HomeMy WebLinkAbout1.08 Reclamation Plan
Article 4-203.E.18
Reclamation Plan
Ursa Operating Company LLC
Tompkins Injection Well
OA Project No. 014-2878
COGCC Data
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COGIS - Surety Detail
COMPANY DETAIL REPORT for Surety ID: 2012-0126
URSA OPERATING COMPANY LLC - #10447
602 SAWYER STREET #710
HOUSTON , TX 77007
USA
SURETY DETAIL INFORMATION
Surety ID:2012-0126
Status:ACTIVE
Operator Number:10447
Bond Amount:$25,000.00
Instrument:INSURANCE
Instrument Number:RLB0014890
Coverage:BLANKET
Bond Type:SURFACE
Limitation:0
Deposit Number:
PDPA Number:
Received Date:12/14/2012
Approved Date:12/14/2012
Maturity Expire Date:
FA Provider Number:74790
FA Provider Name:RLI INSURANCE COMPANY
Deposit Date:
Release Request Date:N/A
Release Date:N/A
Site Specific Temporary Reclamation Plan
Project Name (Site): Tompkins Well Pad Field Name: Battlement Mesa
Latitude: 39.4206 Longitude: -108.0569 Phase: Temporary Reclamation
Sec, Twp, Range: Section 24, T-7-S, R-96-W BMPS on Site: Surface
Roughening, diversion ditches, sediment pond(s), rock armoring, brush barrier, straw bale
barrier, culvert inlet/outlet. NO DISCHARGE FACILITY
Estimate of Total Area of Site: 4.8 Estimate of Interim Acres: TBD
Soil Types: Potts Loam (6 to 12% slopes), Potts-Ildefonso Complex (12-25% slopes)
Permeability: Moderate to rapid
Soil Erosion Potential: Moderate to severe
Existing Vegetation Description: Wheatgrass, Needle and Thread, Sagebrush
Interim Reclamation Date: TBD
Seed Mix for Temporary Reclamation: Ursa Dryland Pasture mix Date Seeded: TBD
Reclamation Stages:
This site specific temporary Reclamation Plan follows the Ursa Field Wide Reclamation Plan . This plan provides
site specific details for the Tompkins well pad. The initial footprint of the pad will remain as constructed until the
well(s) are plugged and the site abandoned. Given the location of this pad, it has been constructed as a “No
Discharge” facility and will remain as is until time for final reclamation, at which time, a site specific plan will be
drafted to include all Conditions of Approval (COAs) and other stipulations regarding this location.
All berms, fill slopes and topsoil stockpiles will be seeded with the Ursa Dryland Pasture Mix or
land owner seed mix. This site will remain in temporary reclamation until all well(s) have been
plugged and abandoned.
792 Buckhorn Dr.
Rifle, CO 81650
RECLAMATION PLAN
U.S. OPERATIONS
PICEANCE BASIN
May, 2013-Rev: 1
792 Buckhorn Dr.
Rifle, CO 81650
Reclamation Plan
U.S. Operations
Piceance Basin
May 2013 –Rev:1
PREPARED BY:
HRL COMPLIANCE SOLUTIONS, INC.
2385 F ½ Road
Grand Junction, CO 81505
970.243.3271
1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
2.0 Site Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 3
3.0 Final Reclamation ....................................................................................................... 4
3.1 Stage One (Removal and Disposal) ...................................................................... 4
3.2 Stage Two (Substrate Preparation) ...................................................................... 5
3.3 Stage Three (Planting/Timing) ............................................................................. 6
4.0 Storm Water Mitigation ............................................................................................. 7
4.1 Best Management Practices (BMPs) .................................................................... 7
4.2 Reclamation Monitoring ....................................................................................... 7
5.0 References .............................................................................................................................. 8
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A MAP OF LOCATION(S)
APPENDIX B APPROVED SEED MIXES
APPENDIX C SITE SPECIFICS
C1 Battlement Mesa
C2 North Gravel Trend/Roan
C3 Gravel Trend
C4 Castle Springs/Wolf Creek
1
1.0 Introduction
This Reclamation Plan (Plan) describes procedures necessary for reclamation of Ursa
Operating Company LLC’s (Ursa) field wide resources located in Garfield County, Pitkin
County, and Mesa County, Colorado. Ursa began operating in the Rifle/Silt area on April
1, 2013. The resources include Battlement Mesa field, North Gravel Trend field, Gravel
Trend field, and Castle Springs field. The Roan resources are included in the North
Gravel Trend field and the Wolf Creek resource is included in the Castle Springs field.
Fields cover most of Township 7 South Ranges 91 and 95 West, Township 8 South
Range 90 West, Township 5 South Ranges 91-93 West, and Township 6 South Ranges
90-93 West.
This Plan will cover re-contouring, reseeding, noxious weed treatment, storm water
mitigation and monitoring of the well pads, Rights of Way (ROWs), and other
infrastructures required for natural gas operation. This plan is twofold: interim
reclamation of a site once a site has been constructed and final reclamation of the site
when the pad/ROW is no longer in operation and has been plugged and abandoned (P &
A).
The reclamation of disturbed land is a critical component when creating a system where
ecological functions and values are restored once the ground disturbance activities have
ceased. Rehabilitation of the disturbed area assists the natural ecological processes to
move towards a self-promoting condition. Once a self-supporting environment has been
established, the natural processes of the location can take over and continue the
rehabilitation processes with minimal intervention from outside parties. The costs
associated with the rehabilitation process will be minimized to the operator if proper
treatments are applied initially to ensure the best environment possible for rehabilitation
treatments to succeed.
Bonding is required for oil and gas lease operations (43 CFR 3104, 36 CFR 228 E). The
bond will cover the activities the operator performs including, but not limited to:
plugging leasehold wells, surface reclamation, and cleanup of abandoned operations.
The Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC) 1000 Series
Reclamation Regulations declare that “all disturbed areas affected by drilling or
subsequent operations, except areas reasonably needed for production operations or for
subsequent drilling operations to be commenced within 12 months, shall be reclaimed as
early and as nearly practical to their original conditions. This plan is designed to provide
guidance concerning reclamation activities for Ursa land managers once the site of
concern is no longer utilized for operations.
The area to be reclaimed shall be kept as weed free as practicable of all undesirable
noxious weed species. Weed control measures shall be conducted in compliance with the
Colorado Noxious Weed Act (C.R.S. 35-5.5-101.et.seq). Storm water mitigation will be
in compliance with the Colorado Department of Health and Environment (CDPHE)
Water Quality Division General Permit Series COR-030000 and COGCC 1002.f
regulations.
2
Procedures identified in this plan apply only to all Ursa Fields. All COGCC, CDPHE and
Bureau of Land Management (BLM) procedures (site specific Conditions Of Approval or
COAs) will be followed. Personnel working on this project should be familiar with the
reclamation plan and its contents prior to preliminary construction activities.
3
2.0 Site Characteristics
There are several communities located near the resource areas. Parachute, Battlement
Mesa, and Rulison, are located in or near the Battlement Mesa field, (Township 7 South
Range 95 West). Rifle, Silt, and New Castle, are located along the boundaries of the
North Gravel Trend and Gravel Trend fields. Glenwood Springs is located approximately
27 miles to the east (Township 6 South Range 89 West).
The resources range in elevation from 5,000- 9,500 feet and receive between 10-18
inches of precipitation per year. The frost free period ranges from 75 to 125 days,
creating a growing season of approximately two and a half to four months. Each location
has a site specific plan with details of soils, seed mix, and phase. Refer to Appendix C.
COAs will be included in Appendix C for all sites located on federal lands.
4
3.0 Reclamation
This plan covers: interim reclamation of a site once the site has been constructed and is in
production, and final reclamation of the site when the location is no longer in operation
and the well(s) have been plugged and abandoned (P & A). Interim reclamation and final
reclamation will be in compliance with CDPHE and COGCC regulations.
Construction and reclamation activities will be in accordance with the individual county
noxious weed management plan (please refer to the Ursa Noxious Weed Plan). Dust
suppression measures are required under the county grading permits and Federal land,
and will be implemented as applicable. Each stage will be applied to the reclamation of
the locations undergoing reclamation. Interim reclamation will be completed as stated in
the Field Wide Storm Water Management Plan(s).
All equipment used on reclamation projects will be cleaned and inspected prior to
entering location to ensure noxious weed seeds are not being transported onto the site.
3.1 Stage One (Removal and Disposal)
During reclamation of any site, once the pad/ROW/access road has been constructed, all
wooden stakes used to secure wattles and straw bales, and other waste associated with
construction of the site will be disposed of properly. This includes any trash left behind
on location such as pipe fittings, used lumber or miscellaneous items that have been
discarded. Petroleum products if on site should be contained in secondary containment.
Interim Reclamation:
• Pads – The initial footprint of the pad will be reduced, leaving enough room for
everyday operations to occur on site in a safe manner and will be in compliance
with COGCC 1003. All temporary storm water controls will be removed and
permanent BMPs will be installed. Disturbed areas will be drill or broadcast
seeded as applicable to the topography of the site. Seeding rate and mix will be
determined by land owner. Certified weed free straw will be utilized at 2 tons per
acre and crimped into place.
• Pipelines – Pipelines will be seeded with the site specific seed mix per land
owner requests. As applicable, certified weed free straw will be used as mulch at
2 tons per acre, and will be crimped into place. ROW will be monitored and
permanent storm water best management practices (BMPs) will be installed to
control erosion and sedimentation.
• Roads – The access roads to a site will be properly graveled and stabilized. The
cut and fill slopes of the access roads will be seeded and mulched as applicable to
the individual site.
Final Reclamation:
• Pads – Pads in final reclamation will be plugged and abandoned (P & A), all
temporary BMPs will be removed and replaced with permanent BMPs if
necessary, and the surface area will be recontoured and seeded. Drill or broadcast
5
seeding methods will be used at the appropriate rate and depth. Surface
roughening will be implemented to retain water and eliminate rilling.
• Pipelines – Pipelines will be considered finally stabilized upon reaching 70% pre-
disturbance vegetative cover, per the CDPHE general permit COR030000.
• Roads – All access roads in final reclamation will be graveled and considered
stable, with the sides of the roads are vegetated or stabilized. Closure of a road
will consist of recontouring to existing topography, seeding, mulching and in
some cases transplanting (using the trackhoe bucket) sagebrush and small trees on
the edge of the road.
During final reclamation of the site, when the pad is no longer in operation, all manmade
structures will be removed from the site by means of backhoe, bulldozer, skidsteer or
other appropriate heavy machinery. Structures may include, but are not limited to:
compressor engines, generators, steel structures, cement foundations and other equipment
used for the extraction of natural gas. Petroleum waste products if on site should be
contained in secondary containment and disposed of properly. Gravel, road base and
large cobbles installed on site for surface stabilization controls will be removed. Disposal
and/or reuse method of gravel will be left to the discretion of the operator.
3.2 Stage Two (Substrate Preparation)
In both phases of reclamation, the condition of the soil is very important for the
establishment of a healthy self-sustaining environment. Locations where the soil has
noticeable spills will have the contaminated soil removed or remediated, and disposed of
in accordance with County and COGCC waste management regulations (refer to Ursa
waste management plan).
In the phase of final reclamation when active operations have ceased the substrate void of
chemical presence, and gravel that was applied to the location during operations
removed, reclamation efforts will take place.
To alleviate soil compaction, the substrate will be cross ripped to a depth of 18 inches.
Cross ripping will take place when the soil moisture is below 35 percent of field capacity.
The cross ripping is specified by the COGCC under the 1000 Series Rules. The substrate
shall be contoured to emulate the surrounding lands topography. Pre-disturbance
photographs and visual extrapolations are to be used to create this contour. The soil used
to contour the landscape will be applied in accordance to the order it was removed (i.e.
first off, last on). This practice will ensure that the soil is applied to the appropriate
horizon from which it was taken initially. Salvaged topsoil will be distributed across the
entire disturbed area at a depth of six (6) to twelve (12) inches depending upon the
landowner use agreement if possible. Should there be a shortage of topsoil available on
site, the contractor will be responsible for replacement of lost or degraded topsoil with
topsoil imported from an approved and certified weed-free source.
6
3.3 Stage Three (Planting/Timing)
In both phases of reclamation, seedbed preparation will consist of scarifying, tilling or
harrowing seedbed to a depth of three (3) to four (4) inches post ripping. This will occur
just prior to seeding. Drill seeding will be performed at a depth of 0.5 inches, seed will be
covered with soil and lightly compacted to ensure good seed to soil contact. Seed will be
applied using a rangeland seed drill with a seed release and agitation mechanism
sufficient to allow seeds of various size and density to be planted at the proper seeding
depth. The seed mix for each reclamation project will be an approved Seed Mix
(Appendix B). Certified weed free straw will be applied at a rate 2,000 lbs/acre and
crimpled in place following drill seeding.
Ideally planting will occur in the fall, before the first snow of the season. Early October is
optimal. If possible, planting should occur in conjunction with a predicted precipitation
event. By positioning the seed below the snow fall or rain, the seed will receive good
contact with the soil and utilize the benefits of the precipitation. Spring planting can be
conducted after the frost line is gone from the soil. During both phases of final
reclamation, the seed mix associated with this site will be used.
7
4.0 Storm Water Mitigation
4.1 Best Management Practices (BMPs)
To avoid erosion of topsoil and seed transport from storm events, Best Management
Practices (BMPs) will be installed where applicable on the perimeter of any location
being reclaimed. Given the location of the site, surface roughening and pocking will
reduce storm water impact and capture and retain precipitation. This will aid in the
germination of the seed and increase seedling survival.
4.2 Reclamation Monitoring
Monitoring of the vegetative progress is vital to ensure that proper procedures were
implemented on the location. Monitoring will allow for early response to potential
problems encountered during the reclamation process. Identifying challenges to the
reclamation goals at an early stage will allow for adequate time to formulate a response to
the situation. By identifying potential complications early in the process, the future costs
associated with rehabilitation will be minimized for the operator.
If the treatments do not show the desired outcome, additional actions will be taken to
reach reclamation goals. After the source of the problem is identified, careful attention
will be paid to the timing of the supplemental treatment. If treatments such as seeding are
not carried out at the proper time, the treatment will not be effective and to the operator
will be increased rehabilitation costs.
Monitoring activities will examine several parameters including: the condition of
implemented BMPs, growth state and success rate of areas seeded, presence and location
of noxious weeds, and possible sources of failure for reclamation processes. Photo
documentation is required for all the above parameters for high-quality progress tracking.
After the initial reclamation amendments are applied, and CDPHE requirements of 70
percent pre-disturbance levels have been met as well as COGCC requirements of 80
percent vegetative cover, a tri-annual monitoring scheme will be implemented.
Monitoring activities will occur in the spring, summer and fall. Qualified individuals will
carry out visual surveys and transects on site. Monitoring will occur until COGCC
requirements of 80% desired vegetation has been reached.
8
5.0 References
Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC). 2008. Rule 1000 series
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), variously dated, National field manual for the collection
of water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources
Investigations, book 9, chaps. A1-A9, available online at:
http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A
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T:\Client_Specific\2008\Ursa Resources\Master\11x17 Well Fields and Lease Boundaries 2013-05-09.mxd
Prepared By:
Requested By:
Jonathan Harris
Revision Date:
Revision Author:Jonathan Harris
Approved By:
Map type:Standard
Preparer:
HCSI. 2385 F 1/2 Road
Grand Junction, CO 81505³1:33,000
Ursa Piceance AssetNorth Gravel Trend Field Location Map
Legend
")Ursa Infrastructure
Field Boundary
Lease (Fed)
Lease (Fee)
Highways
County Roads
4x4 Roads / Trails
County Line
Township
Township
Section
Land Status
BLM
USFS
CPW
PRI
DISCLAIMER : This Geographic Information System (GIS) and its
components are designed as a source of reference for answering
inquiries, for planning and for modeling. GIS is not intended, nor does it
replace legal description information in the chain of title and other
information contained in official government records such as the County
Clerk and Recorders office or the courts. In addition, the representations
of locations in this GIS cannot be substituted for actual legal surveys.
0 0.25 0.5
Miles
5/9/2013 12:04:33 PM
£¤6 Silt
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T:\Client_Specific\2008\Ursa Resources\Master\11x17 Well Fields and Lease Boundaries 2013-05-09.mxd
Prepared By:
Requested By:
Jonathan Harris
Revision Date:
Revision Author:Jonathan Harris
Approved By:
Map type:Standard
Preparer:
HCSI. 2385 F 1/2 Road
Grand Junction, CO 81505³1:36,000
Ursa Pi cea nce Asse tGr ave l Tr end Fie ld Location M ap
Legend
")Ursa Infrastructure
Field Boundary
Lease (Fed)
Lease (Fee)
Highways
County Roads
4x4 Roads / Trails
County Line
Township
Township
Section
Land Status
BLM
USFS
CPW
PRI
DISCLAIMER : This Geographic Information System (GIS) and its
components are designed as a source of reference for answering
inquiries, for planning and for modeling. GIS is not intended, nor does it
replace legal description information in the chain of title and other
information contained in official government records such as the County
Clerk and Recorders office or the courts. In addition, the representations
of locations in this GIS cannot be substituted for actual legal surveys.
0 0.25 0.5
Miles
5/9/2013 12:04:33 PM
G a r f i e l d
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2120
08
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05
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32
23
08
05
07
06
07
05
29
08
27
2022
06
T:\Client_Specific\2008\Ursa Resources\Master\11x17 Well Fields and Lease Boundaries 2013-05-09.mxd
Prepared By:
Requested By:
Jonathan Harris
Revision Date:
Revision Author:Jonathan Harris
Approved By:
Map type:Standard
Preparer:
HCSI. 2385 F 1/2 Road
Grand Junction, CO 81505³1:60,000
U r s a P i c e a n c e A s s e tC a s t l e S p r i n g s F i e l d L o c a t i o n M a p
Legend
")Ursa Infrastructure
Field Boundary
Lease (Fed)
Lease (Fee)
Highways
County Roads
4x4 Roads / Trails
County Line
Township
Township
Section
Land Status
BLM
USFS
CPW
PRI
DISCLAIMER : This Geographic Information System (GIS) and its
components are designed as a source of reference for answering
inquiries, for planning and for modeling. GIS is not intended, nor does it
replace legal description information in the chain of title and other
information contained in official government records such as the County
Clerk and Recorders office or the courts. In addition, the representations
of locations in this GIS cannot be substituted for actual legal surveys.
0 0.5 1
Miles
5/9/2013 12:04:33 PM
M e s a
G a r f i e l d
LBCF Pad
HAYSTACK RD
F O U R MILE RD
D
R
Y
P
A
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K R
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A
S
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D
I
VIDE
C
R
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EK RD
T H O M P S O N C R E E K R D
H
A
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D
W
I
C
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B
RIDGE RD
S
A
T
A
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K
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S U N K I N G D R
FOUR M
I
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E
P
A
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K
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WHITE HILL RD
M A R I O N M
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8S 89W8S 90W 8S 88W
7S 89W7S 90W
9S 90W
7S 88W
8S 91W
9S 89W 9S 88W
7S 91W
9S 91W
06
07
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11
32
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3433
0502 0401 01 03 02
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21
33
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4x4 Roads / Trails
Highways
County Roads
Roads
Roads
CityStreets040711
Field Boundary
County Line
")Ursa Infrastructure
Township
Section
Lease (Fed)
Lease (Fee)
T:\Client_Specific\2008\Ursa Resources\Master\11x17 Well Fields and Lease Boundaries 2013-05-09.mxd
Prepared By:
Requested By:
Jonathan Harris
Revision Date:
Revision Author:Jonathan Harris
Approved By:
Map type:Standard
Preparer:
HCSI. 2385 F 1/2 Road
Grand Junction, CO 81505³1:72,000
U r s a P i c e a n c e A s s e tW o l f C r e e k F i e l d L o c a t i o n M a p
Legend
")Ursa Infrastructure
Field Boundary
Lease (Fed)
Lease (Fee)
Highways
County Roads
4x4 Roads / Trails
County Line
Township
Township
Section
Land Status
BLM
USFS
CPW
PRI
DISCLAIMER : This Geographic Information System (GIS) and its
components are designed as a source of reference for answering
inquiries, for planning and for modeling. GIS is not intended, nor does it
replace legal description information in the chain of title and other
information contained in official government records such as the County
Clerk and Recorders office or the courts. In addition, the representations
of locations in this GIS cannot be substituted for actual legal surveys.
0 0.5 1
Miles
5/9/2013 12:04:33 PM
Species lbs/ace PLS (Pure Live Seed)
Timothy 4.5
Smooth Brome 4.5
Tall Fescue 3.5
Annual Rye 2.5
Total lbs/acre 15.0 lbs/acre
Rate will be doubled for hand broadcast seeding
Species Lbs/acre PLS (Pure Live Seed)
Fourwing Saltbush 1.9
Shadscale 1.5
Galleta 2.5
Alkali Sacaton 0.2
Streambank Wheatgrass 2.5
Slender Wheatgrass 1.8
Sandberg Bluegrass 0.3
Total lbs/acre 10.7 lbs/acre
Rate will be doubled for hand broadcast seeding
Species Lbs/acre PLS (Pure Live Seed)
Indian Ricegrass 1.9
Galleta 2.5
Bluebunch Wheatgrass 2.8
Muttongrass 3.3
Sandberg Bluegrass 0.6
0.6
Total lbs/acre 11.7 lbs/acre
Rate will be doubled for hand broadcast seeding
Species Lbs/acre PLS (Pure Live Seed)
Thickspike Wheatgrass 3.4
Bluebunch Wheatgrass 3.7
Bottlebrush Squirreltail 2.7
Slender Wheatgrass 3.3
Canby Bluegrass 0.6
Mutton Bluegrass 0.6
Letterman Needlegrass 1.7
Columbia Needlegrass 1.7
Indian Ricegrass 1.9
Junegrass 0.1
Total lbs/acre 19.7
Rate will be doubled for hand broadcast seeding
Species Lbs/acre PLS (Pure Live Seed)
Mountain Brome 5.8
Slender Wheatgrass 3.3
Letterman Needlegrass 3.5
Blue Wildrye 4.8
Thickspike Wheatgrass 3.4
Idaho Fescue 1.2
Wheeler Bluegrass 0.6
Total lbs/acre 22.6
Rate will be doubled for hand broadcast seeding
Spruce-Fur/Mountain Meadow Seed Mix (BLM)
Ursa Dry Land Pasture Mix
Low Elevation Salt-Desert Scrub Seed Mix (BLM)
Pinyon-Juniper Woodland Seed Mix (BLM)
Mixed Mountain Shrubland Seed Mix (BLM)
Appendix C-1
Battlement Mesa
C.1.1 Site Location
Battlement Mesa starts in Township 7 South Range 96 West along the west boundary of sections
23 and 26 to the east boundary of Township 7 South Range 95 West and from Interstate 70 south
to the south boundary of sections 25-30 in Township 7 South Range 95 West and sections 25-26
in Township 7 South Range 96 West.
C.1.2 Soil Characteristics
According to the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), the project area of Battlement
Mesa consists of the following soils:
• Arvada loam, (6-20%): This deep, well drained, sloping soil is on fans and high
terraces. Elevation ranges from 5,100 to 6,200 feet. Average annual precipitation is 12
inches. Average annual air temperature is about 48 degrees F and the average frost free
period is 120 days. Permeability is very slow and available water capacity is high. The
effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is moderately rapid and the hazard of
water erosion is severe.
• Bucklon-Inchau loams, (25-50%): These moderately sloping to very steep soils are on
ridges and mountainsides. Elevation ranges from 7,000 to 9,500 feet. The average annual
precipitation is about 18 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 40 degrees F,
and the average frost-free period is less than 75 days. The Bucklon soil is shallow and
well drained. Permeability of the Bucklon soil is slow and available water capacity is
very low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Runoff is medium and the
hazard of water erosion is severe. The Inchau soil is moderately deep and well drained.
Permeability of the Inchau soil is moderate and available water capacity is moderate. The
effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water
erosion is severe.
• Ildefonso stony loam, (6-25%): This deep, well drained, moderately sloping to hilly soil
is on mesas, benches, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is
about 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 125 days. Permeability is
moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Idefonso stony loam, (25-45%): This deep, well drained, hilly to steep soil is on mesa
breaks, sides of valleys, and alluvial fans. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is
about 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 125 days. Permeability is
moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Morval loam, (3-12%): This deep, well drained, gently sloping to rolling soil is on
mesas and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 6,500 to 8,000 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 15 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 44
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 100 days. Permeability is moderate and
available water capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
Runoff is slow and the hazard of water erosion is slight.
• Morval-Tridell complex, (6-25%): These moderately sloping to hilly soils are on
alluvial fans and sides of mesas. Elevation ranges from 6,500 to 8,000 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 15 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 44
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 100 days. The Morval soil is deep and well
drained. Permeability of the Morval soil is moderate and available water capacity is
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow and the hazard
of water erosion is slight. The Tridell soil is deep and well drained. Permeability of the
Tridell soil is moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting
depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is
moderate.
• Nihill channery loam, (1-6%): This deep, well drained, nearly level to gently sloping
soil is on alluvial fans and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet.
The average annual precipitation is about 13 inches, the average annual air temperature is
about 48 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 125 days. Permeability is
moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Runoff is slow and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Potts loam, (3-6%): This deep, well drained, moderately sloping soil is on mesas,
benches, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 7,000 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 46
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120 days. Permeability is moderate and
available water capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff
is slow and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Potts loam, (6-12%): This deep, well drained, moderately sloping to rolling soil is on
mesas, benches, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 7,000 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is
about 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120 days. Permeability is
moderate and available water capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is severe.
• Potts-Ildefonso complex, (12-25%): These strongly sloping to hilly soils are on mesas,
alluvial fans, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 46
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120 days. The Potts soil is deep and well
drained. Permeability of the Potts soil is moderate and available water capacity is high.
The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of
water erosion is moderate. The Ildefonso soil is deep and well drained. Permeability is
moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, (steep): This broadly defined unit
consists of exposed sandstone and shale bedrock, loose stones, and soils that are shallow
to deep. Torriorthents are shallow to moderately deep. Camborthids are shallow to deep.
The Rock outcrop is mainly Mesa Verde sandstone and Wasatch shale. Elevation ranges
from 5,000 to 8,500 feet. The average annual precipitation is about 10 to 15 inches, the
average annual air temperature is 39 to 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is
80 to 105 days.
• Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, (steep): This broadly defined unit consists of
exposed sandstone and shale bedrock, and stony soils that are shallow to moderately
deep. Torriorthents are shallow to moderately deep. The Rock outcrop is mainly Mesa
Verde sandstone and Wasatch shale. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 8,500 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 10 to 15 inches, the average annual air temperature
is 39 to 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 80 to 105 days.
• Wann sandy loam, (1-3%): This deep, somewhat poorly drained, nearly level to gently
sloping, low-lying soil is on terraces and bottom land in valleys. Elevation ranges from
5,000 to 6,500 feet. The average annual precipitation is about 12 inches, the average
annual air temperature is about 48 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120
days. Permeability is moderately rapid and available water capacity is high. The effective
rooting depth varies with the level of the water table but is about 2 feet. Runoff is slow
and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
Appendix C-2
North Gravel Trend/ Roan
C.2.1. Site Location
North Gravel Trends, which includes the Roan, starts in Township 5 South Range 94 West along
the west boundary of sections 02, 11, 14, 24, 25, and 36 to the east boundary of Township 5
South Range 91 West and from the north boundary of Township 4 South Range 94 West,
sections 35-36 and Range 94 Sections 31-32 to Interstate 70. The north boundary steps towards
the south to end in Township 5 South Range 91 West Sections 19-24.
C.2.2 Soil Characteristics
According to the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), the project area of North
Gravel Trend and Roan consists of the following soils:
• Arvada loam, (1-6%): This deep, well drained, sloping soil is on fans and high terraces.
Elevation ranges from 5,100 to 6,200 feet. Average annual precipitation is 12 inches.
Average annual air temperature is about 48 degrees F and the average frost free period is
120 days. Permeability is very slow and available water capacity is moderate. The
effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water
erosion is moderate.
• Arvada loam, (6-20%): This deep, well drained, sloping soil is on fans and high
terraces. Elevation ranges from 5,100 to 6,200 feet. Average annual precipitation is 12
inches. Average annual air temperature is about 48 degrees F and the average frost free
period is 120 days. Permeability is very slow and available water capacity is high. The
effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is moderately rapid and the hazard of
water erosion is severe.
• Ascalon-Pena complex, (6-25%): These moderately sloping to hilly soils are on sides of
valleys and alluvial fans. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. Average annual
precipitation is 14 inches. Average annual air temperature is about 48 degrees F and the
average frost free period is 120 days. The Ascalon soil is deep and well drained.
Permeability of the Ascalon soil is moderate and available water capacity is moderate.
The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of
water erosion is moderate. The Pena soil is deep and well drained. Permeability of the
Pena soil is moderate and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is
60 inches or more. Runoff is slow and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Begay sandy loam, (6-12%): This deep, well drained, moderately sloping to rolling soil
is on alluvial fans and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet.
Average annual precipitation is 15 inches. Average annual air temperature is about 48
degrees F and the average frost free period is 120 days. Permeability is moderately rapid
and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
Runoff is moderate and the hazard of water erosion is severe.
• Cushman-Lazear stony loams, (15-65%): These hilly to very steep soils are on
mountainsides and mesa breaks. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 7,000 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 13 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 48
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 125 days. The Cushman soil is moderately
deep and well drained. Permeability is moderate and available water capacity is low. The
effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water
erosion is severe. The Lazear soil is shallow over bedrock and well drained. Permeability
is moderate and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20
inches. Runoff is moderately rapid and the hazard of water erosion is severe.
• Dollard-Rock outcrop, shale, complex, (25-65%): This complex consists of moderately
steep to steep Dollard soil and shale outcrop on hills and mountainsides. Elevation ranges
from 6,000 to 7,500 feet. The average annual precipitation is about 17 inches, the average
annual air temperature is about 43 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 95 days.
The Dollard soil is moderately deep and well drained. Permeability is slow and available
water capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. Runoff is rapid
and the hazard of water erosion is severe. The rock outcrop is soft, weathered shale.
Permeability is very slow. The effective rooting depth is very shallow. Runoff is rapid
and the hazard of water erosion is severe.
• Halaquepts, nearly level: This broadly defined unit consists of deep, somewhat poorly
drained to poorly drained, nearly level and gently sloping, salt affected soils in narrow
foothill valleys, on fans, and on low terraces. The water table is at or near the surface at
times, mainly during spring and summer.
• Heldt clay loam, (1-3%): This deep, well drained, nearly level soil is on alluvial fans
and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,000 feet. The average annual
precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 48 degrees F,
and the average frost-free period is 120 days. Permeability is slow and available water
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium
and the hazard of water erosion is slight.
• Ildefonso stony loam, (25-45%): This deep, well drained, hilly to steep soil is on mesa
breaks, sides of valleys, and alluvial fans. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is
about 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 125 days. Permeability is
moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Ildefonso-Lazear complex, (6-65%): These moderately sloping to very steep soils are
on hillsides and mesa breaks. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 48
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 125 days. Permeability of the Ildefonso
soil is moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth
is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is moderate. The
Lazear soil is shallow over shale bedrock and is well drained. Permeability of the Lazear
soil is moderately and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to
20 inches. Runoff is rapid and the hazard of water erosion is severe.
• Kim loam, (3-6%): This deep, well drained, gently to sloping soil is on alluvial fans and
benches. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,000 feet. The average annual precipitation is
about 12 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 46 degrees F, and the
average frost-free period is 125 days. Permeability is moderate and available water
capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow and the
hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Kim loam, (6-12%): This deep, well drained, moderately sloping to rolling soil is on
alluvial fans and benches. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,000 feet. The average annual
precipitation is about 12 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 46 degrees F,
and the average frost-free period is 125 days. Permeability is moderate and available
water capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow
and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Olney loam, (1-3%): This deep, well drained, nearly level soil is on alluvial fans and
sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The average annual
precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 48 degrees F,
and the average frost-free period is 125 days. Permeability is moderate and available
water capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is
slow and the hazard of water erosion is slight.
• Potts loam, (1-3%): This deep, well drained soil is on mesas, benches, and sides of
valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 7,000 feet. The average annual precipitation is
about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 46 degrees F, and the
average frost-free period is 120 days. Permeability is moderate and available water
capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow and the
hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Potts loam, (3-6%): This deep, well drained, moderately sloping soil is on mesas,
benches, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 7,000 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 46
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120 days. Permeability is moderate and
available water capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff
is slow and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Potts loam, (6-12%): This deep, well drained, moderately sloping to rolling soil is on
mesas, benches, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 7,000 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is
about 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120 days. Permeability is
moderate and available water capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is severe.
• Potts-Ildefonso complex, (3-12%): These gently sloping to rolling soils are on mesas
and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The average annual
precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 46 degrees F,
and the average frost-free period is 120 days. The Potts soil is deep and well drained.
Permeability of the Potts soil is moderate and available water capacity is high. The
effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow and the hazard of water
erosion is moderate. The Ildefonso soil is deep and well drained. Permeability is
moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Runoff is slow and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Potts-Ildefonso complex, (12-25%): These strongly sloping to hilly soils are on mesas,
alluvial fans, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 46
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120 days. The Potts soil is deep and well
drained. Permeability of the Potts soil is moderate and available water capacity is high.
The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of
water erosion is moderate. The Ildefonso soil is deep and well drained. Permeability is
moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Potts-Ildefonso complex, (25-45%): These hilly to very steep soils are on alluvial fans
and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The average annual
precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 46 degrees F,
and the average frost-free period is 120 days. The Potts soil is deep and well drained.
Permeability of the Potts soil is moderate and available water capacity is high. The
effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water
erosion is severe. The Ildefonso soil is deep and well drained. Permeability is moderately
rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is severe.
• Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, (steep): This broadly defined unit
consists of exposed sandstone and shale bedrock, loose stones, and soils that are shallow
to deep. Torriorthents are shallow to moderately deep. Camborthids are shallow to deep.
The Rock outcrop is mainly Mesa Verde sandstone and Wasatch shale. Elevation ranges
from 5,000 to 8,500 feet. The average annual precipitation is about 10 to 15 inches, the
average annual air temperature is 39 to 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is
80 to 105 days.
• Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, (steep): This broadly defined unit consists of
exposed sandstone and shale bedrock, and stony soils that are shallow to moderately
deep. Torriorthents are shallow to moderately deep. The Rock outcrop is mainly Mesa
Verde sandstone and Wasatch shale. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 8,500 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 10 to 15 inches, the average annual air temperature
is 39 to 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 80 to 105 days.
Appendix C-3
Gravel Trend
C.3.1 Site Location
Gravel Trend starts at the west boundary of Township 6 South, Range 93 West to the east
boundary of Township 6 South Range 90 West Sections 03, 10, 15, 22, 27, and 34 and from
Interstate 70 to the south boundary Township 6 South Ranges 91-93 West Sections 25-30 and
Range 90 West, Sections 31-34.
C.3.2 Soil Characteristics
According to the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), the project area of Gravel
Trend consists of the following soils:
• Arvada loam, (6-20%): This deep, well drained, sloping soil is on fans and high
terraces. Elevation ranges from 5,100 to 6,200 feet. Average annual precipitation is 12
inches. Average annual air temperature is about 48 degrees F and the average frost free
period is 120 days. Permeability is very slow and available water capacity is high. The
effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is moderately rapid and the hazard of
water erosion is severe.
• Bucklon-Inchau loams, (25-50%): These moderately sloping to very steep soils are on
ridges and mountainsides. Elevation ranges from 7,000 to 9,500 feet. The average annual
precipitation is about 18 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 40 degrees F,
and the average frost-free period is less than 75 days. The Bucklon soil is shallow and
well drained. Permeability of the Bucklon soil is slow and available water capacity is
very low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Runoff is medium and the
hazard of water erosion is severe. The Inchau soil is moderately deep and well drained.
Permeability of the Inchau soil is moderate and available water capacity is moderate. The
effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water
erosion is severe.
• Ildefonso stony loam, (6-25%): This deep, well drained, moderately sloping to hilly soil
is on mesas, benches, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is
about 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 125 days. Permeability is
moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Idefonso stony loam, (25-45%): This deep, well drained, hilly to steep soil is on mesa
breaks, sides of valleys, and alluvial fans. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is
about 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 125 days. Permeability is
moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Morval loam, (3-12%): This deep, well drained, gently sloping to rolling soil is on
mesas and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 6,500 to 8,000 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 15 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 44
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 100 days. Permeability is moderate and
available water capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
Runoff is slow and the hazard of water erosion is slight.
• Morval-Tridell complex, (6-25%): These moderately sloping to hilly soils are on
alluvial fans and sides of mesas. Elevation ranges from 6,500 to 8,000 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 15 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 44
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 100 days. The Morval soil is deep and well
drained. Permeability of the Morval soil is moderate and available water capacity is
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow and the hazard
of water erosion is slight. The Tridell soil is deep and well drained. Permeability of the
Tridell soil is moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting
depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is
moderate.
• Nihill channery loam, (1-6%): This deep, well drained, nearly level to gently sloping
soil is on alluvial fans and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet.
The average annual precipitation is about 13 inches, the average annual air temperature is
about 48 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 125 days. Permeability is
moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Runoff is slow and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Potts loam, (3-6%): This deep, well drained, moderately sloping soil is on mesas,
benches, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 7,000 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 46
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120 days. Permeability is moderate and
available water capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff
is slow and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Potts loam, (6-12%): This deep, well drained, moderately sloping to rolling soil is on
mesas, benches, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 7,000 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is
about 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120 days. Permeability is
moderate and available water capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is severe.
• Potts-Ildefonso complex, (12-25%): These strongly sloping to hilly soils are on mesas,
alluvial fans, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 46
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120 days. The Potts soil is deep and well
drained. Permeability of the Potts soil is moderate and available water capacity is high.
The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of
water erosion is moderate. The Ildefonso soil is deep and well drained. Permeability is
moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, (steep): This broadly defined unit
consists of exposed sandstone and shale bedrock, loose stones, and soils that are shallow
to deep. Torriorthents are shallow to moderately deep. Camborthids are shallow to deep.
The Rock outcrop is mainly Mesa Verde sandstone and Wasatch shale. Elevation ranges
from 5,000 to 8,500 feet. The average annual precipitation is about 10 to 15 inches, the
average annual air temperature is 39 to 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is
80 to 105 days.
• Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, (steep): This broadly defined unit consists of
exposed sandstone and shale bedrock, and stony soils that are shallow to moderately
deep. Torriorthents are shallow to moderately deep. The Rock outcrop is mainly Mesa
Verde sandstone and Wasatch shale. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 8,500 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 10 to 15 inches, the average annual air temperature
is 39 to 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 80 to 105 days.
• Wann sandy loam, (1-3%): This deep, somewhat poorly drained, nearly level to gently
sloping, low-lying soil is on terraces and bottom land in valleys. Elevation ranges from
5,000 to 6,500 feet. The average annual precipitation is about 12 inches, the average
annual air temperature is about 48 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120
days. Permeability is moderately rapid and available water capacity is high. The effective
rooting depth varies with the level of the water table but is about 2 feet. Runoff is slow
and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
Appendix C-4
Castle Springs/Wolf Creek
C.4.1 Site Location
Castle Springs starts at the west boundary of Township 7 South Range 90 West Section 01, 12,
13, 24, 25, and 36 to the east boundary of Township 7 South, Range 91 West and from the south
boundary of Township 6 South Range 91 West Sections 325-30 to the south boundary of
Township 7 South Range 91 West. Wolf Creek starts from the west boundary of Township 8
South Range 90 West to the east boundary of Township 8 South Range 89 West and from the
north boundary of Township 7 South Range 90 West Sections 25-30 to the south boundary of
Township 9 South Range 90 West Sections 01-06.
C.4.2 Soil Characteristics
According to the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), the project area of Castle
Springs and Wolf Creek consists of the following soils:
• Bucklon-Inchau loams, (25-50%): These moderately sloping to very steep soils are on
ridges and mountainsides. Elevation ranges from 7,000 to 9,500 feet. The average annual
precipitation is about 18 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 40 degrees F,
and the average frost-free period is less than 75 days. The Bucklon soil is shallow and
well drained. Permeability of the Bucklon soil is slow and available water capacity is
very low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Runoff is medium and the
hazard of water erosion is severe. The Inchau soil is moderately deep and well drained.
Permeability of the Inchau soil is moderate and available water capacity is moderate. The
effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water
erosion is severe.
• Morval loam, (3-12%): This deep, well drained, gently sloping to rolling soil is on
mesas and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 6,500 to 8,000 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 15 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 44
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 100 days. Permeability is moderate and
available water capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
Runoff is slow and the hazard of water erosion is slight.
• Morval-Tridell complex, (6-25%): These moderately sloping to hilly soils are on
alluvial fans and sides of mesas. Elevation ranges from 6,500 to 8,000 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 15 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 44
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 100 days. The Morval soil is deep and well
drained. Permeability of the Morval soil is moderate and available water capacity is
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow and the hazard
of water erosion is slight. The Tridell soil is deep and well drained. Permeability of the
Tridell soil is moderately rapid and available water capacity is low. The effective rooting
depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is
moderate.
• Potts loam, (3-6%): This deep, well drained, moderately sloping soil is on mesas,
benches, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 7,000 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 46
degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120 days. Permeability is moderate and
available water capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff
is slow and the hazard of water erosion is moderate.
• Potts loam, (6-12%): This deep, well drained, moderately sloping to rolling soil is on
mesas, benches, and sides of valleys. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 7,000 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 14 inches, the average annual air temperature is
about 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 120 days. Permeability is
moderate and available water capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
more. Runoff is medium and the hazard of water erosion is severe.
• Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, (steep): This broadly defined unit
consists of exposed sandstone and shale bedrock, loose stones, and soils that are shallow
to deep. Torriorthents are shallow to moderately deep. Camborthids are shallow to deep.
The Rock outcrop is mainly Mesa Verde sandstone and Wasatch shale. Elevation ranges
from 5,000 to 8,500 feet. The average annual precipitation is about 10 to 15 inches, the
average annual air temperature is 39 to 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is
80 to 105 days.
• Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, (steep): This broadly defined unit consists of
exposed sandstone and shale bedrock, and stony soils that are shallow to moderately
deep. Torriorthents are shallow to moderately deep. The Rock outcrop is mainly Mesa
Verde sandstone and Wasatch shale. Elevation ranges from 5,000 to 8,500 feet. The
average annual precipitation is about 10 to 15 inches, the average annual air temperature
is 39 to 46 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is 80 to 105 days.
• Villa Grove-Zoltay loams, (15-30%): These moderately steep to hilly soils are on
mountainsides and alluvial fans. Elevation ranges from 7,500 to 7,600 feet. The average
annual precipitation is about 16 inches, the average annual air temperature is 43 degrees
F, and the average frost-free period is 100 days. The Villa Grove soil is deep and well
drained. Permeability of the Villa Grove is moderately slow, and available water capacity
is high. Effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the
erosion hazard is slight. The Zoltay soil is deep and well drained. Permeability of the
Zoltay soil is slow, and available water capacity is high. Effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate.