escape, thermal, and loafing cover for both species during the summer. The site is located in CPW Game Management Unit (GMU) 32. The project area is within NDIS mapped mule deer and American elk overall range. The site does not lie within any mule deer winter concentration areas or within any elk production areas (Figure 3) (NDIS 2013). The area provides valuable habitat for big game for much of the year. Black Bear and Mountain Lion NDIS mapping shows the site to be within overall range for black bear and mountain lion (NDIS 2013). There is plentiful forage nearby and black bears frequent the area. Black bears are omnivorous and the diet depends largely on what kinds of food are seasonally available, although their mainstay is vegetation. In spring, emerging grasses and succulent forbs are favored. In summer and early fall, bears take advantage of a variety of berries and other fruits. In late fall, preferences are for berries and mast (acorns), where available. Black bear generally hibernate from mid-November through May. Mountain lion typically follow migrating deer herds, which provide their primary food source. Lions tend to have large territories and are highly mobile as they search for food or new territories. This species likely inhabits the project area primarily during summer months. The project area is not mapped by CPW as a potential mountain lion conflict area. Small Mammals Common small mammal species in the project area include black -tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), coyote (Canis latrans), golden -mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis), mountain cottontail (Sylvilagus nuttallii), northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides), least chipmunk (Tamias minimus), and a multitude of rodent species. Reptiles Western terrestrial garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans) have previously been observed in the vicinity of the project area. This species is common on the Roan Plateau and is typically observed around creeks and ponds but can be found far from water. Smooth green snakes (Liochlorophis vernalis) were not observed during surveys, but are known to occur on the Roan Plateau (Hammerson 1999) and have been observed at similar elevations on Old Mountain by WWE biologists. Short -horned lizards (Phrynosoma hernandesi) are fairly abundant in sagebrush habitats. These species do not have any special protection by CPW or FWS. Amphibians Since there are no permanent water sources near the site no amphibian species are expected to occupy the area and none would be potentially affected. WestWater Engineering Page 5 of 11 January 2013 SECTION 4-502 (8) (a) Determination of Long and Short-term Effects on Flora and Fauna FLORA The Story Booster (003) is a previously developed site, and no additional vegetation will be cleared as a part of this project. No TESS plants would be affected. Implementation of Encana's integrated vegetation management plan for projects on the NPR (WWE 2009) would reduce the effects of disturbance to the project site. FAUNA Greater Sage -grouse Because the Story Booster (003) is a previously developed site, no additional disturbance to sagebrush habitat within the NDIS mapped sage -grouse production area would be removed by development of the project. An increase in vehicle traffic could result in mortality due to collisions (road -kill). Certain features of the Story Booster (003) could provide hunting perches for raptors that could contribute to an increase in sage -grouse mortality. Raptors No raptor nesting habitat will be directly affected. There is a possibility for long or short-term effects related to increased human presence and activity associated with development on the Story Booster (003) site. American Elk and Mule Deer Because the Story Booster (003) is a previously developed site, no additional vegetation removal will occur, thereby not reducing available foraging habitat for big game. Increased human presence and activity may affect animal distribution. Some chemicals on the site may be toxic to wildlife including big -game. Black Bear and Mountain Lion Because the Story Booster (003) is a previously developed site, no additional serviceberry or Gambel oak will be removed by development of this project, thereby not reducing the amount of available forage for black bears. Increased human presence and activity may affect animal distribution. Potential encounters of black bear with construction personnel could occur if garbage or food is available to resident bears and incidences of human -black bear interactions sometimes result in the euthanasia of offending bears by the CPW. Mountain lion would be minimally affected. Small Mammals, Birds (BCC), and Reptiles No additional habitat loss to these species will occur as a result of project development. Increased human presence and activity may affect animal distribution. Some chemicals on the site may be toxic to wildlife. WestWater Engineering Page 6 of 11 January 2013 SECTION 4-502 (8) (c) (1) Determination of the effect on significant environmental resources --critical wildlife habitat Potential issues are outlined below. Creation of hazardous attractions: Some passerine bird species may choose to nest in or on equipment or objects at the Story Booster (003). By closing or covering all ports, hatches, cavities, and openings (such as the ends of pipes) this potential is decreased. Most non -game bird species are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703-712; Ch. 128; July 13, 1918; 40 Stat. 755) and tampering with occupied nests could be considered a "take" resulting in a violation. Indirect Construction Effects: Construction of the site introduces factors such as the presence of personnel and noise from equipment, which have potential to affect wildlife distribution and habitat use in a negative manner. Alteration of Existing Vegetation: No additional native vegetation would be removed as a result of this project. Big Game Production Areas, Winter Range, and Migration Corridors: The proposed site is not situated within an elk production area, nor within any winter concentration area, but it is within mule deer and elk overall range. No specific deer or elk migration corridors are affected, though migration occurs through and around the site. Road -kill: Speed limits are 25 miles -per -hour or less on Encana property and most wildlife in the area have become habituated to vehicle traffic. The potential for road -kill for most species should be low, with the exception of small mammals, birds (including sage -grouse), and reptiles. Bird Nesting Habitat: No additional bird nesting habitat would be directly lost within the footprint of the Story Booster (003). However, birds may avoid nearby habitats due to increased activity at the site. REFERENCES Andrews, R., and R. Righter. 1992. Colorado Birds: A Reference to Their Distribution and Habitat. Denver Museum of Natural History, Colorado. Colorado Greater Sage -grouse Steering Committee. 2008. Colorado greater sage -grouse conservation plan. Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver, Colorado, USA. FWS. 2008. Birds of Conservation Concern 2008. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, Virginia. Garfield County. 2008. Garfield County Unified Land Use Resolution. Final Draft dated July 1, 2008. Glenwood Springs, Colorado. Hammerson, G. A. 1999. Amphibians and Reptiles in Colorado, Second Edition. Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver. WestWater Engineering Page 7 of 11 January 2013 Kennedy, P. L., and D. W. Stahlecker.1993. Responsiveness of nesting northern goshawks to taped broadcasts of 3 conspecific calls. Journal of Wildlife Management, 57:249-257. NDIS. 2013. Natural Diversity Information Source—Colorado Parks and Wildlife. http://ndis.nrel.colostate.edu/wildlife.asp. Accessed January 2013. Spackman, S., B. Jennings, J. Coles, C. Dawson, M. Minton, A. Kratz, and C. Spurrier. 1997. Colorado Rare Plant Field Guide, Prepared for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Forest Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program. USFWS. 1994. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Critical Habitat for the Colorado River Endangered Fishes; Razorback Sucker, Colorado Squawfish, Humpback Chub, and Bonytail Chub. Federal Register Rules and Regulations, Vol. 59, No. 54, March 21, 1994. WWE. 2009. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc.'s North Parachute Ranch (NPR) Integrated Vegetation Management Plan: Reclamation and Noxious Weed Control. Grand Junction, Colorado. WWE. 2013. WestWater Engineering ArcGIS Database. WestWater Engineering, Grand Junction, CO. WestWater Engineering Page 8 of 11 January 2013 RVO BLANCO COUNTY aaiIR Project Location GARFIELD COUNTY Legend Occupied Raptor Nest Unoccupied Raptor Nest 1/4 Mile Raptor Survey Area I-1 1/2 Mile Raptor Survey Area n Disturbance Area County Road INVibstWater Engineer Figure 1 Hunter Ridge Energy Services, LLC 003 Story Booster Biological Survey Location and Raptors WestWater Engineering Consulting Engineers & Scientists 0 02 04 Miles Januaryary 2013 ap curce. n ana •1 as U A, Inc, tory:caster, I Y figure 1 rnxci 1t1: a1 .b RIO BLANCO COUNTY O Legend Disturbance Area ® Sage Grouse Production Area County Road stWater Engineers N� -"N` Pag '2`of 11 '',. ►/ January 7,91113ary 2013 Figure 2 Hunter Ridge Energy Services, LLC 003 Story Booster Biological Survey Sage -Grouse Activities WestWater Engineering Consulting Engineers & Scientists 0 0.2 0 Miles Map Source-L'EnCana Oil & Gas USA, 1110002 Slory Boosle rGIS',Flgure 2 rend 11182013 rbb RIO BLANCO COUNTY Project Location GARFIELD COUNTY W.-;2 f'•wir - • f'i11 i• Legend ® Mule Deer Winter Concentration Area Elk Production Area n Disturbance Area 24 County Road WstWater Engineering Figure 3 Hunter Ridge Energy Services, LLC 003 Story Booster Biological Survey Big Game Activities WestWater Engineering Consulting Engineers & Scientists 0 0.A 08 Miles January Zintary 2013 Map Source. ZAEnCena Oil & Gas USA. Inci003 Story &ooster,GIS'figure 3.msd 111812013 rbb STORY BOOSTER (003) HUNTER RIDGE ENERGY SERVICES, LLC Section 7-202 Protection of Wildlife Habitat Areas Garfield County Unified Land Use Resolution 2008 Cover photo: Looking south toward the Story Booster (003). Prepared for: Hunter Ridge Energy Services, LLC Prepared by: WestWater Engineering 2516 Foresight Circle #1 Grand Junction, CO 81505 January 2013 WILDLIFE Raptors No occupied raptor nests have been documented within 0.25 miles of the site since intensive surveys began in the area in 2007. Two cliff nests were occupied during the 2012 nesting season in the cliffs south of the project area in West Fork Parachute Creek, and there are several other cliff nests that were unoccupied in 2012. Activities associated with development of the Story Booster (003) have minimal potential to impact raptor populations, as this is a previously developed site, and lies within an area that is currently experiencing high levels of activity associated with natural gas development. Operation of the facility is likely to have little indirect affect on raptors that have become at least partially habituated to a significant amount of human activity in the area. In addition, the Story Booster (003) is located at a higher elevation than the cliff nests, and terrain provides a visual barrier between the site and the nests, further decreasing the liklihood for impacts to raptors from this project. Greater Sage -grouse Sage -grouse occupy and potentially nest in the sagebrush habitat near the site, which is mapped as a sage -grouse production area (NDIS 2013). Because this is a previously developed site, no direct impacts to sage -grouse from brush clearing will occur. Sage -grouse predators such as Red-tailed Hawks and Golden Eagles could benefit from additional edge habitat and potential hunting perches created by the project, resulting in an increase in predation on sage -grouse. Deterrent devices should be used to prevent raptors from utilizing structures on the site as hunting perches. The potential for road -kill exists, although speed limits are low and signage warning drivers of the presence of sage -grouse is in place. American Elk and Mule Deer No additional foraging habitat for big game will be lost as a result of development of the Story Booster (003). Implementation of Encana's noxious weed management plan (WWE 2009) would promote continued health of the vegetation community in the area surrounding the development. A reclamation plan should be implemented to reduce the establishment of noxious weeds in disturbed areas. Reclamation of disturbed areas not utilized as part of the facilities would decrease the presence of noxious weeds and provide forage for mule deer and elk. Wildlife should be considered before any fencing is designed or built. Following wildlife friendly fencing standards reduces the costs of repairing fences damaged by wildlife, reduces the chance of mortality from animals becoming entangled in the fence, and allows for less restricted movements throughout an area. The CPW has published guidelines for fence construction that reduce impacts to wildlife (Hanophy 2009). Black Bear Black bear will likely be foraging in the habitat surrounding the project site, particularly when berries and acorns ripen. Personnel may be unfamiliar with wildlife in the area and should be informed of the potential for bear interactions. Personnel should not feed bears at any time. Bears should not be approached if encountered in the project area. All garbage and any food items should be removed from the site on a daily basis. WestWater Engineering Page 1 of 3 January 2013 Mitigation of Habitat Loss to Migratory Birds No additional vegetation removal will occur as a result of development of the Story Booster (003). Implementation of Encana's noxious weed management plan (WWE 2009) would promote continued health of the vegetation community in the area surrounding the development. A reclamation plan should be implemented to reduce the establishment of noxious weeds in disturbed areas. Reclamation of disturbed areas not utilized as part of the Story Booster (003) would decrease the potential for infestation by noxious weeds and replace foraging habitat for birds. Small Mammals and Reptiles There are no seasonal limitations or special requirements for development related to these species. PRESERVATION OF NATIVE VEGETATION The best method to mitigate loss of wildlife habitat is to increase the availability of native forage in the form of grasses and shrubs by reseeding disturbed areas. Native grasses would provide the greatest benefit for wildlife. Application of Encana's integrated vegetation management plan (WWE 2009) would provide a basis for appropriate mitigation. Treatment and Control of Noxious Weed Infestations The highest priority for noxious weed management is to prevent the establishment of any noxious weed infestation of the project site. Noxious weeds aggressively compete with native vegetation. Most have come from Europe or Asia, either accidentally or as ornamentals that have escaped. Once established, they tend to spread quickly because the insects, diseases, and animals that normally control them are absent. Prevention is especially valuable in the case of noxious weed management. Noxious weeds are spread by man, animals, water, and wind. Prime locations for the establishment of noxious weeds include roadsides, construction sites, wetlands, riparian corridors, and areas that are overused by animals or humans. Subsequent to soil disturbances, vegetation communities can be susceptible to infestations of invasive or exotic weed species. Vegetation removal and soil disturbance during any ground disturbing activities can create optimal conditions for the establishment of invasive, non-native species. Construction equipment traveling from weed -infested areas into weed -free areas could disperse noxious or invasive weed seeds and propagates, resulting in the establishment of these weeds in previously weed -free areas. Several simple practices should be employed to prevent most weed infestations. The following practices should be adopted for any activity to reduce the costs of noxious weed control through prevention. The practices include: Prior to delivery to the site, equipment should be thoroughly cleaned of soils remaining from previous construction sites which may be contaminated with noxious weeds. If working in sites with weed -seed contaminated soil, equipment should be cleaned of potentially seed -bearing soils and vegetative debris at the infested area prior to moving to uncontaminated terrain. WestWater Engineering Page 2 of 3 January 2013 All maintenance vehicles should be regularly cleaned of soil. Avoid driving vehicles through areas where weed infestations exist. REFERENCES Hanophy, W. 2009. Fencing with Wildlife in Mind. Colorado Division of Wildlife. Denver. Available online: http://wildlife. state.co.us/SiteCollectionDocuments/DOW/LandWater/PrivateLandProgra ms/DOWFencingWithWildlifeInMind.pdf NDIS. 2013. Natural Diversity Information Source—Colorado Parks and Wildlife. http://ndis.nrel.colostate.edu/wildlife.asp. Accessed January 2013. WWE. 2009. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc.'s North Parachute Ranch (NPR) Integrated Vegetation Management Plan: Reclamation and Noxious Weed Control. Grand Junction, Colorado. WestWater Engineering Page 3 of 3 January 2013 Reclamation Plan ■ HUNTER RIDGE ENERGY SERVICES LLC .,:..po iiiiTd. for:: :votcowl: oitairo (;wi, (USA)„ TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND l Climatic Zones within the NPR 1 Upper Zone Middle Zone Lower Zone 3 RECLAMATION CHALLENGES AND AVOIDANCE RECOMMENDATIONS 5 RECLAMATION CONSIDERATIONS 5 Tithing of Re -vegetation Work 5 Topsoil Handling 6 Use of Fertilizer 6 Use of Mulch 7 Use of Certified Seed 7 Harvesting Local Seed 7 Seed Testing 8 Inoculation of Legumes 8 Inoculation of Sterile Soils 8 Determination of Pure Live Seed (PLS) ratio 8 SEED MIXTURE RECOLIMENDATIONS 9 Reclamation Monitoring 11 Weeds 12 REFERENCES 16 INTRODUCTION This document is a reclamation guide For use in restoration of lands on Encana.'s North Parachute Ranch, where oil and gas development activities have disturbed the surface by the construction of well pads, roads, and pipelines. Encana has asked WestWater Engineering to provide recommendations that will facilitate initial re -vegetation and re-establishment of natural succession of native plant species. This plan is based on the combined knowledge of WestWater's biologists (Michael W. Klish, Rusty Roberts and Bill Clark), who have personal experience in the project area vicinity that spans more than 30 years each, and available literature provided in the reference section. Encana's land use objective for the North Parachute Ranch is to re-establish a self-sustaining vegetation cover integrated with the surrounding ecosystems. The plan is a "working document" and subject to amendment and revision based upon new information and changes in land use at NPR. The recommendations included herein apply to disturbances on upland plant communities. Recommendations for wetland habitats are not included as disturbance to these plant communities are expected to be minimal. This document provides recommendations for the following major subject areas: (1) Reclamation Challenges and Critical Area Avoidance (2) Reclamation (3) NPR Seed Mixtures (4) Reclatnation Monitoring BACKGROUND Climatic Zones within the NPR There are three climatic zones within the NPR and are referred to as the Upper, Iviiddle and Lower Zones. Similar precipitation patterns, soils and plant communities exist within the three zones. The Upper Zone consists of lands above the rimrock escarpment of the Roan Plateau at elevations between 7,500 to 8,500 feet; excluding slopes greater than 20%, south facing areas. The Middle Zone consists of lands between the escarpment of the plateau to the toe of the slope along the valley floors at elevations between 7,500 and 6,000; including steep, south facing slopes above 7,500 feet. The Lower Zone consists of the lower terraces and €loodplains along the valley bottoms of the major drainages below elevations of 6,000 feet. The location of NPR is shown on Figure 1 (attached), a 2005 aerial photo showing the general locations of the Upper, Middle and Lower Zones. NPR Reclarnation Plan 1 May 2006 LPper Zone The Upper Zone receives 16 to 25 inches of annual precipitation. A majority of the annual precipitation is received during non -growing season (late fall/winter). Primary plant communities in the Upper Zone are Mountain Big SagebrushlWW'heatgrass and Upland Deciduous Shrub/Wheatgrass shrublands with smaller occurrences of Aspen and Douglas Fir forests and riparian shrub, tree and wetland habitats. The plant communities in the Upper Zone have the greatest diversity of plant species. Most of these species have adapted mechanisms for establishment and survival in the presence of the competition exerted by other species in the community. These communities are dominated by short-lived cool season bunch grasses, which are an important factor in providing interspaces for establishment and maintenance of (orbs and shrubs within the community. Some of the major species in the Upper Zone are listed in the following table. Major Native Plant Species within select Upper Zone Plant Communities Grass/Grass like Forbs Shrubs Letterman Needlegrass Mountain Lupine _ Mountain Big Sagebrush Colombia Needlegrass Silky Lupine Antelope Bitterbrush Slender Wheatgrass Rocky Mtn. Penstetnon Mountain Snowberry Mountain Brotne Watson Pensternon Low Rabbitbrush Nodding Brorne Sulphur Buckwheat Utah Serviceberry Green Needlegrass American Vetch Gambel's Oakbrush Idaho Fescue Western Yarrow Chokecherry Elk Sedge Many -Flowered Phlox Red Elderberry Basin Wildr-y'e Arrowleaf balsarnroot Blue Wildrve Upper Zone Summar), Soils within this zone are primarily loam textured soils within the Parachute-Rhone-Irigul series. These soils are mostly well -drained, cool soils with dark -colored, organic -rich surface layers derived from shale and sandstone. Soil textures above the rirn are generally loam with loam to clay loam sub -soils and range in depth from <20"on ridges to >60" in swales. All of the upland soils above the rim are in low to medium erosion classes (BLM, 2004, Fox, et al., 1973). Middle Zone The Middle Zone receives 13 to 14 inches of annual precipitation. A majority of the annual precipitation is received during non -growing season (late fall/winter), A significant portion of this zone consists of unstable slopes that are relatively barren of any vegetation. According to Fox, et al., 1973, these barren slopes are fairly erosion resistant if undisturbed. Primary plant communities on more stable slopes are Bunchgrass/Forb Open Grassland, Upland Deciduous Shrub `WVheatgrass shrublands, Pinyon/juniper woodlands and Douglas Fir forests. These communities are dominated by cool season bunch grasses. NPR Reclamation Plan ? May 2006 Major Native Plant S ecies within select Middle Zone Plant Communities Grass/Grass like 1:: orbs Shrubs Bluebunch'b'heatgrass Fringed Sage (Flalt-Shrub) Utah Serviceberry Indian Riceerass Watson Penstemon _ ZIountain Big Sagebrush Thickspike Wheaterass Sulphur Buckwheat Antelope Bitterbrush Green Needdlegrass Western Yarrow Mountain Mahogany Junegrass Lewis Flax Gambel's Oakbrush Basin W'ildrye Silky Lupine Mountain Snowberry Elk Sedge Utah Sweetvetch Low Rabbitbrush \fiddle Zone Summary' The area below the rim encompassing the cliffs, talus and steep colluvial slopes at the base of the cliffs are derived from the Green River shale. Below the cliffs and talus is a zone of soils formed from colluvium and Wasatch Formation. Soils are shallow, poorly developed. and there are many rock outcrops and badlands. Badlands are steep, nearly barren areas dissected by many ephemeral drainages. Badlands of the Wasatch Formation content and are calcareous. Lower Zone Soils on the upper slopes of this zone have a thin, organic -rich surface layer and little development of soil horizons. Soils on lower slopes are shallow to moderately deep and are well -drained. Surface texture is loam, clay loam, or silt clay loam with variable amounts of gravel, cobbles and boulders, talus slopes and colluvial slopes below rock outcrops. Soils are moderate to highly alkaline. Sub -soils usually have higher clay. Erosion hazard is usually severe (BLM, 2004). The Lower Zone receives 10 to 13 inches of annual precipitation. A majority of the annual precipitation is received during non -growing season (late fall/winter). This zone contains some of the most arid sites. Primary plant communities in the Lower Zone on benches and terraces are Wyoming Big Sagebrush Wheatgrass shrublands grading to salt desert shrubs like fourwing saltbush or shadscale on the most arid sites. The floodplain communities include Basin Big Sagebrush, Greasewood shrublands on old floodplain terraces and streamside riparian woodlands with cottonwood or box -elder habitats. Cool -season bunchgrasses or cool -season sod -forming grasses or both dominate plant communities in the Lower Zone. NPR Reclamation Plan 3 May 2006 14'ta'or Native Plant S ecies within select Lower Zone Plant Communities Grass/Grass like 1 Forbs Shrubs Western WWheatgrass Hoods Phlox Wyoming Big Sagebrush Indian Ricefzrass Scarlet Globemallow Basin Big Sagebrush Needle -and -Thread Grass Utah Sweetvetch Greasewood Bottlebrush Squirreltail Silverleat Lupine Rubber Rabbitbrush Junegrass Lewis Flax Antelope Bitterbrush Sandberg Bluegrass Longleaf Phlox Low Rabbitbrush Bluebunch'heatgrass Thickleaf Pensternon Broom Snakeweed Basin Wildrye Winterfat Shadscale Saltbush Four Wing Saltbush Riparian 1lahitat in the Lower Zone Streams are narrow and low and high points in the annual hydrograph are widely divergent. Riparian plant communities below the cliffs are deciduous woodlands on lower stream terraces and floodplains dominated by Fremont cottonwood at lower elevations and narrowleaf and box - elder at higher elevations up to the escarpments. Mature box -elder woodlands with a dense understory of shrubs including river birch, alder and red -osier dogwood dominate the lower West Fork immediately below the West Fork Falls. The East Fork woodlands may include Douglas fir. Woody plant diversity is greatest in undisturbed riparian habitat in this zone. Major Native Plant Species within select Lower Zone Riparian Communities Grass/Grass like Forbs Shrubs/Trees Inland saltgrass Western white clematis Fremont cottonwood Foxtail barley Marsh -elder Narrowleaf cottonwood Arctic rush W ild licorice Box -elder Switchgrass Wild mint Black chokecherry Western Wheatarass Brook cinquefoil Skunkbush sumac Prairie cordgrass Canada goldenrod Wood's rose Golden currant Sandbar willow _ Peach1eaf willow Bebb willow Lower Zone Summary Soils in the lower zone are calcareous, moderate to strongly alkaline, some highly saline, loams and silty clay loams on benches, terraces and alluvial fans. Floodplain soils are sandy loam or loam stratified with sand, gravel or cobbles derived From shale or sandstone. Soils formed in the alluvium are derived from sandstones, shales and rnarls and appear on benches, terraces, alluvial NPR Reclamation Plan 4 May 2006 fans and Iloodplains in the Lower Zone. Surface texture ranges from loam and sandy loam to clay loam with sub -soils of sandy loam to clay (Fox, et. al 6973 and BLM. 2004). RECLAMATION CHALLENGES AND AVOIDANCE RECOMMENDATIONS North Parachute Ranch presents extreme reclamation challenges from a broad array of climate and geomorphological tractors inherent to the site. These factors often act synergistically and increase the negative effects exponentially. These factors include: • Steep slopes and potential for soil movement. • Effective soil moisture issues including timing of seeding to coincide with natural precipitation. • Difficulty in re -contouring to blend with extreme slopes of natural topography. • Thin soils due to infertility from slope, exposure and soil source materials. • Slumps (instability, difficulty in holding slopes). • Difficulty preventing establishment of noxious weeds in disturbed land. • Riparian areas especially those dominated by mature cottonwoods,box-elder/shrubs (due to wildlife and water quality value and long-term needed to establish large trees). Such areas, if disturbed, are very likely to require more time and expense to effectively reclaim.. For example, riparian woodland and shrubland disturbances may require installation of live plant materials in the form of containerized trees and shrubs. Installation and three years of careful oversight and watering of these woody species to insure survival is far more costly than disturbance on sites, which can be successfully re -seeded. In addition to susceptibility to erosion and sediment problems. difficult, listed noxious weeds also present a reclamation challenge of huge proportions. For these reasons, it is recommended livestock grazing. be postponed indefinitely. Canada thistle on the West Fork and houndstongue on the East Fork seriously threaten riparian plant communities. Both problems are exasperated by grazing of livestock upstream from NPR property. Prudence suggests reducing the problem as much as possible and one technique for slowing the spread of invasive weeds is to remove livestock. Livestock decrease native plant abilities to compete with invasive species. Livestock can physically move weed seeds around the property in their coats or by ingesting and excreting viable weed seeds. RECLAMATION CONSIDERATIONS This section provides recommendations for actions that should be taken in conjunction with seeding of sites undergoing reclamation. Timing of Re -vegetation Work Timing of re -vegetation is critical to the success of the work. Replacement of topsoil should occur just prior to re -seeding to prevent early germination and establishment of highly competitive annual weeds. In nearly all cases, re -vegetation should occur as quickly as possible NPR Reclamation Plan 5 May 2006 after topsoiling, in order to maintain soil nutrients and microbe levels, discourage weed invasion, and control erosion. Re -seeding should be tuned to coincide immediately prior to the season of greatest precipitation, late fall, winter. Seed of many native plant species require a period of freezing temperatures prior to germination which ensures the seed will germinate in spring when soil moisture conditions are optimum for establishment and survival of the seedling. Also, several native species, such as big sagebrush, begin their slow germination process under snow cover. Ideally, topsoil replacement should occur in [ate August and September followed by re -seeding in late September to early December prior to freezing soil surface. If re -vegetation occurs too early, seeds are subjected to unnecessary exposure to seed predators and spoilage. If it occurs too late (spring planting), seeds and plants may encounter insufficient moisture to germinate or to survive after germination, and will be Faced with higher competition from annual weeds. Topsoil Handling Proper handling and storage of topsoil is critical to successful re -vegetation, especially in the case of re-establishing important native plant species on disturbed areas. The topsoil contains soil microbes (bacteria, rnicorrhiza, invertebrates) and seed banks of viable seed for the native plants present on the site. Many native plant species depend upon the activity of soil microbes for germination in some instances and for establish and survival of most seedlings. Topsoil is usually stripped from a site and stored in the smallest place possible in deep, unstable piles. Stockpiling topsoil in deep, unstable piles for long periods (over 30 days) results in the loss or limitation of topsoil microbes and viable seed. This is especially so where soils are stockpiled more than several Feet in height and biological activity is diminished from lack of oxygen. Topsoil should be protected from erosion and weed invasion. Topsoil should be stockpiled in piles no deeper than 2 feet with stable slopes and be positioned to minimize exposure to wind and water erosion. Topsoil piles stored for longer than 30 days should be immediately seeded to provide cover to reduce erosion, provide competition for weed species, and to maintain viability of the soil fungi and microbe communities. Several fast germinating sterile cover crops ("Regreen" and " Qruickguard") are comTnercially available that should be used For short period storage of topsoil. Topsoil stored for more than one growing season should be seeded with one of the recommended seed mixes based upon the zone the site is in. Using the recommended seed mixes on long-term storage piles will help maintain biological activity and provide a seed bank of viable seed. If long-term stockpiling or deep stockpiling can not be avoided, application of micorrhizal inoculants (see section below) may be beneficial. Use of Fertilizer Use of fertilizer should not be used in the reclamation of arid or semi -arid sites. These areas are typically at high risk of invasion by exotic annual weeds, almost all of which are favored by higher levels of nitrogen. Native western species are well adapted to the low fertility of soils in these areas. There are many cases of severe weed infestations, which are directly attributable to NPR Reclamation Plan 6 May 2006 addition of nitrogen. [n addition to the considerable cost incurred, the routine use of fertilizer may well trigger problems with undesirable annual invaders, which can be essentially impossible to correct. Use of :Mulch Mulch should be used only where there are specific indications for its application, and not as a routine element in reclamation. Et may be useful in wetter areas or on extremely steep areas where severe erosion potential exists. On drier upland areas there are a number of potential problems. These include: wicking of soil moisture leading to increased evaporation, alteration of carbon: nitrogen ratios, attraction of rodent and invertebrates to seed and seedling predators, and plant competition from grain or weed seeds in the mulch. VvIere mulch is used, it is imperative that it be retained either by mechanical crimping, application of a tackifier, or with netting. These materials and the time required for their application add substantially to reclamation costs. Use of Certified Seed The two types of certified seed are "Blue Tagged Certified Seed" and "Yellow Tagged Source Identified Seed", Certified Seed (Blue Tag.): Seed Certification is th.e means of maintaining the pedigree (genetically pure seed) of a specific variety of seed. Each state has a seed certifying agency or crop improvement association that certifies seed. Blue Tagged Certified Seed must meet high purity and germination standards and have a low weed content, usually less than 0.25 percent. Blue tagged certified seed can not contain any prohibited noxious weeds of the state of certification. Many native species are now available in certified cultivars and in most cases the certified cultivars are Lower cost. Source Identified Seed (Yellow Tai.,): There is a strong market for native plant materials, but there may not be certified ecotypes available due to a lack of breeding, low supply, or high cost to produce, or unreliable demand. In most cases, native plant material should be acquired from harvest areas with the same or higher latitude of the area of intended use. State seed laws only require that the actual state of origin be on the label. To receive seed from the area you designate, it is advisable to request "Source Identified Seed" in order to ensure that a certification agency has verified the exact location from which the seed was harvested. Source Identified certification is in place in Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming and Montana. Yellow tags do not guarantee that the seed is free of noxious weeds. Buyers should refer to the vendor's label for analysis and weed content, or better yet, test the seed themselves. Harvesting Local Seed Plant species commonly display considerable site adaptation and variability. Thus seed collected far from its eventual planting site often does Less well than seed of the same species collected closer to the planting site. Most professional seed suppliers record the collection site, and it may be possible to choose seed that is from locally adapted plants. If such seed is not available, the possibility of contracting with collectors to obtain focal seed should be investigated. NPR Reclarnation Plan 7 May 2006 Seed Testing Testing seed is the only way to insure the quality of the seed (purity and viability' and that no undesirable species are present. Purity tests will show the percentages of crop, weed and inert matter (material other than seed such as stems or chaff), and show if the percentage of each species in the mix meets the standards ordered. The terms germination and viability are sometimes used interchangeably, but do not have the same meaning. A germination test will determine how seeds perform under favorable conditions; however, some seeds are dormant and do not germinate even though they are still alive. Dormant seeds have the potential to germinate if dormancy is broken, usually through time and,'or physiological stimulus. A viability test will show the sum of the percent germinated and percent dormant seeds in a seed lot, providing information on the potential germination of the lot. Proper seed sampling is very important. The test results received can be rio better than the sample sent in. Samples should be sent to a seed lab that tests according to the standards established by the National Association of Official Seed Certification Analysts. inoculation of Legumes Most legume seeds should be treated with commercially available Rhr:obium inoculants to ensure that they are able to make best advantage of their capabilities for nitrogen fixation. Legumes included in seed mixes are: American Vetch, Cicer's Milkvetch, Sainfoin, and Utah Sweetvetch. Inoculation of Sterile Soils Arbuscular mycorrhiza (fungi) are components of live topsoil and form symbiotic relationships with plant roots. There are two types and they are especially critical for plants in infertile soils or drought prone areas such as those found on NPR.. In most cases on NPR, endornycorrhiza should be used to inoculate the soil since this is the type of fungi that associates with herbaceous and broadleafed woody plants. If coniferous species such as pinyon pine, Utah juniper, or Douglas fir are prescribed in reclamation, an ectomycorrhizal fungi would also be desirable. Improperly stored topsoil and areas with little or no topsoil should be treated with commercial mycorrhiza (Barrow, 1995). Mycorrihizal inoculants are available in two forms: as a granular form for application during seeding, and as a powder for coating of seeds prior to seeding. Granular forms are typically applied at a rate of 20 lbsr'acre and powder inoculents are applied to the seed at a rate of 1 lbs/acre. When broadcast seeded, the granular form must be incorporated into the soil with seed by harrowing. Determination of Pure Live Seed (PLS) Ratio Before a seed application rare can be determined it is necessary to determine the percentage of pure live seed (pis) in the supplied seed. Seed may contain weed seed, seed of other species, chaff, sand, and other inert material, and broken seeds. PLS equals the percent purity times the percent germination. Most species are sold on a PLS basis, with the price adjusted accordingly. When given a choice between buying on a PLS or bulk basis, PLS is always preferable. Less NPR Reclamation Plan 8 May 2006 expensive seeds with lower purity and germination may actually cost more on a PLS basis than more expensive seed. SEED MIXTURE RECOMMENDATIONS The following seed mixtures include native grasses that 1) provide good soil protection, 2) are not overly competitive to allow native forbs and shrubs to repopulate disturbed areas, and are commercially available in quantities for small acreage projects. Mountain big sagebrush is not included in the mixture as it is expected to repopulate disturbance from undisturbed stands (anticipated disturbances are small/linear). Sagebrush also requires a different seeding strategy (broadcast on frozen soil or on early snow cover). Activities that result in removal of areas greater than 5 acres of sagebrush, and are not within [00 feet of sagebrush to provide seed source may need to have sagebrush included in the seed mixture. Recommended Seed Mix for Upper Zone Disturbances Species Variety (eultirvar) Seeding Rate (PLS*/Ac) Grasses SlenderVhcatnrass San Luis 3.0 lbs Mountain BroEne Garnet 2.0 lbs Nodding Drome 2.0 Ibs Idaho Fescue or Letterman's Needlegrass 1.0 Ibs Fo rb s Rocky Mtn. Penstemon 1.0 Ibs Cicer Milkvetch 1.0 Ibs Utah Sweetvetch 1.0 lbs Western Yarrow 0.5 Ibs American Vetch 1.0 lbs Shrubs Antelope Bitterbrush 2.0 lbs *Pure Live Seed Total 14.5 lbs/pls/ac NPR Reclamation Plan 9 May 2006 Recommended Seed Mix for Middle Zone Disturbances Species Species Variety (cultivar) Seeding Rate (PLS*f A.c) �Vestern \\ heatgrass ' Arriba Grasses Needle -and -Thread Grass Slender wVheatgrass San Luis Critana 3.0 Ibs Indian Ricegrass Bluebunch ' heatgrass or Beardless Bluebunch P-7 preferred, Goldar Anatone, or Whitmar Bluebunch Wheatgrass or Beardless Bluebunch 2.0 lbs 1.0 Ibs Thickspike Wheatgrass Critana 0.5 Ibs 2.0 lbs 1.0 lbs Indian Ricegrass Rimrock 0.5 lbs 1.0 lbs Fortis Shrubs J Rocky Mtn, Pcnstenzon - - Four -wing Saltbush 1.0 lbs 1.0 lbs Utah Sweetvetch 1.0 lbs 1.0 lbs Western Yarrow 0.5 lbs Cicer Milkvetch 1.0 lbs American Vetch 1.0 lbs Shrubs Antelope Bitterbrush 1.0 Ibs Mountain Mahogany 1.0 Ibs Four -wing Saltbush Rincon 1.0 lbs *Pure Live Seed Total 15.5 lbs pls/ac Recommended Seed Mix for Lower Zone Disturbances Species Variety (cultivar) Seeding Rate (PLS*/Ac) Grasses �Vestern \\ heatgrass ' Arriba 3.0 Ibs Needle -and -Thread Grass 1.0 lbs Thicks.ike \Aiheat rass Critana 2.0 lbs Indian Ricegrass Rimrock 2.0 Ibs Bluebunch Wheatgrass or Beardless Bluebunch P7 preferred, Goldar, Anatone orWhitmar 1.0 Ibs Forbs Scarlet Globetnallow 0.5 Ibs Utah Sweetvetch 1.0 lbs Cicer Milkvetch 0.5 lbs Lew. is Flax 0.5 lbs Shrubs Rubber rabbitbrush 1.0 lbs Four -wing Saltbush Wvtana 1.0 lbs Gardner Saltbush andior Shadscale Saltbush 1.0 lbs *Pure Live Seed Total 14.5 lbs .Isaac NPR Reclamation Plan 10 May 2006 Recommended Seed Mix for Lower Zone Riparian Disturbances Species Variety (cultivar) Seeding Rate (PLS*Lhic) Grasses Western Wheatarass Arri ba 3.0 lbs. Bluebunch Wheatgrass P-7 2.0 [bs. Basin WI Idryc nar Mao ..., 2.0 Canby Bluegrass Canbar 0.5 Forbs Western Varrow 0.5 Utah Sweetvetch 1.0 Scarlet globeniallow 1 0.5 Shrubs Fourwing saltbush 1.0 Skunkbush Sumac 0.5 *Pure Live Seed Total 11.0 lbs./pis/acre Attached as an Appendix is the table Reclamation Seed Mix Preferred Species for North Parachute Ranch Plant Communities, EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. listing potential species suitable for reclamation work on NPR. The list is provided to account For site diversity, unstable prices and availability or plants useful for reclamation. The table can be used to replace a single, unavailable species or to develop a complete seed mix. Of great importance is the soil texture adaptation information in the Appendix. Species with wide ranges of tolerance (i.e., species with adaptation ratings or mostly twos and threes) should be selected whenever possible. Et is necessary to adjust the total number of seeds planted per square foot to precipitation. soil moisture and texture, slope and aspect. In the Lower Zone and riparian terraces fewer total seeds per square foot will likely yield better results if seedling plants are not over-whelmed by total numbers of plants. In the Middle Zone of NPR, more seeds can be planted due to generally higher precipitation and better soils in localized areas, while Upper Zone precipitation and deeper soils will successfully sustain higher numbers of seedlings per square foot. Grasses ha \ e consistently performed better than forbs or shrubs in land reclamation. More species of grasses should be in a mix than forbs or shrubs except in the case of shrub -only plantings. Species selected and the number of seeds per square foot allocated to that species are based on soil, zone, and experience in similar situations with other plantings. Generally, Lower Zone and riparian area recipes should have fewer species of plants in the mix, e.g. three grasses, one forb and one shrub for a total or five species in the mix. Middle Zone mixes should have a moderate number or species of plants in a mix, e.g. four grasses, two forbs and one shrub species for a total of seven species in a mix. Upper zones can have as many as nine species in a mix including four grasses, two or three forbs and two or three shrubs. Reclamation Monitoring Success of revegetation should be judged on the effectiveness of the vegetation for the post- developmertr land use of the property, and the extent of cover compared to the cover occurring in natural vegetation of the area. Projected cover of desirable species should be based on cover NPR Reclamation Plan 1 1 May 2006 measured in undisturbed reference areas (not including non-native, invasive species such as noxious weeds). A Natural Reference Area for each zone should be established in order to treasure the success of reclamation. Transects would be established in each zone establish for representative plant communities to enable biologists to determine if desirable species have been successfully established. and ifthey provide sufficient aerial cover to adequately protect the site from erosion and invasive weeds. Reclamation Monitoring will provide evidence of whether a self-sustaining plant community has been established and whether vegetative processes such as reproduction and seedling establishment are occurring. Transects in 'late spring and late surnrner will provide identification and contribution of most if not all dominant plants found on NPR (Ferchau, 1973). Monitoring results can be compared to studies conducted for oil shale projects in the 1970's. Ferchau, 1973 covers the ExxonMobil property adjacent to much of NPR lands. Environmental studies conducted on NPR by previous owner Union Oil of California should be located and could serve as reference information. Weeds The need to cooperate with adjoining landowners, especially those upstream, to reduce and control invasion of noxious weeds is imperative. Two species, Canada Thistle and Houndstongue are currently invading undisturbed NPR lands on the East and West Forks of Parachute Creek from adjoining private and public lands. Encana needs the cooperation and assistance from adjoining landowners to control this serious problem. A separate integrated vegetation and noxious weed management plan listing and locating all known populations of noxious weeds on. NPR is in preparation. NPR Reclamation Plan 12 May 2006 Representative views of current conditions reflect the diversity of plant communities on NPR. Upper Zone Ridgetop Shrublands Lower Zone Benches cr."44. - ' ''''' - , ,•,- ...1°110gUIV......, _.::. • ;g 1.. ...;.2`.. ”,.. • ........:,L;': - .7- - =,--- . ' 11)` ••• ,r -- East Fork Parachute Creek Riparian NPR Reclamation Plan Middle Zone cliffs, colluvium, harsh slope and aspect Riparian Woodlands Below West Fork Falls. 13 May 2006 Cross Reference of Names of Plant Species used in Document Common Name Scientific Name Grasses/Grass Like Basin \Vildrye Lemurs cinerceus Bluebunch WheatLrass_ Beardless Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. inermis Bluebunch Wheatgrass, Bearded Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. spicata ' Blue Wildrye Elvrrrus glcrucus Bottlebrush Squirreltail Elymus elymoides Canada thistle Cirsiwn arvense Columbia Needlegrass Achnatherum nelsonii ssp. dorei Elk Sedg.e Curer geveri Green INreedlegrass 1Vassellcr viridula Houndstongue C.vnoglossunr officirrale Idaho Fescue Festuca idahoerasis Indian Ricegrass Achnathernurm hvmenoides Letterman Needlegrass Achnatherupn lettermanii Mountain Brome Brontus Marginal us Needle & Thread Grass Hesperostipa comata ssp. comata Nodding Brorne Brooms anomalus Prairie Junegrass Koeleria cristata Sandberg. Bluegrass Poa sandbergii Slender Wheatgrass Elvmus trachvcauhts ssp. trRachvcaulus Thickspike Wheatgrass Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolcrtus Western 'wVheatgrass Pascopyrurrr srrrithii Fortis American Vetch Vicki americana Arrowleaf Balsamroot BalsamorrhL a sagitata Cicer Milkvetch Astragalus cider. Fringed sagebrush (half -shrub) Artemisia frigida Lewis Blue Flax Litwin lewisii Longleaf Phlox Phlox longr_'vlia Many -flowered Phlox Phlox multiflora Mountain Lupine Lupinus argenteus ssp. rubricaulis Rocky Mountain Penstemon Penstemon strictus Sainfoin Onobr.vchis viciiiblia Scarlet G lobemallow Sphaeralcea coccinea Scarlet Indian Paintbrush Ccrstilleja rniriata Silky Lupine Lupinus sericeus Lupinus argenteus Silverleaf Lupine Small Burnet Sunuisorba minor Sulfur Buckwheat Eriogonum umbellatrrm Thickleaf Penstemon Penstemon pachvphyllus Utah Sweetvetch Hedvsarun horeale Watson Penstemon Penstemon wastonii Western Yarrow Achillea lanulosa NPR Reclamation Plan 14 May 2006 Western Yarrow Achillea rraillefolium ssp. occic ntcalis Wyotning Indian Paintbrush Castiffefa linariiaef ulia Shrubs Antelope Bitterbrush Pw.vhica tridentatc1 Big Sagebrush, Basin Artemisia tridentate ssp. trick) it 1 Big Sagebrush, Mountain Artemisia tridentata ssp. v°casevarca Bid Sagebrush, 4Vyo;nine: Artemisia triclentcata sap. wyomingensis Broom Snakeweed - Xanthocephafuna sarothrae Chokecherry Prunus virginiana Four -wing Saltbush Atriplex canescens Gambel Oak Quercus gainbelii Gardner Saltbush Atriplex gardneri Low Rabbitbrush Chr-vsothcatnnus viseidiflorus Mountain Snowberry Svmpfrcaricaapos oreaphilus Red Elderberry Sambucus racemosa Rubber Rabbitbrush - Ericameria nauseasus ssp. nauseosus Skunkbush Sumac Rhus trilobata ssp. trilobata Shadscale Atriplex confertifolia Utah Serviceberry Amelanchier wt' ahensis L''interfat krascheninnikavia fa/iata Trees Box Eider .•!e'er negundo Douglas Fir Pseudutsuga menWesii Narrow leaf Cottonwood Populus angustfolia NPR Reclamation Plan 15 May 2006 REFERENCES Alstatt, David K. 2003. Soil Survey of Douglas -Plateau Area. Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counts'. US Dept. Ag., NRCS, 355 pp., 46 Map sheets. Barrow', JR., and Bobby D. McCaslin, 1995. Role of microbes in resource management in arid ecosystems. In: Barrow, J.R., E.D. McArthur, R.E. Sosebee, and Tausch, Robin J., comps. 1996. Proceedings: Shrubland ecosystem dynamics in a changing environment. Geri. Tech. Rep. INT -GTR -338. Ogden, UT: USDA, Forest Service.. Intermountain Res. Sta., 275 pp. Colorado Natural Areas Program. 1998. Native Plant Re -vegetation Guide for Colorado. Caring For the Land Series, Vol. III, State of Colo.. Division of Parks and Outdoor Rec., Dept. Nat. Res., Denver, 258 pp. Ferchau, Hugo, 1973. Vegetative Inventory Analysis and Impact Study of the Parachute Creek Area, Garfield County, Colorado. Chap. VI In: The Colony Environmental Study, Parachute Creek, Garfield County, Colorado. Vol. III, Thorne Ecological Institute, Boulder. 77pp. Fox, Charles J., H.D. Burke, J.R. Meirnan, and J.L. Retzer, 1973. Soils Inventory Analysis and Impact Study of the Colony Property — Garfield County, CO. Chap. III, In: The Colony. Environmental Study, Parachute Creek, Garfield County, CO., Vol. III. Thome Eco. Inst., Boulder. 52 pp. Granite Seed Company, 2004. Granite Seed Catalog. Granite Seed Company, 1697 West 2100 North, Lehi, UT 84043, 89 pp. McNab, W.H. and P.E. Avers, [ 996. Ecological Subregions of the United States. USDA Forest Service. http://www.fs.fed.uslandipubs/ecoregionsl. Washington. D.C. Sirota, Judith, 2003. Best management practices for the noxious weeds of Mesa County, Colorado. Tri River Area, CSU Coop.Ext., Grand Junction, CO. World wide web publication at: http://www.colostate.edulDepts/CoopExt'TRAJindex.html#main.html USDA, NRCS. 2006. The PLANTS Database, 6 March 2006 (http:llplants.usda.,ov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. NPR Reclamation Plan 16 May 2006 Appendix A Reclamation Seed Mix Preferred Species for North Parachute Ranch Plant Communities, I nCana Oil & this (USA) Inc. This table is provided tbr flexibility in the field to adjust seed mixes to site conditions, cost and availability. To create a custom seed mix for NPR, first. determine the zone which will establish the total number of species in the inix and total number of seeds/ft- targeted for the zone, i.e., 25 seeds/ft- and 5 or 6 species for Lower Zone, 35 for Middle Zone, and 5() seeds/ftp and up to 9 species for Upper Zone (see recommended seed mix section of repeat 1. Next, determine the species and the desired number of seeds of that species 111 the lilac. For example, in a mix air the tipper Zone, select h or 9 species and illocitte the number of seeds of each speI ies desired in the seed mix. (1 or example, in a 50 seed/ft' seed unix, each species could he allocated in the following manner: Cirass A — 8 seeds/ftp, Grass 13 — 8 seeds/ft', Grass C — 7 seeds/ft', Grass [) ! 7 seeds/112, Forb E = 5 seeds/t12, Forb F = 5 seeds/I12, Shrub C1— 5 seeds/ft', Shrub 11 e 5 seeds/1t2 ). Then, use the following formula: Target no. seeds/fl2 (e.g. 50) = No. seeds of each species X 43560 (tt'/ac) -= total no. seeds of each species Jac Total no. seeds of each species/ac/no. seeds/1b. of that species — Total lbs. of PLS of the species in the mix/ac Continue for each species, Then, add lbs of PLS of each species = Total Lbs. of Mix/ac For percent by species in mix, Total lbs. ofeach species/Total lbs. awed mix = Percent of each species in. mix. Cum nion Name` Botanical Name Cultivars Suit Texture i Adaptation': Comments on I13ltits, soils, Other Iac[�arti Seeds/Lb. Cost/Lb. NO. PI -Spill! 1.bs. 1't.:Sl Aere % in Mix 't'bd al Seedsi t.'Seedsitt'See�tsPtt. tittle ru? 25/F1 needed final ut$5/1-'t' Intal ro, 50/Ft- I'ul;il C MC M AA 1' I. Grasses'' Indian ricegrass .lchttu h runt hvmenoides NeLpar 3 3 1 0 '- planting,' depth in sandy soil 141,000 I'u1oina 7 Desert Needlegrass AcI, ivaht luta .vpecitminu ? 3 3 1 0 150,000 Mountain tlrunre Broontos attccrgenunrs l3 runner 1 3 3 1 Short lived 'J0,000 Garnet0 1 hie kstvitte wh atgr+ass t:Itytni.' /cutc•eu/ctltrsStrutagly Irt►trc ri/ctttty Bannock 2 3 3 -, 0 ritiauuL,. long lived. mid limning `e.Critana Schwcncliinat' Inland salgniss Dithrh/ts .spit -ani Stxlar 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 r For strongly saline sites Strongly rhizome., drought tolerant 520,000 156.000 'titrLamhank wlte al r.tss Pylorus lrtnret./ctrtt'' psctttamoph ht.► Slender WItealgrass Ow/mt. t aehyc-auhts t'ri tear, 0 ? 3 ? 0 Short-lived 159,000 Pryor Revenue - San Luis Common Name Botanical Name. Ct>tltivarsa' soil Texture Adaptation(' I Cununents on habits, Soils, Other factors '�redsll.b. Cost/Lb.NO.IF'LS /Ft., Lbs. Pl'S1 Acre �, fir in flux Ttid al lime needed 5tedsllt.'Seedsltt.2Seed {r! 25/Ft' l'otal 035/F1' Total /tt.' rtv 5U/FES Iota! C 111( M MF F Arizona Fescue Festttcu urizonicu Redondo 1 3 3 2 0 'I hin soils, X14^ preeip. 550,0181 ltlaltu Fescue f°cstuci, icluldueweis Joseph U_ 2 3 3 I •1)0,000 - - Needle and thread It-iperostiptt t•. collirtkl 2 3 3 2 0- 115,000 Juneeruss liocieritl titrttnotfl►rt 1 3 n 1 0 2, 3 15,400 Basin wildtye Lewitt r.+ cineretus _ Magnar 0 ; 3 130,000 ''railhead Western whealgrtss Poscopvr►n►t xsnithii Arriba 0 2 3 3 2 Sod forming 110,000 Barton Rosana (rallt'ttt I�fr'►trrlfr!!'t,Y futrlE:i'If Viva florets 0 } - 3 Warm season, sail forming or bunch 159,0(81 Viva caryapsis 470,000 llig bluegrass Poet umplcr SIaerman I 3 3 ?' 1 882,000 Canby bluegrass Pott cutthvi C'anbar I 2 3 2 1 .--10" precip 926,000 Multongrass Poo Jimrlfrriana 1 2 3 3 2 890,000 Sandberg bluegrass 1'ou.secundo -- 1 3 3 3 I <1U" precip. 925,000 Beardlessblttebunch whealgrass Yseudmvegnetiaspirafum ismer►tars WElnlar t1 2 3 ' 0 --lu,.piecip_,sod funning 117,000 I31Uellttncll wllcitt rays l',1entionte neria sfricuftint spicu(unt 1�1}FElUr1C 0 2 3 3 1 8-14" preop., P-7 -7 widely adapted 140,000 Cioldar I'-7 Preferred cultivar Sccar Buillebrush scluirrellail Sifunhrn htwfrix Sand l follow 1 3 3 3 1 192,000 - Alkalai sacaion Spurobttllcs rrirweles Salado tt 2 3 3 3 ta" precip., Wann season 1,758,000 Sand dropseed .Sporultulft.s cr-tf/rturfdtus 3 3 '_ 1 0 10" precip. Wann season 5,298,000 Forbs W. Yarrow .dchilivo miflejulieun otTirieniatis 7 _ 3 2 1 0 Not adapted to fine soils 2.770,000 ''Cicer nlilkvetch Astragal/is civet- Lutana, 1 0 2 2 3 3 `_' 1 {1 Nun -blotting legume Not adapted to tine or coarse soils 1453100 55,000 Monarch Oxley ArroMeal- bats ainroot 11rrlsununrrhttsuggfttcltu Sulphur flower Buckwheat Erie urtru►f u,►ibelltifurn 2 3 3 2 0 209,000 Northern swcctveich Iledtwarwn hurec►le 1 2 3 ' 1 aka Utah 33,600 C'onlnlon Name i Butuntculr Name C'ultivarsl` Sail Texture �►aa sta1' t 1 Comments on habits, Soils, Other tactors Seeds/Lb. Costll.b. NO. PIS /FFi.- Llbs. ; PLS./ 'fere % in Mix Thd al time needed Scedslfr."Secds/ft.1Sceds/tl.- hr 25/h`t`' Total (cr 35lFt' [owl €tr �[HFt' I-utal t MC M MF F Blue flax Linunr lelt'isii Appar 1 3 3 1 0 293,000 , Prairie Aster h?ur•huerc,ntlfera tcnruc'ef /U/Ul 2 3 2 1 0 496,000 'Sainfoin (hwln ychis viciiiiblia Eski 0 2 3 2 0 Nonbloating legume 30,000 lteniont Rocky Min. 1'enste117i]!1 f'rrfsferrturr I:-icdrts i3andera l 3 3 l 0 592,000 'Small burnetl . mgni orba minor Delete` 1 2 3 2 0 Nonblua[ing legume 55,000 Scarlet globemallow Spftuefcrlcecarcoecineu 2 3 3 2 1 500,000 Hairy vetch Yic�icf Wilma 0 1 3 2 1 Short-lived, good !! nl free manure 20,000 American vetch Vida americana 1 2 3 3 2 Non -bloating legume 33,001) Shrubs Basin big sagebrush rif'fetne.4'fcl fP7Clr !Tf[ftct triclenratu 0 2 3 2 0 2,500,000 Mountain big sagebrush rt. t. vcfsevunu Hobble Creek 0 2 3 2 0 2,500,000 Cheri, Creek Wyoming big sagebrush A. f. w1'c,n,ing ms'is Gurdon Creek 0 3 3 1 0 2,500,000 Fourwing salibush _.-ln-iple_x canescens 3 3 3 3 1 52,000 Shadscale Atriplex cot -yet -Naha 0 2 3 3 1 64,900 Gardner salthush dfrilalc'_r t,ardneri [) 1 2 3 2 111,500 Curl -leaf Min mahoganyC'efcoc°ufpus ledi/olins 0 2 3 2 0 30,000 Rubber rabbitbrush Eriecunfert i newscast's .sip. 2 3 3 3 2 400,000 Low rabbithrush Clff vsutlru►ttfrlr.y v./Alt/On—us 1 3 3 2 1 782,000 W interlat Krusrlreuinni/,uviu Amato 1 -latch 2 3 3 2 1 - 56,700 Skunkbush sumac Rims trilobata trilobata 2 3 3 1 0 20,300 I3itlerbrush Prn-shiu Pride, tcnu Lassen 1 3 3 2 0 15,000 "Species so marked are introduced, all others are native. t'Cullivars are a variety of a plant developed from a natural species and maintained under cultivation while retaining distinguishing characteristics. Cultivars may or may not be in production and are therefore unavailabile. Soil Texture adaptation. C = coarse, MC = moderately coarse, M — medium, MF = moderately fine, F = fine. 0 = not adapted, 1 — marginal, 2 = average, 3 = best (Granite Seed, 2004). ['Pure Live Seed per square foot desired in planting for the species selected. Target number of total seeds/11 is 25/02 for Lower Zone and riparian zone, 35111' for Middle Zone, and 50111.`' total for Upper Zone plantings. t Cool season and bunch grass unless otherwise noted in comments (i.e. sod forming or warm season).