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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1.04 Geo, NRCS soil reportGeologic and Soil Hazards Report Grand River Gathering LLC High Mesa Compressor Station OA Project No. 012-0732 826 21 ½ Road | Grand Junction, CO 81505 | TEL 970.263.7800 | FAX 970.263.7456 Grand River Gathering LLC Olsson Associates High Mesa Compressor Station Grand Junction, CO February 2012 OA Project # 012-0539 1 GEOLOGIC AND SOIL HAZARDS REPORT Introduction Grand River Gathering LLC. has proposed the High Mesa Compressor Station Facility that will be located south of Parachute and I-70, west of Richardson Road and lies between Dry Creek and Pete and Bill Creek in Garfield County Colorado. This proposed Compressor Station will be located in Section 36, Township 7 South, Range 96 West, of the Sixth Principal Meridian. The vicinity of this proposed Compressor Station Facility is shown on a map provided in as an attachment to this document. The Grand River Gathering LLC, Compressor Station Facility project is located on the eastern edge of the Piceance Basin near the Grand Hogback consisting of approximately 2,200 acres. It lies adjacent to areas undergoing natural gas development by Noble Energy Inc. and Grand River Gathering LLC. The natural gas resources that are being developed are underlain by bedrock of the Tertiary age Wasatch Formation, including the lower Fort Union Equivalent at the base and the Ohio Creek Formation. Geology The proposed project is located near the eastern margin of the Piceance Basin; an irregularly- shaped elongated basin formed by tectonic forces that downwarped the earth’s crust as a result of the uplift of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Areas on all sides of the Piceance Basin have been uplifted by these same tectonic forces. Structural Geology The Piceance Basin is the major structural geologic feature in the region. It is bound to the east by the Grand Hogback monocline, the White River uplift to the northeast, the Gunnison uplift to the south, the Uncompahgre uplift to the southwest, the Douglas Creek arch to the west- northwest, and the Axial Basin uplift to the north (Grout and Verbeek, 1992). The Grand Hogback monocline is a sinuous feature comprised of Upper Cretaceous age bedrock of the Mesaverde Group, which includes the Williams Fork Formation and the underlying Mancos Shale. The Grand Hogback forms part of the boundary between two major physiographic provinces, the Colorado Plateau and the Rocky Mountain foreland. The Grand Hogback bends abruptly to the north of the Gibson Gulch quadrangle and strata along the west- Grand River Gathering LLC Olsson Associates High Mesa Compressor Station Grand Junction, CO February 2012 OA Project # 012-0539 2 to southwest-facing, steep limb of the monocline typically dip basinward at an angle of 45° or are even overturned in some areas (Grout and Verbeek, 1992). A series of west-northwest trending, broad, gentle anticlines and synclines, are present within the Piceance Basin to the west of the Grand Hogback. The Wolf Creek anticline and the Divide Creek anticline are the two closest of these structures. The axis of the Divide Creek anticline crosses the southwestern part of the Gibson Gulch quadrangle. There are a total of eight joint sets, or fracture-pattern trends, that have been mapped in the Wasatch and Mesaverde Group bedrock units in the area (Grout and Verbeek, 1992). These joint sets are the result of structural deformation of these sedimentary rock units through geologic time. Surficial Geology The location of the proposed facility is underlain by bedrock of the Tertiary age Wasatch Formation, including the lower Fort Union Equivalent at the base and the Ohio Creek Formation. The Wasatch Formation is divided into an upper section that ranges from 400 feet to 1,600 feet thick, a middle section that ranges from 0 to 400 feet thick, and a lower section that ranges from 400 feet to 900 feet thick. The upper section consists of variegated shale and clay and some lenticular sandstone, conglomerate, and limestone beds. The middle section consists of massive fine-to coarse-grained sandstone that is gray to brown in color, in part conglomeratic, and forms conspicuous ledges where exposed in outcrop. The lower section is composed of variegated shale and clay and some lenticular beds of sandstone, conglomerate, and limestone. Soils According to information prepared by the Natural Resources Conservation Commission Soil Survey, soils in these sections have been mapped as Ildefonso stony loam, (34), Potts loam, (56), and the Potts-Ildefonso complex, (58). A copy of a NRCS Custom Soil Resource Report for the project site has been provided. Ildefonso stony loam (34) soils are developed on 25 percent to 45 percent slopes and consist of well drained soils in land setting of alluvial fans, and valley sides. Elevations range from 5,000 to 6,500 feet above mean sea level. The parent material of this soil is mixed alluvium derived from basalt. The Potts loam (56) is developed on 6 percent to 12 percent slopes, at elevations of 5,000 to 7,000 feet. Found in landform setting of valley sides, benches, and mesas. The parent material of this soil is alluvium derived from basalt and/or alluvium derived from sandstone and shale. The Potts-Ildefonso complex (58) soils are developed on 12 to 25 percent slopes, and consist of well drained soils on mountainsides and ridges at elevations of 5,000 to 6,500 feet. These soils are found in landform setting of valley sides, alluvial fans, and mesas. The parent material of this soil is alluvium derived from basalt and/or alluvium derived from sandstone and shale. Grand River Gathering LLC Olsson Associates High Mesa Compressor Station Grand Junction, CO February 2012 OA Project # 012-0539 3 Conclusions and Summary According to the information provided by Garfield County, Colorado - GIS Department pertaining to the location of the Compressor Station Facility, the overall geologic and soil hazards appear to be, minor slope hazards, and low soil hazards. As depicted on the attached Slope Hazards Map, the location for the proposed facility is not within any identified slope hazard areas. The nearest slope hazard area exists approximately 1.5 miles northwest of the proposed site. Stormwater controls and best management practices should take into consideration the geology and soil types present at this location. These engineering controls and practices should be used temporarily and permanently to divert stormwater away from the construction areas and to prevent additional weight which could trigger a debris flow or landslide. Pits are required to be lined by COGCC rules, but pit liners may also prevent water infiltration into unconsolidated sediments which could trigger slope failure. Pits and catchment basins should be sited and designed so as not to add weight to potentially unstable areas. Olsson appreciates the opportunity to provide this information to Grand River Gathering LLC pertaining to the assessment of geologic and soil hazards associated with the proposed High Mesa Compressor Station Facility in Garfield County, Colorado. Olsson can conduct field work to assist with the site specific assessments of the proposed project, to determine the degree to which these hazards may affect the specific locations. Sincerely, Olsson Associates Inc. Tammie Lee Crossen Associate Geologist Attachments: Figure V-1 – Vicinity Map Figure SM- 1 – Soils Map Figure SH- 1 – Surface Hazards Figure G-1 – Geology Grand River Gathering LLC Olsson Associates High Mesa Compressor Station Grand Junction, CO February 2012 OA Project # 012-0539 4 References Grout, Marilyn A. and Verbeek, Earl R., 1992, U.S.G.S. Bulletin 1787-Z, Fracture History of the Divide Creek and Wolf Creek Anticlines and Its Relation to Laramide Basin-Margin Tectonism, Southern Piceance Basin, Northwestern Colorado, 32 p. Online References Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission http://cogcc.state.co.us/ Natural Resources Conservation Service - Soil Survey http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/ Garfield County, Colorado - GIS Department http://www.garfield-county.com/ 70 6 Parachute High Mesa Compressor Station Legend High Mesa Compressor Station 2409-361-00-048 (Area: 320 acres) 3-mile radial circle Highway/Interstate County RoadsParcels 0 1 20.5 Miles 3-mile radium indicated by dark red circle PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 012-0539 Jenna Muhlbach 3/12/12 VICINITY MAPGRAND RIVER GATHERING, LLC.HIGH MESA COMPRESSORSTATIONGARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 826 21-1/2 ROADGRAND JUNCTION,CO 81505TEL 970.263.7800FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE V - 12 High Mesa Compressor Station 66 34 56 58 34 58 34 58 Legend High Mesa Compressor Station ParcelsHighway/InterstateCounty Roads Soil Type33 - Ildefonso stony loam, 6-25% slopes34 - Ildefonso stony loam, 25-45% slopes56 - Potts loam, 6-12% slopes58 - Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12-25% slopes66 - Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep67 - Torriothents-Rock outcrop complex, steep 0 400 800200Feet PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 012-0539 Jenna Muhlbach 3/9/12 SOILS MAPGRAND RIVER GATHERING, LLC.HIGH MESA COMPRESSORSTATIONGARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 826 21-1/2 ROADGRAND JUNCTION,CO 81505TEL 970.263.7800FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE SM - 14 70 6 High Mesa Compressor Station Stone Quarry Spring Creek Wallace Creek Gardner Tamarisk R i c h a r d s o n Ol d o n e Q u a r r y Ra i n b o w Blac k h a w k Placer Fo u r C o r n e r Monument Morningstar Eme r a l d Par a c h u t e P e t e & B i l l D r a w Ho r i z o n Oa k W a l l a c e C r e e k Legend High Mesa Compressor Station SlopeHazard Parcels - 2409-361-00-048 Parcels Highway/Interstate County Roads 0 0.5 10.25 Miles Slope data obtained from the Garfield County GIS PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 012-0539 Jenna Muhlbach 3/27/12 SLOPE HAZARDS MAPGRAND RIVER GATHERING, LLC.HIGH MESA COMPRESSORSTATIONGARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 826 21-1/2 ROADGRAND JUNCTION,CO 81505TEL 970.263.7800FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE SH - 15 High Mesa Compressor Station Two Qgo Qgo Legend Geology TypeQgo - Old Gravels and AlluviumTwo - Wasatch Formation & Ohio Creek Formation High Mesa Compressor Station Parcels - 2409-361-00-048Parcels Highway/InterstateCounty Roads 0 500 1,000250Feet Geologic Data obtained from the USGS PROJECT NO: DRAWN BY: DATE: 012-0539 Jenna Muhlbach 3/27/12 GEOLOGY MAPGRAND RIVER GATHERING, LLC.HIGH MESA COMPRESSORSTATIONGARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO 826 21-1/2 ROADGRAND JUNCTION,CO 81505TEL 970.263.7800FAX 970.263.7456 FIGURE G - 13 NRCS Soils Report Grand River Gathering LLC High Mesa Compressor Station OA Project No. 012-0732 826 21 ½ Road | Grand Junction, CO 81505 | TEL 970.263.7800 | FAX 970.263.7456 United States Department of Agriculture A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants Custom Soil Resource Report for Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties High Mesa Compressor Station Natural Resources Conservation Service May 15, 2012 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app? agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://soils.usda.gov/contact/ state_offices/). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2 for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface....................................................................................................................2 How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................6 Soil Map..................................................................................................................8 Soil Map................................................................................................................9 Legend................................................................................................................10 Map Unit Legend................................................................................................11 Map Unit Descriptions........................................................................................11 Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties............................13 34—Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes....................................13 56—Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes......................................................13 58—Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes...............................14 66—Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep...................15 67—Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep.........................................17 Soil Information for All Uses...............................................................................19 Suitabilities and Limitations for Use....................................................................19 Building Site Development..............................................................................19 Corrosion of Concrete.................................................................................19 Corrosion of Steel........................................................................................22 Local Roads and Streets.............................................................................25 Construction Materials....................................................................................30 Sand Source................................................................................................30 Topsoil Source............................................................................................35 Land Classifications........................................................................................39 Ecological Site ID: NRCS Rangeland Site..................................................39 Land Management..........................................................................................42 Mechanical Site Preparation (Surface)........................................................42 Water Management........................................................................................46 Pond Reservoir Areas.................................................................................47 Excavated Ponds (Aquifer-Fed)..................................................................51 Soil Properties and Qualities..............................................................................55 Soil Qualities and Features.............................................................................55 Depth to Any Soil Restrictive Layer.............................................................55 Drainage Class............................................................................................58 Hydrologic Soil Group.................................................................................61 Representative Slope..................................................................................65 Unified Soil Classification (Surface)............................................................68 Water Features...............................................................................................71 Flooding Frequency Class...........................................................................71 Ponding Frequency Class...........................................................................75 Soil Reports........................................................................................................79 Building Site Development..............................................................................79 Roads and Streets, Shallow Excavations, and Lawns and Landscaping....79 Soil Chemical Properties.................................................................................82 Chemical Soil Properties.............................................................................82 4 Soil Physical Properties..................................................................................86 Particle Size and Coarse Fragments...........................................................86 Physical Soil Properties...............................................................................90 Soil Qualities and Features.............................................................................95 Soil Features...............................................................................................95 Water Features...............................................................................................98 Water Features............................................................................................98 Water Management......................................................................................101 Ponds and Embankments.........................................................................101 References..........................................................................................................104 Custom Soil Resource Report 5 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the 6 individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil- landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. Custom Soil Resource Report 7 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 8 T7S R96W T7S R95W3631 35 2526 R i c h a r d s o n R d 66 34 56 58 34 58 34 58 67 752400 752400 752600 752600 752800 752800 753000 753000 753200 753200 753400 753400 753600 753600 753800 753800 754000 754000 754200 754200 754400 754400 43 6 4 0 0 0 43 6 4 0 0 0 43 6 4 2 0 0 43 6 4 2 0 0 43 6 4 4 0 0 43 6 4 4 0 0 43 6 4 6 0 0 43 6 4 6 0 0 43 6 4 8 0 0 43 6 4 8 0 0 43 6 5 0 0 0 43 6 5 0 0 0 43 6 5 2 0 0 43 6 5 2 0 0 43 6 5 4 0 0 43 6 5 4 0 0 0 1,000 2,000 3,000500 Feet 0 300 600 900150 Meters± 39° 24' 3'' 10 8 ° 2 ' 3 9 ' ' 39° 23' 14'' 10 8 ° 2 ' 4 1 ' ' 39° 23' 16'' 39° 24' 6'' 10 8 ° 4 ' 1 7 ' ' 10 8 ° 4 ' 1 5 ' ' Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet. Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Map MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Special Point Features Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit Gravelly Spot Landfill Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot Sinkhole Slide or Slip Sodic Spot Spoil Area Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Wet Spot Other Special Line Features Gully Short Steep Slope Other Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Legend Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes 164.8 34.4% 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes 68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes 109.8 22.9% 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep 125.1 26.1% 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep 10.3 2.1% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that Custom Soil Resource Report 11 have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha- Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. Custom Soil Resource Report 12 Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties 34—Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Elevation:5,000 to 6,500 feet Map Unit Composition Ildefonso and similar soils:90 percent Description of Ildefonso Setting Landform:Alluvial fans, valley sides, breaks Down-slope shape:Linear, convex Across-slope shape:Linear, convex Parent material:Mixed alluvium derived from basalt Properties and qualities Slope:25 to 45 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high to high (0.60 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Calcium carbonate, maximum content:35 percent Maximum salinity:Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity:Low (about 5.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability (nonirrigated):7e Typical profile 0 to 8 inches:Stony loam 8 to 60 inches:Very stony loam 56—Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Elevation:5,000 to 7,000 feet Map Unit Composition Potts and similar soils:85 percent Description of Potts Setting Landform:Valley sides, benches, mesas Down-slope shape:Convex, linear Across-slope shape:Convex, linear Custom Soil Resource Report 13 Parent material:Alluvium derived from basalt and/or alluvium derived from sandstone and shale Properties and qualities Slope:6 to 12 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.20 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Calcium carbonate, maximum content:15 percent Maximum salinity:Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity:High (about 10.3 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated):4e Land capability (nonirrigated):4e Ecological site:Rolling Loam (R048AY298CO) Typical profile 0 to 4 inches:Loam 4 to 28 inches:Clay loam 28 to 60 inches:Loam 58—Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Elevation:5,000 to 6,500 feet Map Unit Composition Potts and similar soils:60 percent Ildefonso and similar soils:30 percent Description of Potts Setting Landform:Valley sides, alluvial fans, mesas Down-slope shape:Convex, linear Across-slope shape:Convex, linear Parent material:Alluvium derived from basalt and/or alluvium derived from sandstone and shale Properties and qualities Slope:12 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.20 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Custom Soil Resource Report 14 Calcium carbonate, maximum content:15 percent Maximum salinity:Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity:High (about 10.3 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability (nonirrigated):6e Ecological site:Rolling Loam (R048AY298CO) Typical profile 0 to 4 inches:Loam 4 to 28 inches:Clay loam 28 to 60 inches:Loam Description of Ildefonso Setting Landform:Alluvial fans, mesas, valley sides Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Parent material:Alluvium derived from basalt and/or alluvium derived from sandstone and shale Properties and qualities Slope:12 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high to high (0.60 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Calcium carbonate, maximum content:35 percent Maximum salinity:Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity:Low (about 5.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability (nonirrigated):6e Typical profile 0 to 8 inches:Stony loam 8 to 60 inches:Very stony loam 66—Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep Map Unit Setting Elevation:5,000 to 8,500 feet Mean annual precipitation:10 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature:39 to 46 degrees F Frost-free period:80 to 105 days Map Unit Composition Torriorthents, steep, and similar soils:45 percent Custom Soil Resource Report 15 Camborthids, steep, and similar soils:20 percent Rock outcrop, steep:15 percent Description of Torriorthents, Steep Setting Landform:Mountainsides Landform position (two-dimensional):Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Mountainflank, base slope Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Parent material:Stony, basaltic alluvium derived from sandstone and shale Properties and qualities Slope:15 to 70 percent Depth to restrictive feature:4 to 30 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Calcium carbonate, maximum content:5 percent Maximum salinity:Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity:Very low (about 2.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability (nonirrigated):7e Typical profile 0 to 4 inches:Variable 4 to 30 inches:Fine sandy loam 30 to 34 inches:Unweathered bedrock Description of Camborthids, Steep Setting Landform:Mountainsides Landform position (two-dimensional):Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Mountainflank, base slope Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Parent material:Stony, basaltic alluvium derived from sandstone and shale Properties and qualities Slope:15 to 65 percent Depth to restrictive feature:15 to 60 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Calcium carbonate, maximum content:10 percent Gypsum, maximum content:2 percent Maximum salinity:Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity:Low (about 4.0 inches) Custom Soil Resource Report 16 Interpretive groups Land capability (nonirrigated):7e Typical profile 0 to 4 inches:Variable 4 to 30 inches:Clay loam 30 to 34 inches:Unweathered bedrock Description of Rock Outcrop, Steep Setting Landform:Mountainsides Landform position (three-dimensional):Free face Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Properties and qualities Slope:15 to 70 percent Depth to restrictive feature:0 inches to paralithic bedrock Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Very low to moderately high (0.00 to 0.20 in/hr) Available water capacity:Very low (about 0.0 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability (nonirrigated):8s Typical profile 0 to 60 inches:Unweathered bedrock 67—Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep Map Unit Setting Elevation:5,800 to 8,500 feet Mean annual precipitation:10 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature:39 to 46 degrees F Frost-free period:80 to 105 days Map Unit Composition Torriorthents, steep, and similar soils:60 percent Rock outcrop, steep:25 percent Description of Torriorthents, Steep Setting Landform:Mountainsides Landform position (two-dimensional):Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Mountainflank, base slope Down-slope shape:Concave, convex Across-slope shape:Concave, convex Parent material:Stony, basaltic alluvium derived from sandstone and shale Custom Soil Resource Report 17 Properties and qualities Slope:15 to 70 percent Depth to restrictive feature:4 to 30 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Calcium carbonate, maximum content:5 percent Maximum salinity:Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity:Very low (about 2.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability (nonirrigated):7e Typical profile 0 to 4 inches:Variable 4 to 30 inches:Fine sandy loam 30 to 34 inches:Unweathered bedrock Description of Rock Outcrop, Steep Setting Landform:Mountainsides Landform position (three-dimensional):Free face Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Properties and qualities Slope:15 to 70 percent Depth to restrictive feature:0 inches to paralithic bedrock Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Very low to moderately high (0.00 to 0.20 in/hr) Available water capacity:Very low (about 0.0 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability (nonirrigated):8s Typical profile 0 to 60 inches:Unweathered bedrock Custom Soil Resource Report 18 Soil Information for All Uses Suitabilities and Limitations for Use The Suitabilities and Limitations for Use section includes various soil interpretations displayed as thematic maps with a summary table for the soil map units in the selected area of interest. A single value or rating for each map unit is generated by aggregating the interpretive ratings of individual map unit components. This aggregation process is defined for each interpretation. Building Site Development Building site development interpretations are designed to be used as tools for evaluating soil suitability and identifying soil limitations for various construction purposes. As part of the interpretation process, the rating applies to each soil in its described condition and does not consider present land use. Example interpretations can include corrosion of concrete and steel, shallow excavations, dwellings with and without basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and landscaping. Corrosion of Concrete "Risk of corrosion" pertains to potential soil-induced electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or weakens concrete. The rate of corrosion of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the soil. Special site examination and design may be needed if the combination of factors results in a severe hazard of corrosion. The concrete in installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more susceptible to corrosion than the concrete in installations that are entirely within one kind of soil or within one soil layer. The risk of corrosion is expressed as "low," "moderate," or "high." 19 MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings High Moderate Low Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Table—Corrosion of Concrete Corrosion of Concrete— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Low 164.8 34.4% 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes High 68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes High 109.8 22.9% 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep Low 125.1 26.1% 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep Low 10.3 2.1% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Corrosion of Concrete Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Corrosion of Steel "Risk of corrosion" pertains to potential soil-induced electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or weakens uncoated steel. The rate of corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and electrical conductivity of the soil. Special site examination and design may be needed if the combination of factors results in a severe hazard of corrosion. The steel in installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel in installations that are entirely within one kind of soil or within one soil layer. The risk of corrosion is expressed as "low," "moderate," or "high." Custom Soil Resource Report 22 MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings High Moderate Low Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Table—Corrosion of Steel Corrosion of Steel— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Moderate 164.8 34.4% 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes High 68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes High 109.8 22.9% 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep High 125.1 26.1% 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep High 10.3 2.1% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Corrosion of Steel Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Local Roads and Streets Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year. They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base of gravel, crushed rock, or soil material stabilized by lime or cement; and a surface of flexible material (asphalt), rigid material (concrete), or gravel with a binder. The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect the ease of excavation and grading and the traffic-supporting capacity. The properties that affect the ease of excavation and grading are depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, the amount of large stones, and slope. The properties that affect the traffic-supporting capacity are soil strength (as inferred from the AASHTO group index number), subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential), the potential for frost action, depth to a water table, and ponding. The ratings are both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect the specified use. "Not limited" indicates that the soil has features that are very favorable for the specified use. Good performance and very low maintenance can be expected. "Somewhat limited" indicates that the soil has features that are moderately favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and moderate maintenance can be expected. "Very limited" indicates that the soil has one or more features that are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome without major soil reclamation, special design, or expensive installation procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance can be expected. Custom Soil Resource Report 25 Numerical ratings indicate the severity of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact on the use (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00). The map unit components listed for each map unit in the accompanying Summary by Map Unit table in Web Soil Survey or the Aggregation Report in Soil Data Viewer are determined by the aggregation method chosen. An aggregated rating class is shown for each map unit. The components listed for each map unit are only those that have the same rating class as listed for the map unit. The percent composition of each component in a particular map unit is presented to help the user better understand the percentage of each map unit that has the rating presented. Other components with different ratings may be present in each map unit. The ratings for all components, regardless of the map unit aggregated rating, can be viewed by generating the equivalent report from the Soil Reports tab in Web Soil Survey or from the Soil Data Mart site. Onsite investigation may be needed to validate these interpretations and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. Custom Soil Resource Report 26 T7S R96W T7S R95W3631 35 2526 R i c h a r d s o n R d 66 34 56 58 34 58 34 58 67 752400 752400 752600 752600 752800 752800 753000 753000 753200 753200 753400 753400 753600 753600 753800 753800 754000 754000 754200 754200 754400 754400 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 0 1,000 2,000 3,000500 Feet 0 300 600 900150 Meters 39° 24' 3'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 3 9 '' 39° 23' 14'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 4 1 '' 39° 23' 16'' 39° 24' 6'' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 7 '' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 5 '' Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet. Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Local Roads and Streets MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings Very limited Somewhat limited Not limited Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Tables—Local Roads and Streets Local Roads and Streets— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent)Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Very limited Ildefonso (90%)Slope (1.00)164.8 34.4% Large stones content (1.00) 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Very limited Potts (85%)Low strength (1.00) 68.5 14.3% Shrink-swell (0.50) Slope (0.04) 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Very limited Potts (60%)Slope (1.00)109.8 22.9% Low strength (1.00) Shrink-swell (0.50) Ildefonso (30%)Slope (1.00) Large stones content (1.00) 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids- Rock outcrop complex, steep Very limited Torriorthents, steep (45%)Depth to hard bedrock (1.00) 125.1 26.1% Slope (1.00) Camborthids, steep (20%)Slope (1.00) Shrink-swell (0.50) Low strength (0.22) Depth to hard bedrock (0.02) 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep Very limited Torriorthents, steep (60%)Depth to hard bedrock (1.00) 10.3 2.1% Slope (1.00) Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Local Roads and Streets— Summary by Rating Value Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Very limited 478.6 100.0% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Custom Soil Resource Report 29 Rating Options—Local Roads and Streets Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Construction Materials Construction materials interpretations are tools designed to provide guidance to users in selecting a site for potential source of various materials. Individual soils or groups of soils may be selected as a potential source because they are close at hand, are the only source available, or they meets some or all of the physical or chemical properties required for the intended application. Example interpretations include roadfill, sand and gravel, topsoil and reclamation material. Sand Source Sand is a natural aggregate (0.05 millimeter to 2 millimeters in diameter) suitable for commercial use with a minimum of processing. It is used in many kinds of construction. Specifications for each use vary widely. Only the probability of finding material in suitable quantity is evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect excavation of the material. The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source of sand are gradation of grain sizes (as indicated by the Unified classification of the soil), the thickness of suitable material, and the content of rock fragments. If the bottom layer of the soil contains sand, the soil is considered a likely source regardless of thickness. The assumption is that the sand layer below the depth of observation exceeds the minimum thickness. The ratings are for the whole soil, from the surface to a depth of about 6 feet. The soils are rated "good," "fair," or "poor" as potential sources of sand. A rating of "good" or "fair" means that sand is likely to be in or below the soil. The bottom layer and the thickest layer of the soil are assigned numerical ratings. These ratings indicate the likelihood that the layer is a source of sand. The number 0.00 indicates that the layer is a "poor source." The number 1.00 indicates that the layer is a "good source." A number between 0.00 and 1.00 indicates the degree to which the layer is a likely source. The map unit components listed for each map unit in the accompanying Summary by Map Unit table in Web Soil Survey or the Aggregation Report in Soil Data Viewer are determined by the aggregation method chosen. An aggregated rating class is shown for each map unit. The components listed for each map unit are only those that have the same rating class as listed for the map unit. The percent composition of each component in a particular map unit is presented to help the user better understand the percentage of each map unit that has the rating presented. Custom Soil Resource Report 30 Other components with different ratings may be present in each map unit. The ratings for all components, regardless of the map unit aggregated rating, can be viewed by generating the equivalent report from the Soil Reports tab in Web Soil Survey or from the Soil Data Mart site. Onsite investigation may be needed to validate these interpretations and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. Custom Soil Resource Report 31 T7S R96W T7S R95W3631 35 2526 R i c h a r d s o n R d 66 34 56 58 34 58 34 58 67 752400 752400 752600 752600 752800 752800 753000 753000 753200 753200 753400 753400 753600 753600 753800 753800 754000 754000 754200 754200 754400 754400 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 0 1,000 2,000 3,000500 Feet 0 300 600 900150 Meters 39° 24' 3'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 3 9 '' 39° 23' 14'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 4 1 '' 39° 23' 16'' 39° 24' 6'' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 7 '' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 5 '' Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet. Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Sand Source MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings Poor Fair Good Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Tables—Sand Source Sand Source— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent)Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Poor Ildefonso (90%)Bottom layer (0.00) 164.8 34.4% Thickest layer (0.00) 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Poor Potts (85%)Bottom layer (0.00) 68.5 14.3% Thickest layer (0.00) 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Poor Potts (60%)Bottom layer (0.00) 109.8 22.9% Thickest layer (0.00) Ildefonso (30%)Bottom layer (0.00) Thickest layer (0.00) 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids- Rock outcrop complex, steep Poor Torriorthents, steep (45%)Bottom layer (0.00) 125.1 26.1% Thickest layer (0.00) Camborthids, steep (20%)Bottom layer (0.00) Thickest layer (0.00) 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep Poor Torriorthents, steep (60%)Bottom layer (0.00) 10.3 2.1% Thickest layer (0.00) Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Sand Source— Summary by Rating Value Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Poor 478.6 100.0% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Sand Source Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Lower Custom Soil Resource Report 34 Topsoil Source Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation can be established and maintained. The surface layer of most soils is generally preferred for topsoil because of its content of organic matter. Organic matter greatly increases the absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for plant growth. The upper 40 inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow area. Normal compaction, minor processing, and other standard construction practices are assumed. The soils are rated "good," "fair," or "poor" as potential sources of topsoil. The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect plant growth; the ease of excavating, loading, and spreading the material; and reclamation of the borrow area. Toxic substances, soil reaction, and the properties that are inferred from soil texture, such as available water capacity and fertility, affect plant growth. The ease of excavating, loading, and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, depth to a water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by slope, depth to a water table, rock fragments, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, and toxic material. Numerical ratings between 0.00 and 0.99 are given after the specified features. These numbers indicate the degree to which the features limit the soils as sources of topsoil. The lower the number, the greater the limitation. The map unit components listed for each map unit in the accompanying Summary by Map Unit table in Web Soil Survey or the Aggregation Report in Soil Data Viewer are determined by the aggregation method chosen. An aggregated rating class is shown for each map unit. The components listed for each map unit are only those that have the same rating class as listed for the map unit. The percent composition of each component in a particular map unit is presented to help the user better understand the percentage of each map unit that has the rating presented. Other components with different ratings may be present in each map unit. The ratings for all components, regardless of the map unit aggregated rating, can be viewed by generating the equivalent report from the Soil Reports tab in Web Soil Survey or from the Soil Data Mart site. Onsite investigation may be needed to validate these interpretations and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. Custom Soil Resource Report 35 T7S R96W T7S R95W3631 35 2526 R i c h a r d s o n R d 66 34 56 58 34 58 34 58 67 752400 752400 752600 752600 752800 752800 753000 753000 753200 753200 753400 753400 753600 753600 753800 753800 754000 754000 754200 754200 754400 754400 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 0 1,000 2,000 3,000500 Feet 0 300 600 900150 Meters 39° 24' 3'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 3 9 '' 39° 23' 14'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 4 1 '' 39° 23' 16'' 39° 24' 6'' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 7 '' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 5 '' Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet. Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Topsoil Source MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings Poor Fair Good Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Tables—Topsoil Source Topsoil Source— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent)Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Poor Ildefonso (90%)Slope (0.00)164.8 34.4% Rock fragments (0.00) Hard to reclaim (rock fragments) (0.00) Carbonate content (0.84) 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Fair Potts (85%)Too clayey (0.72)68.5 14.3% Slope (0.96) 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Poor Potts (60%)Slope (0.00)109.8 22.9% Too clayey (0.72) Ildefonso (30%)Slope (0.00) Rock fragments (0.00) Hard to reclaim (rock fragments) (0.00) Carbonate content (0.84) 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids- Rock outcrop complex, steep Poor Torriorthents, steep (45%)Slope (0.00)125.1 26.1% Depth to bedrock (0.00) Rock fragments (0.88) Camborthids, steep (20%)Slope (0.00) Rock fragments (0.97) Depth to bedrock (0.98) 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep Poor Torriorthents, steep (60%)Slope (0.00)10.3 2.1% Depth to bedrock (0.00) Rock fragments (0.98) Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Topsoil Source— Summary by Rating Value Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Poor 410.0 85.7% Fair 68.5 14.3% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Custom Soil Resource Report 38 Rating Options—Topsoil Source Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Lower Land Classifications Land Classifications are specified land use and management groupings that are assigned to soil areas because combinations of soil have similar behavior for specified practices. Most are based on soil properties and other factors that directly influence the specific use of the soil. Example classifications include ecological site classification, farmland classification, irrigated and nonirrigated land capability classification, and hydric rating. Ecological Site ID: NRCS Rangeland Site An "ecological site ID" is the symbol assigned to a particular ecological site. An "ecological site" is the product of all the environmental factors responsible for its development. It has characteristic soils that have developed over time; a characteristic hydrology, particularly infiltration and runoff, that has developed over time; and a characteristic plant community (kind and amount of vegetation). The vegetation, soils, and hydrology are all interrelated. Each is influenced by the others and influences the development of the others. For example, the hydrology of the site is influenced by development of the soil and plant community. The plant community on an ecological site is typified by an association of species that differs from that of other ecological sites in the kind and/or proportion of species or in total production. Descriptions of ecological sites are provided in the Field Office Technical Guide, which is available in local offices of the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Custom Soil Resource Report 39 MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings R048AY298CO Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Table—Ecological Site ID: NRCS Rangeland Site Ecological Site ID: NRCS Rangeland Site— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes 164.8 34.4% 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes R048AY298CO 68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes R048AY298CO 109.8 22.9% 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep 125.1 26.1% 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep 10.3 2.1% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Ecological Site ID: NRCS Rangeland Site Class: NRCS Rangeland Site Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Lower Land Management Land management interpretations are tools designed to guide the user in evaluating existing conditions in planning and predicting the soil response to various land management practices, for a variety of land uses, including cropland, forestland, hayland, pastureland, horticulture, and rangeland. Example interpretations include suitability for a variety of irrigation practices, log landings, haul roads and major skid trails, equipment operability, site preparation, suitability for hand and mechanical planting, potential erosion hazard associated with various practices, and ratings for fencing and waterline installation. Mechanical Site Preparation (Surface) The ratings in this interpretation indicate the suitability for use of surface-altering soil tillage equipment during site preparation in forested areas. The ratings are based on slope, depth to a restrictive layer, plasticity index, rock fragments on or below the surface, depth to a water table, and ponding. The part of the soil from the surface to a depth of about 1 foot is considered in the ratings. The ratings are both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the degree to which the soils are suited to this aspect of forestland management. The soils are Custom Soil Resource Report 42 described as "well suited," "poorly suited," or "unsuited" to this management activity. "Well suited" indicates that the soil has features that are favorable for the specified kind of site preparation and has no limitations. Good performance can be expected, and little or no maintenance is needed. "Poorly suited" indicates that the soil has one or more properties that are unfavorable for the specified kind of site preparation. Overcoming the unfavorable properties requires special design, extra maintenance, and costly alteration. "Unsuited" indicates that the expected performance of the soil is unacceptable for the specified kind of site preparation or that extreme measures are needed to overcome the undesirable soil properties. Numerical ratings indicate the severity of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact on the specified aspect of forestland management (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00). The map unit components listed for each map unit in the accompanying Summary by Map Unit table in Web Soil Survey or the Aggregation Report in Soil Data Viewer are determined by the aggregation method chosen. An aggregated rating class is shown for each map unit. The components listed for each map unit are only those that have the same rating class as listed for the map unit. The percent composition of each component in a particular map unit is presented to help the user better understand the percentage of each map unit that has the rating presented. Other components with different ratings may be present in each map unit. The ratings for all components, regardless of the map unit aggregated rating, can be viewed by generating the equivalent report from the Soil Reports tab in Web Soil Survey or from the Soil Data Mart site. Onsite investigation may be needed to validate these interpretations and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. Custom Soil Resource Report 43 MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings Unsuited Poorly suited Well suited Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Tables—Mechanical Site Preparation (Surface) Mechanical Site Preparation (Surface)— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent)Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Poorly suited Ildefonso (90%)Slope (0.50)164.8 34.4% Rock fragments (0.50) 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Well suited Potts (85%)68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Poorly suited Potts (60%)Slope (0.50)109.8 22.9% Ildefonso (30%)Slope (0.50) Rock fragments (0.50) 66 Torriorthents- Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep Unsuited Torriorthents, steep (45%)Slope (1.00)125.1 26.1% Camborthids, steep (20%)Slope (1.00) Rock outcrop, steep (15%)Slope (1.00) 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep Unsuited Torriorthents, steep (60%)Slope (1.00)10.3 2.1% Rock outcrop, steep (25%)Slope (1.00) Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Mechanical Site Preparation (Surface)— Summary by Rating Value Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Poorly suited 274.6 57.4% Unsuited 135.4 28.3% Well suited 68.5 14.3% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Mechanical Site Preparation (Surface) Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Water Management Water Management interpretations are tools for evaluating the potential of the soil in the application of various water management practices. Example interpretations include pond reservoir area, embankments, dikes, levees, and excavated ponds. Custom Soil Resource Report 46 Pond Reservoir Areas Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The seepage potential is determined by the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) of the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the storage capacity of the reservoir area. The ratings are both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect the specified use. "Not limited" indicates that the soil has features that are very favorable for the specified use. Good performance and very low maintenance can be expected. "Somewhat limited" indicates that the soil has features that are moderately favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and moderate maintenance can be expected. "Very limited" indicates that the soil has one or more features that are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome without major soil reclamation, special design, or expensive installation procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance can be expected. Numerical ratings indicate the severity of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact on the use (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00). The map unit components listed for each map unit in the accompanying Summary by Map Unit table in Web Soil Survey or the Aggregation Report in Soil Data Viewer are determined by the aggregation method chosen. An aggregated rating class is shown for each map unit. The components listed for each map unit are only those that have the same rating class as listed for the map unit. The percent composition of each component in a particular map unit is presented to help the user better understand the percentage of each map unit that has the rating presented. Other components with different ratings may be present in each map unit. The ratings for all components, regardless of the map unit aggregated rating, can be viewed by generating the equivalent report from the Soil Reports tab in Web Soil Survey or from the Soil Data Mart site. Onsite investigation may be needed to validate these interpretations and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. Custom Soil Resource Report 47 T7S R96W T7S R95W3631 35 2526 R i c h a r d s o n R d 66 34 56 58 34 58 34 58 67 752400 752400 752600 752600 752800 752800 753000 753000 753200 753200 753400 753400 753600 753600 753800 753800 754000 754000 754200 754200 754400 754400 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 0 1,000 2,000 3,000500 Feet 0 300 600 900150 Meters 39° 24' 3'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 3 9 '' 39° 23' 14'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 4 1 '' 39° 23' 16'' 39° 24' 6'' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 7 '' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 5 '' Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet. Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Pond Reservoir Areas MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings Very limited Somewhat limited Not limited Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Tables—Pond Reservoir Areas Pond Reservoir Areas— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent)Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Very limited Ildefonso (90%)Slope (1.00)164.8 34.4% Seepage (1.00) 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Very limited Potts (85%)Slope (1.00)68.5 14.3% Seepage (1.00) 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Very limited Potts (60%)Slope (1.00)109.8 22.9% Seepage (1.00) Ildefonso (30%)Slope (1.00) Seepage (1.00) 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids- Rock outcrop complex, steep Very limited Torriorthents, steep (45%)Slope (1.00)125.1 26.1% Depth to bedrock (1.00) Seepage (0.72) Camborthids, steep (20%)Slope (1.00) Seepage (0.72) Depth to bedrock (0.59) Rock outcrop, steep (15%)Slope (1.00) Depth to bedrock (1.00) 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep Very limited Torriorthents, steep (60%)Slope (1.00)10.3 2.1% Depth to bedrock (1.00) Seepage (0.72) Rock outcrop, steep (25%)Slope (1.00) Depth to bedrock (1.00) Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Pond Reservoir Areas— Summary by Rating Value Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Very limited 478.6 100.0% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Custom Soil Resource Report 50 Rating Options—Pond Reservoir Areas Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Excavated Ponds (Aquifer-Fed) Excavated ponds (aquifer-fed) are pits or dugouts that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by depth to a permanent water table, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) of the aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the salinity of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of large stones affect the ease of excavation. The ratings are both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect the specified use. "Not limited" indicates that the soil has features that are very favorable for the specified use. Good performance and very low maintenance can be expected. "Somewhat limited" indicates that the soil has features that are moderately favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and moderate maintenance can be expected. "Very limited" indicates that the soil has one or more features that are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome without major soil reclamation, special design, or expensive installation procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance can be expected. Numerical ratings indicate the severity of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact on the use (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00). The map unit components listed for each map unit in the accompanying Summary by Map Unit table in Web Soil Survey or the Aggregation Report in Soil Data Viewer are determined by the aggregation method chosen. An aggregated rating class is shown for each map unit. The components listed for each map unit are only those that have the same rating class as listed for the map unit. The percent composition of each component in a particular map unit is presented to help the user better understand the percentage of each map unit that has the rating presented. Other components with different ratings may be present in each map unit. The ratings for all components, regardless of the map unit aggregated rating, can be viewed by generating the equivalent report from the Soil Reports tab in Web Soil Survey or from the Soil Data Mart site. Onsite investigation may be needed to validate these interpretations and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. Custom Soil Resource Report 51 T7S R96W T7S R95W3631 35 2526 R i c h a r d s o n R d 66 34 56 58 34 58 34 58 67 752400 752400 752600 752600 752800 752800 753000 753000 753200 753200 753400 753400 753600 753600 753800 753800 754000 754000 754200 754200 754400 754400 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 0 1,000 2,000 3,000500 Feet 0 300 600 900150 Meters 39° 24' 3'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 3 9 '' 39° 23' 14'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 4 1 '' 39° 23' 16'' 39° 24' 6'' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 7 '' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 5 '' Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet. Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Excavated Ponds (Aquifer-Fed) MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings Very limited Somewhat limited Not limited Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Tables—Excavated Ponds (Aquifer-Fed) Excavated Ponds (Aquifer-Fed)— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent)Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Very limited Ildefonso (90%)Depth to water (1.00) 164.8 34.4% 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Very limited Potts (85%)Depth to water (1.00) 68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Very limited Potts (60%)Depth to water (1.00) 109.8 22.9% Ildefonso (30%)Depth to water (1.00) 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids- Rock outcrop complex, steep Very limited Torriorthents, steep (45%)Depth to water (1.00) 125.1 26.1% Camborthids, steep (20%)Depth to water (1.00) 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep Very limited Torriorthents, steep (60%)Depth to water (1.00) 10.3 2.1% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Excavated Ponds (Aquifer-Fed)— Summary by Rating Value Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Very limited 478.6 100.0% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Excavated Ponds (Aquifer-Fed) Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Custom Soil Resource Report 54 Soil Properties and Qualities The Soil Properties and Qualities section includes various soil properties and qualities displayed as thematic maps with a summary table for the soil map units in the selected area of interest. A single value or rating for each map unit is generated by aggregating the interpretive ratings of individual map unit components. This aggregation process is defined for each property or quality. Soil Qualities and Features Soil qualities are behavior and performance attributes that are not directly measured, but are inferred from observations of dynamic conditions and from soil properties. Example soil qualities include natural drainage, and frost action. Soil features are attributes that are not directly part of the soil. Example soil features include slope and depth to restrictive layer. These features can greatly impact the use and management of the soil. Depth to Any Soil Restrictive Layer A "restrictive layer" is a nearly continuous layer that has one or more physical, chemical, or thermal properties that significantly impede the movement of water and air through the soil or that restrict roots or otherwise provide an unfavorable root environment. Examples are bedrock, cemented layers, dense layers, and frozen layers. This theme presents the depth to any type of restrictive layer that is described for each map unit. If more than one type of restrictive layer is described for an individual soil type, the depth to the shallowest one is presented. If no restrictive layer is described in a map unit, it is represented by the "> 200" depth class. This attribute is actually recorded as three separate values in the database. A low value and a high value indicate the range of this attribute for the soil component. A "representative" value indicates the expected value of this attribute for the component. For this soil property, only the representative value is used. Custom Soil Resource Report 55 T7S R96W T7S R95W3631 35 2526 R i c h a r d s o n R d 66 34 56 58 34 58 34 58 67 752400 752400 752600 752600 752800 752800 753000 753000 753200 753200 753400 753400 753600 753600 753800 753800 754000 754000 754200 754200 754400 754400 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 0 1,000 2,000 3,000500 Feet 0 300 600 900150 Meters 39° 24' 3'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 3 9 '' 39° 23' 14'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 4 1 '' 39° 23' 16'' 39° 24' 6'' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 7 '' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 5 '' Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet. Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Depth to Any Soil Restrictive Layer MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings 0 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 100 100 - 150 150 - 200 > 200 Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Table—Depth to Any Soil Restrictive Layer Depth to Any Soil Restrictive Layer— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating (centimeters)Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes >200 164.8 34.4% 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes >200 68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes >200 109.8 22.9% 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep 43 125.1 26.1% 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep 43 10.3 2.1% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Depth to Any Soil Restrictive Layer Units of Measure: centimeters Aggregation Method: Dominant Component Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Lower Interpret Nulls as Zero: No Drainage Class "Drainage class (natural)" refers to the frequency and duration of wet periods under conditions similar to those under which the soil formed. Alterations of the water regime by human activities, either through drainage or irrigation, are not a consideration unless they have significantly changed the morphology of the soil. Seven classes of natural soil drainage are recognized-excessively drained, somewhat excessively drained, well drained, moderately well drained, somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and very poorly drained. These classes are defined in the "Soil Survey Manual." Custom Soil Resource Report 58 T7S R96W T7S R95W3631 35 2526 R i c h a r d s o n R d 66 34 56 58 34 58 34 58 67 752400 752400 752600 752600 752800 752800 753000 753000 753200 753200 753400 753400 753600 753600 753800 753800 754000 754000 754200 754200 754400 754400 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 0 1,000 2,000 3,000500 Feet 0 300 600 900150 Meters 39° 24' 3'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 3 9 '' 39° 23' 14'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 4 1 '' 39° 23' 16'' 39° 24' 6'' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 7 '' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 5 '' Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet. Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Drainage Class MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings Excessively drained Somewhat excessively drained Well drained Moderately well drained Somewhat poorly drained Poorly drained Very poorly drained Subaqueous Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Table—Drainage Class Drainage Class— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Well drained 164.8 34.4% 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Well drained 68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Well drained 109.8 22.9% 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep Well drained 125.1 26.1% 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep Well drained 10.3 2.1% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Drainage Class Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Hydrologic Soil Group Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long- duration storms. The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D) and three dual classes (A/D, B/D, and C/D). The groups are defined as follows: Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission. Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission. Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission. Custom Soil Resource Report 61 Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Only the soils that in their natural condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes. Custom Soil Resource Report 62 MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings A A/D B B/D C C/D D Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Table—Hydrologic Soil Group Hydrologic Soil Group— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes B 164.8 34.4% 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes B 68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes B 109.8 22.9% 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep D 125.1 26.1% 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep D 10.3 2.1% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Hydrologic Soil Group Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Representative Slope Slope gradient is the difference in elevation between two points, expressed as a percentage of the distance between those points. The slope gradient is actually recorded as three separate values in the database. A low value and a high value indicate the range of this attribute for the soil component. A "representative" value indicates the expected value of this attribute for the component. For this soil property, only the representative value is used. Custom Soil Resource Report 65 MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings 0 - 5 5 - 15 15 - 30 30 - 45 45 - 60 Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Table—Representative Slope Representative Slope— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating (percent)Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes 35.0 164.8 34.4% 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes 9.0 68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes 19.0 109.8 22.9% 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep 43.0 125.1 26.1% 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep 43.0 10.3 2.1% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Representative Slope Units of Measure: percent Aggregation Method: Dominant Component Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Interpret Nulls as Zero: No Unified Soil Classification (Surface) The Unified soil classification system classifies mineral and organic mineral soils for engineering purposes on the basis of particle-size characteristics, liquid limit, and plasticity index. It identifies three major soil divisions: (i) coarse-grained soils having less than 50 percent, by weight, particles smaller than 0.074 mm in diameter; (ii) fine- grained soils having 50 percent or more, by weight, particles smaller than 0.074 mm in diameter; and (iii) highly organic soils that demonstrate certain organic characteristics. These divisions are further subdivided into a total of 15 basic soil groups. The major soil divisions and basic soil groups are determined on the basis of estimated or measured values for grain-size distribution and Atterberg limits. ASTM D 2487 shows the criteria chart used for classifying soil in the Unified system and the 15 basic soil groups of the system and the plasticity chart for the Unified system. The various groupings of this classification correlate in a general way with the engineering behavior of soils. This correlation provides a useful first step in any field or laboratory investigation for engineering purposes. It can serve to make some general interpretations relating to probable performance of the soil for engineering uses. For each soil horizon in the database one or more Unified soil classifications may be listed. One is marked as the representative or most commonly occurring. The representative classification is shown here for the surface layer of the soil. Custom Soil Resource Report 68 MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings CH CL CL-A (proposed) CL-K (proposed) CL-ML CL-O (proposed) CL-T (proposed) GC GC-GM GM GP GP-GC GP-GM GW GW-GC GW-GM MH MH-A (proposed) MH-K (proposed) MH-O (proposed) MH-T (proposed) ML ML-A (proposed) ML-K (proposed) ML-O (proposed) ML-T (proposed) OH OH-T (proposed) OL PT SC SC-SM SM SP SP-SC SP-SM SW SW-SC SW-SM Not rated or not available Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Table—Unified Soil Classification (Surface) Unified Soil Classification (Surface)— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes CL 164.8 34.4% 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes CL 68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes CL 109.8 22.9% 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep 125.1 26.1% 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep 10.3 2.1% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Unified Soil Classification (Surface) Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Lower Layer Options: Surface Layer Water Features Water Features include ponding frequency, flooding frequency, and depth to water table. Flooding Frequency Class Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes is considered ponding rather than flooding. Frequency is expressed as none, very rare, rare, occasional, frequent, and very frequent. "None" means that flooding is not probable. The chance of flooding is nearly 0 percent in any year. Flooding occurs less than once in 500 years. "Very rare" means that flooding is very unlikely but possible under extremely unusual weather conditions. The chance of flooding is less than 1 percent in any year. Custom Soil Resource Report 71 "Rare" means that flooding is unlikely but possible under unusual weather conditions. The chance of flooding is 1 to 5 percent in any year. "Occasional" means that flooding occurs infrequently under normal weather conditions. The chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year. "Frequent" means that flooding is likely to occur often under normal weather conditions. The chance of flooding is more than 50 percent in any year but is less than 50 percent in all months in any year. "Very frequent" means that flooding is likely to occur very often under normal weather conditions. The chance of flooding is more than 50 percent in all months of any year. Custom Soil Resource Report 72 T7S R96W T7S R95W3631 35 2526 R i c h a r d s o n R d 66 34 56 58 34 58 34 58 67 752400 752400 752600 752600 752800 752800 753000 753000 753200 753200 753400 753400 753600 753600 753800 753800 754000 754000 754200 754200 754400 754400 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 0 1,000 2,000 3,000500 Feet 0 300 600 900150 Meters 39° 24' 3'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 3 9 '' 39° 23' 14'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 4 1 '' 39° 23' 16'' 39° 24' 6'' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 7 '' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 5 '' Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet. Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Flooding Frequency Class MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings None Very Rare Rare Occasional Frequent Very Frequent Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Table—Flooding Frequency Class Flooding Frequency Class— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes None 164.8 34.4% 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes None 68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes None 109.8 22.9% 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep None 125.1 26.1% 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep None 10.3 2.1% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Flooding Frequency Class Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: More Frequent Beginning Month: January Ending Month: December Ponding Frequency Class Ponding is standing water in a closed depression. The water is removed only by deep percolation, transpiration, or evaporation or by a combination of these processes. Ponding frequency classes are based on the number of times that ponding occurs over a given period. Frequency is expressed as none, rare, occasional, and frequent. "None" means that ponding is not probable. The chance of ponding is nearly 0 percent in any year. "Rare" means that ponding is unlikely but possible under unusual weather conditions. The chance of ponding is nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year. "Occasional" means that ponding occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years. The chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year. "Frequent" means that ponding occurs, on the average, more than once in 2 years. The chance of ponding is more than 50 percent in any year. Custom Soil Resource Report 75 T7S R96W T7S R95W3631 35 2526 R i c h a r d s o n R d 66 34 56 58 34 58 34 58 67 752400 752400 752600 752600 752800 752800 753000 753000 753200 753200 753400 753400 753600 753600 753800 753800 754000 754000 754200 754200 754400 754400 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 0 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 4 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 6 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 4 8 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 2 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 4 3 6 5 4 0 0 0 1,000 2,000 3,000500 Feet 0 300 600 900150 Meters 39° 24' 3'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 3 9 '' 39° 23' 14'' 1 0 8 ° 2 ' 4 1 '' 39° 23' 16'' 39° 24' 6'' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 7 '' 1 0 8 ° 4 ' 1 5 '' Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet. Custom Soil Resource Report Map—Ponding Frequency Class MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Soil Ratings None Rare Occasional Frequent Political Features Cities PLSS Township and Range PLSS Section Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:11,000 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 12N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Survey Area Data: Version 6, Mar 25, 2008 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/8/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report Table—Ponding Frequency Class Ponding Frequency Class— Summary by Map Unit — Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties (CO683) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 34 Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes None 164.8 34.4% 56 Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes None 68.5 14.3% 58 Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes None 109.8 22.9% 66 Torriorthents-Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep None 125.1 26.1% 67 Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep None 10.3 2.1% Totals for Area of Interest 478.6 100.0% Rating Options—Ponding Frequency Class Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: More Frequent Beginning Month: January Ending Month: December Custom Soil Resource Report 78 Soil Reports The Soil Reports section includes various formatted tabular and narrative reports (tables) containing data for each selected soil map unit and each component of each unit. No aggregation of data has occurred as is done in reports in the Soil Properties and Qualities and Suitabilities and Limitations sections. The reports contain soil interpretive information as well as basic soil properties and qualities. A description of each report (table) is included. Building Site Development This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil interpretations related to building site development. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit, limiting features and interpretive ratings. Building site development interpretations are designed to be used as tools for evaluating soil suitability and identifying soil limitations for various construction purposes. As part of the interpretation process, the rating applies to each soil in its described condition and does not consider present land use. Example interpretations can include corrosion of concrete and steel, shallow excavations, dwellings with and without basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and landscaping. Roads and Streets, Shallow Excavations, and Lawns and Landscaping Soil properties influence the development of building sites, including the selection of the site, the design of the structure, construction, performance after construction, and maintenance. This table shows the degree and kind of soil limitations that affect local roads and streets, shallow excavations, and lawns and landscaping. The ratings in the table are both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect building site development. Not limited indicates that the soil has features that are very favorable for the specified use. Good performance and very low maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has features that are moderately favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and moderate maintenance can be expected. Very limited indicates that the soil has one or more features that are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome without major soil reclamation, special design, or expensive installation procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance can be expected. Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact on the use (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00). Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year. They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base of gravel, Custom Soil Resource Report 79 crushed rock, or soil material stabilized by lime or cement; and a surface of flexible material (asphalt), rigid material (concrete), or gravel with a binder. The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect the ease of excavation and grading and the traffic-supporting capacity. The properties that affect the ease of excavation and grading are depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, the amount of large stones, and slope. The properties that affect the traffic-supporting capacity are soil strength (as inferred from the AASHTO group index number), subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential), the potential for frost action, depth to a water table, and ponding. Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for graves, utility lines, open ditches, or other purposes. The ratings are based on the soil properties that influence the ease of digging and the resistance to sloughing. Depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan, the amount of large stones, and dense layers influence the ease of digging, filling, and compacting. Depth to the seasonal high water table, flooding, and ponding may restrict the period when excavations can be made. Slope influences the ease of using machinery. Soil texture, depth to the water table, and linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential) influence the resistance to sloughing. Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established and maintained. Irrigation is not considered in the ratings. The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect plant growth and trafficability after vegetation is established. The properties that affect plant growth are reaction; depth to a water table; ponding; depth to bedrock or a cemented pan; the available water capacity in the upper 40 inches; the content of salts, sodium, or calcium carbonate; and sulfidic materials. The properties that affect trafficability are flooding, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, stoniness, and the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface layer. Information in this table is intended for land use planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for planning site investigations prior to design and construction. The information, however, has limitations. For example, estimates and other data generally apply only to that part of the soil between the surface and a depth of 5 to 7 feet. Because of the map scale, small areas of different soils may be included within the mapped areas of a specific soil. The information is not site specific and does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in the design and construction of engineering works. Government ordinances and regulations that restrict certain land uses or impose specific design criteria were not considered in preparing the information in this table. Local ordinances and regulations should be considered in planning, in site selection, and in design. Report—Roads and Streets, Shallow Excavations, and Lawns and Landscaping [Onsite investigation may be needed to validate the interpretations in this table and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the potential limitation. The table shows only the top five limitations for any given soil. The soil may have additional limitations] Custom Soil Resource Report 80 Roads and Streets, Shallow Excavations, and Lawns and Landscaping– Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Map symbol and soil name Pct. of map unit Local roads and streets Shallow excavations Lawns and landscaping Rating class and limiting features Value Rating class and limiting features Value Rating class and limiting features Value 34—Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Ildefonso 90 Very limited Very limited Very limited Slope 1.00 Slope 1.00 Slope 1.00 Large stones content 1.00 Large stones content 1.00 Large stones content 0.84 Cutbanks cave 0.10 Droughty 0.13 56—Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Potts 85 Very limited Somewhat limited Somewhat limited Low strength 1.00 Cutbanks cave 0.10 Slope 0.04 Shrink-swell 0.50 Slope 0.04 Slope 0.04 58—Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Potts 60 Very limited Very limited Very limited Slope 1.00 Slope 1.00 Slope 1.00 Low strength 1.00 Cutbanks cave 0.10 Shrink-swell 0.50 Ildefonso 30 Very limited Very limited Very limited Slope 1.00 Slope 1.00 Slope 1.00 Large stones content 1.00 Large stones content 1.00 Large stones content 0.84 Cutbanks cave 0.10 Droughty 0.13 66—Torriorthents- Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep 45 Very limited Very limited Not rated Depth to hard bedrock 1.00 Depth to hard bedrock 1.00 Slope 1.00 Slope 1.00 Camborthids, steep 20 Very limited Very limited Very limited Slope 1.00 Depth to hard bedrock 1.00 Slope 1.00 Shrink-swell 0.50 Slope 1.00 Depth to bedrock 0.02 Low strength 0.22 Cutbanks cave 0.10 Droughty 0.01 Depth to hard bedrock 0.02 Rock outcrop, steep 15 Not rated Not rated Not rated Custom Soil Resource Report 81 Roads and Streets, Shallow Excavations, and Lawns and Landscaping– Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Map symbol and soil name Pct. of map unit Local roads and streets Shallow excavations Lawns and landscaping Rating class and limiting features Value Rating class and limiting features Value Rating class and limiting features Value 67—Torriorthents- Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep 60 Very limited Very limited Not rated Depth to hard bedrock 1.00 Depth to hard bedrock 1.00 Slope 1.00 Slope 1.00 Rock outcrop, steep 25 Not rated Not rated Not rated Soil Chemical Properties This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil chemical properties. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit. Soil chemical properties are measured or inferred from direct observations in the field or laboratory. Examples of soil chemical properties include pH, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate, gypsum, and electrical conductivity. Chemical Soil Properties This table shows estimates of some chemical characteristics and features that affect soil behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in the survey area. The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and similar soils. Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated. Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of extractable cations that can be held by the soil, expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity hold fewer cations and may require more frequent applications of fertilizer than soils having a high cation-exchange capacity. The ability to retain cations reduces the hazard of ground-water pollution. Effective cation-exchange capacity refers to the sum of extractable cations plus aluminum expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. It is determined for soils that have pH of less than 5.5. Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity. It is important in selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in determining the risk of corrosion. Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of carbonates, by weight, in the fraction of the soil less than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant nutrients is influenced by the amount of carbonates in the soil. Gypsum is expressed as a percent, by weight, of hydrated calcium sulfates in the fraction of the soil less than 20 millimeters in size. Gypsum is partially soluble in water. Custom Soil Resource Report 82 Soils that have a high content of gypsum may collapse if the gypsum is removed by percolating water. Salinity is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at saturation. It is expressed as the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, in millimhos per centimeter at 25 degrees C. Estimates are based on field and laboratory measurements at representative sites of nonirrigated soils. The salinity of irrigated soils is affected by the quality of the irrigation water and by the frequency of water application. Hence, the salinity of soils in individual fields can differ greatly from the value given in the table. Salinity affects the suitability of a soil for crop production, the stability of soil if used as construction material, and the potential of the soil to corrode metal and concrete. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is a measure of the amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated soil paste. It is the ratio of the Na concentration divided by the square root of one-half of the Ca + Mg concentration. Soils that have SAR values of 13 or more may be characterized by an increased dispersion of organic matter and clay particles, reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity and aeration, and a general degradation of soil structure. Custom Soil Resource Report 83 Chemical Soil Properties– Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Map symbol and soil name Depth Cation- exchange capacity Effective cation- exchange capacity Soil reaction Calcium carbonate Gypsum Salinity Sodium adsorption ratio In meq/100g meq/100g pH Pct Pct mmhos/cm 34—Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Ildefonso 0-8 5.0-20 —7.4-8.4 5-15 0 0.0-2.0 0 8-60 5.0-15 —7.9-8.4 15-35 0 0.0-4.0 0 56—Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Potts 0-4 5.0-15 —7.4-7.8 0-2 0 0 0 4-28 10-20 —7.4-7.8 0-5 0 0 0 28-60 5.0-15 —7.9-9.0 5-15 0 0.0-2.0 0 58—Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Potts 0-4 5.0-15 —7.4-7.8 0-2 0 0 0 4-28 10-20 —7.4-7.8 0-5 0 0 0 28-60 5.0-15 —7.9-9.0 5-15 0 0.0-2.0 0 Ildefonso 0-8 5.0-20 —7.4-8.4 5-15 0 0.0-2.0 0 8-60 5.0-15 —7.9-8.4 15-35 0 0.0-4.0 0 66—Torriorthents-Camborthids- Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep 0-4 ——6.1-8.4 0-5 0 0.0-2.0 0 4-30 5.0-20 —6.1-8.4 0-5 0 0.0-2.0 0 30-34 ——————— Camborthids, steep 0-4 5.0-20 —6.1-8.4 5-10 0-2 0.0-2.0 0 4-30 5.0-20 —6.1-8.4 5-10 0-2 0.0-2.0 0 30-34 ——————— Rock outcrop, steep 0-60 —————0 — Custom Soil Resource Report 84 Chemical Soil Properties– Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Map symbol and soil name Depth Cation- exchange capacity Effective cation- exchange capacity Soil reaction Calcium carbonate Gypsum Salinity Sodium adsorption ratio In meq/100g meq/100g pH Pct Pct mmhos/cm 67—Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep 0-4 ——6.1-8.4 0-5 0 0.0-2.0 0 4-30 5.0-20 —6.1-8.4 0-5 0 0.0-2.0 0 30-34 ——————— Rock outcrop, steep 0-60 —————0 — Custom Soil Resource Report 85 Soil Physical Properties This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil physical properties. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit. Soil physical properties are measured or inferred from direct observations in the field or laboratory. Examples of soil physical properties include percent clay, organic matter, saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water capacity, and bulk density. Particle Size and Coarse Fragments This table shows estimates of particle size distribution and coarse fragment content of each soil in the survey area. The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and similar soils. Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated. Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil particle as measured by sedimentation, sieving, or micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as classes with specific effective diameter class limits. The broad classes are sand, silt, and clay, ranging from the larger to the smaller. Sand as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.05 millimeter to 2 millimeters in diameter. In this table, the estimated sand content of each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Silt as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.002 to 0.05 millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated silt content of each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated clay content of each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The content of sand, silt, and clay affects the physical behavior of a soil. Particle size is important for engineering and agronomic interpretations, for determination of soil hydrologic qualities, and for soil classification. The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They influence shrink- swell potential, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), plasticity, the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and earthmoving operations. Total fragments is the content of fragments of rock and other materials larger than 2 millimeters in diameter on volumetric basis of the whole soil. Fragments 2-74 mm refers to the content of coarse fragments in the 2 to 74 millimeter size fraction. Fragments 75-249 mm refers to the content of coarse fragments in teh 75 to 249 millimeter size fraction. Fragments 250-599 mm refers to the content of coarse fragments in the 250 to 599 millimeter size fraction. Custom Soil Resource Report 86 Fragments >=600 mm refers to the content of coarse fragments in the greater than or equal to 600 millimeter size fraction. Reference: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. (http://soils.usda.gov) Custom Soil Resource Report 87 Particle Size and Coarse Fragments– Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Map symbol and soil name Horizon Depth Sand Silt Clay Total fragments Fragments 2-74 mm Fragments 75-249 mm Fragments 250-599 mm Fragments >=600 mm In L-RV-H Pct L-RV-H Pct L-RV-H Pct RV Pct RV Pct RV Pct RV Pct RV Pct 34—Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Ildefonso H1 0-8 -42--38-15-20- 25 27 13 9 —5 H2 8-60 -42--38-15-20- 25 59 23 12 —24 56—Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Potts H1 0-4 -44--41-10-15- 20 ————— H2 4-28 -33--36-27-31- 34 ————— H3 28-60 -42--38-15-20- 25 ————— 58—Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Potts H1 0-4 -44--41-10-15- 20 ————— H2 4-28 -33--36-27-31- 34 ————— H3 28-60 -42--38-15-20- 25 ————— Ildefonso H1 0-8 -42--38-15-20- 25 27 13 9 —5 H2 8-60 -42--38-15-20- 25 59 23 12 —24 Custom Soil Resource Report 88 Particle Size and Coarse Fragments– Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Map symbol and soil name Horizon Depth Sand Silt Clay Total fragments Fragments 2-74 mm Fragments 75-249 mm Fragments 250-599 mm Fragments >=600 mm In L-RV-H Pct L-RV-H Pct L-RV-H Pct RV Pct RV Pct RV Pct RV Pct RV Pct 66—Torriorthents- Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep H1 0-4 ———————— H2 4-30 -61--19-5-20- 35 14 10 4 —— H3 30-34 ———————— Camborthids, steep H1 0-4 ——15-23- 30 0 0 0 —0 H2 4-30 -37--35-20-28- 35 9 7 2 —— H3 30-34 ———————— Rock outcrop, steep H1 0-60 ——0- 0- 0 ————— 67—Torriorthents- Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep H1 0-4 ———————— H2 4-30 -61--19-5-20- 35 14 10 4 —— H3 30-34 ———————— Rock outcrop, steep H1 0-60 ——0- 0- 0 ————— Custom Soil Resource Report 89 Physical Soil Properties This table shows estimates of some physical characteristics and features that affect soil behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in the survey area. The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and similar soils. Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated. Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil particle as measured by sedimentation, sieving, or micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as classes with specific effective diameter class limits. The broad classes are sand, silt, and clay, ranging from the larger to the smaller. Sand as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.05 millimeter to 2 millimeters in diameter. In this table, the estimated sand content of each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Silt as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.002 to 0.05 millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated silt content of each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated clay content of each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The content of sand, silt, and clay affects the physical behavior of a soil. Particle size is important for engineering and agronomic interpretations, for determination of soil hydrologic qualities, and for soil classification. The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They influence shrink- swell potential, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), plasticity, the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and earthmoving operations. Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at 1/3- or 1/10- bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension. Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105 degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to compute linear extensibility, shrink-swell potential, available water capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties. The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore space available for water and roots. Depending on soil texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can restrict water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic matter, and soil structure. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) refers to the ease with which pores in a saturated soil transmit water. The estimates in the table are expressed in terms of micrometers per second. They are based on soil characteristics observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is considered in the design of soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption fields. Custom Soil Resource Report 90 Available water capacity refers to the quantity of water that the soil is capable of storing for use by plants. The capacity for water storage is given in inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The capacity varies, depending on soil properties that affect retention of water. The most important properties are the content of organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in the design and management of irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water actually available to plants at any given time. Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the volume change between the water content of the clod at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the table as percent change for the whole soil. The amount and type of clay minerals in the soil influence volume change. Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell potential of soils. The shrink- swell potential is low if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3 percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9 percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and other structures and to plant roots. Special design commonly is needed. Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the soil at various stages of decomposition. In this table, the estimated content of organic matter is expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The content of organic matter in a soil can be maintained by returning crop residue to the soil. Organic matter has a positive effect on available water capacity, water infiltration, soil organism activity, and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for crops and soil organisms. Erosion factors are shown in the table as the K factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion by water. Factor K is one of six factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and Ksat. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. Other factors being equal, the higher the value, the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by water. Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the whole soil. The estimates are modified by the presence of rock fragments. Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fine-earth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in size. Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum average annual rate of soil erosion by wind and/or water that can occur without affecting crop productivity over a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year. Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that have similar properties affecting their susceptibility to wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to group 1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and those assigned to group 8 are the least susceptible. The groups are described in the "National Soil Survey Handbook." Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion, or the tons per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to wind erosion. Custom Soil Resource Report 91 There is a close correlation between wind erosion and the texture of the surface layer, the size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments, organic matter, and a calcareous reaction. Soil moisture and frozen soil layers also influence wind erosion. Reference: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. (http://soils.usda.gov) Custom Soil Resource Report 92 Physical Soil Properties– Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Map symbol and soil name Depth Sand Silt Clay Moist bulk density Saturated hydraulic conductivity Available water capacity Linear extensibility Organic matter Erosion factors Wind erodibility group Wind erodibility indexKwKfT In Pct Pct Pct g/cc micro m/sec In/In Pct Pct 34—Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Ildefonso 0-8 -42--38-15-20- 25 1.25-1.40 4.23-42.34 0.10-0.13 0.0-2.9 1.0-2.0 .15 .28 5 4L 86 8-60 -42--38-15-20- 25 1.25-1.40 4.23-42.34 0.07-0.09 0.0-2.9 0.5-1.0 .15 .37 56—Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Potts 0-4 -44--41-10-15- 20 1.25-1.40 4.23-42.34 0.14-0.17 0.0-2.9 1.0-2.0 .28 .28 5 4L 86 4-28 -33--36-27-31- 34 1.25-1.40 1.41-4.23 0.17-0.20 3.0-5.9 0.5-1.0 .24 .24 28-60 -42--38-15-20- 25 1.25-1.40 4.23-42.34 0.14-0.17 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .43 .43 58—Potts- Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Potts 0-4 -44--41-10-15- 20 1.25-1.40 4.23-42.34 0.14-0.17 0.0-2.9 1.0-2.0 .28 .28 5 4L 86 4-28 -33--36-27-31- 34 1.25-1.40 1.41-4.23 0.17-0.20 3.0-5.9 0.5-1.0 .24 .24 28-60 -42--38-15-20- 25 1.25-1.40 4.23-42.34 0.14-0.17 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .43 .43 Ildefonso 0-8 -42--38-15-20- 25 1.25-1.40 4.23-42.34 0.10-0.13 0.0-2.9 1.0-2.0 .15 .28 5 4L 86 8-60 -42--38-15-20- 25 1.25-1.40 4.23-42.34 0.07-0.09 0.0-2.9 0.5-1.0 .15 .37 Custom Soil Resource Report 93 Physical Soil Properties– Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Map symbol and soil name Depth Sand Silt Clay Moist bulk density Saturated hydraulic conductivity Available water capacity Linear extensibility Organic matter Erosion factors Wind erodibility group Wind erodibility indexKwKfT In Pct Pct Pct g/cc micro m/sec In/In Pct Pct 66— Torriorthents- Camborthids- Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep 0-4 ————1.40-42.00 0.04-0.18 —0.5-1.0 4-30 -61--19-5-20- 35 1.30-1.50 4.23-14.11 0.10-0.18 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .32 .32 30-34 ————0.42-1.41 ——— Camborthids, steep 0-4 ——15-23- 30 1.20-1.30 1.41-42.34 0.06-0.10 0.0-2.9 0.5-1.0 .15 .28 2 8 0 4-30 -37--35-20-28- 35 1.40-1.50 4.23-14.11 0.12-0.16 3.0-5.9 0.0-0.5 .28 .28 30-34 ————0.42-1.41 ——— Rock outcrop, steep 0-60 ——0- 0- 0 —0.00-1.40 0.00 ——8 0 67— Torriorthents- Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep 0-4 ————1.40-42.00 0.04-0.18 —0.5-1.0 4-30 -61--19-5-20- 35 1.30-1.50 4.23-14.11 0.10-0.18 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .32 .32 30-34 ————0.42-1.41 ——— Rock outcrop, steep 0-60 ——0- 0- 0 —0.00-1.40 0.00 ——8 0 Custom Soil Resource Report 94 Soil Qualities and Features This folder contains tabular reports that present various soil qualities and features. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit. Soil qualities are behavior and performance attributes that are not directly measured, but are inferred from observations of dynamic conditions and from soil properties. Example soil qualities include natural drainage, and frost action. Soil features are attributes that are not directly part of the soil. Example soil features include slope and depth to restrictive layer. These features can greatly impact the use and management of the soil. Soil Features This table gives estimates of various soil features. The estimates are used in land use planning that involves engineering considerations. A restrictive layer is a nearly continuous layer that has one or more physical, chemical, or thermal properties that significantly impede the movement of water and air through the soil or that restrict roots or otherwise provide an unfavorable root environment. Examples are bedrock, cemented layers, dense layers, and frozen layers. The table indicates the hardness and thickness of the restrictive layer, both of which significantly affect the ease of excavation. Depth to top is the vertical distance from the soil surface to the upper boundary of the restrictive layer. Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence generally results from either desiccation and shrinkage, or oxidation of organic material, or both, following drainage. Subsidence takes place gradually, usually over a period of several years. The table shows the expected initial subsidence, which usually is a result of drainage, and total subsidence, which results from a combination of factors. Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture, density, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), content of organic matter, and depth to the water table are the most important factors considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during thawing cause damage to pavements and other rigid structures. Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the soil. Special site examination and design may be needed if the combination of factors results in a severe hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel Custom Soil Resource Report 95 or concrete in installations that are entirely within one kind of soil or within one soil layer. For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation extract. For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is expressed as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture, acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation extract. Custom Soil Resource Report 96 Soil Features– Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Map symbol and soil name Restrictive Layer Subsidence Potential for frost action Risk of corrosion Kind Depth to top Thickness Hardness Initial Total Uncoated steel Concrete In In In In 34—Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Ildefonso ——0 —Low Moderate Low 56—Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Potts ——0 —Low High High 58—Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Potts ——0 —Low High High Ildefonso ——0 —Low Moderate Low 66—Torriorthents- Camborthids- Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep Lithic bedrock 4-30 —Indurated 0 —Low High Low Camborthids, steep Lithic bedrock 15-60 —Indurated 0 —Low High Low Rock outcrop, steep Paralithic bedrock 0 —Moderately cemented 0 —None 67—Torriorthents- Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep Lithic bedrock 4-30 —Indurated 0 —Low High Low Rock outcrop, steep Paralithic bedrock 0 —Moderately cemented 0 —None Custom Soil Resource Report 97 Water Features This folder contains tabular reports that present soil hydrology information. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit. Water Features include ponding frequency, flooding frequency, and depth to water table. Water Features This table gives estimates of various soil water features. The estimates are used in land use planning that involves engineering considerations. Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long- duration storms. The four hydrologic soil groups are: Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission. Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission. Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission. Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Surface runoff refers to the loss of water from an area by flow over the land surface. Surface runoff classes are based on slope, climate, and vegetative cover. The concept indicates relative runoff for very specific conditions. It is assumed that the surface of the soil is bare and that the retention of surface water resulting from irregularities in the ground surface is minimal. The classes are negligible, very low, low, medium, high, and very high. The months in the table indicate the portion of the year in which a water table, ponding, and/or flooding is most likely to be a concern. Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil. The water features table indicates, by month, depth to the top (upper limit) and base (lower limit) of the saturated zone in most years. Estimates of the upper and lower limits are based mainly on observations of the water table at selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone, namely Custom Soil Resource Report 98 grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts for less than a month is not considered a water table. Ponding is standing water in a closed depression. Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is removed only by percolation, transpiration, or evaporation. The table indicates surface water depth and the duration and frequency of ponding. Duration is expressed as very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days. Frequency is expressed as none, rare, occasional, and frequent. None means that ponding is not probable; rare that it is unlikely but possible under unusual weather conditions (the chance of ponding is nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year); occasional that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years (the chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year); and frequent that it occurs, on the average, more than once in 2 years (the chance of ponding is more than 50 percent in any year). Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes is considered ponding rather than flooding. Duration and frequency are estimated. Duration is expressed as extremely brief if 0.1 hour to 4 hours, very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days. Frequency is expressed as none, very rare, rare, occasional, frequent, and very frequent. None means that flooding is not probable; very rare that it is very unlikely but possible under extremely unusual weather conditions (the chance of flooding is less than 1 percent in any year); rare that it is unlikely but possible under unusual weather conditions (the chance of flooding is 1 to 5 percent in any year); occasional that it occurs infrequently under normal weather conditions (the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year); frequent that it is likely to occur often under normal weather conditions (the chance of flooding is more than 50 percent in any year but is less than 50 percent in all months in any year); and very frequent that it is likely to occur very often under normal weather conditions (the chance of flooding is more than 50 percent in all months of any year). The information is based on evidence in the soil profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic matter content with increasing depth; and little or no horizon development. Also considered are local information about the extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on the extent of flooding based on soil data is less specific than that provided by detailed engineering surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific flood frequency levels. Custom Soil Resource Report 99 Water Features– Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Map unit symbol and soil name Hydrologic group Surface runoff Month Water table Ponding Flooding Upper limit Lower limit Surface depth Duration Frequency Duration Frequency Ft Ft Ft 34—Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Ildefonso B Medium Jan-Dec ————None —— 56—Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Potts B High Jan-Dec ————None —— 58—Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Potts B High Jan-Dec ————None —— Ildefonso B Low Jan-Dec ————None —— 66—Torriorthents- Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep D High Jan-Dec ————None —— Camborthids, steep D High Jan-Dec ————None —— Rock outcrop, steep D Very high Jan-Dec ————None —— 67—Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep D High Jan-Dec ————None —— Rock outcrop, steep D Very high Jan-Dec ————None —— Custom Soil Resource Report 100 Water Management This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil interpretations related to water management. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit, limiting features and interpretive ratings. Water management interpretations are tools for evaluating the potential of the soil in the application of various water management practices. Example interpretations include pond reservoir area, embankments, dikes, levees, and excavated ponds. Ponds and Embankments This table gives information on the soil properties and site features that affect water management. The degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and aquifer-fed excavated ponds. The ratings are both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect these uses. Not limited indicates that the soil has features that are very favorable for the specified use. Good performance and very low maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has features that are moderately favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and moderate maintenance can be expected. Very limited indicates that the soil has one or more features that are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome without major soil reclamation, special design, or expensive installation procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance can be expected. Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact on the use (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00). Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The seepage potential is determined by the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) of the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the storage capacity of the reservoir area. Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet high, constructed to impound water or to protect land against overflow. Embankments that have zoned construction (core and shell) are not considered. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of material for embankment fill. The ratings apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed that soil layers will be uniformly mixed and compacted during construction. The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a depth even greater than the height of the embankment can affect performance and safety of the embankment. Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to determine these properties. Soil material in embankments must be resistant to seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or Custom Soil Resource Report 101 salts or sodium. A high water table affects the amount of usable material. It also affects trafficability. Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by depth to a permanent water table, Ksat of the aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the salinity of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of large stones affect the ease of excavation. Information in this table is intended for land use planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for planning site investigations prior to design and construction. The information, however, has limitations. For example, estimates and other data generally apply only to that part of the soil between the surface and a depth of 5 to 7 feet. Because of the map scale, small areas of different soils may be included within the mapped areas of a specific soil. The information is not site specific and does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in the design and construction of engineering works. Government ordinances and regulations that restrict certain land uses or impose specific design criteria were not considered in preparing the information in this table. Local ordinances and regulations should be considered in planning, in site selection, and in design. Report—Ponds and Embankments [Onsite investigation may be needed to validate the interpretations in this table and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the potential limitation. The table shows only the top five limitations for any given soil. The soil may have additional limitations] Ponds and Embankments– Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Map symbol and soil name Pct. of map unit Pond reservoir areas Embankments, dikes, and levees Aquifer-fed excavated ponds Rating class and limiting features Value Rating class and limiting features Value Rating class and limiting features Value 34—Ildefonso stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes Ildefonso 90 Very limited Very limited Very limited Slope 1.00 Large stones content 1.00 Depth to water 1.00 Seepage 1.00 56—Potts loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Potts 85 Very limited Very limited Very limited Slope 1.00 Piping 0.99 Depth to water 1.00 Seepage 1.00 Custom Soil Resource Report 102 Ponds and Embankments– Rifle Area, Colorado, Parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties Map symbol and soil name Pct. of map unit Pond reservoir areas Embankments, dikes, and levees Aquifer-fed excavated ponds Rating class and limiting features Value Rating class and limiting features Value Rating class and limiting features Value 58—Potts-Ildefonso complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes Potts 60 Very limited Very limited Very limited Slope 1.00 Piping 0.99 Depth to water 1.00 Seepage 1.00 Ildefonso 30 Very limited Very limited Very limited Slope 1.00 Large stones content 1.00 Depth to water 1.00 Seepage 1.00 66—Torriorthents- Camborthids-Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep 45 Very limited Very limited Very limited Slope 1.00 Thin layer 1.00 Depth to water 1.00 Depth to bedrock 1.00 Seepage 0.72 Camborthids, steep 20 Very limited Very limited Very limited Slope 1.00 Piping 0.99 Depth to water 1.00 Seepage 0.72 Thin layer 0.59 Depth to bedrock 0.59 Rock outcrop, steep 15 Very limited Not rated Not rated Slope 1.00 Depth to bedrock 1.00 67—Torriorthents- Rock outcrop complex, steep Torriorthents, steep 60 Very limited Very limited Very limited Slope 1.00 Thin layer 1.00 Depth to water 1.00 Depth to bedrock 1.00 Seepage 0.72 Rock outcrop, steep 25 Very limited Not rated Not rated Slope 1.00 Depth to bedrock 1.00 Custom Soil Resource Report 103 References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://soils.usda.gov/ Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.glti.nrcs.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://soils.usda.gov/ 104 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. Custom Soil Resource Report 105