HomeMy WebLinkAbout1.07A SWMPStormwater Management Plan
Grand River Gathering LLC
High Mesa Compressor Station
OA Project No. 012-0732
826 21 ½ Road | Grand Junction, CO 81505 | TEL 970.263.7800 | FAX 970.263.7456
0\oLSSON
ASSOCIATES
Grand River Gathering, LLC
Permit Area Permit Number
South Parachute COR_______
SWMP REVISIONS
Date Description Initials
10/27/11 Grand River Gathering acquired the sites covered under this SWMP.
Prepared by:
Olsson Associates
Grand Junction, CO
Volume 1
Master Stormwater Management Plan
South Parachute
COR
Grand River Gathering , LLC
October 2011
i October 2011
Contents
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.1 Site Specific Records ...................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 SWMP Administrator ....................................................................................................................... 1-2
2.0 Narrative Description of Master SWMP Permit Coverage Area ...................................................... 2-1
2.1 Sequence of Major Activities ........................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 Pipelines ............................................................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.2 Compressor Stations, Treatment Facilities, or Other Facilities. ....................................... 2-3
2.2 Area Estimates ................................................................................................................................ 2-4
2.3 Description of Existing Topography and Soils ................................................................................ 2-4
2.4 Description of Existing Vegetation .................................................................................................. 2-5
2.5 Identification of Potential Pollution Sources.................................................................................... 2-8
2.6 Allowable Sources of Non-Stormwater Discharge ......................................................................... 2-9
2.7 Receiving Water .............................................................................................................................. 2-9
2.8 Master SWMP Permit Area Map and Individual Stormwater Site Plans ..................................... 2-10
3.0 Best Management Practices (BMPs) ................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Erosion, Drainage, and Sediment Control BMPs ........................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Non-Stormwater Control BMPs ....................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2.1 Materials Delivery and Storage ......................................................................................... 3-2
3.2.2 Material Handling and Spill Prevention ............................................................................. 3-2
3.2.3 Vehicle Cleaning, Fueling, Maintenance, and Tracking Controls .................................... 3-2
3.2.4 Waste Management and Disposal .................................................................................... 3-3
3.2.5 Dewatering ......................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.3 Stormwater Manual of BMPs .......................................................................................................... 3-4
3.4 Phased BMP Implementation ......................................................................................................... 3-5
4.0 Interim Reclamation and Final Stabilization ...................................................................................... 4-1
5.0 Inspection and Maintenance ................................................................................................................ 5-1
5.1 Inspection Schedule ........................................................................................................................ 5-1
5.1.1 Minimum Inspection Schedule for active sites .................................................................. 5-1
5.1.2 Post-Storm Event Inspections at Temporarily Idle Sites .................................................. 5-1
5.1.3 Completed Sites ................................................................................................................ 5-1
5.1.4 Winter Conditions Inspections Exclusion .......................................................................... 5-2
5.2 Performing Inspections .................................................................................................................... 5-2
5.3 Maintenance .................................................................................................................................... 5-2
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5.4 Documenting Inspections and Maintenance .................................................................................. 5-3
6.0 Plan Revisions and Retention .............................................................................................................. 6-1
7.0 Inactivation Notice ................................................................................................................................. 7-1
8.0 Signature ................................................................................................................................................. 8-1
9.0 References .............................................................................................................................................. 9-1
List of Appendices
Appendix A Permit and/or Permit Application
Appendix B Revegetation Manual
Appendix C Soils Table
Appendix D Master SWMP Permit Area Map
Appendix E Stormwater Manual of Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Appendix F Oil and Gas Construction Field Permit Certification NOTICE OF AMENDMENT OF PERMIT
COVERAGE and/or Final Stabilization Certification
Appendix G Inspection and Maintenance Report Form
Appendix H Inactivation Form
1-1 October 2011
1.0 Introduction
This Master Stormwater Management Plan (Master SWMP) satisfies the Colorado Department of Public
Health and Environment (CDPHE) Water Quality Control Division (WQCD) General Permit No. COR-030000
issued on May 31, 2007 for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activities (the Stormwater
Construction Permit). Grand River Gathering, LLC (Grand River Gathering) has submitted a General Permit
Application to WQCD, a copy of which is provided as Appendix A.
This Master SWMP has been prepared in compliance with CDPHE WQCD, the Federal Clean Water Act
(CWA), and the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Permit (NPDES) regulations found in 40 CFR,
Part 122.26 for stormwater discharges.
The objectives of this Master SWMP are to:
1. Identify all potential sources of pollution which may reasonably be expected to affect the quality of
stormwater discharges associated with construction activity within this Master SWMP permit area at
each project site;
2. Describe the practices to be used to reduce the pollutants in stormwater discharges associated with
construction activity within this Master SWMP permit area at each project site (also known as Best
Management Practices (BMPs)); and ensure the practices are selected and described in accordance
with good engineering practices, including the installation, implementation and maintenance
requirements;
3. Be properly prepared and updated to ensure compliance with the terms and conditions of the
Stormwater Construction Permit;
4. Work hand in hand with the Site Specific Records, as described in the following section; and
5. Serve as an education tool and comprehensive reference/guide to stormwater management for
inspectors, surveyors, engineers, and Grand River Gathering employees and contractors.
Grand River Gathering’s construction activities are related to their Midstream Services (also referred to as Gas
Gathering). Midstream Services sites involve the construction of pipelines and compressor, treatment, and
other facilities. This Master SWMP is intended to address stormwater management for any and all of these
sites within this Master SWMP’s Permit Coverage Area.
1.1 Site Specific Records
While Volume 1 of the Master SWMP contains all of the general permit area information, Volume 2 of the
Master SWMP contains all of the Site Specific Records including all Individual Stormwater Site Plans (Site
Plans), as discussed in Section 2.8, and all Inspection and Maintenance Reports (discussed in Section 5.4).
These Site Specific Records contain information specific to each site (each compressor station, section of
pipeline, etc.), including information on areas of disturbance, ecosystems and vegetation, soil types, percent
pre-disturbance vegetation, etc. Any changes to the design of individual sites or the BMPs used at those sites
will be noted on the Site Plans as those changes occur, and kept with the Site Specific Records.
Volume 2 of the Master SWMP goes hand in hand with Volume 1 in keeping Grand River Gathering in
compliance with stormwater regulations. Volume 2 will be kept with Volume 1 during active construction and
site inspections to ensure accurate implementation, inspections, and maintenance of BMPs, as well as timely
revisions to the Site Specific Records, and both volumes will be readily available during any inspection.
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1.2 SWMP Administrator
The SWMP Administrator is responsible for the process of developing, implementing, maintaining, and revising
this SWMP as well as serving as the comprehensive point of contact for all aspects of the facility’s SWMP.
SWMP Administrator:
Mike Rose
Director – Engineering, Operations and Construction
Grand River Gathering
2128 Railroad Avenue
Suite 106
Rifle, CO 81650
2-1 October 2011
2.0 Narrative Description of Master SWMP Permit Coverage Area
Name of Permit Coverage Area: South Parachute Unit
Permit Number: COR-_______
Location of the Permit Coverage Area:
County: Garfield County, CO
City: near Parachute
Township/Section/Range: Township 7 and 8 S, Range 95 and 96 W, Sixth Principal Meridian.
Activities at the Permit Coverage Area will likely involve the construction of:
Pipelines
Compressor stations
The above construction activities are only typical and may vary once construction begins. Up-to-date
information on the construction of facilities, pipelines, etc. will be kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2
of the Master SWMP).
2.1 Sequence of Major Activities
Site specific scheduling, surface use agreements, and/or other constraints can and/or may dictate changes in
construction sequences. Significant sequence changes are addressed in the Site Specific Records (Volume 2
of the Master SWMP). Specific details on the construction and maintenance of BMPs mentioned below are
provided in the Stormwater Manual of Best Management Practices (BMP Manual) as discussed in Section 3.3.
2.1.1 Pipelines
Construction activities for pipelines are generally completed in the following sequence:
Preconstruction:
1. Surveys. Topographic, vegetation, wildlife and archeology, as dictated.
2. Mark Right-Of-Way. The construction right-of-way (ROW) will be marked prior to construction with
laths and/or flagging. Laths/flagging will be maintained throughout construction and will not be
removed until after reclamation activities have been completed.
3. Temporary BMPs. Grand River Gathering’s stormwater inspectors will determine locations to install
preconstruction temporary erosion control devices, per site specific BMP installation plans and as
necessary. Grand River Gathering’s contractor will maintain the erosion control structures as directed
by the stormwater inspectors throughout all phases of construction, or until permanent erosion control
measures are installed. Actual BMPs used for each site are shown on the Site Plans, which are kept
with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SW MP).
Construction:
4. Vegetation Clearing. If necessary, vegetation will be cleared and placed in a windrow at the edge of
the work area to be used later in reclamation activities, removed from the construction site, or
burned/chipped depending on landowner requirements. Details for windrows are provided within the
Stockpiling BMP of the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3).
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5. Topsoil Stripping. All ACCESSIBLE TOPSOIL (from the entire width of the right-of-way) will be
removed and temporarily stockpiled along the up-hill side of the right-of-way (if terrain grades will
allow) for later use in reclamation activities.
6. General Grading. For pipeline segments that occur in relatively rough terrain, general grading will be
conducted to create a safe and workable ground surface. This is generally done to form a relatively
level work surface on steep cross slopes and to reduce slopes in undulating terrain (arroyo and wash
crossings). The site location will be graded to provide suitable surfaces for vehicle traffic and/or
building sites, and may be graded to establish surface drainage patterns, such as berms or roadside
ditches as necessary.
7. Trench Excavation. The trench needed for pipeline installation is almost always off-set in the ROW.
The surveyors may indicate the location of the trench on their pipeline lateral. Generally, the trench will
be located in the first third of the ROW. The remaining two thirds of the ROW will be used for working
space. The trench depth and width will vary with the number of pipes to be installed and the pipe
diameter. Generally, a 4-foot deep trench will be excavated by track-mounted excavators. The ditch
will be excavated and sloped in accordance with OSHA specifications. The cover from top of pipe to
ground level will be a minimum of 36 inches. Where rock is encountered, tractor-mounted mechanical
rippers or rock trenching equipment may be used to facilitate excavation. The trench will be excavated
and subsoil material stockpiled within the confines of the approved right-of-way limits. Trench spoil will
be stored in a separate location from the previously segregated topsoil.
8. Pipe Installation. Pipe installation will include stringing, bending for horizontal or vertical angles in
the alignment, welding the pipe segments together, coating the joint areas to prevent corrosion, and
then lowering-in and padding.
9. Stringing. Pipe will be hauled by truck to the pipeline ROW. Each joint of pipe will be unloaded and
placed parallel to the ditch.
10. Bending. After the joints of pipe are strung along the ditch, individual joints of pipe may need to be
bent to accommodate horizontal and vertical changes in direction. Field bends will be made utilizing a
hydraulically operated bending machine. Where the deflection of a bend exceeds the allowable limits
for a field-bent pipe, factory (induction) bends will be installed.
11. Welding. After the pipe joints are bent, the pipe is lined up end-to-end and clamped into position. The
pipe is then welded in conformance with 49 CFR Part 192, Subpart E. “Welding of Steel Pipelines”
and API 1104, “Standard for Welding Pipelines and Related Facilities”.
12. Welding Inspection. Welds will be visually inspected by a qualified inspector. Any defects will be
repaired or cut out as required under the specified regulations and standards.
13. Coating. To prevent corrosion, the pipe will be externally coated with fusion bonded epoxy coating
prior to delivery. After welding, field joints will be coated with fusion bond epoxy coating, tape and
primer, or shrink sleeves. Before the pipe is lowered into the ditch, the pipeline coating will be visually
inspected and tested with an electronic detector, and any faults or scratches will be repaired.
14. Lowering-In and Padding. Once the pipe coating operation has been completed, a section of the
pipe will be lowered into the ditch. Side-boom tractors may be used to simultaneously lift the pipe,
position it over the ditch, and lower it in place. Inspection will be conducted to verify: that minimum
cover is provided; the trench bottom is free of rocks, debris, etc.; external pipe coating is not damaged;
and the pipe is properly fitted and installed into the ditch. Specialized padding machines will be used
to sift soil fines from the excavated subsoil to provide rock-free pipeline padding and bedding. In rocky
areas, padding material or a rock shield will be used to protect the pipe. Topsoil will not be used to pad
the pipe. At the completion of lowering-in and padding activities the contractor may install trench
breakers around the pipelines to minimize subsurface water flow. Details for trench breakers are
provided within the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3).
15. Backfilling. Backfilling will begin after a section of the pipe has been successfully placed in the ditch
and final inspection has been completed. Backfilling will be conducted using a bulldozer, rotary auger
backfill, padding machine or other suitable equipment. Backfilling the trench will use the subsoil
previously excavated from the trench. Backfill will be graded and compacted, where necessary for
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ground stability, by being tamped or walked in with a wheeled or track vehicle. Compaction will be
performed to the extent that there are no voids in the trench. Any excavated materials or materials
unfit for backfill will be utilized or properly disposed of in conformance with applicable laws or
regulations.
16. General Grading. If general grading was conducted to facilitate pipeline construction, these materials
will be replaced and graded to recreate the preconstruction topography.
Final Reclamation:
17. Cleanup. Cleanup activities will be initiated as soon as practicable after backfilling activities have
been completed. All construction-related debris will be removed and disposed of at an approved
disposal facility.
18. Subsoil and Topsoil Placement. Subsoil will be evenly re-contoured across the right-of-way to
pre-construction conditions. After the subsoil has been re-spread the contractor will spread the
previously segregated topsoil back across the right-of-way. The topsoil will be evenly spread to
original contours.
19. Vegetation. After any remaining topsoil is spread, the vegetative seed mix will be applied. The area
will be revegetated according to private landowner Surface Use Agreements and/or according to the
BLM/Forest Service reclamation requirements. Details for revegetation are provided within the BMP
Manual (discussed in Section 3.3) and the Revegetation Manual (provided as Appendix B).
20. Application of Erosion Stabilization. Depending on terrain (e.g. steep slopes and drainage
crossings) additional measures may be applied to increase stability of the reclaimed area. Possible
erosion stabilization methods are provided within the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3). Actual
locations and measures used are shown on the Site Plans, which are kept with the Site Specific
Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP).
2.1.2 Compressor Stations, Treatment Facilities, or Other Facilities.
Construction activities for compressor stations, treatment facilities, and other facilities are generally completed
in the following sequence:
Preconstruction:
1. Surveys. Topographic, vegetation, wildlife and archeology, as dictated.
2. Temporary BMP’s. Where physical access is available, installation of terminal perimeter and
temporary sediment controls, such as wattles, silt fence and/or other as necessary. Actual BMPs
used for each site are shown on the Site Plans, which are kept with the Site Specific Records
(Volume 2 of the Master SWMP).
Construction:
3. Vegetation Clearing. Vegetation will be cleared/grubbed and placed along the perimeter at the
terminal discharge edges/points in a windrow and/or dam beyond the edge of excavation and at any
run-on-protection discharge points, and/or chipped or other depending on landowner requirements.
4. Diversions and Retention Reservoirs. After vegetation clearing and prior to topsoil stockpiling,
diversion are to be placed for ROP to prevent the greater landscape from discharging onto the
planned disturbance. Temporary sediment control BMP’s shall be placed at the discharge points of
the ROP until permanent erosion controls can be installed along the entire length of the ROP.
Diversions are to be installed along the terminal discharge edge inside of the vegetation windrows
to convey site water/sediment to terminal discharge points where rough retention reservoirs are to
be installed. The retention reservoir outlets are to receive temporary sediment control BMP’s until
permanent retention reservoirs and erosion, drainage, and sediment BMP’s can be installed.
5. Topsoil Stripping/Conservation. All ACCESSIBLE TOPSOIL is to be removed from areas that are
to be excavated, covered in subsoils, or turned into stabilized unpaved surfaces. If initial topsoil
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stockpile areas are insufficient to accommodate the quantities of topsoil being generated, the excess
is to be placed at either end of the subsoil stockpile and segregated as much as possible. After major
earthwork, grading, and erosion/drainage/sediment controls are complete, any areas that can be
identified for immediate interim reclamation shall receive topsoil.
6. General Rough Grading. The site location will be graded to provide suitable surfaces for building
sites and vehicle traffic, and may be graded to establish surface drainage patterns, such as berms or
roadside ditches as necessary.
7. Excavation. Soil will be excavated to allow for the construction of foundations. Trenches will be
excavated for all underground piping and conduit. Excess soil will typically be used in general site
grading.
8. Foundation Construction. Foundations will be constructed to support facility buildings. Foundations
may consist of select backfill, concrete spread footings, piles, etc. Finished support elevations are to
be installed twelve to eighteen inches (12-18”) above finished grade or the lowest point of the facility.
9. Facility Construction. Buildings, tanks, processing equipment, etc. will be constructed. Utilities will
be installed.
Interim Reclamation:
10. Landscaping. If necessary, certain areas will be spread with topsoil and landscaped.
11. Gravel Surfacing. Areas used for access, parking, or materials staging will typically be gravel
surfaced.
12. Reclamation of Unused Areas. Areas not needed for facilities, roads, parking, or materials staging
will generally be reclaimed. Salvaged topsoil will be spread and the vegetative seed mix will be
applied.
13. Application of Erosion Stabilization. Depending on terrain (e.g. steep slopes and drainage
crossings) additional measures may be applied to increase stability of the reclaimed area. Possible
erosion stabilization methods are provided within the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3). Actual
locations and measures used are shown on the Site Plans, which are kept with the Site Specific
Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP).
Final Reclamation:
14. Reclamation of Closed Facilities. When facilities are no longer necessary, the buildings may be
demolished, according to approved procedures. All construction materials will be removed and the
newly disturbed areas will be reclaimed. Any remaining topsoil will be spread and the vegetative seed
mix will be applied. This may occur after termination of this permit and under the coverage of a new
construction permit.
2.2 Area Estimates
The Permit Coverage Area encompasses portions or all of 21 sections of surface land (approximately
10,245 acres, or 16 square miles) in Township 7 and 8 South, Range 95 and 96 West. The areas that are
currently disturbed and covered under this SWMP total approximately 24 acres. This disturbance area is
subject to change at any time as new sites are added, existing sites are expanded, or areas are reclaimed and
removed from permit coverage. The SWMP will be updated accordingly.
2.3 Description of Existing Topography and Soils
The Permit Coverage Area consists of relatively flat mesas and ridge crests, mountainsides and steep
canyons with areas of rock outcrop, and valley bottoms.
Elevations within the Permit Coverage Area range from approximately 5,600 feet above mean sea level (amsl)
above the Colorado River to 7,300 feet near the Southeast area of the South Parachute area. Soils
2-5 October 2011
surrounding the Permit Coverage Area are distributed according to the major soil forming factors including
climate (effective moisture and temperature), parent material, topographic position, and slope. The soils table
within Appendix C provides a summary of the soil types found within the Permit Coverage Area (including
permeability, available water capacity, surface runoff, erosion hazard, and others). Most of these soil types
are considered to possess moderate to very severe potential for water erosion.
2.4 Description of Existing Vegetation
The existing percent vegetative ground cover for each site within the Permit Coverage Area is estimated on
each inspection and maintenance report form (discussed in Section 5.4), which are kept with the Site Specific
Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP).
A description of the existing vegetation within each ecosystem (Mutel, 1992) is as follows:
1. Grasslands
a. Plains Grasslands. Plains grasslands are dominated by a mixture of blue grama (Chondrosum
gracile) and buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides). Interspersed are occasional shrubs and bright
flowered forbs, most of which are members of the pea and sunflower families. Taller grass
species cover 10 to 25 percent of the ground of little-grazed, moist sites. Most are perennial
bunch-grasses up to three feet tall. Needle-and-thread (Stipa comata), sand dropseed
(Sporobolus cryptandrus), side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), western wheatgrass
(Pascopyrum smithii), Junegrass (Koeleria macrantha), and red three-awn (Aristida purpurea) are
other common species. Common forbs consist of prickly pear (Opuntia polyacantha), pasture
sage (Artemisia frigida), and yucca (Yucca glauca).
b. Mountain Grasslands and Meadows. Natural wet meadows and fens are dominated by
moisture-loving species, primarily members of the sedge and rush families. Spike-rush
(Eleocharis palustris), sedges, Canadian reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis), and tufted
hairgrass (Deschampsia cespitosa) are common. Natural dry meadows are filled with members of
the grass family. Bunchgrasses dominate at low elevations. Needle-and-thread, mountain muhly
(Muhlenbergia montana), Junegrass, blue grama, and species of wheatgrass and bluegrass are
common. Successional meadows contain a combination of weedy, introduced plants and plants
typical of dry, rocky slopes, such as common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), golden banner
(Thermopsis divaricarpa), Colorado locoweed (Oxytropic sericea), mountain pussytoes
(Antennaria parvifolia), showy daisies (Erigeron speciosus), stonecrop (Sedum lanceolatum), and
some sedges (Carex ssp.). Mountain grasslands, where Thurber fescue (Festuca thurberi) and
mountain muhly were once the dominant grasses, are now largely dominated by blue grama,
Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa), foxtail barley (Critesion jubatum), and other species as a
result of grazing.
2. Riparian Ecosystems
a. Lowland Riparian Ecosystems. The lowland riparian ecosystem is dominated by the plains
cottonwood (Populus deltoidea ssp. occidentalis), the valley cottonwood (Populus deltoidea ssp.
wislizenii) and the peach-leaved willow (Salix amygdaloides). Common shrubs and herbaceous
plants include snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis), sandbar willow (Salix exigua), bulrush
(Schoenoplectus lacustris), broad-leaved cat-tail (Typha latifolia), prairie cord-grass (Spartina
pectinata), and western wheatgrass.
b. Mountain Riparian Ecosystems. The mountain riparian ecosystem is dominated by quaking
aspen (Populus tremuloides), lanceleaf cottonwood (Populus X acuminata), narrowleaf
cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), and Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens). Common shrubs
include alder (Alnus incana), river birch (Betula fontinalis), chokecherry (Padus virginiana),
common gooseberry (Ribes inerme), bush honeysuckle (Distegia involucrata), and mountain
maple (Acer glabrum). The lush riparian herbaceous understory includes forbs, grasses, sedges,
rushes, climbing vines, mosses, lichens, and liverworts. Weedy invaders are also common.
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3. Shrublands. Shrub communities include semidesert shrublands found in dry lowlands, sagebrush
shrublands that occupy a wide range of elevation from the Colorado Plateau to high mountain valleys,
and montane shrublands other than sagebrush, characteristic of foothills and mountain regions.
a. Semidesert Shrublands. Common shrubs include Great Basin big sagebrush (Seriphidium
tridentatum), greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus), rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus), four-winged
saltbush (Atriplex canescens), and shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia). Common grasses and forbs
include galletagrass (Hilaria jamesii), blue grama, alkali sacaton (Sporobolus airoides), nodding
eriogonum (Eriogonum cernuum), copper mallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea), and prince’s plume
(Stanleya pinnata).
b. Sagebrush Shrublands. Common shrubs include Great Basin big sagebrush, mountain big
sagebrush (Seriphidium vaseyanum), rabbitbrush, and serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia).
Common grasses and forbs include nodding eriogonum, copper mallow, and Indian Paintbrush
(Castilleja spp.).
c. Montane Shrublands. Common shrubs include mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus), Gamble
oak (Quercus gambelii), rabbitbrush, serviceberry, and skunkbrush (Rhus aromatica). Common
grasses and forbs include needle-and-thread, western wheatgrass, copper mallow, and Indian
Paintbrush.
4. Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands. Pinyon-juniper woodlands consist of scattered Utah juniper
interspersed with big sagebrush. Pinyon pine is a minor component. Several other shrub species
also occur in this community, including snowberry, bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), snakeweed
(Gutierrezia sarothrae), and serviceberry. In general, the sparse herbaceous layer consists of
graminoids such as cheatgrass (Anisantha tectorum), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), western
wheatgrass, Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides), and squirreltail (Elymus elymoides). Forbs
include Tracy’s thistle (Cirsium tracyi), mariposa lily (Calochortus nuttallii), western wallflower
(Erysimum capitatum), tapertip onion (Allium acuminatum), yarrow (Achillea lanulosa), stemless four-
nerve daisy (Tetraneuris acaulis), and sharpleaf twinpod (Physaria acutifolia). All of these are native
species, except for cheatgrass (an invasive, non-native annual species) and Kentucky bluegrass (a
widely naturalized non-native perennial species).
5. Montane Forests
a. Ponderosa Pine Forests. These forests are dominated by the ponderosa pine (Pinus
ponderosa) and the Rocky Mountain juniper (Savina scopulorum). Common shrubs and
herbaceous plants include the wax currant (Ribes cereum), blue grama, side-oats grama,
Junegrass, needle-and-thread, spike fescue (Leucopoa kingii), and sulphur flower (Eriogonum
umbellatum).
b. Douglas Fir Forests. These forests are dominated by the Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii).
Common shrubs and herbaceous plants include common juniper (Juniperus communis),
kinnikinnik (Arctostaphylos), mountain maple (Acer glabrum), mountain lover (Paxistima
myrsinites), heart-leaved arnica (Arnica cordifolia), and false Solomon’s seal (Maianthemum spp.)
c. Aspen forests. Quaking aspen generally occur on north-facing slopes, and along drainage
swales. The aspen forest generally has an understory of Wood’s rose (Rosa woodsii), Colorado
blue columbine (Aquilegia caerulea), showy daisy, Thurber fescue, white geranium (Geranium
richardsonii), common lupine (Lupinus argenteus), Fendler meadowrue (Thalictrum fendleri), and
American vetch (Vicia americana).
d. Lodgepole Pine Forests. These forests are dominated by the lodgepile pine (Pinus contorta).
Common shrubs and herbaceous plants include broom huckleberry (Vaccinium scoparium),
common juniper, kinnikinnik, sticky-laurel (Ceanothus velutinus), and heart-leaved arnica.
6. Subalpine Forests
a. Engelmann Spruce and Subalpine Fir. Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine
fir (Abies bifolia) trees are the dominant species in this type of forest, however lodgepole pine,
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aspen, and sedge-bluegrass have been known to invade in areas which have been severely
burned. Understory growth is patchy and consists primarily of dense, low-growing blueberry
(Vaccinium myrtillus) and broom huckleberry bushes. Moisture-loving shrubs and herbs such as
broad-leaved arnica (Arnica latifolia) and heart-leaved arnica, Jacob’s ladder (Polemonium
pulcherrimum), curled lousewort (Pedicularis racemosa), elk sedge (Carex geyeri), and lesser
wintergreen (Pyrola minor) are interspersed among the huckleberry.
b. Limber and Bristlecone Pine Woodlands. Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) and bristlecone pine
(Pinus aristata) trees are the only tree species that can invade this harsh ecosystem. Common
species among the sparse understory consist of common juniper, kinnikinnik, sticky-laurel,
Junegrass, stonecrop, Colorado locoweed, and whitlow-wort (Draba spp.). Lichens cover
exposed rock surfaces.
7. Alpine Tundra. Tundra vegetation consists of a low growth of shrubs, cushion plants, and small forbs
with brilliantly colored flowers, and of lush meadows of narrow-leaved sedges and grasses. These
plants cover gentle slopes and rock crevices filled with soil. Rock surfaces are partially covered with
more primitive plants – lichens and mosses. Shrubs consist of arctic willow (Salix arctica),
barrenground (Salix brachycarpa), planeleaf (Salix planifolia), and snow (Salix reticulate ssp. nivalis).
Common grasses are alpine bluegrass (Poa arctica), tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia cespitosa), and
kobresia (Kobresia myosuroides). The most common forbs are alpine avens (Acomastylis rossii),
American bistort (Bistorta bistortoides), marsh marigold (Psychrophila leptosepala), old-man-on-the-
mountain (Rydbergia grandiflora), moss pink (Silene acualis), rock selaginella (Selaginella densa), and
alpine sandwort (Lidia obtusiloba). All plant species are slow-growing perennials except for the rare
annual koenigia, a tiny member of the buckwheat family.
8. Urban Areas. Urban areas contain an increased density of human-created structures in comparison
to the areas surrounding it. Depending on the area, vegetation may account for anywhere between 20
and 70 percent of the total land cover, with the remaining portion being constructed materials. Types
of vegetation within urban areas may be any combination of the above ecosystems, and may include
areas of blue grass yards and parks.
9. Cropland. Cropland vegetation may consist of wheat, corn, soybeans, or a variety of many other
crops. Cropland may either lie fallow (bare of any crops) or contain crops at any stage of growth from
seedlings to mature plants.
Detailed Description of Existing Vegetation
The existing percent vegetative ground cover for each well pad, section of roadway/pipeline, etc. within the
Permit Coverage Area is estimated on each inspection and maintenance report form (discussed in
Section 5.4), which are kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). The majority of
the South Parachute Unit consists of pinyon-juniper woodlands. However, there is also a large area of big
sagebrush and a smaller area of greasewood fans/flats.
The vegetation within the South Parachute Unit consists of woodland hillsides dominated by Utah Juniper
(Juniperus osteosperma), with a few scattered pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) at higher elevations or north-facing
slopes. Drainages and ridge tops/mesas in the Unit (High Mesa) were dominated by Basin and Wyoming big
sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) and shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia).
Drainages in the southeast portion of the project area, as well as high-elevation hillsides, had dense groves of
scrub oak (Quercus gambelii) with understory species such as creeping hollygrape (Mahonia repens),
mountain pussytoes (Antennaria parvifolia), yarrow (Achellea millefolium), northern sweetvetch (Hedysarum
boreale), and sego lily (Calochortus nuttalli). Some patches of serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) and
mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus) were also found along drainage hillsides. The most common
understory species found within the sagebrush/greasewood flats included orange globemallow (Sphaeralcea
munroana), yellow and red prickly pear cactus (Opuntia polyacantha), cryptantha (Cryptantha glomerata), and
yucca (Yucca glauca).
2-8 October 2011
The entire South Parachute Unit has, to some extent, been affected by cheatgrass (downy brome) (Bromus
tectorum) (see Invasive, Non-Native Species). It is often associated with sagebrush communities and
disturbed areas, especially two-track roads. In the pinyon/juniper woodlands, this species may be found as the
understory.
Stressed by the recent drought, many pinyon pine trees in the Colorado Plateau have succumbed to an
engraver beetle (Ips confusus) infestation. However, in the South Parachute Unit, the scattered pinyon pine
trees have shown few signs of infestation.
2.5 Identification of Potential Pollution Sources
Potential sources of pollution are associated with all phases of the project from the start of construction though
interim reclamation and up until final stabilization has occurred. Final stabilization occurs when construction
activities have been completed and all disturbed areas have been either built on, paved, or a uniform
vegetative cover has been established with a density of at least 70 percent of pre-disturbance levels, or
equivalent permanent, physical erosion reduction methods have been employed.
The most common source of pollution during construction is sediment resulting from the erosion of recently
cleared and/or graded areas, such as cut/fill slopes and soil stockpiles. However, there may be many potential
pollution sources at any given site. The following types of conditions that might affect the potential for a
pollutant source to contribute pollutants to stormwater (CDPHE, 2007B) shall be evaluated:
The frequency of the activity (i.e., does it occur every day or just once a month? can it be scheduled to
occur only during dry weather?);
Characteristics of the area where the activity takes place (i.e., surface type (pavement, gravel,
vegetation, etc.), physical characteristics [site gradients, slope lengths, etc.]);
Ability of primary and secondary containment (fuel tanks, drum storage, etc.) at product storage and
loading/unloading facilities to prevent and contain spills and leaks;
Proximity of product storage and loading/unloading facilities to waterways or drainage facilities;
Concentration and toxicity of materials which may to be found in the site's stormwater runoff; and
Contamination of storage facilities/containment with stored materials (i.e., used oil drums or tanks
coated with spilled oil).
The following items are potential sources of pollutants at the South Parachute Unit. Each of the potential
sources of pollutants will be controlled using one or more of the following types of BMPs: Erosion Controls,
Drainage Controls, Sediment Controls or Non-Stormwater Controls. Descriptions and details for each of these
types of BMPs are provided in the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3). Actual BMPs used at each site are
shown on the Site Plans (discussed in Section 5.4).
Construction:
All Disturbed and Stored Soils: Erosion Controls, Drainage Controls, Sediment Controls.
Vehicle Tracking of Sediments: Sediment Controls, Non-Stormwater Controls.
Management of Contaminated Soils: Non-Stormwater Controls.
Loading and Unloading Operations: Non-Stormwater Controls.
Outdoor Storage Activities (Building Materials, Fertilizers, Chemicals, etc.): Non-Stormwater Controls.
Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance and Fueling: Non-Stormwater Controls.
Significant Dust or Particulate Generating Processes: Non-Stormwater Controls.
2-9 October 2011
Routine Maintenance Activities Involving Fertilizers, Pesticides, Detergents, Fuels, Solvents, Oils, etc.:
Non-Stormwater Controls.
On-Site W aste Management Practices (Waste Piles, Liquid W astes, Dumpsters, etc.):
Non-Stormwater Controls.
Concrete Truck/Equipment Washing, Including the Concrete Truck Chute and Associated Fixtures
and Equipment: Non-Stormwater Controls.
Dedicated Asphalt and Concrete Batch Plants: There will be no asphalt or concrete batch plants
located within the Permit Coverage Area of this SWMP.
Non-Industrial W aste Sources Such as W orker Trash and Portable Toilets: Non-Stormwater Controls.
Interim/Final Reclamation:
All Disturbed and Stored Soils: Erosion Controls, Drainage Controls, Sediment Controls.
Vehicle Tracking of Sediments: Sediment Controls, Non-Stormwater Controls.
Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance and Fueling: Non-Stormwater Controls.
Significant Dust or Particulate Generating Processes: Non-Stormwater Controls.
Non-Industrial W aste Sources such as W orker Trash and Portable Toilets: Non-Stormwater Controls.
2.6 Allowable Sources of Non-Stormwater Discharge
Allowable sources of non-stormwater discharge within the Permit Coverage Area include the following:
Uncontaminated Springs. Although there are several springs within the Permit Coverage Areas,
none of these springs are currently located in areas where soil disturbance will occur. If this changes
in the future, the controls used at any such location will be noted with the Site Specific Records.
Landscape Irrigation Return Flow. There are several locations where pipelines cross through
irrigated fields. These locations will be treated similarly to any water crossing with the use of an
appropriate control which will be noted in the Site Specific Records.
Construction Dewatering. Construction dewatering is described and discussed in Section 3.2.5.
Concrete Washout. Concrete washout is described and discussed in Section 3.2.4.
Emergency Fire Fighting Water. Water used to put out any type of fire is considered an allowable
source of non-stormwater discharge.
No other non-stormwater discharges are allowed under the Stormwater Construction Permit. Other types of
non-stormwater discharges must be addressed in a separate permit issued for that discharge.
2.7 Receiving Water
Runoff from disturbed areas during construction will be controlled and/or routed through the use of one or
more BMPs, as described later in this plan, prior to being discharged to receiving waters. However, it may be
expected that runoff from certain areas will infiltrate into the earth and is not expected to contribute to receiving
waters.
Runoff from the Permit Coverage Area will flow to the Colorado River directly or through one of the following
tributaries: Battlement Creek, Monument Gulch, Stone Quarry Gulch, Dry Creek, Pete and Bill Creek, or other
unnamed tributaries. All other drainages are ephemeral. No wetland habitats have been documented along
any drainages.
2-10 October 2011
2.8 Master SWMP Permit Area Map and Individual Stormwater Site Plans
An overall Master SWMP Permit Area Map is provided as Appendix D. This map is likely to change constantly
and will be updated at least annually. The Master SWMP Permit Area Map includes:
Contours and elevations (topography) with existing drainage patterns;
Locations and names of major surface waters such as streams, wetlands, irrigation ditches, canals,
etc.;
Master SWMP permit area boundaries;
Construction area locations (pipelines and other facilities currently under permit coverage)
Individual Stormwater Site Plans (Site Plans) of each site (section of pipeline, facility, etc.) are provided with
the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP). Separate Site Plans will be developed for each
phase of construction: preconstruction, construction, interim reclamation (if applicable), final stabilization (if
applicable) and final reclamation (if applicable). These Site Plans include:
Construction site boundaries (this is the area expected to be disturbed by clearing, excavating,
grading, or other construction activities);
Contours and elevations (topography) with existing and proposed drainage patterns;
All areas of ground surface disturbance, including areas of cut and fill;
Locations of all potential pollutant sources listed in Section 2.5 (including areas used for vehicle
fueling, the storage of materials, equipment, soil, or waste, etc…);
Locations of all minor surface waters and all anticipated allowable sources of non-stormwater
discharge (including springs, dewatering, concrete washout, etc…);
Locations of all existing and planned BMPs (including erosion, drainage, and sediment controls);
Locations, names, distances to streams, wetlands, irrigation ditches, canals, other surface waters, etc;
The size, type and location of any outfall(s). If the stormwater discharge is to a municipal separate
stormwater system, name that system, the location of the storm sewer discharge, and the ultimate
receiving water(s).
Figures showing typical BMP locations are provided as part of the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3).
3-1 October 2011
3.0 Best Management Practices (BMPs)
A key component of this Master SWMP is employing BMPs to improve stormwater quality. Local factors will
be evaluated to determine what BMPs are suitable and practical at different locations. BMPs will be employed
in different combinations during construction activities and phases as conditions warrant. Due to the fact that
this Master SWMP is likely to cover more than one ecosystem (as described in Section 2.4), the selection of
BMPs (including type, quantity, sequence/combination, etc.) will vary at each site within the Master SWMP
Permit Area. Specific BMPs to be employed at each site are identified on the Site Plans, which are kept with
the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP).
3.1 Erosion, Drainage, and Sediment Control BMPs
The primary method for controlling erosion, drainage, and sediment transport consists of minimizing initial
disturbance of the soil and ground cover. However, many other methods can also be used. All stormwater-
related BMPs will fall under at least one of the following three types of controls:
Erosion Control. Any source control practice that protects the soil surface and/or strengthens the
subsurface in order to prevent soil particles from being detached by rain or wind, thus controlling
raindrop, sheet, and/or rill erosion.
Runoff Control. Any practice that reduces or eliminates gully, channel, and stream erosion by
minimizing, diverting, or conveying runoff.
Sediment Control. Any practice that traps the soil particles after they have been detached and
moved by wind or water. Sediment control measures are usually passive systems that rely on
filtering or settling the particles out of the water or wind that is transporting them prior to leaving
the site boundary.
BMPs may also be classified as either structural or non-structural controls:
Structural Control. Handles sediment-laden stormwater prior to it leaving each site. Structural
BMPs are used to delay, capture, store, treat, or infiltrate stormwater runoff. Some examples of
structural BMPs include sediment traps, diversions, and silt fences. Most Runoff Controls and
Sediment Controls can also be classified as Structural Controls.
Non-structural Control. Reduces the generation and accumulation of pollutants, including sediment,
from a construction site by stabilizing disturbed areas and preventing the occurrence of erosion.
Some examples of non-structural BMPs include revegetation, mulching, and surface roughening.
These types of stabilization techniques are not only the most effective method for reducing soil loss,
but they are also normally the most cost effective due to low initial cost and reduced maintenance
requirements. Most, but not all, Erosion Controls can also be classified as Non-structural Controls.
The Site Plans, as mentioned previously and kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master
SWMP), show the proposed locations of all erosion, drainage, and sediment control BMPs (both structural and
non-structural). Detailed descriptions, design criteria, construction specifications, and maintenance
information for all BMPs are provided in the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3).
3.2 Non-Stormwater Control BMPs
Non-stormwater controls include general site and materials management measures that indirectly aid in the
minimization of water pollution. Types of pollution sources include, but are not limited to, litter, oil and grease,
hazardous material spills, and sediment.
3-2 October 2011
3.2.1 Materials Delivery and Storage
The good housekeeping practices listed below will be followed on site during construction and operation:
An effort will be made to store only enough product required for task completion.
All materials stored on site will be stored in a neat and orderly manner in appropriate containers and,
where possible, under a roof or other enclosure, and/or within secondary containment areas to avoid
contact with stormwater.
Products will be kept in their original containers with the original manufacturer's label.
Substances will not be mixed with one another unless recommended by the manufacturer.
Whenever possible, all of the product will be used before disposing of the container.
Manufacturer’s recommendations for proper use and disposal will be followed.
Additional information on material delivery and storage is available in the BMP Manual (discussed in
Section 3.3).
3.2.2 Material Handling and Spill Prevention
In addition to the material storage practices (listed in the previous section) that will be used to reduce the risk
of spills or other accidental exposure of materials and substance, the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3)
will provide more detailed information on spill prevention and control. Furthermore, any applicable Spill
Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plans will be followed for the control of hydrocarbons. In
general, spill prevention and response procedures will include notification (CDPHE 24-hour spill reporting line
– 877-518-5608), clean-up with the use of spill kits and absorbents, and ensuring that materials and wash
water cannot discharge from the site, and never into a storm drain system or stream.
3.2.3 Vehicle Cleaning, Fueling, Maintenance, and Tracking Controls
Contracting companies and/or vendors are required to service all vehicles and equipment prior to entering
Grand River Gathering facilities. However, in the event maintenance procedures are required at Grand River
Gathering facilities, all fluids transferred must utilize secondary containment and drip pans to minimize a
release of materials and properly dispose or recycle spent materials in compliance with local, state, and
federal guidelines.
While on site, equipment will be parked, serviced, and fueled within designated areas. Equipment fueling on
pipeline rights-of-way will be mobile during active construction. Periodic inspections of equipment and control
procedures will be implemented. Selected equipment may be fueled in place using fuel trucks. When
necessary, equipment and machinery will be decontaminated at an on-site decontamination area prior to
removal from the construction area. Areas will be provided with adequate waste disposal receptacles for liquid
as well as solid waste.
Vehicle tracking of sediments is not expected to be a problem due to construction scheduling. Construction
vehicles will remain on site throughout earth-moving activities. All other vehicles remain in stabilized areas
and do not enter the construction area until that area is stabilized. However, applicable BMPs (such as
scheduling (to minimize site access), stabilized construction entrances, vehicle cleaning, etc.) will be utilized if
sediment tracking does become a problem.
In addition to the typical practices listed above, the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3) provides more
detailed information on vehicle cleaning, fueling, maintenance, and tracking controls.
3-3 October 2011
3.2.4 Waste Management and Disposal
Contracting companies and/or vendors are required to manage all waste generated by their activities at Grand
River Gathering facilities in compliance with local, state, and federal guidelines. Grand River Gathering, LLC
utilizes a periodic inspection program to ensure waste management requirements are fulfilled and inspections
are documented.
A few of the waste management procedures that will be followed include the following:
Proper bins will be provided for trash collection and disposal in compliance with local, state, and
federal guidelines.
Contaminated soils will be placed into a lined and bermed area. Samples of the impacted soil will be
collected and a complete characterization analysis will be performed. When applicable, the impacted
soil will be sent to a licensed disposal facility.
The contractor will provide portable toilets. Sanitary waste will be regularly collected by a licensed
sanitary waste management contractor and disposed of in an approved manner.
In the event that sediment is inadvertently transported off the construction site, it will be collected and
returned to the site and placed on the soil stockpile or spread over the construction pad area and
compacted.
The need for concrete washout areas in the Grand River Gathering System is not anticipated. If the need
arises, the concrete washout water can NOT be discharged to surface waters or to storm sewer systems
without separate permit coverage. However, discharge to the ground of concrete washout water from washing
of tools and concrete mixer chutes may be authorized by this permit, provided that (CDPHE, 2007a):
1. The source is identified in the SWMP;
2. BMPs are included in the SWMP to prevent pollution of groundwater; and
3. These discharges do not leave the site as surface runoff or to surface waters.
Locations where concrete washout activities take place would be shown on the Site Plans.
Additional waste management procedures, including solid waste, hazardous waste, contaminated soil,
concrete washout, and septic and sanitary waste, are included in the BMP Manual (discussed in Section 3.3).
3.2.5 Dewatering
Dewatering refers to the mechanical removal of water from an excavation or other structure. Both
groundwater and stormwater may require dewatering during construction. Dewatering of pipelines at the
completion of hydrostatic testing will be required for most pipeline installations.
3.2.5.1 Groundwater Dewatering
Groundwater is very rarely encountered during the construction activities associated with Midstream Services
sites. If groundwater is encountered, it is typically during construction of a pipeline across a stream crossing.
These pipelines are either bored under the stream or a flume is utilized.
Non-stormwater construction dewatering of groundwater can NOT be discharged to surface waters or to storm
sewer systems without separate permit coverage. However, discharges to the ground of water from
construction dewatering activities may be authorized by this permit, provided that (CDPHE, 2007a):
3-4 October 2011
1. The source is groundwater and/or groundwater combined with stormwater that does not contain
pollutants in concentrations exceeding the State groundwater standards in Regulations 5 CCR
1002-41 and 42;
2. The source is identified in the SWMP;
3. BMPs are included in the SWMP; and
4. These discharges do not leave the site as surface runoff or to surface waters.
Dewatered groundwater shall be pumped or diverted to a sediment control BMP prior to discharge to the
ground. Locations of groundwater dewatering, as well as any BMPs utilized, will be noted on the Site Plans as
soon as such dewatering occurs. Additional information on groundwater dewatering is provided in the BMP
Manual, discussed in Section 3.3.
3.2.5.2 Stormwater Dewatering
The discharge of pumped stormwater (not including groundwater or other non-stormwater sources) from
excavations, ponds, depressions, etc., to surface water, or to a municipal separate storm-sewer system is
allowed by the Stormwater Construction Permit, as long as the dewatering activity and associated BMPs are
identified in the SWMP (including location of the activity), and BMPs are implemented in accordance with the
BMP Manual, discussed in Section 3.3 (CDPHE, 2007c).
Stormwater that collects in open depressions or trenches during construction activities will be dewatered into
an existing sediment control, such as a detention pond, a sediment trap, or simply into a well-vegetated area to
percolate into the ground and catch suspended sediment. The quality, source, and location of dewatering, as
well as any BMPs utilized, will be noted on the Site Plans as soon as such dewatering occurs. Additional
information on stormwater dewatering is provided in the BMP Manual, discussed in Section 3.3.
3.2.5.3 Pipeline Dewatering
New Department of Transportation (DOT) pipelines are hydrostatically tested with water upon completion of
construction. Once the hydrostatic testing has been completed, dewatering of the pipeline must occur. This
will involve the insertion of a displacer, commonly referred to as a pig, in the pipeline. The discharge rate will
be regulated, and energy dissipation devices, and/or sediment controls will be used, as necessary, to prevent
erosion, streambed scour, suspension of sediments, or excessive streamflow. Locations on pipeline
dewatering, as well as any BMPs utilized, will be noted on the Site Plans as soon as such dewatering occurs.
Additional information on stormwater dewatering is provided in the BMP Manual, discussed in Section 3.3.
3.3 Stormwater Manual of BMPs
A Stormwater Manual of Best Management Practices (BMP Manual) is provided as Appendix E. The BMP
Manual has been prepared to provide Grand River Gathering personnel, contractors, and subcontractors with
information on the proper selection, design, installation, and maintenance of BMPs to manage oil and gas
related stormwater and to meet federal and state SWMP implementation requirements. The main objectives
of the BMP manual are to:
Serve as an easy-to-use guide for selecting, designing, installing, and maintaining BMPs.
Function as a reference for construction plans and specifications.
Ultimately lead to the avoidance of any net increase in off-site erosion and sedimentation of waters of
the U.S.
The BMPs within this BMP Manual are organized into four main types of controls for easy reference: Erosion
Controls, Runoff Controls, Sediment Controls, and Non-stormwater Controls. Each of these types of controls
has been discussed earlier in this section of the SWMP.
3-5 October 2011
3.4 Phased BMP Implementation
Various BMPs will be implemented and maintained during different phases of the project. A description of
each phase is as follows:
Preconstruction. The preconstruction phase involves the installation of BMPs (temporary and/or
permanent) around each site perimeter and at discharge points (such as vegetation buffers (no
installation required for this BMP), slash, wattles, diversions, sediment basins and reservoirs, etc…).
Construction. The construction phase involves the stripping and stockpiling of topsoil, the excavation
and backfill, and the installation of additional BMPs (preferably permanent BMPs) to control erosion
and sedimentation (such as tracking topsoil piles and the installation of roadside channels, culverts,
diversions, etc…).
Interim Reclamation. The interim reclamation phase primarily involves seeding of all disturbed areas
not needed during operation of the wells. However, this phase also involves the installation of any
additional permanent BMPs that may be needed, as well as the continued maintenance and
inspections of all BMPs until final stabilization occurs. Final stabilization occurs once all surfaces are
built on, paved or graveled, and/or a uniform stabilized vegetative cover with a density of 70 percent of
pre-disturbance levels has been established or when an equivalent permanent, physical erosion
reduction method has been employed. A further explanation of final stabilization is provided as
section 4 of this plan.
Final Reclamation. For pipelines, this phase involves seeding of all disturbed areas, and the
installation of any additional permanent BMPs that may be needed, as well as the continued
maintenance and inspections of all BMPs until final stabilization occurs. For other areas (facilities,
etc.), this phase (which may occur after termination of this permit and under the coverage of a new
construction permit) occurs when operation of the area is no longer necessary. In these cases, this
phase will include the installation of any additional BMPs required during facility decommissioning as
well as the spreading of any remaining topsoil, the application of seed, and the
inspection/maintenance of all BMPs until final stabilization occurs.
Temporary controls, such as silt fencing, may be used to control sediment and erosion during preconstruction
and construction activities. Permanent controls, such as diversions and sediment traps, may also be used
during the initial phases of the project. However, only permanent controls will be used during interim
reclamation and final stabilization. Temporary controls may be converted into permanent controls (such as
revegetating a diversion) if needed. The primary control used during interim and final stabilization will be
revegetation. Seeding will occur as soon as possible after disturbance of an area is complete. If the seeding
is not successful, the area will either be reseeded or other controls will be put in place until reseeding can
occur.
4-1 October 2011
4.0 Interim Reclamation and Final Stabilization
As soon as practicable after construction activities have been completed in a disturbed area, interim (for
facilities) or final (for roads and pipelines) reclamation will be started to prevent further erosion of soil from that
area. This typically occurs immediately upon completion of earthwork activities. All disturbed areas (except for
the surface of dirt roads, those portions covered by pavement or a structure, and those areas used during
operation of a well) will be stabilized with permanent controls. The most common measure used to achieve
final stabilization is revegetation. Mulching, erosion control blankets, surfacing with gravel or slash, and/or
other methods may also be used. Structural controls (such as diversions, berms, and sediment traps) may be
revegetated and used as permanent measures to control pollutants in stormwater discharges that will occur
after construction operations have been completed. Appendix E includes detailed information on each of the
previously discussed BMPs. In addition, a revegetation manual is provided as Appendix B, which provides
guidance as to possible methods and materials needed to accomplish revegetation on differing site conditions.
The specific BMPs used at each site are shown on the Site Plans which are kept with the Site Specific
Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP).
Final stabilization means that all ground surface disturbing activities at the site have been completed, and all
disturbed areas have been either built on, paved, or a uniform vegetative cover has been established with an
individual plant density of at least 70 percent of pre-disturbance levels, or equivalent permanent, physical
erosion reduction methods have been employed. For purposes of this permit, establishment of a vegetative
cover capable of providing erosion control equivalent to pre-existing conditions at the site will be considered
final stabilization. Areas developed as stabilized unpaved surfaces as needed for operation of the facility after
interim reclamation, will also qualify as “finally stabilized.” This includes dirt road surfaces and the portions of
the facility surfaces that cannot be revegetated due to operational necessity, but does not include slopes,
ditches, and other areas where revegetation is necessary. Stabilized unpaved surfaces will be prepared in
such a way as to prevent ongoing erosion issues.
Coverage under the Stormwater Construction Permit may be inactivated for any individual site or a
portion/section of that site when the area has attained final stabilization and all temporary erosion and
sediment control measures associated with that area have been removed. An area will be considered finally
stabilized when construction and interim reclamation is complete and when the above final stabilization criteria
have been met, even though the site may be disturbed again in the future for final reclamation. However,
future land disturbances that follow final stabilization and result in disturbance of one acre or greater (such as
final reclamation) will require new permit coverage at that time.
Upon final stabilization of any site or portion/section of a site, Oil and Gas Construction Field Permit
Certification NOTICE OF AMENDMENT OF PERMIT COVERAGE and/or Final Stabilization Certification
(provided in Appendix F) will be placed into the Site Specific Records binder to replace the Site Plans and the
inspection and maintenance records for that area. However, the Site Plans and inspection reports shall be
retained in a separate location for a period of three years following final stabilization of the Permit Coverage
Area. These documents will be made available to WQCD or EPA upon request and at the time of inspection.
5-1 October 2011
5.0 Inspection and Maintenance
Inspections and maintenance is an extremely important part of the Stormwater Construction Permit.
The Construction Manager will ensure that all stormwater management controls are constructed or applied in
accordance with governing specifications or good engineering practices. Experienced teams will be used for
construction. A first inspection will occur upon installation of the controls. In addition, all workers on the site
will be trained as to the location and use of the controls, especially those controls that will be disturbed as
construction proceeds across the site. The goal is to minimize the potential for inadvertent removal or
disturbance of BMPs and to prevent the off-site transport of sediment and other pollutants.
5.1 Inspection Schedule
Inspections are required as soon as the first soil disturbance occurs at the site. Once final stabilization of the
site has occurred and the Grand River Gathering inspector has filled out the final stabilization certification
sheet (see Section 4), inspections are no longer necessary. Specific information regarding inspection
schedules are provided in the following sections.
5.1.1 Minimum Inspection Schedule for active sites
The minimum inspection schedule applies to those sites under active construction, which includes the period
from when the ground is initially disturbed to when construction activity is completed, and also includes the
preparation of areas that will be revegetated for interim reclamation. During the Active Site period, a thorough
inspection of the site stormwater management system (which includes all utilized BMPs) must be conducted at
least every 14 calendar days. Also, post-storm event inspections must be conducted within 24 hours after the
end of any precipitation or snowmelt event that causes surface erosion.
There are three exceptions to the minimum inspection schedule which are described in detail within the next
three sections: post-storm event inspections at temporarily idle sites (inspections required within 72 hours after
a storm), inspections at completed sites (inspections required monthly), and inspections during certain winter
conditions (inspections may not be required). Any use of an exception is temporary, and does not eliminate
the requirement to perform routine maintenance due to the effects of a storm event or other conditions that
may impact BMP performance, including maintaining vehicle tracking controls and removing sediment from
impervious areas. Inspections, as described above, are required at all other times.
5.1.2 Post-Storm Event Inspections at Temporarily Idle Sites
Temporarily idle sites are those where there are no construction activities occurring following a storm event.
At such sites, post-storm event inspections must be conducted prior to restarting construction activities at the
site, but no later than 72 hours following the storm event, and the delay noted in the inspection report. Routine
inspections still must be conducted at least every 14 calendar days.
5.1.3 Completed Sites
Once construction is completed and the site has been prepared for interim or final stabilization (including
completion of appropriate soil preparation, amendments and stabilization practices), the site (or portion of the
site) is considered a Completed Site (for purposes of the stormwater permit). Note: only construction activities
that result in a disturbance of the ground surface must be completed. Construction activities that can be
conducted without disturbance of the ground surface, such as certain well completion activities, would not
prohibit a site from otherwise qualifying as a Completed Site. (Completed Sites still require permit coverage
until the final stabilization criteria have been met)
Completed Sites qualify for a reduced inspection schedule, as the potential for pollution is reduced if the site
has been adequately prepared and/or seeded. However, because slopes and other disturbed areas may not
5-2 October 2011
be fully vegetated, erosion in these areas still occurs which requires maintenance activities such as regrading
and seeding of problem areas. As such, inspections must continue in order to address these situations.
During the Completed Site period, a thorough inspection of the site stormwater management system (which
included all utilized BMPs) is required at least once every month. The SWMP must be amended to indicate
those areas that will be inspected at this reduced frequency.
5.1.4 Winter Conditions Inspections Exclusion
Inspections are not required at sites where construction activities are temporarily halted, snow cover exists
over the entire site for an extended period, and melting conditions posing a risk of soil erosion do not exist.
This temporary exclusion is applicable only during the period where melting conditions do not exist, and
applies to the routine 14-day and monthly inspections, as well as the post-storm-event inspections. It is typical
that when snow cover exists, even at a Completed Site, significant potential for erosion and BMP failure exists
when melting does finally occur. Therefore, the site should prepared prior to snow cover to ensure it is as
stabilized as possible, and be prepared to perform site maintenance when melt-off occurs, to alleviate any
potential problems. Inspection records (see Section 5.4) will document that winter conditions exist and that
inspections will be excluded.
5.2 Performing Inspections
Inspections will be conducted by qualified personnel on the following areas:
All vegetated areas until 70% of pre-disturbance vegetation levels are reached.
All BMP measures identified in this document.
Construction site perimeter and discharge points.
All disturbed areas.
Areas used for storage of material/waste that are exposed to precipitation.
Other areas determined to have a significant potential for stormwater pollution, such as demolition
areas or concrete washout locations, or locations where vehicles enter or exit the site.
These areas will be inspected to determine if there is evidence of, or the potential for, pollutants leaving the
construction site boundaries, entering the stormwater drainage system, or discharging to state waters. All
BMPs will be evaluated to determine if they still meet the design and operational criteria in the SWMP and if
they continue to adequately control pollutants at the site. Any BMPs not operating in accordance with
Appendix E of this SWMP will be addressed as soon as possible, immediately in most cases, to minimize the
discharge of pollutants, and the Site Specific Records will be updated.
5.3 Maintenance
Maintenance activities will ensure that all control measures are functioning at optimum levels and that all
procedures and techniques will be in proper working order during a runoff event or spill condition. Any
maintenance, repairs, or replacements deemed necessary after required inspections will be corrected as soon
as possible (if not immediately), to minimize the discharge of pollutants. Certain maintenance procedures may
take a short period of time to make sure that all the proper safety precautions are in place, such as a “one call”
for utilities, if the maintenance involves excavation of sediment located above a buried pipeline.
Maintenance will include, but is not limited to:
Pickup or otherwise prevention of litter, construction debris, and construction chemicals from
becoming a pollutant source prior to anticipated storm events.
Removal of sediment from silt fences, sediment traps, and other sediment controls.
5-3 October 2011
Reseeding of any bare spots where vegetation has failed to establish.
Repairs and/or adjustments to any erosion and sediment control that is deteriorating or found to be
performing inadequately.
Detailed maintenance requirements for each BMP are identified in Appendix E.
When maintenance is required, the following process will typically be followed:
1. Perform inspections according to the minimum inspection schedule discussed in Section 5.1.
2. Note the need for maintenance on the inspection and maintenance report form.
3. If necessary, collect the additional materials and/or resources needed to perform the maintenance
activity.
4. Perform maintenance and note the date performed on the inspection and maintenance report form.
5. Re-inspect the area to ensure compliance.
5.4 Documenting Inspections and Maintenance
The permittee must document inspection results, maintenance activities, and maintain a record of the results
for a period of 3 years following expiration or inactivation of permit coverage. A typical inspection and
maintenance report form is provided in Appendix G. Although the site may have a phased construction
schedule, all construction areas may be inspected at the same time and on one form. Each pipeline, facility,
etc. which is inspected shall be clearly written on the inspection form. Inspection reports will include the
following:
Date of inspection, name of inspector, and title of inspector
The area inspected (Site ID), type of area (pipeline, facility, etc.), phase of construction
(preconstruction, construction, etc.), and type of inspection (active, completed, etc.)
Site specific information including disturbed area, soil type(s), ecosystem/vegetation type(s), receiving
waters, etc.
Vegetation observations including the percent pre-disturbance vegetation and whether or not
vegetation growth has reached 70% of pre-disturbance levels
Specific inspection requirements (all BMPs and areas of potential pollutant sources)
Observed conditions including:
Location(s) of discharges of sediment or other pollutants from the site
Location(s) of BMPs that need to be maintained
Location(s) of BMPs that failed to operate as designed or proved inadequate for a particular
location
Location(s) where additional BMPs are needed that were not in place at the time of inspection
Description and date(s) of corrective action(s) taken, and measures taken to prevent future violations
Changes necessary to the SWMP
A hand drawn Site Plan shall be included, if necessary, to show the location(s) of any observed condition (as
listed above).
5-4 October 2011
After adequate corrective action(s) has been taken and recorded, or where a report does not identify any
incidents requiring corrective action, the report will contain a signed statement indicating the site is in
compliance with the permit to the best of the signer’s knowledge and belief.
All completed inspection and maintenance report forms (a blank copy of which is included in Appendix G) are
kept with the Site Specific Records (Volume 2 of the Master SWMP).
6-1 October 2011
6.0 Plan Revisions and Retention
When BMPs or site conditions change, the Master SWMP (Volume 1) and/or the Site Specific Records
(Volume 2) will be amended to accurately reflect the actual field conditions. Examples include, but are not
limited to, removal of BMPs, identification of new potential pollutant sources, addition of BMPs, modification of
BMP installation/implementation specifications or maintenance procedures, and changes in items included in
the Site Plans. Changes to the Master SWMP (Volume 1) shall be noted on the SWMP Revisions log at the
front of this plan. Changes to individual site conditions will be noted in the Site Specific Records (Volume 2) on
the applicable inspection and maintenance report form. When possible, changes in Volume 1 and Volume 2
shall be made prior to actual changes in the site conditions. Responsive SWMP changes shall be made
immediately after changes are made in the field or as soon as practical, but in no case more than 72 hours
after the change(s) in BMP installation and/or implementation occur at the site that require development of
materials to modify the SWMP. At a minimum, the Master SWMP will be updated annually.
The Master SWMP and the Site Specific Records will be retained at a Grand River Gathering field location, as
soon as one becomes available, during active construction and site inspections to ensure accurate
implementation and maintenance of BMPs, and required revisions. Until a field location is available, Volume 1
and Volume 2 of the SWMP will be in the possession of the SWMP Administrator. These documents will be
retained for a period of three years following final stabilization of the Permit Coverage Area. These reports will
be made available to WQCD or EPA upon request and at the time of inspection.
7-1 October 2011
7.0 Inactivation Notice
When all disturbed areas associated with the Stormwater Construction Permit have reached “final stabilization"
(as described in Section 4), all temporary erosion and sediment control measures have been removed, and all
components of the SWMP are complete, the area no longer requires coverage under the permit terms. At that
time, Grand River Gathering will submit an Inactivation Notice that closes this permit to the WQCD upon final
stabilization of all areas covered by the permit. A blank copy of this form is included in Appendix H of this
document.
Upon receipt of the Inactivation Notice, the WQCD will provide written confirmation that coverage under this
permit has been terminated. This historical documentation will be maintained by Grand River Gathering for a
period of at least three years following termination of permit coverage.
8.0 Signature
The signature page will not be signed unless the SWMP is requested by an agency as a legal document. At
that time, the supervisor will review the most updated version of the SWMP and sign it before submitting to an
agency.
"I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supe!Vision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gai!Jered and
evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system,
or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, is tme, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for
submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment or knowing violations."
Title
L l {:!:> I II
Date I t
8-1 October 2011
9-1 October 2011
9.0 References
CDPHE, 2007a. CDPS General Permit, Authorization to Discharge under the Colorado Discharge Permit
System. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Water Quality Control Division.
Issued May 31, 2007.
http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit/stormwater/SWConstructionPermit.pdf
CDPHE, 2007b. General Permit Application and Stormwater Management Plan Preparation Guidance.
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Water Quality Control Division. Revised
July, 2007. http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit/stormwater/SWConstructionApplication.pdf
CDPHE, 2007c. Rationale. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Water Quality Control
Division. 2007.
http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit/stormwater/SWConstructionRationale.pdf
CDPHE, 2007d. Stormwater Fact Sheet – Construction at Oil and Gas Facilities. Colorado Department of
Public Health and Environment. Water Quality Control Division. Revised July, 2007.
http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit/stormwater/OGfactsheet.pdf
George, R.D. 1927. Geology and Natural Resources of Colorado. University of Colorado, Boulder, CO.
Mutel, C.F., and Emerick, J.C., 1992. From Grassland to Glacier - The Natural History of Colorado and the
Surrounding Region.
U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 2004. Environmental Assessment of the Grass
Mesa Geographic Area Plan. EA# CO140-2004-081EA. Glenwood Springs Energy Office, Colorado.
Online version available at:
http://www.blm.gov/co/st/en/fo/gsfo/GSFO_MasterPlansOfDevelopment.print.html
U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 2005. Environmental Assessment of the Gant
Gulch Geographic Area Plan. EA# CO140-2005-134EA. Glenwood Springs Energy Office, Colorado.
Online version available at:
http://www.blm.gov/co/st/en/fo/gsfo/GSFO_MasterPlansOfDevelopment.print.html
USEPA, 1990. NPDES Stormwater Regulations, 40 CFR Parts 122.26. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
Weiner, R.J., J.D. Haun. 1960. Guide to the Geology of Colorado. Geological Society of America.
October 2011
Appendix A
Permit and/or Permit Application
For Agency Use Only
Permit Number Assigned
COR03-
Date Received /_ /_
Month Day Year
COLORADO DISCHARGE PERMIT SYSTEM (CDPS)
ST ORM WAT ER DISCHARGE ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES APPLICATION
PHOTO COPIES, FAXED COPIES, PDF COPIES OR EM AILS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED.
Please print or type. Original signatures are required. All item s m ust be com pleted accurately and in their entirety for
the application to be deem ed com plete. Incom plete applications will not be processed until all inform ation is received
which will ultim ately delay the issuance of a perm it. If m ore space is required to answer any question, please attach
additional sheets to the application form . Applications m ust be subm itted by m ail or hand delivered to:
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Water Quality Control Division
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
WQCD-P-B2
Denver, Colorado 80246-1530
Any additional inform ation that you would lik e the Division to consider in developing the perm it should be provided with
the application. Exam ples include effluent data and/or m odeling and planned pollutant rem oval strategies.
PERM IT INFORM ATION
Reason for Application: NEW CERT
RENEW CERT EXISTING CERT #
Applicant is: Property Owner Contractor/Operator
A. CONTACT INFORMATION - NOT ALL CONTACT TYPES MAY APPLY * indicates required
*PERMITTEE (If more than one please add additional pages)
*ORGANIZATION FORMAL NAME:
1) *PERMITTEE the person authorized to sign and certify the permit application. This person receives all
permit correspondences and is legally responsible for compliance with the permit.
Responsible Position (Title):
Currently Held By (Person):
Telephone No:_
email address
Organization:
Mailing Address:
City:_ State: Zip:
This form must be signed by the Permittee (listed in item 1) to be considered complete.
Per Regulation 61 In all cases, it shall be signed as follows:
a) In the case of corporations, by a responsible corporate officer. For the purposes of this section, the responsible
corporate officer is responsible for the overall operation of the facility from which the discharge described in the
application originates.
b) In the case of a partnership, by a general partner.
c) In the case of a sole proprietorship, by the proprietor.
d) In the case of a municipal, state, or other public facility, by either a principal executive officer or ranking elected offic ial
page 1 of 5 revised April 2011
2) DMR COGNIZANT OFFICIAL (i.e. authorized agent) the person or position authorized to sign and certify reports required
by the Division including Discharge Monitoring Reports *DMR’s, Annual Reports, Compliance Schedule submittals,
and other information requested by the Division. The Division will transmit pre-printed reports (ie. DMR’s) to this person.
If more than one, please add additional pages. Same As 1) Permittee
Responsible Position (Title):
Currently Held By (Person):
Telephone No:_
email address
Organization:
Mailing Address:
City:_ State: Zip:
Per Regulation 61 : All reports required by permits, and other information requested by the Division shall be signed by
the permittee or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A person is a duly authorized representative only if:
(i) The authorization is made in writing by the permittee
(ii) The authorization specifies either an individual or a position having responsibility for the overall operation of the
regulated facility or activity such as the position of plant manager, operator of a well or a well field, superintendent,
position of equivalent responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for environmental matters
for the company. (A duly authorized representative may thus be either a named individual or any individual occupying a
named position); and
(iii) The written authorization is submitted to the Division
3) *SITE CONTACT local contact for questions relating to the facility & discharge authorized by this permit
for the facility.
Same As 1) Permittee
Responsible Position (Title):
Currently Held By (Person):
Telephone No:_
email address
Organization:
Mailing Address:
City:_ State: Zip:
4) * BILLING CONTACT if different than the permittee
Responsible Position (Title):
Currently Held By (Person):
Telephone No:_
email address
Organization:
Mailing Address:
City:_ State: Zip:
Page 2 of 5 revised April 2011
5) OTHER CONTACT TYPES (check below) Add pages if necessary:
ResponsiblePosition (Title):
Currently Held By (Person):
Telephone No:_
email address
Organization:
Mailing Address:
City:_ State: Zip:
o Pretreatment
Coordinator
o Environmental Contact
o Biosolids Responsible
Party
o Property Owner
Inspection Facility Contact
Consultant
Compliance Contact
Stormwater MS4 Responsible
Person
Stormwater Authorized
Representative
Other
B. Permitted Project/Facility Information
Project/Facility Name
Street Address or cross streets
(e.g., “S. of Park St. between 5th Ave. and 10th Ave.”, or “W. side of C.R. 21, 3.25 miles N. of Hwy 10”; A street name without an address,
intersection, mile marker, or other identifying information describing the location of the project is not adequate. For linear projects,
the route of the project should be described as best as possible with the location more accurately indicated by a map.)
City, Zip Code County
Facility Latitude/Longitude— (approxim ate center of site to nearest 15 seconds using one of
following f orm ats
001A Latitude . Longitude . (e.g., 39.703°, 104.933°’)
degrees (to 3 decimal places) degrees (to 3 decimal places)
or
001A Latitude º ’ " Longitude º ’ " (e.g., 39°46'11"N, 104°53'11"W )
degrees minutes seconds degrees minutes seconds
For the approximate center point of the property, to the nearest 15 seconds. The latitude and longitude must be provided as
either degrees, minutes, and seconds, or in decimal degrees with three decimal places. This information may be obtained from
a variety of sources, including:
o Surveyors or engineers for the project should have, or be able to calculate, this information.
o EPA maintains a web-based siting tool as part of their Toxic Release Inventory program that uses interactive maps and
aerial photography to help users get latitude and longitude. The siting tool can be accessed at
www.epa.gov/tri/report/siting_tool/index.htm
o U.S. Geological Survey topographical map(s), available at area map stores.
o Using a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit to obtain a direct reading.
Note: the latitude/longitude required above is not the directional degrees, minutes, and seconds provided on a site legal
description to define property boundaries.
C. MAP (Attachment) If no map is submitted, the permit will not be issued.
Map: Attach a map that indicates the site location and that CLEARLY shows the boundaries of the area that will be
disturbed. Maps must be no larger than 11x17 inches.
D. LEGAL DESCRIPTION
Legal description: If subdivided, provide the legal description below, or indicate that it is not applicable (do not supply
Township/Range/Section or metes and bounds description of site)
Subdivision(s): Lot(s): Block(s):
OR
Not applicable (site has not been subdivided)
page 3 of 5 revised April 2011
E. AREA OF CONSTRUCTION SIT E
Total area of project site (acres): Area of project site to undergo disturbance (acres):
Note: aside from clearing, grading and excavation activities, disturbed areas also include areas receiving
overburden (e.g., stockpiles), demolition areas, and areas with heavy equipment/vehicle traffic and storage
that disturb existing vegetative cover
Total disturbed area of Larger Common Plan of Development or Sale, if applicable:
(i.e., total, including all phases, filings, lots, and infrastructure not covered by this application)
Provide both the total area of the construction site, and the area that will undergo disturbance, in acres. Note: aside
from clearing, grading and excavation activities, disturbed areas also include areas receiving overburden (e.g.,
stockpiles), demolition areas, and areas with heavy equipment/vehicle traffic and storage that disturb existing
vegetative cover (see construction activity description under the APPLICABILITY section on page 1).
If the project is part of a larger common plan of development or sale (see the definition under the APPLICABILITY
section on page 1), the disturbed area of the total plan must also be included.
F. NATURE OF CONST RUCTION ACTIVIT Y
Check the appropriate box(s) or provide a brief description that indicates the general nature of the construction activities.
(The full description of activities must be included in the Stormwater Management Plan.)
Single Family Residential Development
Multi-Family Residential Development
Commercial Development
Oil and Gas Production and/or Exploration (including pad sites and associated infrastructure)
Highway/Road Development (not including roadways associated with commercial or residential development)
Other – Description:
G. ANTICIPAT ED CONSTRUCT ION SCHEDULE
Construction Start Date: ___________________________ Final Stabilization Date: _____________________________
Construction Start Date - This is the day you expect to begin ground disturbing activities, including grubbing, stockpiling, excavating,
demolition, and grading activities.
Final Stabilization Date - in terms of permit coverage, this is when the site is finally stabilized. This means that all ground surface
disturbing activities at the site have been completed, and all disturbed areas have been either built on, paved, or a uniform vegetative
cover has been established with an individual plant density of at least 70 percent of pre-disturbance levels. Permit coverage must be
maintained until the site is finally stabilized. Even if you are only doing one part of the project, the estimated final stabilization
date must be for the overall project. If permit coverage is still required once your part is completed, the permit certification may be
transferred or reassigned to a new responsible entity(s).
H. RECEIVING WAT ERS (If discharge is to a ditch or storm sewer, include the name of the ultimate receiving waters)
Immediate Receiving Water(s):
Ultimate Receiving Water(s):
Identify the receiving water of the stormwater from your site. Receiving waters are any waters of the State of Colorado. This includes
all water courses, even if they are usually dry. If stormwater from the construction site enters a ditch or storm sewer system, identify
that system and indicate the ultimate receiving water for the ditch or storm sewer. Note: a stormwater discharge permit does not
allow a discharge into a ditch or storm sewer system without the approval of the owner/operator of that system.
page 4 of 5 revised April 2011
I. REQUIRED SIGNATURES (Both parts i. and ii. must be signed)
Signature of Applicant: The applicant must be either the owner and/or operator of the construction site. Refer to Part B of the instructions for ad ditional information.
The application must be signed by the applicant to be considered complete. In all cases. it shall be signed as follows: (Regulation 61.4(1ei )
a) In the case of corporations, by the r esponsible corporate officer is responsible for t he overall operation of t he facility from which the discharge
described in the form originates
b) In the case of a partnership, by a general partner.
c) In the case of a sole proprietorship, by the proprietor.
d) In the case of a muni cipal, state, or other public facility, by either a principal executive officer, rank ing elected official, (a principal executive officer
has responsibility for the overall operation of the facil ity from which the discharge originates).
STOP!: A Stormwater Management Plan must be completed prior to signing the following certifications!
i. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN CERTIFICATION
"I certify under penalty of law that a complete Stormwater Management Plan, has been prepared for my activity. Based on my inquiry of the person or
persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the Stormwater Management Plan is, to the best of
my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significan t penalties for fa lsely certifying the completion of said SWMP,
includin the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations ."
Steve Newby
Name (p rinted)
sib l e Person or Authorized Agent (submission must include original signature)
President
Title
ii. SIGNATURE OF PERMIT LEGAL CONTACT
"I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information submitted in this appl ic ation and all attachments anc
that, based on my inquiry of those individual s immediately responsible for obtaining the information, I believe that the i nformation is true, accurate and
complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, inc luding the possibili t y of fine or imprisonment.
"I understand that submitta l of this application is for cove rage under the State of Colorado General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with
Construction Activity for the entirety of the construction site/project described and applied for, until such time as the application is amended o r the
certification is transferred, inactivated, or expired ."
/O
ble Person (submi ssio n must include original signature) Date Signed
President
Name (printed Title
DO NOT INCLUDE A COPY OF THE STORt • AT R MANAGEMENT PLAN
DO NOT INCLUDE PAYMENT AN INVOICE WILL BE SENT AFTER THE CERTIFICATION IS ISSUED.
page 5 of 5 revis ed April 2011
Page 2 of 22
Permit No. COR-030000
CDPS GENERAL PERMIT
STORMWATER DISCHARGES ASSOCIATED WITH
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
AUTHORIZATION TO DISCHARGE UNDER THE
COLORADO DISCHARGE PERMIT SYSTEM
In compliance with the provisions of the Colorado Water Quality Control Act, (25-8-101 et seq., CRS, 1973
as amended) and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.; the "Act"),
this permit authorizes the discharge of stormwater associated with construction activities (and specific
allowable non-stormwater discharges in accordance with Part I.D.3 of the permit) certified under this permit,
from those locations specified throughout the State of Colorado to specified waters of the State. Such
discharges shall be in accordance with the conditions of this permit.
This permit specifically authorizes the facility listed on the certification page (page 1) of this permit to
discharge, as of this date, in accordance with permit requirements and conditions set forth in Parts I and II
hereof. All discharges authorized herein shall be consistent with the terms and conditions of this permit.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight, June 30, 2012.
Issued and Signed this 31st day of May, 2007
COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
Janet S. Kieler
Permits Section Manager
Water Quality Control Division
SIGNED AND ISSUED MAY 31, 2007
EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
A. COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT........................................................................................................................................ 3
1. Authority to Discharge ............................................................................................................................................. 3
a) Applicable Sections................................................................................................................................. 3
b) Oil and Gas Construction ........................................................................................................................ 3
2. Definitions................................................................................................................................................................ 3
3. Permit Coverage Without Application – Qualifying Local Programs...................................................................... 3
a) Applicable Sections................................................................................................................................. 3
b) Local Agency Authority.......................................................................................................................... 4
c) Permit Coverage Termination.................................................................................................................. 4
d) Compliance with Qualifying Local Program........................................................................................... 4
e) Full Permit Applicability......................................................................................................................... 4
4. Application, Due Dates............................................................................................................................................. 4
a) Application Due Dates............................................................................................................................. 4
b) Summary of Application ......................................................................................................................... 4
5. Permit Certification Procedures................................................................................................................................ 4
a) Request for Additional Information......................................................................................................... 4
b) Automatic Coverage................................................................................................................................ 5
c) Individual Permit Required ..................................................................................................................... 5
d) General vs. Individual Permit Coverage.................................................................................................. 5
e) Local Agency Authority.......................................................................................................................... 5
6. Inactivation Notice.................................................................................................................................................... 5
7. Transfer of Permit...................................................................................................................................................... 5
8. Reassignment of Permit............................................................................................................................................ 5
9. Sale of Residence to Homeowners ........................................................................................................................... 6
10. Permit Expiration Date............................................................................................................................................. 6
11. Individual Permit Criteria......................................................................................................................................... 6
B. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS............................................................................ 6
C. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN – CONTENTS......................................................................................................... 7
1. Site Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
2. Site Map.................................................................................................................................................................... 7
3. Stormwater Management Controls........................................................................................................................... 8
a) SWMP Administrator............................................................................................................................... 8
b) Identification of Potential Pollutant Sources............................................................................................ 8
c) Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Stormwater Pollution Prevention. ........................................... 8
4. Final Stabilization and Long-term Stormwater Management.................................................................................... 9
5. Inspection and Maintenance ................................................................................................................................... 10
D. TERMS AND CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................................................... 10
1. General Limitations................................................................................................................................................ 10
2. BMP Implementation and Design Standards.......................................................................................................... 10
3. Prohibition of Non-Stormwater Discharges............................................................................................................ 11
4. Releases in Excess of Reportable Quantities.......................................................................................................... 11
5. SWMP Requirements ............................................................................................................................................. 11
a) SWMP Preparation and Implementation............................................................................................... 11
b) SWMP Retention Requirements............................................................................................................ 11
c) SWMP Review/Changes ....................................................................................................................... 11
d) Responsive SWMP Changes................................................................................................................. 12
6. Inspections............................................................................................................................................................... 12
a) Minimum Inspection Schedule............................................................................................................... 12
b) Inspection Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 13
c) Required Actions Following Site Inspections ........................................................................................ 13
7. BMP Maintenance .................................................................................................................................................. 13
8. Replacement and Failed BMPs................................................................................................................................ 14
9. Reporting................................................................................................................................................................. 14
-2a-
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.)
10. SWMP Availability ................................................................................................................................................. 14
11. Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)..................................................................................................................... 14
E. ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS.................................................................................................................................................. 15
F. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................................................. 16
1. Signatory Requirements........................................................................................................................................... 16
2. Retention of Records............................................................................................................................................... 16
3. Monitoring............................................................................................................................................................... 16
PART II
A. MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS........................................................................................................................................ 17
1. Amending a Permit Certification............................................................................................................................. 17
2. Special Notifications - Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 17
3. Noncompliance Notification.................................................................................................................................... 17
4. Submission of Incorrect or Incomplete Information................................................................................................ 18
5. Bypass...................................................................................................................................................................... 18
6. Upsets ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18
7. Removed Substances............................................................................................................................................... 18
8. Minimization of Adverse Impact............................................................................................................................. 18
9. Reduction, Loss, or Failure of Stormwater Controls............................................................................................... 19
10. Proper Operation and Maintenance ......................................................................................................................... 19
B. RESPONSIBILITIES.................................................................................................................................................................. 19
1. Inspections and Right to Entry................................................................................................................................. 19
2. Duty to Provide Information.................................................................................................................................... 19
3. Transfer of Ownership or Control ........................................................................................................................... 19
4. Modification, Suspension, or Revocation of Permit By Division............................................................................ 20
5. Permit Violations..................................................................................................................................................... 21
6. Legal Responsibilities.............................................................................................................................................. 21
7. Severability.............................................................................................................................................................. 21
8. Renewal Application ............................................................................................................................................... 21
9. Confidentiality......................................................................................................................................................... 21
10. Fees.......................................................................................................................................................................... 21
11. Requiring an Individual CDPS Permit..................................................................................................................... 22
-2b-
PART I
Permit - Page 3
Permit No. COR-030000
PART I
A. COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT
1. Authority to Discharge
Under this permit, facilities are granted authorization to discharge stormwater associated with construction activities into
waters of the state of Colorado. This permit also authorizes the discharge of specific allowable non-stormwater discharges,
in accordance with Part I.D.3 of the permit, which includes discharges to the ground. This includes stormwater discharges
from areas that are dedicated to producing earthen materials, such as soils, sand and gravel, for use at a single construction
site (i.e., borrow or fill areas). This permit also authorizes stormwater discharges from dedicated asphalt batch plants and
dedicated concrete batch plants. (Coverage under the construction site permit is not required for batch plants if they have
alternate CDPS permit coverage.) This permit does not authorize the discharge of mine water or process water from such
areas.
a) Applicable Sections: In accordance with Part I.A.3 of this permit, some parts of this permit do not apply to sites
covered under a Qualifying Local Program, as defined in I.A.2.d. For sites not covered by a Qualifying Local
Program, all parts of the permit apply except Part I.A.3. The permittee will be responsible for determining and then
complying with the applicable sections.
b) Oil and Gas Construction: Stormwater discharges associated with construction activities directly related to oil and
gas exploration, production, processing, and treatment operations or transmission facilities are regulated under the
Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations (5CCR 1002-61), and require coverage under this permit in
accordance with that regulation. However, references in this permit to specific authority under the Federal Clean
Water Act (CWA) do not apply to stormwater discharges associated with these oil and gas related construction
activities, to the extent that the references are limited by the federal Energy Policy Act of 2005.
2. Definitions
a) Stormwater: Stormwater is precipitation-induced surface runoff.
b) Construction activity: Construction activity refers to ground surface disturbing activities, which include, but are
not limited to, clearing, grading, excavation, demolition, installation of new or improved haul roads and access
roads, staging areas, stockpiling of fill materials, and borrow areas. Construction does not include routine
maintenance to maintain original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of the facility.
c) Small construction activity: Stormwater discharge associated with small construction activity means the discharge
of stormwater from construction activities that result in land disturbance of equal to or greater than one acre and less
than five acres. Small construction activity also includes the disturbance of less than one acre of total land area that
is part of a larger common plan of development or sale, if the larger common plan will ultimately disturb equal to or
greater than one and less than five acres.
d) Qualifying Local Program: This permit includes conditions that incorporate qualifying local erosion and sediment
control program (Qualifying Local Program) requirements by reference. A Qualifying Local Program is a municipal
stormwater program for stormwater discharges associated with small construction activity that has been formally
approved by the Division.
Other Definitions: Definitions of additional terms can be found in Part I.E. of this permit.
3. Permit Coverage Without Application – for small construction activities under a Qualifying Local Program only
If a small construction site is within the jurisdiction of a Qualifying Local Program, the operator of the construction
activity is authorized to discharge stormwater associated with small construction activity under this general permit without
the submittal of an application to the Division.
a) Applicable Sections: For sites covered by a Qualifying Local Program, only Parts 1.A.1, 1.A.2, 1.A.3, I.D.1, I.D.2,
I.D.3, I.D.4, I.D.7, I.D.8, I.D.11, I.E and Part II of this permit, with the exception of Parts II.A.1, II.B.3, II.B.8, and
II.B10, apply.
PART I
Permit - Page 4
Permit No. COR-030000
A. COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT (cont.)
b) Local Agency Authority: This permit does not pre-empt or supersede the authority of local agencies to prohibit,
restrict, or control discharges of stormwater to storm drain systems or other water courses within their jurisdiction.
c) Permit Coverage Termination: When a site under a Qualifying Local Program has been finally stabilized,
coverage under this permit is automatically terminated.
d) Compliance with Qualifying Local Program: A construction site operator that has authorization to discharge
under this permit under Part I.A.3 shall comply with the requirements of the Qualifying Local Program with
jurisdiction over the site.
e ) Full Permit Applicability: The Division may require any operator within the jurisdiction of a Qualifying Local
Program covered under this permit to apply for and obtain coverage under the full requirements of this permit. The
operator must be notified in writing that an application for full coverage is required. When a permit certification
under this permit is issued to an operator that would otherwise be covered under Part I.A.3 of this permit, the full
requirements of this permit replace the requirements as per Part I.A.3 of this permit, upon the effective date of the
permit certification. A site brought under the full requirements of this permit must still comply with local
stormwater management requirements, policies or guidelines as required by Part I.D.1.g of this permit.
4. Application, Due Dates
a) Application Due Dates: At least ten calendar days prior to the commencement of construction activities, the
applicant shall submit an application form as provided by the Division, with a certification that the Stormwater
Management Plan (SWMP) is complete.
One original completed discharge permit application shall be submitted, by mail or hand delivery, to:
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Water Quality Control Division
WQCD-Permits-B2
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, Colorado 80246-1530
b) Summary of Application: The application requires, at a minimum, the following:
1) The applicant’s company name; address; telephone number; and email address (if available); whether the
applicant is the owner, developer, or contractor; and local contact information;
2) Project name, address, county and location of the construction site, including the latitude and longitude to the
nearest 15 seconds of the approximate center of the construction activity;
3) Legal description or map of the construction site;
4) Estimates of: the total area of the site, the area of the site that is expected to be disturbed, and the total area of
the larger common plan of development or sale to undergo disturbance;
5) The nature of the construction activity;
6) The anticipated start date and final stabilization date for the project;
7) The name of the receiving water(s), or the municipal separate storm sewer system and the ultimate (i.e., named)
receiving water(s);
8) Certification that the SWMP for the construction site is complete (see Part I.C. below); and
9) The signature of the applicant, signed in accordance with Part I.F.1 of this permit.
5. Permit Certification Procedures
If this general permit is appropriate for the applicant's operation, then a certification will be developed and the applicant
will be authorized to discharge stormwater under this general permit.
a) Request for Additional Information: The Division shall have up to ten calendar days after receipt of the above
information to request additional data and/or deny the authorization for any particular discharge. Upon receipt of
additional information, the Division shall have an additional ten calendar days to issue or deny authorization for
the particular discharge. (Notification of denial shall be by letter, in cases where coverage under an alternate general
permit or an individual permit is required, instead of coverage under this permit.)
PART I
Permit - Page 5
Permit No. COR-030000
A. COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT (cont.)
b) Automatic Coverage: If the applicant does not receive a request for additional information or a notification of
denial from the Division dated within ten calendar days of receipt of the application by the Division, authorization to
discharge in accordance with the conditions of this permit shall be deemed granted.
c) Individual Permit Required: If, after evaluation of the application (or additional information, such as the SWMP),
it is found that this general permit is not appropriate for the operation, then the application will be processed as one
for an individual permit. The applicant will be notified of the Division's decision to deny certification under this
general permit. For an individual permit, additional information may be requested, and 180 days may be required to
process the application and issue the permit. At the Division’s discretion, temporary coverage under this general
permit may be allowed until the individual permit goes into effect.
d) General vs. Individual Permit Coverage: Any permittee authorized by this permit may request to be excluded
from the coverage of this permit by applying for an individual CDPS permit. The permittee shall submit an
individual application, with reasons supporting the request, to the Division at least 180 days prior to any discharge.
e) Local Agency Authority: This permit does not pre-empt or supersede the authority of local agencies to prohibit,
restrict, or control discharges of stormwater to storm drain systems or other water courses within their jurisdiction.
6. Inactivation Notice
When a site has been finally stabilized in accordance with the SWMP, the permittee must submit an Inactivation Notice
form that is signed in accordance with Part I.F.1. of this permit. The Inactivation Notice form is available from the
Division and includes:
a) Permit certification number;
b) The permittee's name, address, telephone number;
c) Name, location, and county for the construction site for which the inactivation notice is being submitted; and
d) Certification that the site has been finally stabilized, and a description of the final stabilization method(s).
7. Transfer of Permit
When responsibility for stormwater discharges at a construction site changes from one entity to another, the permittee shall
submit a completed Notice of Transfer and Acceptance of Terms form that is signed in accordance with Part I.F.1. of
this permit. The Notice of Transfer form is available from the Division and includes:
a) Permit certification number;
b) Name, location, and county for the construction site for which the Notice of Transfer is being submitted;
c) Identifying information for the new permittee;
d) Identifying information for the current permittee; and
e) Effective date of transfer.
If the new responsible party will not complete the transfer form, the permit may be inactivated upon written request to the
Division and completion of the Inactivation Notice if the permittee has no legal responsibility, through ownership or
contract, for the construction activities at the site. In this case, the new owner or operator would be required to obtain
permit coverage separately.
8. Reassignment of Permit
When a permittee no longer has control of a specific portion of a permitted site, and wishes to transfer coverage of that
portion of the site to a second party, the permittee shall submit a completed Notice of Reassignment of Permit Coverage
form that is signed in accordance with Part I.F.1. of this permit. The Notice of Reassignment of Permit Coverage form is
available from the Division and includes:
a) Current permit certification number;
b) Identifying information and certification as required by Part I.A.4.b for the new permittee;
c) Identifying information for the current permittee, revised site information and certification for reassignment; and
d) Effective date of reassignment.
PART I
Permit - Page 6
Permit No. COR-030000
A. COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT (cont.)
If the new responsible party will not complete the reassignment form, the applicable portion of the permitted site may be
removed from permit coverage upon written request to the Division if the permittee has no legal responsibility, through
ownership or contract, for the construction activities at the portion of the site. In this case, the new owner or operator
would be required to obtain permit coverage separately.
9. Sale of Residence to Homeowners
For residential construction only, when a residential lot has been conveyed to a homeowner and all criteria in paragraphs
a through e, below, are met, coverage under this permit is no longer required and the conveyed lot may be removed from
coverage under the permittee’s certification. At such time, the permittee is no longer responsible for meeting the terms and
conditions of this permit for the conveyed lot, including the requirement to transfer or reassign permit coverage. The
permittee remains responsible for inactivation of the original certification.
a) The lot has been sold to the homeowner(s) for private residential use;
b) the lot is less than one acre of disturbed area;
c) all construction activity conducted by the permittee on the lot is completed;
d) a certificate of occupancy (or equivalent) has been awarded to the home owner; and
e) the SWMP has been amended to indicate the lot is no longer covered by permit.
Lots not meeting all of the above criteria require continued permit coverage. However, this permit coverage may be
transferred (Part I.A.7, above) or reassigned (Part I.A.8, above) to a new owner or operator.
10. Permit Expiration Date
Authorization to discharge under this general permit shall expire on June 30, 2012. The Division must evaluate and
reissue this general permit at least once every five years and must recertify the permittee's authority to discharge under the
general permit at such time. Therefore, a permittee desiring continued coverage under the general permit must reapply by
March 31, 2012. The Division will initiate the renewal process; however, it is ultimately the permittee’s responsibility to
ensure that the renewal is submitted. The Division will determine if the permittee may continue to operate under the terms
of the general permit. An individual permit may be required for any facility not reauthorized to discharge under the
reissued general permit.
11. Individual Permit Criteria
Various criteria can be used in evaluating whether or not an individual (or alternate general) permit is required instead of
this general permit. This information may come from the application, SWMP, or additional information as requested by
the Division, and includes, but is not limited to, the following:
a) the quality of the receiving waters (i.e., the presence of downstream drinking water intakes or a high quality fishery,
or for preservation of high quality water);
b) the size of the construction site;
c) evidence of noncompliance under a previous permit for the operation;
d) the use of chemicals within the stormwater system; or
e) discharges of pollutants of concern to waters for which there is an established Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL).
In addition, an individual permit may be required when the Division has shown or has reason to suspect that the
stormwater discharge may contribute to a violation of a water quality standard.
B. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1. A SWMP shall be developed for each facility covered by this permit. The SWMP shall be prepared in accordance with
good engineering, hydrologic and pollution control practices. (The SWMP need not be prepared by a registered engineer.)
PART I
Permit - Page 7
Permit No. COR-030000
B. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (cont.)
2. The SWMP shall:
a) Identify all potential sources of pollution which may reasonably be expected to affect the quality of stormwater
discharges associated with construction activity from the facility;
b) Describe the practices to be used to reduce the pollutants in stormwater discharges associated with construction
activity at the facility; and ensure the practices are selected and described in accordance with good engineering
practices, including the installation, implementation and maintenance requirements; and
c) Be properly prepared, and updated in accordance with Part I.D.5.c, to ensure compliance with the terms and
conditions of this permit.
3. Facilities must implement the provisions of the SWMP as written and updated, from commencement of construction activity
until final stabilization is complete, as a condition of this permit. The Division reserves the right to review the SWMP, and
to require the permittee to develop and implement additional measures to prevent and control pollution as needed.
4. The SWMP may reflect requirements for Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plans under section 311 of
the CWA, or Best Management Practices (BMPs) Programs otherwise required by a separate CDPS permit, and may
incorporate any part of such plans into the SWMP by reference, provided that the relevant sections of such plans are
available as part of the SWMP consistent with Part I.D.5.b.
5. For any sites with permit coverage before June 30, 2007, the permittee’s SMWP must meet the new SWMP requirements as
summarized in Section II.I of the rationale. Any needed changes must be made by October 1, 2007.
C. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) – CONTENTS
The SWMP shall include the following items, at a minimum.
1. Site Description. The SWMP shall clearly describe the construction activity, to include:
a) The nature of the construction activity at the site.
b) The proposed sequence for major activities.
c) Estimates of the total area of the site, and the area and location expected to be disturbed by clearing, excavation,
grading, or other construction activities.
d) A summary of any existing data used in the development of the site construction plans or SWMP that describe the
soil or existing potential for soil erosion.
e) A description of the existing vegetation at the site and an estimate of the percent vegetative ground cover.
f) The location and description of all potential pollution sources, including ground surface disturbing activities (see
Part I.A.2.b), vehicle fueling, storage of fertilizers or chemicals, etc.
g) The location and description of any anticipated allowable sources of non-stormwater discharge at the site, e.g.,
uncontaminated springs, landscape irrigation return flow, construction dewatering, and concrete washout.
h) The name of the receiving water(s) and the size, type and location of any outfall(s). If the stormwater discharge is to
a municipal separate storm sewer system, the name of that system, the location of the storm sewer discharge, and the
ultimate receiving water(s).
2. Site Map. The SWMP shall include a legible site map(s), showing the entire site, identifying:
a) construction site boundaries;
b) all areas of ground surface disturbance;
c) areas of cut and fill;
d) areas used for storage of building materials, equipment, soil, or waste;
e) locations of dedicated asphalt or concrete batch plants;
f) locations of all structural BMPs;
g) locations of non-structural BMPs as applicable; and
h) locations of springs, streams, wetlands and other surface waters.
PART I
Permit - Page 8
Permit No. COR-030000
C. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) – CONTENTS (cont.)
3. Stormwater Management Controls.
The SWMP must include a description of all stormwater management controls that will be implemented as part of the
construction activity to control pollutants in stormwater discharges. The appropriateness and priorities of stormwater
management controls in the SWMP shall reflect the potential pollutant sources identified at the facility.
The description of stormwater management controls shall address the following components, at a minimum:
a) SWMP Administrator - The SWMP shall identify a specific individual(s), position or title who is responsible for
developing, implementing, maintaining, and revising the SWMP. The activities and responsibilities of the
administrator shall address all aspects of the facility’s SWMP.
b) Identification of Potential Pollutant Sources - All potential pollutant sources, including materials and activities, at
a site must be evaluated for the potential to contribute pollutants to stormwater discharges. The SWMP shall
identify and describe those sources determined to have the potential to contribute pollutants to stormwater
discharges, and the sources must be controlled through BMP selection and implementation, as required in paragraph
(c), below.
At a minimum, each of the following sources and activities shall be evaluated for the potential to contribute
pollutants to stormwater discharges, and identified in the SWMP if found to have such potential:
1) all disturbed and stored soils;
2) vehicle tracking of sediments;
3) management of contaminated soils;
4) loading and unloading operations;
5) outdoor storage activities (building materials, fertilizers, chemicals, etc.);
6) vehicle and equipment maintenance and fueling;
7) significant dust or particulate generating processes;
8) routine maintenance activities involving fertilizers, pesticides, detergents, fuels, solvents, oils, etc.;
9) on-site waste management practices (waste piles, liquid wastes, dumpsters, etc.);
10) concrete truck/equipment washing, including the concrete truck chute and associated fixtures and equipment;
11) dedicated asphalt and concrete batch plants;
12) non-industrial waste sources such as worker trash and portable toilets; and
13) other areas or procedures where potential spills can occur.
c) Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Stormwater Pollution Prevention - The SWMP shall identify and
describe appropriate BMPs, including, but not limited to, those required by paragraphs 1 through 8 below, that will
be implemented at the facility to reduce the potential of the sources identified in Part I.C.3.b to contribute pollutants
to stormwater discharges. The SWMP shall clearly describe the installation and implementation specifications for
each BMP identified in the SWMP to ensure proper implementation, operation and maintenance of the BMP.
1) Structural Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control. The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate all
structural practices implemented at the site to minimize erosion and sediment transport. Practices may include,
but are not limited to: straw bales, wattles/sediment control logs, silt fences, earth dikes, drainage swales,
sediment traps, subsurface drains, pipe slope drains, inlet protection, outlet protection, gabions, and temporary
or permanent sediment basins.
2) Non-Structural Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control. The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate, as
applicable, all non-structural practices implemented at the site to minimize erosion and sediment transport.
Description must include interim and permanent stabilization practices, and site-specific scheduling for
implementation of the practices. The SWMP should include practices to ensure that existing vegetation is
preserved where possible. Non-structural practices may include, but are not limited to: temporary vegetation,
permanent vegetation, mulching, geotextiles, sod stabilization, slope roughening, vegetative buffer strips,
protection of trees, and preservation of mature vegetation.
PART I
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Permit No. COR-030000
C. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) – CONTENTS (cont.)
3) Phased BMP Implementation. The SWMP shall clearly describe the relationship between the phases of
construction, and the implementation and maintenance of both structural and non-structural stormwater
management controls. The SWMP must identify the stormwater management controls to be implemented
during the project phases, which can include, but are not limited to, clearing and grubbing; road construction;
utility and infrastructure installation; vertical construction; final grading; and final stabilization.
4) Materials Handling and Spill Prevention. The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate all practices
implemented at the site to minimize impacts from procedures or significant materials (see definitions at Part
I.E.) that could contribute pollutants to runoff. Such procedures or significant materials could include: exposed
storage of building materials; paints and solvents; fertilizers or chemicals; waste material; and equipment
maintenance or fueling procedures.
Areas or procedures where potential spills can occur must have spill prevention and response procedures
identified in the SWMP.
5) Dedicated Concrete or Asphalt Batch Plants. The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate all practices
implemented at the site to control stormwater pollution from dedicated concrete batch plants or dedicated
asphalt batch plants covered by this certification.
6) Vehicle Tracking Control. The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate all practices implemented at the site to
control potential sediment discharges from vehicle tracking. Practices must be implemented for all areas of
potential vehicle tracking, and can include: minimizing site access; street sweeping or scraping; tracking pads;
graveled parking areas; requiring that vehicles stay on paved areas on-site; wash racks; contractor education;
and/or sediment control BMPs, etc.
7) Waste Management and Disposal, Including Concrete Washout.
i) The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate the practices implemented at the site to control stormwater
pollution from all construction site wastes (liquid and solid), including concrete washout activities.
ii) The practices used for concrete washout must ensure that these activities do not result in the contribution
of pollutants associated with the washing activity to stormwater runoff.
iii) Part I.D.3.c of the permit authorizes the conditional discharge of concrete washout water to the ground.
The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate the practices to be used that will ensure that no washout
water from concrete washout activities is discharged from the site as surface runoff or to surface waters.
8) Groundwater and Stormwater Dewatering.
i) The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate the practices implemented at the site to control stormwater
pollution from the dewatering of groundwater or stormwater from excavations, wells, etc.
ii) Part I.D.3.d of the permit authorizes the conditional discharge of construction dewatering to the ground.
For any construction dewatering of groundwater not authorized under a separate CDPS discharge permit,
the SWMP shall clearly describe and locate the practices to be used that will ensure that no groundwater
from construction dewatering is discharged from the site as surface runoff or to surface waters.
4. Final Stabilization and Long-term Stormwater Management
a) The SWMP shall clearly describe the practices used to achieve final stabilization of all disturbed areas at the site,
and any planned practices to control pollutants in stormwater discharges that will occur after construction operations
have been completed at the site.
b) Final stabilization practices for obtaining a vegetative cover should include, as appropriate: seed mix selection and
application methods; soil preparation and amendments; soil stabilization practices (e.g., crimped straw, hydro mulch
or rolled erosion control products); and appropriate sediment control BMPs as needed until final stabilization is
achieved; etc.
PART I
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Permit No. COR-030000
C. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) – CONTENTS (cont.)
c) Final stabilization is reached when all ground surface disturbing activities at the site have been completed, and
uniform vegetative cover has been established with an individual plant density of at least 70 percent of pre-
disturbance levels, or equivalent permanent, physical erosion reduction methods have been employed.
The Division may, after consultation with the permittee and upon good cause, amend the final stabilization criteria in this
section for specific operations.
5. Inspection and Maintenance
Part I.D.6 of the permit includes requirements for site inspections. Part I.D.7 of the permit includes requirements for BMP
maintenance. The SWMP shall clearly describe the inspection and maintenance procedures implemented at the site to
maintain all erosion and sediment control practices and other protective practices identified in the SWMP, in good and
effective operating condition.
D. TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. General Limitations
The following limitations shall apply to all discharges covered by this permit:
a) Stormwater discharges from construction activities shall not cause, have the reasonable potential to cause, or
measurably contribute to an exceedance of any water quality standard, including narrative standards for water
quality.
b) Concrete washout water shall not be discharged to state surface waters or to storm sewer systems. On-site
permanent disposal of concrete washout waste is not authorized by this permit. Discharge to the ground of concrete
washout waste that will subsequently be disposed of off-site is authorized by this permit. See Part I.D.3.c of the
permit.
c) Bulk storage structures for petroleum products and any other chemicals shall have secondary containment or
equivalent adequate protection so as to contain all spills and prevent any spilled material from entering State waters.
d) No chemicals are to be added to the discharge unless permission for the use of a specific chemical is granted by the
Division. In granting the use of such chemicals, special conditions and monitoring may be addressed by separate
correspondence.
e) The Division reserves the right to require sampling and testing, on a case-by-case basis, in the event that there is
reason to suspect that compliance with the SWMP is a problem, or to measure the effectiveness of the BMPs in
removing pollutants in the effluent. Such monitoring may include Whole Effluent Toxicity testing.
f) All site wastes must be properly managed to prevent potential pollution of State waters. This permit does not
authorize on-site waste disposal.
g) All dischargers must comply with the lawful requirements of federal agencies, municipalities, counties, drainage
districts and other local agencies regarding any discharges of stormwater to storm drain systems or other water
courses under their jurisdiction, including applicable requirements in municipal stormwater management programs
developed to comply with CDPS permits. Dischargers must comply with local stormwater management
requirements, policies or guidelines including erosion and sediment control.
2. BMP Implementation and Design Standards
Facilities must select, install, implement, and maintain appropriate BMPs, following good engineering, hydrologic and
pollution control practices. BMPs implemented at the site must be adequately designed to provide control for all potential
pollutant sources associated with construction activity to prevent pollution or degradation of State waters.
PART I
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Permit No. COR-030000
D. TERMS AND CONDITIONS (cont.)
3. Prohibition of Non-Stormwater Discharges
a) Except as provided in paragraphs b, c, and d below, all discharges covered by this permit shall be composed
entirely of stormwater associated with construction activity. Discharges of material other than stormwater must
be addressed in a separate CDPS permit issued for that discharge.
b) Discharges from the following sources that are combined with stormwater discharges associated with construction
activity may be authorized by this permit, provided that the non-stormwater component of the discharge is identified
in the SWMP (see Part I.C.1.g of this permit):
- emergency fire fighting activities - landscape irrigation return flow
- uncontaminated springs
c) Discharges to the ground of concrete washout water from washing of tools and concrete mixer chutes may be
authorized by this permit, provided that:
1) the source is identified in the SWMP;
2) BMPs are included in the SWMP in accordance with Part I.C.3(c)(7) and to prevent pollution of groundwater in
violation of Part I.D.1.a; and
3) these discharges do not leave the site as surface runoff or to surface waters
d) Discharges to the ground of water from construction dewatering activities may be authorized by this permit,
provided that:
1) the source is groundwater and/or groundwater combined with stormwater that does not contain pollutants in
concentrations exceeding the State groundwater standards in Regulations 5 CCR 1002-41 and 42;
2) the source is identified in the SWMP;
3) BMPs are included in the SWMP, as required by Part I.C.3(c)(8); and
4) these discharges do not leave the site as surface runoff or to surface waters.
Discharges to the ground from construction dewatering activities that do not meet the above criteria must be covered
under a separate CDPS discharge permit. Contaminated groundwater requiring coverage under a separate CDPS
discharge permit may include groundwater contaminated with pollutants from a landfill, mining activity, industrial
pollutant plume, underground storage tank, or other source.
4. Releases in Excess of Reportable Quantities
This permit does not relieve the permittee of the reporting requirements of 40 CFR 110, 40 CFR 117 or 40 CFR 302. Any
discharge of hazardous material must be handled in accordance with the Division's Noncompliance Notification
Requirements (see Part II.A.3 of the permit).
5. SWMP Requirements
a) SWMP Preparation and Implementation: The SWMP shall be prepared prior to applying for coverage under the
general permit, and certification of its completion submitted with the application. The SWMP shall be implemented
prior to commencement of construction activities. The plan shall be updated as appropriate (see paragraph c,
below), below). SWMP provisions shall be implemented until expiration or inactivation of permit coverage.
b) SWMP Retention Requirements: A copy of the SWMP must be retained on site unless another location, specified
by the permittee, is approved by the Division.
c) SWMP Review/Changes: The permittee shall amend the SWMP:
1) when there is a change in design, construction, operation, or maintenance of the site, which would require the
implementation of new or revised BMPs; or
2) if the SWMP proves to be ineffective in achieving the general objectives of controlling pollutants in stormwater
discharges associated with construction activity; or
PART I
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Permit No. COR-030000
D. TERMS AND CONDITIONS (cont.)
3) when BMPs are no longer necessary and are removed.
SWMP changes shall be made prior to changes in the site conditions, except as allowed for in paragraph d, below.
SWMP revisions may include, but are not limited to: potential pollutant source identification; selection of
appropriate BMPs for site conditions; BMP maintenance procedures; and interim and final stabilization practices.
The SWMP changes may include a schedule for further BMP design and implementation, provided that, if any
interim BMPs are needed to comply with the permit, they are also included in the SWMP and implemented during
the interim period.
d) Responsive SWMP Changes: SWMP changes addressing BMP installation and/or implementation are often
required to be made in response to changing conditions, or when current BMPs are determined ineffective. The
majority of SWMP revisions to address these changes can be made immediately with quick in-the-field revisions to
the SWMP. In the less common scenario where more complex development of materials to modify the SWMP is
necessary, SWMP revisions shall be made in accordance with the following requirements:
1) the SWMP shall be revised as soon as practicable, but in no case more than 72 hours after the change(s) in
BMP installation and/or implementation occur at the site, and
2) a notation must be included in the SWMP prior to the site change(s) that includes the time and date of the
change(s) in the field, an identification of the BMP(s) removed or added, and the location(s) of those BMP(s).
6. Inspections
Site inspections must be conducted in accordance with the following requirements and minimum schedules. The required
minimum inspection schedules do not reduce or eliminate the permittee’s responsibility to implement and maintain BMPs
in good and effective operational condition, and in accordance with the SWMP, which could require more frequent
inspections.
a) Minimum Inspection Schedule: The permittee shall, at a minimum, make a thorough inspection, in accordance
with the requirements in I.D.6.b below, at least once every 14 calendar days. Also, post-storm event inspections
must be conducted within 24 hours after the end of any precipitation or snowmelt event that causes surface erosion.
Provided the timing is appropriate, the post-storm inspections may be used to fulfill the 14-day routine inspection
requirement. A more frequent inspection schedule than the minimum inspections described may be necessary, to
ensure that BMPs continue to operate as needed to comply with the permit. The following conditional modifications
to this Minimum Inspection Schedule are allowed:
1) Post-Storm Event Inspections at Temporarily Idle Sites – If no construction activities will occur following a
storm event, post-storm event inspections shall be conducted prior to re-commencing construction activities,
but no later than 72 hours following the storm event. The occurrence of any such delayed inspection must be
documented in the inspection record. Routine inspections still must be conducted at least every 14 calendar
days.
2) Inspections at Completed Sites/Areas – For sites or portions of sites that meet the following criteria, but final
stabilization has not been achieved due to a vegetative cover that has not become established, the permittee
shall make a thorough inspection of their stormwater management system at least once every month, and post-
storm event inspections are not required. This reduced inspection schedule is only allowed if:
i) all construction activities that will result in surface ground disturbance are completed;
ii) all activities required for final stabilization, in accordance with the SWMP, have been completed, with
the exception of the application of seed that has not occurred due to seasonal conditions or the necessity
for additional seed application to augment previous efforts; and
iii) the SWMP has been amended to indicate those areas that will be inspected in accordance with the
reduced schedule allowed for in this paragraph.
PART I
Permit - Page 13
Permit No. COR-030000
D. TERMS AND CONDITIONS (cont.)
3) Winter Conditions Inspections Exclusion – Inspections are not required at sites where construction activities
are temporarily halted, snow cover exists over the entire site for an extended period, and melting conditions
posing a risk of surface erosion do not exist. This exception is applicable only during the period where melting
conditions do not exist, and applies to the routine 14-day and monthly inspections, as well as the post-storm-
event inspections. The following information must be documented in the inspection record for use of this
exclusion: dates when snow cover occurred, date when construction activities ceased, and date melting
conditions began. Inspections, as described above, are required at all other times.
When site conditions make the schedule required in this section impractical, the permittee may petition the Division
to grant an alternate inspection schedule.
b) Inspection Requirements
1) Inspection Scope - The construction site perimeter, all disturbed areas, material and/or waste storage areas that
are exposed to precipitation, discharge locations, and locations where vehicles access the site shall be inspected
for evidence of, or the potential for, pollutants leaving the construction site boundaries, entering the stormwater
drainage system, or discharging to state waters. All erosion and sediment control practices identified in the
SWMP shall be evaluated to ensure that they are maintained and operating correctly.
2) Inspection Report/Records - The permittee shall keep a record of inspections. Inspection reports must
identify any incidents of non-compliance with the terms and conditions of this permit. Inspection records must
be retained for three years from expiration or inactivation of permit coverage. At a minimum, the inspection
report must include:
i) The inspection date;
ii) Name(s) and title(s) of personnel making the inspection;
iii) Location(s) of discharges of sediment or other pollutants from the site;
iv) Location(s) of BMPs that need to be maintained;
v) Location(s) of BMPs that failed to operate as designed or proved inadequate for a particular location;
vi) Location(s) where additional BMPs are needed that were not in place at the time of inspection;
vii) Deviations from the minimum inspection schedule as provided in Part I.D.6.a above;
vii) Description of corrective action for items iii, iv, v, and vi, above, dates corrective action(s) taken, and
measures taken to prevent future violations, including requisite changes to the SWMP, as necessary; and
viii) After adequate corrective action(s) has been taken, or where a report does not identify any incidents
requiring corrective action, the report shall contain a signed statement indicating the site is in compliance
with the permit to the best of the signer’s knowledge and belief.
c) Required Actions Following Site Inspections – Where site inspections note the need for BMP maintenance
activities, BMPs must be maintained in accordance with the SWMP and Part I.D.7 of the permit. Repair,
replacement, or installation of new BMPs determined necessary during site inspections to address ineffective or
inadequate BMPs must be conducted in accordance with Part I.D.8 of the permit. SWMP updates required as a
result of deficiencies in the SWMP noted during site inspections shall be made in accordance with Part I.D.5.c of the
permit.
7. BMP Maintenance
All erosion and sediment control practices and other protective measures identified in the SWMP must be maintained in
effective operating condition. Proper selection and installation of BMPs and implementation of comprehensive Inspection
and Maintenance procedures, in accordance with the SWMP, should be adequate to meet this condition. BMPs that are not
adequately maintained in accordance with good engineering, hydrologic and pollution control practices, including removal
of collected sediment outside the acceptable tolerances of the BMPs, are considered to be no longer operating effectively
and must be addressed in accordance with Part I.D.8, below. A specific timeline for implementing maintenance
procedures is not included in this permit because BMP maintenance is expected to be proactive, not responsive.
Observations resulting in BMP maintenance activities can be made during a site inspection, or during general observations
of site conditions.
PART I
Permit - Page 14
Permit No. COR-030000
D. TERMS AND CONDITIONS (cont.)
8. Replacement and Failed BMPs
Adequate site assessment must be performed as part of comprehensive Inspection and Maintenance procedures, to assess
the adequacy of BMPs at the site, and the necessity of changes to those BMPs to ensure continued effective performance.
Where site assessment results in the determination that new or replacement BMPs are necessary, the BMPs must be
installed to ensure on-going implementation of BMPs as per Part I.D.2.
Where BMPs have failed, resulting in noncompliance with Part I.D.2, they must be addressed as soon as possible,
immediately in most cases, to minimize the discharge of pollutants.
When new BMPs are installed or BMPs are replaced, the SWMP must be updated in accordance with Part I.D.5(c).
9. Reporting
No scheduled reporting requirements are included in this permit; however, the Division reserves the right to request that a
copy of the inspection reports be submitted.
10. SWMP Availability
A copy of the SWMP shall be provided upon request to the Division, EPA, or any local agency in charge of approving
sediment and erosion plans, grading plans or stormwater management plans, and within the time frame specified in the
request. If the SWMP is required to be submitted to any of these entities, it must include a signed certification in
accordance with Part I.F.1 of the permit, certifying that the SWMP is complete and meets all permit requirements.
All SWMPs required under this permit are considered reports that shall be available to the public under Section 308(b) of
the CWA and Section 61.5(4) of the Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations. The permittee shall make plans
available to members of the public upon request. However, the permittee may claim any portion of a SWMP as
confidential in accordance with 40 CFR Part 2.
11. Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
If a TMDL has been approved for any waterbody into which the permittee discharges, and stormwater discharges
associated with construction activity have been assigned a pollutant-specific Wasteload Allocation (WLA) under the
TMDL, the Division will either:
a) Ensure that the WLA is being implemented properly through alternative local requirements, such as by a municipal
stormwater permit; or
b) Notify the permittee of the WLA, and amend the permittee’s certification to add specific BMPs and/or other
requirements, as appropriate. The permittee may be required to do the following:
1) Under the permittee’s SWMP, implement specific management practices based on requirements of the WLA,
and evaluate whether the requirements are being met through implementation of existing stormwater BMPs or
if additional BMPs are necessary. Document the calculations or other evidence that show that the requirements
are expected to be met; and
2) If the evaluation shows that additional or modified BMPs are necessary, describe the type and schedule for the
BMP additions/revisions.
Discharge monitoring may also be required. The permittee may maintain coverage under the general permit provided they
comply with the applicable requirements outlined above. The Division reserves the right to require individual or alternate
general permit coverage.
PART I
Permit - Page 15
Permit No. COR-030000
E. ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this permit:
1. Best Management Practices (BMPs): schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and
other management practices to prevent or reduce the pollution of waters of the State. BMPs also include treatment
requirements, operating procedures, pollution prevention, and practices to control site runoff, spillage or leaks, waste
disposal, or drainage from material storage.
2. Dedicated asphalt plants and concrete plants: portable asphalt plants and concrete plants that are located on or adjacent
to a construction site and that provide materials only to that specific construction site.
3. Final stabilization: when all ground surface disturbing activities at the site have been completed, and uniform vegetative
cover has been established with an individual plant density of at least 70 percent of pre-disturbance levels, or equivalent
permanent, physical erosion reduction methods have been employed. For purposes of this permit, establishment of a
vegetative cover capable of providing erosion control equivalent to pre-existing conditions at the site will be considered
final stabilization.
4. Municipal separate storm sewer system: a conveyance or system of conveyances (including: roads with drainage
systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, man-made channels, or storm drains), owned or operated
by a State, city, town, county, district, or other public body (created by state law), having jurisdiction over disposal of
sewage, industrial waste, stormwater, or other wastes; designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater.
5. Operator: the entity that has day-to-day supervision and control of activities occurring at the construction site. This can
be the owner, the developer, the general contractor or the agent of one of these parties, in some circumstances. It is
anticipated that at different phases of a construction project, different types of parties may satisfy the definition of
'operator' and that the permit may be transferred as the roles change.
6. Outfall: a point source at the point where stormwater leaves the construction site and discharges to a receiving water or a
stormwater collection system.
7. Part of a larger common plan of development or sale: a contiguous area where multiple separate and distinct
construction activities may be taking place at different times on different schedules.
8. Point source: any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance from which pollutants are or may be discharged. Point
source discharges of stormwater result from structures which increase the imperviousness of the ground which acts to
collect runoff, with runoff being conveyed along the resulting drainage or grading pattern.
9. Pollutant: dredged spoil, dirt, slurry, solid waste, incinerator residue, sewage, sewage sludge, garbage, trash, chemical
waste, biological nutrient, biological material, radioactive material, heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, or
any industrial, municipal or agricultural waste.
10. Process water: any water which, during manufacturing or processing, comes into contact with or results from the
production of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product, by product or waste product. This definition
includes mine drainage.
11. Receiving Water: any classified stream segment (including tributaries) in the State of Colorado into which stormwater
related to construction activities discharges. This definition includes all water courses, even if they are usually dry, such as
borrow ditches, arroyos, and other unnamed waterways.
12. Significant Materials include, but are not limited to: raw materials; fuels; materials such as solvents, detergents, and
plastic pellets; finished materials such as metallic products; raw materials used in food processing or production; hazardous
substances designated under section 101(14) of CERCLA; any chemical the facility is required to report pursuant to
section 313 of title III of SARA; fertilizers; pesticides; and waste products such as ashes, slag and sludge that have the
potential to be released with stormwater discharge.
13. Stormwater: precipitation-induced surface runoff.
PART I
Permit - Page 16
Permit No. COR-030000
F. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Signatory Requirements
a) All reports required for submittal shall be signed and certified for accuracy by the permittee in accordance with the
following criteria:
1) In the case of corporations, by a principal executive officer of at least the level of vice-president or his or her
duly authorized representative, if such representative is responsible for the overall operation of the facility from
which the discharge described in the form originates;
2) In the case of a partnership, by a general partner;
3) In the case of a sole proprietorship, by the proprietor;
4) In the case of a municipal, state, or other public facility, by either a principal executive officer, ranking elected
official, or other duly authorized employee, if such representative is responsible for the overall operation of the
facility from which the discharge described in the form originates.
b) Changes to authorization. If an authorization under paragraph a) of this section is no longer accurate because a
different individual or position has responsibility for the overall operation of the facility, a new authorization
satisfying the requirements of paragraph a) of this section must be submitted to the Division, prior to or together
with any reports, information, or applications to be signed by an authorized representative.
c) Certification. Any person signing a document under paragraph a) of this section shall make the following
certification:
“I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and
evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or
those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for
submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.”
2. Retention of Records
a) The permittee shall retain copies of the SWMP and all reports required by this permit and records of all data used to
complete the application to be covered by this permit, for three years after expiration or inactivation of permit
coverage.
b) The permittee shall retain a copy of the SWMP required by this permit at the construction site from the date of
project initiation to the date of expiration or inactivation of permit coverage, unless another location, specified by
the permittee, is approved by the Division.
3. Monitoring
The Division reserves the right to require sampling and testing, on a case-by-case basis (see Part I.D.1.e), for example to
implement the provisions of a TMDL (see Part I.D.11 of the permit). Reporting procedures for any monitoring data
collected will be included in the notification by the Division of monitoring requirements.
If monitoring is required, the following definitions apply:
a) The thirty (30) day average shall be determined by the arithmetic mean of all samples collected during a thirty (30)
consecutive-day period.
b) A grab sample, for monitoring requirements, is a single “dip and take” sample.
PART II
Permit - Page 17
Permit No. COR-030000
PART II
A. MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS
1. Amending a Permit Certification
The permittee shall inform the Division (Permits Section) in writing of changes to the information provided in the permit
application, including the legal contact, the project legal description or map originally submitted with the application, or
the planned total disturbed acreage. The permittee shall furnish the Division with any plans and specifications which the
Division deems reasonably necessary to evaluate the effect on the discharge and receiving stream. If applicable, this
notification may be accomplished through submittal of an application for a CDPS process water permit authorizing the
discharge. The SWMP shall be updated and implemented prior to the changes (see Part I.D.5.c).
Any discharge to the waters of the State from a point source other than specifically authorized by this permit or a different
CDPS permit is prohibited.
2. Special Notifications - Definitions
a) Spill: An unintentional release of solid or liquid material which may cause pollution of state waters.
b) Upset: An exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with permit discharge
limitations because of factors beyond the reasonable control of the permittee. An upset does not include
noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate
treatment facilities, lack of preventative maintenance, or careless or improper operation.
3. Noncompliance Notification
a) The permittee shall report the following instances of noncompliance:
1) Any noncompliance which may endanger health or the environment;
2) Any spill or discharge of hazardous substances or oil which may cause pollution of the waters of the state.
3) Any discharge of stormwater which may cause an exceedance of a water quality standard.
b) For all instances of noncompliance based on environmental hazards and chemical spills and releases, all needed
information must be provided orally to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment spill reporting
line (24-hour number for environmental hazards and chemical spills and releases: 1-877-518-5608) within 24 hours
from the time the permittee becomes aware of the circumstances.
For all other instances of noncompliance as defined in this section, all needed information must be provided orally to
the Water Quality Control Division within 24 hours from the time the permittee becomes aware of the
circumstances.
For all instances of noncompliance identified here, a written submission shall also be provided within 5 calendar
days of the time the permittee becomes aware of the circumstances. The written submission shall contain a
description of:
1) The noncompliance and its cause;
2) The period of noncompliance, including exact dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been
corrected, the anticipated time it is expected to continue;
3) Steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance.
PART II
Permit - Page 18
Permit No. COR-030000
A. MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS (cont.)
4. Submission of Incorrect or Incomplete Information
Where the permittee failed to submit any relevant facts in a permit application, or submitted incorrect information in a
permit application or report to the Division, or relevant new information becomes available, the permittee shall promptly
submit the relevant application information which was not submitted or any additional information needed to correct any
erroneous information previously submitted.
5. Bypass
a) A bypass, which causes effluent limitations (i.e., requirements to implement BMPs in accordance with Parts I.B.3
and I.D.2 of the permit) to be exceeded is prohibited, and the Division may take enforcement action against a
permittee for such a bypass, unless:
1) Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property damage;
2) There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities (e.g.,
alternative BMPs), retention of untreated wastes, or maintenance during normal periods of equipment
downtime. This condition is not satisfied if the permittee could have installed adequate backup equipment (e.g.,
implemented additional BMPs) to prevent a bypass which occurred during normal periods of equipment
downtime or preventative maintenance; and
3) The permittee submitted notices as required in "Non-Compliance Notification," Part II.A.3.
6. Upsets
a) Effect of an Upset: An upset constitutes an affirmative defense to an action brought for noncompliance with permit
limitations and requirements if the requirements of paragraph b of this section are met. (No determination made
during administrative review of claims that noncompliance was caused by upset, and before an action for
noncompliance, is final administrative action subject to judicial review.)
b) Conditions Necessary for a Demonstration of Upset: A permittee who wishes to establish the affirmative defense
of upset shall demonstrate through properly signed contemporaneous operating logs, or other relevant evidence that:
1) An upset occurred and that the permittee can identify the specific cause(s) of the upset;
2) The permitted facility was at the time being properly operated;
3) The permittee submitted notice of the upset as required in Part II.A.3. of this permit (24-hour notice); and
4) The permittee complied with any remedial measures required under 40 CFR Section 122.41(d) of the federal
regulations or Section 61.8(3)(h) of the Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations.
c) Burden of Proof: In any enforcement proceeding the permittee seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset has
the burden of proof.
7. Removed Substances
Solids, sludges, or other pollutants removed in the course of treatment or control of discharges shall be properly disposed
of in a manner such as to prevent any pollutant from such materials from entering waters of the State.
8. Minimization of Adverse Impact
The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize any adverse impact to waters of the State resulting from
noncompliance with any terms and conditions specified in this permit, including such accelerated or additional monitoring
as necessary to determine the nature and impact of the noncomplying discharge.
PART II
Permit - Page 19
Permit No. COR-030000
A. MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS (cont.)
9. Reduction, Loss, or Failure of Stormwater Controls
The permittee has the duty to halt or reduce any activity if necessary to maintain compliance with the permit requirements.
Upon reduction, loss, or failure of any stormwater controls, the permittee shall, to the extent necessary to maintain
compliance with its permit, control production, or remove all pollutant sources from exposure to stormwater, or both, until
the stormwater controls are restored or an alternative method of treatment/control is provided.
It shall not be a defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would be necessary to halt or reduce the permitted
activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions of this permit.
10. Proper Operation and Maintenance
The permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment and control (and
related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the permittee to achieve compliance with the conditions of this
permit. Proper operation and maintenance includes effective performance, adequate funding, adequate operator staffing
and training, and adequate laboratory and process controls, including appropriate quality assurance procedures. This
provision requires the operation of back-up or auxiliary facilities or similar systems only when necessary to achieve
compliance with the conditions of the permit.
B. RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Inspections and Right to Entry
The permittee shall allow the Director of the State Water Quality Control Division, the EPA Regional Administrator,
and/or their authorized representative(s), upon the presentation of credentials:
a) To enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or in which any records are
required to be kept under the terms and conditions of this permit;
b) At reasonable times to have access to and copy any records required to be kept under the terms and conditions of
this permit and to inspect any monitoring equipment or monitoring method required in the permit; and
c) To enter upon the permittee's premises to investigate, within reason, any actual, suspected, or potential source of
water pollution, or any violation of the Colorado Water Quality Control Act. The investigation may include, but is
not limited to, the following: sampling of any discharge and/or process waters, the taking of photographs,
interviewing permittee staff on alleged violations and other matters related to the permit, and access to any and all
facilities or areas within the permittee's premises that may have any effect on the discharge, permit, or any alleged
violation.
2. Duty to Provide Information
The permittee shall furnish to the Division, within the time frame specified by the Division, any information which the
Division may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking and reissuing, or inactivating coverage
under this permit, or to determine compliance with this permit. The permittee shall also furnish to the Division, upon
request, copies of records required to be kept by this permit.
3. Transfer of Ownership or Control
Certification under this permit may be transferred to a new permittee if:
a) The current permittee notifies the Division in writing when the transfer is desired as outlined in Part I.A.7; and
b) The notice includes a written agreement between the existing and new permittees containing a specific date for
transfer of permit responsibility, coverage and liability between them; and
c) The current permittee has met all fee requirements of the Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations, Section
61.15.
PART II
Permit - Page 20
Permit No. COR-030000
B. RESPONSIBILITIES (cont.)
4. Modification, Suspension, or Revocation of Permit By Division
All permit modification, inactivation or revocation and reissuance actions shall be subject to the requirements of the
Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations, Sections 61.5(2), 61.5(3), 61.7 and 61.15, 5 C.C.R. 1002-61, except for
minor modifications.
a) This permit, and/or certification under this permit, may be modified, suspended, or revoked in whole or in part
during its term for reasons determined by the Division including, but not limited to, the following:
1) Violation of any terms or conditions of the permit;
2) Obtaining a permit by misrepresentation or failing to disclose any fact which is material to the granting or
denial of a permit or to the establishment of terms or conditions of the permit;
3) Materially false or inaccurate statements or information in the application for the permit;
4) Promulgation of toxic effluent standards or prohibitions (including any schedule of compliance specified in
such effluent standard or prohibition) which are established under Section 307 of the Clean Water Act, where
such a toxic pollutant is present in the discharge and such standard or prohibition is more stringent than any
limitation for such pollutant in this permit.
b) This permit, and/or certification under this permit, may be modified in whole or in part due to a change in any
condition that requires either a temporary or permanent reduction or elimination of the permitted discharge, such as:
1) Promulgation of Water Quality Standards applicable to waters affected by the permitted discharge; or
2) Effluent limitations or other requirements applicable pursuant to the State Act or federal requirements; or
3) Control regulations promulgated; or
4) Other available information indicates a potential for violation of adopted Water Quality Standards or stream
classifications.
c) This permit, or certification under this permit, may be modified in whole or in part to include new effluent
limitations and other appropriate permit conditions where data submitted pursuant to Part I indicate that such
effluent limitations and permit conditions are necessary to ensure compliance with applicable water quality
standards and protection of classified uses.
d) At the request of the permittee, the Division may modify or inactivate certification under this permit if the following
conditions are met:
1) In the case of inactivation, the permittee notifies the Division of its intent to inactivate the certification, and
certifies that the site has been finally stabilized;
2) In the case of inactivation, the permittee has ceased any and all discharges to state waters and demonstrates to
the Division there is no probability of further uncontrolled discharge(s) which may affect waters of the State.
3) The Division finds that the permittee has shown reasonable grounds consistent with the Federal and State
statutes and regulations for such modification, amendment or inactivation;
4) Fee requirements of Section 61.15 of the Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations have been met; and
5) Applicable requirements of public notice have been met.
For small construction sites covered by a Qualifying Local Program, coverage under this permit is automatically
terminated when a site has been finally stabilized.
PART II
Permit - Page 21
Permit No. COR-030000
B. RESPONSIBILITIES (cont.)
5. Permit Violations
Failure to comply with any terms and/or conditions of this permit shall be a violation of this permit.
Dischargers of stormwater associated with industrial activity, as defined in the EPA Stormwater Regulation (40 CFR
122.26(b)(14) and Section 61.3(2) of the Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations, which do not obtain coverage
under this or other Colorado general permits, or under an individual CDPS permit regulating industrial stormwater, will be
in violation of the federal Clean Water Act and the Colorado Water Quality Control Act, 25-8-101, as amended. Failure to
comply with CDPS permit requirements will also constitute a violation.
6. Legal Responsibilities
The issuance of this permit does not convey any property or water rights in either real or personal property, or stream
flows, or any exclusive privileges, nor does it authorize any injury to private property or any invasion of personal rights,
nor any infringement of Federal, State or local laws or regulations.
Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or relieve the permittee from any
responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties established pursuant to any applicable State law or regulation under authority
granted by Section 510 of the Clean Water Act.
7. Severability
The provisions of this permit are severable. If any provisions of this permit, or the application of any provision of this
permit to any circumstance, are held invalid, the application of such provision to other circumstances and the application of
the remainder of this permit shall not be affected.
8. Renewal Application
If the permittee desires to continue to discharge, a permit renewal application shall be submitted at least ninety (90) days
before this permit expires. If the permittee anticipates that there will be no discharge after the expiration date of this
permit, the Division should be promptly notified so that it can inactivate the certification in accordance with Part II.B.4.d.
9. Confidentiality
Except for data determined to be confidential under Section 308 of the Federal Clean Water Act and Colorado Discharge
Permit System Regulations, Section 61.5(4), all reports prepared in accordance with the terms of this permit shall be
available for public inspection at the offices of the Division. The permittee must state what is confidential at the time of
submittal.
Any information relating to any secret process, method of manufacture or production, or sales or marketing data which has
been declared confidential by the permittee, and which may be acquired, ascertained, or discovered, whether in any
sampling investigation, emergency investigation, or otherwise, shall not be publicly disclosed by any member, officer, or
employee of the Commission or the Division, but shall be kept confidential. Any person seeking to invoke the protection
of this section shall bear the burden of proving its applicability. This section shall never be interpreted as preventing full
disclosure of effluent data.
10. Fees
The permittee is required to submit payment of an annual fee as set forth in the Water Quality Control Act. Failure to
submit the required fee when due and payable is a violation of the permit and will result in enforcement action pursuant to
Section 25-8-60l et. seq., C.R.S. l973 as amended.
PART II
Permit - Page 22
Permit No. COR-030000
B. RESPONSIBILITIES (cont.)
11. Requiring an Individual CDPS Permit
The Director may require the permittee to apply for and obtain an individual or alternate general CDPS permit if:
a) The discharger is not in compliance with the conditions of this general permit;
b) Conditions or standards have changed so that the discharge no longer qualifies for a general permit; or
c) Data/information become available which indicate water quality standards may be violated.
The permittee must be notified in writing that an application for an individual or alternate general CDPS permit is required.
When an individual or alternate general CDPS permit is issued to an operator otherwise covered under this general permit,
the applicability of this general permit to that operator is automatically inactivated upon the effective date of the individual
or alternate general CDPS permit.
October 2011
Appendix B
Revegetation Manual
Grand River Gathering, LLC i
Grand River Gathering, LLC
Revegetation Manual
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 1
1.0 Fertilization ........................................................................................................................................ 1
2.0 Soil Preparation ................................................................................................................................ 2
2a. Disking ............................................................................................................................................. 2
2b. Chisel Plowing .............................................................................................................................. 2
2c. Subsoiling ....................................................................................................................................... 2
2d. Harrowing ....................................................................................................................................... 2
2e. Cultipacking ................................................................................................................................... 3
3.0 Drill Seeding ....................................................................................................................................... 3
3a. Equipment ...................................................................................................................................... 3
3b. Methods of Use ............................................................................................................................. 3
4.0 Broadcast Seeding ........................................................................................................................... 5
5.0 Hydroseeding ..................................................................................................................................... 5
6.0 Seed Planting Rates and Species Selection for Individual Seed Mixtures .................. 5
7.0 Seed Quality ....................................................................................................................................... 6
8.0 Seed Storage ...................................................................................................................................... 7
9.0 Seeding Dates for the Raton Basin ............................................................................................ 7
10.0 Seed Germination .......................................................................................................................... 7
11.0 Seeding Success ............................................................................................................................. 7
12.0 Seed Mixtures for the Raton Basin .......................................................................................... 8
13.0 Mulching and Erosion Control ................................................................................................... 8
14.0 Maintenance of Seeded Areas ................................................................................................... 8
APPENDIX A: SEED MIXTURE CHARTS WITH GEOGRAPHIC PHOTOS .......................... 9
APPENDIX B: EQUIPMENT PHOTOS ............................................................................ 10
Photo 1: Three Point Spreader .....................................................................................................10
Photo 2: Fertilizer Buggy Wagon ................................................................................................10
Photo 3: Tandem Disk .....................................................................................................................11
Photo 4: Rhome Offset Construction Disk ...............................................................................11
Photo 5: Chisel Plow – Brillion 8’ ................................................................................................12
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Photo 6: Chisel Plow – John Deere .............................................................................................12
Photo 7: Subsoiler – John Deere .................................................................................................13
Photo 8: Spike Tooth Harrow .......................................................................................................13
Photo 9: Flex-tine Tooth Harrow.................................................................................................14
Photo 10: Spring Tooth Harrow ...................................................................................................14
Photo 11: Cultipacker – Brillion ...................................................................................................15
Photo 12: Truax Brand Drill Seeder ...........................................................................................15
Photo 13: Horizon Brand Drill Seeder .......................................................................................16
Photo 14: Close-up of Double Disk Furrow Openers and Depth Bands ........................16
Photo 15: Press Wheels ..................................................................................................................17
Photo 16: Drag Chains in Transport Position .........................................................................17
Photo 17: Trashy Seed Box Picker Wheels ..............................................................................18
Photo 18: Small Grain Standard Seed Box/Seed Cups .......................................................18
Photo 19: Seed Drill Gear Assembly ..........................................................................................19
Photo 20: Seed Tubes ......................................................................................................................19
Photo 21: Hand Broadcast Seeder ..............................................................................................20
Photo 22: Hydroseeder – 3000 Gallon Tank ...........................................................................20
Photo 23: Hydroseeder with Gun Operator .............................................................................21
Photo 24: Seed Tag ..........................................................................................................................21
Grand River Gathering, LLC 1
Grand River Gathering, LLC
Revegetation Manual
Introduction
The objective of a revegetation program is to establish a diverse self sustaining vegetative
cover that provides for erosion control and a productive land use. There is not a single best
method to revegetation practices. This is why revegetation is considered “an Art and a
Science”. As many revegetation practitioners have said in the past it is better to be lucky
than good. Meaning that the most critical ingredient needed to complete the cycle of
revegetation is adequate and timely rainfall. Achieving successful revegetation of a disturbed
area is even more complicated than a successful crop from dry land farming. Farming
practices are normally completed on land that has prime soil for plant growth and consist of
cereal grain crops that are easier to grow than native grasses.
This manual is for the layman who needs to understand revegetation as part of their job
duties with Grand River Gathering, LLC, but does not necessarily have the college degree or
hands on experience to complete this type of work. This manual will present steps and
options that will help increase the chances of successful revegetation. There are sections
that outline methods and materials needed to accomplish revegetation on differing site
conditions.
1.0 Fertilization
Fertilization of areas to be revegetated is often times a consideration. Soil tests of the areas
to be seeded are the best way to determine if fertilizer is needed. The major nutrients
needed by native vegetation for growth are Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. Nitrogen
is for top growth of plants, Phosphorus is for root growth, and Potassium is for the overall
health and vigor of plants. All fertilizer will list the nutrients in the order of Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, and Potassium or N-P-K. For example a product listed as 18-46-0 will contain
18% Nitrogen, 46% Phosphorus, and 0% Potassium.
Nitrogen may not be at desirable levels in the soil at the time of seeding. However, research
has shown that adding nitrogen at the time of seeding can often times increase the growth
and cover of weed species at the expense of the desirable, seeded species. Also, nitrogen
can not be metabolized by native grasses until they are approximately one year old. For
these reasons, most experienced revegetation specialists will not recommend the use of
nitrogen at the time of seeding. Instead, they will tend to place nitrogen fixing legumes in
the seed mixture. These legumes will pull nitrogen from the atmosphere and provide it later
to other plants such as grasses.
Phosphorus most likely will be the limiting nutrient in the soil. It is advisable to add
phosphorus prior to soil tillage and work it into the soil to a depth of 6 to 8 inches.
Most native soils in Colorado contain optimum levels of potassium. Therefore, potassium
should very seldom if ever be needed in the Colorado Fields.
Fertilizer is typically applied using a Three Point Hitch Tractor Mounted Spreader or Fertilizer
Buggy Wagon Implement (See photo #’s 1 and 2: Three Point Spreader and Fertilizer
Buggy Wagon). Both of these styles of spreaders are considered broadcast spreaders. Their
width of application is typically between 10 and 30 feet. The amount of fertilizer applied per
acre is controlled by a slide gate opening on the bottom of the spreader.
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2.0 Soil Preparation
Soil Preparation is a critical first step to revegetation. The objective is to have the surface 8
inches of soil loose enough to allow for root growth and firm enough on the surface for good
seed to soil contact. The soil surface should also be relatively free of rocks, debris, and dirt
clods greater than 3 inches in diameter. Too much debris, rock, and clods will prohibit proper
seed placement.
There are several types of implements that can be pulled behind farm tractors or small
dozers to till the soil. These consist of disk, chisel plows, subsoilers, and harrows. The
working widths commercially available for soil preparation implements typically vary 6 feet to
over 20 feet. The working width of implements used by contractors is typically based on site
access and size. Also, smaller contractors may have a limited number and size of tillage
implements in their equipment fleet.
2a. Disking
Disks are normally used where there is significant surface compaction and the soil needs to
be tilled to loosen and large soil clods need to be broken down. Disks also are used where
there is a concern of bringing more rock up to the soil surface as will occur with chisels,
rippers, and subsoilers. Disks should not be used alone where extreme subsoil compaction
exist. There are offset disks and tandem disks available on the market. Tandem disks turn
the soil twice and offset disks move the soil in opposing directions and help level the surface
(See photo #’s 3 and 4: Tandem Disk and Rhome Offset Construction Disk). On very rough
sites a Rhome brand construction type disk is recommended because of the weight of the
disk and its ability to withstand rough conditions (See photo #4: Rhome Offset Construction
Disk). A heavy construction disk normally needs to be pulled behind a mid-size dozer or large
4WD tractor because of its weight and soil penetration ability.
2b. Chisel Plowing
A chisel plow cuts through the soil and helps to eliminate soil compaction to a depth of
approximately 8 inches (See photo #’s 5 and 6: Chisel Plow). Chisel plowing to a shallower
depth can help cut off and kill weeds. Some rock and clod material can be brought to the soil
surface during this operation. If a significant amount of clods are brought up to the soil
surface then a cultipacker (See Section 2e.) should be utilized to break clods back down prior
to seeding.
2c. Subsoiling
Subsoiling is used to break up compacted soil layers 6 to 24 inches in depth (See photo #7:
Subsoiler). Subsoiling helps to improve water infiltration and aerates subsoil layers to
encourage root penetration. Subsoiling can bring up significant large clods in zones with
heavy clays and compacted zones. Cultipacking (See Section 2e.) will need to follow
subsoiling when large volumes of clods greater than 3 inches are brought to the soil surface.
2d. Harrowing
Harrows lightly scratch the ground to loosen a shallow layer of soil (4 inches or shallower).
The three styles of harrows consist of a spike tooth harrow (See photo #8), flex-tine tooth
harrow (See photo #9), and spring tooth harrow (See photo #10). Harrows should only be
used on loose friable soils that do not require deep tillage. Harrows can be used to remove
undesirable vegetation such as weeds that will interfere with seeding operations. Harrows will
break up surface crust and generally break up clods of topsoil material, but not hard and
massive subsoil material. Harrows are excellent for preparing a seedbed for small seeds such
as forbs and some shrub seeds.
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2e. Cultipacking
Cultipackers consist of front rollers that are an open mesh, a middle set of rippers, and a
back set of rollers with knurled edges (See photo #11: Cultipacker). The front set of rollers
crushes clods, the rippers bring additional clod material to the soil surface, and the rear roller
crushes remaining clods and firms the soil surface.
3.0 Drill Seeding
3a. Equipment
Drill seeders are implements that are towed behind an agricultural seeder or small crawler
dozer (See photo #’s 12 and 13: Truax and Horizon Brand Drills). Drill seeding is considered
the optimum means of planting grasses, forbs, and most shrub seed. Rangeland type drill
seeders used for planting native vegetation should have several critical features or
components. This includes three seed boxes, double disk furrow openers equipped with
depth bands, press wheels or drag chains (See photo #’s 14, 15, and 16: Close-up of Double
Disk Furrow Openers and Depth Bands, Press Wheels, and Drag Chains in Transport
Position).
The drill seeder should be equipped with three different seed boxes: A legume box is
needed for small seed such as wildflowers, alfalfa, sweet clover, etc., a trashy seed box with
aggressive picker wheels for handling trashy seed such as bluestems and gramas (See photo
#17: Trashy Seed Box Picker Wheels), and a standard seed box used for flowable seeds
such as wheat grasses and small grains (See photo #18: Small Grain Standard Seed
Box/Seed Cups). Most native grass drill seeders come in 8 to 10 foot planting widths.
The seed drill is activated by a series of gears and chains that are attached to one of the drill
wheels on the drill (See photo #19: Seed Drill Gear Assembly). When the drive wheel is
activated it turns the gears which turn the shafts that run through the seed boxes. The seed
gravity feeds into seed cups that are attached to the shaft (See photo #18: Small Grain
Standard Seed Box/Seed Cups). The trashy seed box has an extra shaft that runs above the
seed cup shaft and has an aggressive picker spiral agitator wheel which forces the seed
down to the seed cup so it does not simply float in the seed box (See photo #17: Trashy
Seed Box Picker Wheels). The seed from all seed boxes falls through a hole in the seed box
where a flexible rubber tube is connected between the bottom of the seed box and the
double disk furrow openers (See photo #20: Seed Tubes). The double disk furrow openers,
as the name implies, opens a small trench in the soil that the seed falls into. As the drill
moves forward the seed is covered with soil and pressed into the ground by the press wheels
or drag chains (See photo #’s 15 and 16: Press Wheels and Drag Chains in Transport
Position). It is very important that the seed is planted to the right depth and the seed is
pressed into the soil firmly to press out air and allow the seed to absorb moisture as it
becomes available to help germinate the seed. The double disk is attached to a lift arm
assembly that allows it to roll and float over minor obstacles in the ground such as small
rocks tree branches, and dirt clods. The drill should be lifted up by using the hydraulic
cylinder when large rocks and debris are encountered in the drills path. While rangeland type
drill seeders are built to handle tough conditions they can be high maintenance and require a
supply of extra parts in the field when breakdowns occur.
3b. Methods of Use
Drill seeders should be calibrated for use on a small area before all seeding is completed.
Most manufacturers of drill seeding equipment can provide general guidelines as to the
amount of seed output by seed box for flowable seeds versus trashy seeds. Calibration will
help ensure that the proper amount of Pure Live Seed (PLS) is planted. PLS of any given
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vegetation species is determined by a registered seed testing laboratory. Individual seeds
from individual species are normally placed in a growth chamber to determine the
percentage of seeds that will germinate, For example, if 100 seeds are placed in a growth
chamber and forced to germinate and only 90 germinate, the germination percentage is
considered 90%. Purity is the measure of viable seed and separates out inert material , weed
seed (not more than 1% according to federal regulations) and other crop seed. Therefore,
the total viable seed is the percent by count that will germinate. The following example
provides an illustration of a method of calculating an amount of seed to be planted which
takes into account the variation of seed germination and purity of the seed source :
Example of a Pure Live Seed (PLS) Calculation:
A recommended seed mixture requires that 5 lbs. (PLS) of intermediate wheatgrass
be planted:
Intermediate wheatgrass germination = 80%
Intermediate wheatgrass purity = 90%
80% X 90% (PLS) = 0.72
5 lbs (PLS) to be planted = Approximately 7 lbs of bagged
0.72 (PLS factor) seed should be included in the
mixture so that 5 lbs of PLS will
be planted.
Thus, a seed species PLS factor is based on germination X purity. In order to plant one PLS
pound of a species you may end up planting 1.6 to 2.0 times more seed which is considered
the bulk seed amount.
The operator should first decide whether to have the seed mixture divided by trashy vs.
flowable species or to combine the species and utilize both seed boxes to achieve proper
seed output. It is best to consult with your seed dealer to determine just how trashy or fluffy
the seed will be. There are several different opinions in the industry as to how to calibrate a
native grass seed drill. The most elaborate method of calibration involves jacking up the drill
and spinning the drive wheel the number of revolutions that represent an acre. Seed is
caught from one of the seed tubes and weighed after spinning the gauge wheel and the seed
weight for one tube is converted into the fraction of an acre that the tube represents. Most
drill seeders contain either a slide bar with number settings or gear ratios with numbers to
increase or decrease the seed output. These adjustments should be m ade if more than a 10
% variance of less seed than required occurs. Also, adjustments should be made for too
much seed being put down which can be a costly mistake as well as plant ing too much seed
for what the soil and environment will support.
The simplest way to calibrate a seed drill is to place two acres worth of seed in the seed box
and drill seed ½ acre. Fill the seed box back up to the height it existed with two acres worth
of material. Next determine if you had to fill more than a ½ acre of material or less than, or
you were right on with the calibration. Be aware that if you had to place less seed back in the
box, than the volume you started with, you are not seeding enough. Calibration of a seed
drill can change overnight if seed is left in the drill. Seed may settle in the seed box causing a
slight amount of packing and humidity can change the way seed flows from the drill. It is
best to finish out the seed in the seed box by the end of the day and start fresh the next
day. Remember to check the calibration of the drill at least every 10 acres or each time you
refill the drill. Always keep the drill boxes full enough that the seed feeds properly.
Grand River Gathering, LLC 5
Remember when seeding on side slopes that seed can slide to the down hill side of the seed
box leaving little or no seed to be planted on the high side of the drill. Most drills come
equipped with divider boxes to keep seed from sliding all the way to the low end of the drill.
If the seed drill does not have divider boxes think of ways to place sheet metal or even card
board in the drill to divide it into at least three different compartments.
All drill seeding should be completed parallel to slopes or on the slope contour . Drill seeding
up and down a slope can result in accelerating erosion after rainfall since the indentations
from the drill rows help to concentrate flow and accelerate soil movement down hill. Most
native grass species and forbs germinate best if seeded to a depth of ¼ to ½ inch. Most
depth bands on drills are set at ½ inch so the seed can not be planted any deeper.
4.0 Broadcast Seeding
Broadcast seeding is typically done where steep slopes prohibit safe operation of a farm
tractor or the soil surface is covered with large rock that cannot be economically removed.
Hand seeding may be needed in small, tight access areas where machinery cannot effectively
operate. Broadcast seeding can be performed either with a hand seeder (See photo #21:
Hand Broadcast Seeder) or tractor mounted spreader (See photo #1: Three Point Spreader).
Broadcast spreaders typically spread an even swath of seed onto the soil surface. Depending
on the roughness of the ground, the seed can end up at various depths in the soil. Broadcast
seeding by hand or machine alone will not typically provide good results unless the seed is
covered with soil. Broadcast seeding with a tractor s hould be followed by using a flex harrow
to cover the seed with soil. Hand broadcast seeding should be followed by hand raking with a
hard tine rake. In both cases the seed should not be raked deeper than ½ inch into the
ground.
5.0 Hydroseeding
Hydroseeding is completed with an actual hydroseeder machine. Most people in the industry
use the term hydroseeder/hydromulcher interchangeably since they do both operations (See
photo #22: Hydroseeder – 3000 Gallon Tank). A hydroseeder/hydromulcher machine consists
of a water tank equipped with a motor that operates a hydraulic agitation system. The top of
the machine contains a turret or gun where the seed is discharged (See photo #23:
Hydroseeder with Gun Operator). The operator will mix the seed and a small amount of
hydromulch in the tanker. The green dyed hydromulch will help the operator see the sprayed
area during the seeding operation. The objective of using the hydraulic pressure of the
machine is to use enough force from the engine RPM’s to shoot or push the seed into the
ground. If the seed is not adequately covered with soil, hand raking of the area or slope
harrowing should be employed.
6.0 Seed Planting Rates and Species Selection for Individual Seed Mixtures
Establishing seed mixtures and planting rates for different native grass, forbs, and shrub
seeds is normally done by a revegetation specialist, soil scientist, plant ecologist, or
agronomist. These professionals have several years of experience in knowing how many
pounds of each type of seed are needed to increase the chances of revegetation success.
Any expert in the revegetation industry knows that there are no absolutes in designing a
seed mixture. Designing a seed mixture combines both an “Art and a Science”.
The consultant takes into account what vegetation species are currently growing by
vegetation zone on the site. A native vegetation zone or community is controlled by several
environmental factors including elevation, degree of slope, aspect of slope (East, west, north,
Grand River Gathering, LLC 6
or south facing), soil type (for example sandy or clayey), and the amount of precipitation that
the area receives each year. Vegetation communities will typically have at least two grass
species to as many as eight species. Shrub and forbs species will also typically be present.
There should be at least three grass species in a revegetation seed mixture. Having a
number of species in the mixture will promote diversity in the final vegetative cover and will
reduce the risk of revegetation failure if one or more of the species does not adapt to site
conditions.
Typically a consultant will base the poundage of each species on several factors. Some
species are hard to establish and may require higher poundage of seed to have a chance to
establish. Some species may be easy to establish and are seeded at a higher rate to ensure
some initial vegetation cover after seeding. Some vegetation species are very aggressive and
should represent a small percentage of the seed mixture or they will dominate the site. Each
vegetation species has a different number of seeds per pound. For example, Western Wheat
Grass has approximately 110,000 seeds per pound while Blue Grama has 825,000 seeds per
pound. There are different opinions with scientist as to how much seed to plant on an acre or
square foot basis. Typically, the number of seeds planted per square foot is a consideration.
Chenoweth & Associates believes that 30 to 75 seeds per square foot should be planted on
any site. Others believe that 144 seeds per square foot should be planted on any site,
especially steeper windblown slopes. The higher number of seeds per square foot could be
based on the risk of loosing seed to water erosion on steep hill sides or wind erosion in high
wind prone areas. Higher seeding rates could also be based on very good topsoil
replacement that will allow a site to support more vegetation.
The general role of thumb for hydroseeding and broadcast seeding is to double the drill seed
rate of seed. This rule was established since broadcast and hydroseeding does not typically
provide for optimum seed placement and planting depth as compared to drill seeding.
A seed mixture at a minimum will consist of native grasses and forbs. As previously
mentioned at least three grass species should be in any revegetation seed mixture. The
operator (such as Grand River Gathering), landowner (either private landowner or federal
agencies such as the Forest Service or BLM), and Revegetation Specialist typically consult
with one another to determine what the seed mixture should contain. These individuals or
organization will determine if the seed mixture should contain only grasses or whether shrub
and forbs seed should be added to the seed mixture as well. Typically cost of seed is a
driving factor on deciding if these species are added to a seed mixture.
7.0 Seed Quality
Seed purchased from a reputable seed dealer should contain a seed tag that provides the
germination and purity of each species in the bag. The seed tag should also indicate the Lot
number of the seed (See photo #24: Seed Tag). The lot number is to document where and
when the seed was harvested. The seed supplier should supply seed that has been tested
within one year of the purchase date.
Grand River Gathering, LLC 7
8.0 Seed Storage
Seed should be properly stored until it is used. Seed should be kept in a cool dark
environment. The temperature in the storage area should never exceed 85ºF for enclosed
containers and 90ºF for good ventilated storage. Seed is not typically impacted by freezing
temperatures and in fact some seeds benefit from cold and heat scarification in order to
germinate. Seed which becomes wet for any period of time exceeding 48 hours should not be
used. If seed is stored over winter or for any extended period of time should be retested.
Some seed species will decrease in germination percentage faster than others. Additional
seed of some species may have to be purchased and reblended into the original seed mixture
to bring the mixture back up to the proper PLS rate desired.
9.0 Seeding Dates for Colorado Oil & Gas Fields
Desirable seeding dates are typically tied to periods when precipitation will closely follow the
actual seed planting. Moisture in the Colorado oil & gas fields typically comes during the
summer monsoon period which occurs in July and winter rain or snow which is highest in
January, February and March. Seeding needs to be completed when the soil is not frozen or
wet. Therefore, consultants feel that optimum seeding dates are early in the spring until May
1, mid-July until September 1, and after the first heavy frost until permanent ground freeze.
These dates do not always coincide with construction schedules and the urgency to see d
after earth work is completed to help control erosion. There are times that seeding a cover
crop during a poor seeding period may be beneficial. There are several sterile hybrid seeds
on the market today that germinate easily as long as there is some degree of soil moisture
available. They are considered sterile since they will not reseed themselves. These hybrids
are called treticale. They are typically a cross between winter wheat and a wheatgrass.
10.0 Seed Germination
Depending on the vegetation species, germination can occur as soon as 10 days after
seeding. Germination is dependent on adequate soil moisture and soil temperature. Normally
grass seed needs at least 54ºF surface soil temperature to germinate. These temperatures
should exist from late April until late August in the Colorado oil & gas fields depending on
elevation and soil shading. Germination of all species can often times take several days or
weeks depending on the number of species in the seed mixture. Again, this assumes there is
adequate soil moisture in addition to proper soil temperatures for seed germination. At the
time of peak germination flush as many as 10 to 20 seedlings per square foot may be
present. Approximately 75% of the seedlings die off shortly after germination as the plants
reach equilibrium of what the soils moisture and nutrient levels will support. If hot dry
periods follow germination, some or all of the grasses and forbs may die. A further discussion
of this situation is provided in the following section.
11.0 Seeding Success
After germination occurs, new seedlings are very dependent on continued available soil
moisture to survive. Some grass species are more susceptible to desiccation and die back
than others. Thus, if adequate and timely precipitation does not occur during the first
growing season failure of the revegetation may occur. This is why it is very important to use
the proper materials and procedures identified throughout this report.
There are at least two university research units that agree on determining revegetation
success after the first growing season. Typically, 3 to 4 live healthy seedlings per square foot
after the first growing season will yield long term revegetation success. These seedlings will
ultimately yield approximately 40% to 60% canopy cover after the plants mature.
Grand River Gathering, LLC 8
12.0 Seed Mixtures for the Colorado Oil & Gas Fields
Seed mixtures will have to be prepared for use in the Colorado oil & gas fields of Grand River
Gathering, LLC pipelines, facilities, etc. These seed mixtures will be site specific to the
ecosystems present. See Appendix A – Seed Mixture Charts with geographic photos for the
seven zones of the Colorado oil & gas fields.
13.0 Mulching and Erosion Control
Conserving soil moisture and controlling surface erosion are very important during seedling
establishment. Lack of proper erosion control can result in seed being washed away before it
germinates. Mulch materials can help conserve soil moisture and reduce erosion. Mulch
materials also provide other beneficial functions. They include increasing moisture infiltration
from rain and snow, cooling the soil surface, and providing valuable soil organic matter to
increase soil structure.
Several different types of mulch materials can be used for revegetation purposes. The most
common ones used are hay/straw mulch, hydromulch, Flexible Growth Medium and Bonded
Fiber Matrix. There are also several types of roll out erosion control blankets that are
available to be used in place of mulches on steep slope areas, drainage areas, and stream
channels.
Erosion control is now required by federal and state laws on most disturbed construction
sites and falls under what is called Storm Water Management Permitting. A separate report
was prepared for Grand River Gathering, LLC dealing with education on Storm Water
Management Planning and Permitting. An extensive list of mulching and erosion control
products is discussed in this report.
14.0 Maintenance of Seeded Areas
Maintenance of seeded areas includes weed control, erosion control, and touch up seeding.
Most newly seeded sites require these maintenance operations during the first growing
season to help insure successful revegetation. In general weed control should be employed
anytime weed cover exceeds 20% canopy cover. Site specifics will vary; sometimes 20%
weed canopy cover may be desirable. Mechanical weed control must be used immediately
after seeding is completed and most likely until the second growing season. Mechanical weed
control consists of mowing or hand pulling weeds. Herbicide applications will kill new
seedlings and seed in the ground. Herbicides can only be used after the vegetation becomes
established at mature height. Reseeding or touch up seeding should occur after adequate
time for germination and when bare spots greater than 10 square feet exist. A more
extensive discussion of maintenance of seeded areas and weed control can be found in Oil &
Gas Field Specific Revegetation Plans.
Grand River Gathering, LLC 9
APPENDIX A: SEED MIXTURE CHARTS WITH GEOGRAPHIC PHOTOS
APPENDIX A: SEED MIXTURE CHARTS WITH GEOGRAPHIC PHOTOS
Seed Mixture # 1 = to be developed per field area
Seed Mixture # 2 = to be developed per field area
Seed Mixture # 3 = to be developed per field area
Seed Mixture # 4 = to be developed per field area
Seed Mixture # 5 = to be developed per field area
Seed Mixture # 6 = to be developed per field area
Seed Mixture # 7 = to be developed per field area
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APPENDIX B: EQUIPMENT PHOTOS
Photo 1: Three Point Spreader
Photo 2: Fertilizer Buggy Wagon
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Photo 3: Tandem Disk
Photo 4: Rhome Offset Construction Disk
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Photo 5: Chisel Plow – Brillion 8’
Photo 6: Chisel Plow – John Deere
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Photo 7: Subsoiler – John Deere
Photo 8: Spike Tooth Harrow
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Photo 9: Flex-tine Tooth Harrow
Photo 10: Spring Tooth Harrow
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Photo 11: Cultipacker – Brillion
Photo 12: Truax Brand Drill Seeder
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Photo 13: Horizon Brand Drill Seeder
Photo 14: Close-up of Double Disk Furrow Openers and Depth Bands
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Photo 15: Press Wheels
Photo 16: Drag Chains in Transport Position
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Photo 17: Trashy Seed Box Picker Wheels
Photo 18: Small Grain Standard Seed Box/Seed Cups
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Photo 19: Seed Drill Gear Assembly
Photo 20: Seed Tubes
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Photo 21: Hand Broadcast Seeder
Photo 22: Hydroseeder – 3000 Gallon Tank
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Photo 23: Hydroseeder with Gun Operator
Photo 24: Seed Tag
October 2011
Appendix C
Soils Table
AP
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D
I
X
C
So
i
l
s
T
a
b
l
e
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S
o
u
t
h
P
a
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a
c
h
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t
e
U
n
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W
M
P
Sm
a
l
l
Co
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
Bu
i
l
d
i
n
g
s
Local Roads & Streets Roadfill Topsoil Pond Reservoir AreasEmbankments, Dikes, & LeveesDrainage Irrigation Terraces and DiversionsGrassed Waterways
0-
4
Lo
a
m
C
L
,
C
L
-
M
L
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M
L
0
.
0
6
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y
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L
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r
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1
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25
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0
Cl
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8
St
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2
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0
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6
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8
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1
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6
0
V
e
r
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m
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5
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8
St
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r
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Ch
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11
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V
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.
0
0
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6
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0
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0
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0
6
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0
9
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4
Lo
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0
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6
0
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2
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0
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0
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1
6
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1
8
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2
8
Cl
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y
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m
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0
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6
0
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2
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0
0
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1
9
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2
1
28
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6
0
L
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0
.
6
0
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2
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0
0
0
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1
6
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0
.
1
8
0-
4
Lo
a
m
M
L
0
.
6
0
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2
.
0
0
0
.
1
6
-
0
.
1
8
4-
2
8
Cl
a
y
l
o
a
m
C
L
0
.
6
0
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2
.
0
0
0
.
1
9
-
0
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2
1
28
-
6
0
L
o
a
m
M
L
0
.
6
0
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2
.
0
0
0
.
1
6
-
0
.
1
8
0-
4
Lo
a
m
M
L
0
.
6
0
-
2
.
0
0
0
.
1
6
-
0
.
1
8
1
-
2
4-
2
8
Cl
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y
l
o
a
m
C
L
0
.
6
0
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2
.
0
0
0
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1
9
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0
.
2
1
0
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5
-
1
28
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6
0
L
o
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m
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L
0
.
6
0
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2
.
0
0
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1
6
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0
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1
8
0
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0
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5
0-
4
Lo
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m
M
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0
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6
0
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2
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0
0
0
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1
6
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0
.
1
8
1
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2
4-
2
8
Cl
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m
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L
0
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6
0
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2
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0
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0
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1
9
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2
1
0
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5
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1
28
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6
0
L
o
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m
M
L
0
.
6
0
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2
.
0
0
0
.
1
6
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0
.
1
8
0
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0
.
5
0-
4
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
,
U
n
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
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d
b
e
d
r
o
c
k
CL
-
M
L
,
M
L
,
S
C
-
S
M
,
SM
0.
0
0
-
6
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
-
0
.
1
8
0
.
5
-
1
4-
3
0
Cl
a
y
l
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a
m
,
F
i
n
e
s
a
n
d
y
l
o
a
m
,
L
o
a
m
,
U
n
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
e
d
be
d
r
o
c
k
CL
,
C
L
-
M
L
,
S
C
-
S
M
,
SM
0.
0
0
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2
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
-
0
.
1
8
0
-
0
.
5
30
-
3
4
Un
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
e
d
b
e
d
r
o
c
k
N
/
A
0
.
0
0
-
0
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2
0
0
.
0
0
-
0
.
0
0
0
0-
4
V
a
r
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a
b
l
e
,
U
n
w
e
a
t
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d
b
e
d
r
o
c
k
CL
-
M
L
,
M
L
,
S
C
-
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M
,
SM
0.
0
0
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6
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
-
0
.
1
8
0
.
5
-
1
4-
3
0
Cl
a
y
l
o
a
m
,
F
i
n
e
s
a
n
d
y
l
o
a
m
,
L
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m
,
U
n
w
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a
t
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d
be
d
r
o
c
k
CL
,
C
L
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M
L
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C
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M
,
SM
0.
0
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2
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0
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0
0
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1
8
0
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0
.
5
30
-
3
4
Un
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
e
d
b
e
d
r
o
c
k
N
/
A
0
.
0
0
-
0
.
2
0
0
.
0
0
-
0
.
0
0
0
0-
4
Lo
a
m
C
L
0
.
2
0
-
2
.
0
0
0
.
1
6
-
0
.
1
9
4-
1
7
Cl
a
y
l
o
a
m
,
S
a
n
d
y
c
l
a
y
l
o
a
m
,
G
r
a
v
e
l
l
y
c
l
a
y
,
C
o
b
b
l
y
c
l
a
y
,
Co
b
b
l
y
c
l
a
y
l
o
a
m
CL
,
S
C
,
G
C
0
.
6
0
-
6
.
0
0
0
.
1
0
-
0
.
1
9
17
-
6
0
Sa
n
d
y
l
o
a
m
,
L
o
a
m
,
G
r
a
v
e
l
l
y
c
l
a
y
,
C
o
b
b
l
y
c
l
a
y
,
C
o
b
b
l
y
cl
a
y
l
o
a
m
SM
-
S
C
,
C
L
-
M
L
,
C
L
,
GC
,
S
C
0.
0
6
-
2
.
0
0
0
.
1
3
-
0
.
1
6
Ch
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
P
l
a
n
t
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
Suitability For:
Or
g
a
n
i
c
Ma
t
t
e
r
(%
)
Su
r
f
a
c
e
Ru
n
o
f
f
(
s
l
o
w
/
me
d
i
u
m
/
ra
p
i
d
)
Pe
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(i
n
c
h
/
h
o
u
r
)
Av
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
Wa
t
e
r
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(i
n
c
h
/
i
n
c
h
)
Un
i
f
i
e
d
Cl
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Mo
d
e
r
a
t
e
l
y
-
s
l
o
p
i
n
g
,
d
e
e
p
,
w
e
l
l
-
d
r
a
i
n
e
d
l
o
a
m
a
n
d
c
l
a
y
l
o
a
m
fo
r
m
e
d
f
r
o
m
i
n
a
l
l
u
v
i
u
m
d
e
r
i
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
s
a
n
d
s
t
o
n
e
,
s
h
a
l
e
,
a
n
d
ba
s
a
l
t
.
F
o
u
n
d
o
n
m
e
s
a
s
,
b
e
n
c
h
e
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
i
d
e
s
o
f
v
a
l
l
e
y
s
.
Poor: thin layer, slope, area reclaim.
Ma
p
U
n
i
t
N
u
m
b
e
r
-
So
i
l
N
a
m
e
So
i
l
De
p
t
h
So
i
l
D
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
US
D
A
T
e
x
t
u
r
e
(
s
)
Er
o
s
i
o
n
P
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
(s
l
i
g
h
t
/
mo
d
e
r
a
t
e
/
se
v
e
r
e
)
R3
4
-
I
l
d
e
f
o
n
s
o
s
t
o
n
y
lo
a
m
,
2
5
t
o
4
5
%
s
l
o
p
e
Hi
l
l
y
,
de
e
p
,
w
e
l
l
-
d
r
a
i
n
e
d
s
t
o
n
y
l
o
a
m
f
o
r
m
e
d
f
r
o
m
r
e
w
o
r
k
e
d
al
l
u
v
i
u
m
d
e
r
i
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
b
a
s
a
l
t
.
F
o
u
n
d
o
n
m
e
s
a
b
r
e
a
k
s
,
a
l
l
u
v
i
a
l
fa
n
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
i
d
e
s
o
f
v
a
l
l
e
y
s
.
R4
6
-
N
i
h
i
l
l
c
h
a
n
n
e
r
y
lo
a
m
,
1
t
o
6
%
s
l
o
p
e
Mo
d
e
r
a
t
e
l
y
-
s
l
o
p
i
n
g
t
o
h
il
l
y
,
de
e
p
,
w
e
l
l
-
d
r
a
i
n
e
d
c
h
a
n
n
e
r
y
l
o
a
m
an
d
c
h
a
n
n
e
r
y
s
a
n
d
y
l
o
a
m
f
o
r
m
e
d
f
r
o
m
r
e
w
o
r
k
e
d
a
l
l
u
v
i
u
m
de
r
i
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
s
h
a
l
e
a
n
d
s
a
n
d
s
t
o
n
e
a
n
d
f
o
u
n
d
o
n
a
l
l
u
v
i
a
l
f
a
n
s
an
d
t
h
e
s
i
d
e
s
o
f
v
a
l
l
e
y
s
.
R3
3
-
I
l
d
e
f
o
n
s
o
s
t
o
n
y
lo
a
m
,
6
t
o
2
5
%
s
l
o
p
e
Mo
d
e
r
a
t
e
l
y
-
s
l
o
p
i
n
g
t
o
h
il
l
y
,
de
e
p
,
w
e
l
l
-
d
r
a
i
n
e
d
s
t
o
n
y
l
o
a
m
fo
r
m
e
d
f
r
o
m
r
e
w
o
r
k
e
d
a
l
l
u
v
i
u
m
d
e
r
i
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
b
a
s
a
l
t
.
F
o
u
n
d
on
m
e
s
a
s
,
b
e
n
c
h
e
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
i
d
e
s
o
f
v
a
l
l
e
y
s
.
mo
d
e
r
a
t
e
se
v
e
r
e
sl
o
w
mo
d
e
r
a
t
e
mo
d
e
r
a
t
e
Large stones, slope.
N/
A
Se
v
e
r
e
:
s
l
o
p
e
,
la
r
g
e
s
t
o
n
e
s
.
Severe: slope,
la
r
g
e
s
t
o
n
e
s
.
Poor: slope, large stones.Slope, large stones.Slope, large stones, droughty.Slope, large stones, droughty.Large stones, slope.Slope, large stones, droughty.Seepage, slope.Large stones.Large stones.Slope, large stones.Favorable.Droughty.Slope, large stones, droughty.Poor: slope, large stones.
se
v
e
r
e
We
s
t
e
r
n
w
h
e
a
t
g
r
a
s
s
,
B
l
u
e
b
u
n
c
h
w
h
e
a
t
g
r
a
s
s
,
B
i
g
sa
g
e
b
r
u
s
h
,
N
e
e
d
l
e
a
n
d
t
h
r
e
a
d
g
r
a
s
s
,
I
n
d
i
a
n
ri
c
e
g
r
a
s
s
,
L
o
w
r
a
b
b
i
t
b
r
u
s
h
Sl
i
g
h
t
Slight
N/
A
Se
v
e
r
e
:
s
l
o
p
e
,
la
r
g
e
s
t
o
n
e
s
.
Severe: slope,
la
r
g
e
s
t
o
n
e
s
.
Poor: slope, large stones.Seepage, slope.
We
s
t
e
r
n
w
h
e
a
t
g
r
a
s
s
,
N
e
e
d
l
e
a
n
d
t
h
r
e
a
d
,
B
l
u
e
b
u
n
c
h
wh
e
a
t
g
r
a
s
s
,
B
i
g
s
a
g
e
b
r
u
s
h
,
I
n
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1
1
Page 1
October 2011
Appendix D
Master SWMP Permit Area Map
P B 2 0
Dry Creek
Colorado River # 2
M
o
n
u
m
e
nt G
ulch
Spring Creek
Battlement Creek
Kelly Gulch
Wallace Cr
Parachute Cr
A
lk
a
li
C
r
e
e
k
L
ittl
e
H i g h M e s a D i s c h a r g e
PARACHUTE
P
J
1
9
Grand River Stormwater Pipelines
Pipe
Intermittent Stream
Pe rennial Stream
So uth Parac hute Unit (10245 acres)
Interstate/Highways
Cou nty Roads
CITIES
PROJECT NO:
DRAWN BY:
DATE:
011-2132
Brian Swedhin
10/27/2011
SOUTH PARACHUTE PERMIT AREA MAPGRAND RIVER GATHERING, LLCGARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO
826 21-1/2 ROADGRAND JUNCTION, CO81505TEL 970.263.7800FAX 970.263.7456
MAP
3
0 2 41Miles ²
1 6 "
October 2011
Appendix E
Stormwater Manual of Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Grand River Gathering, LLC
October, 2011
Stormwater Manual of Best
Management Practices (BMPs)
Grand River Gathering, LLC
October, 2011
Stormwater Manual of Best
Management Practices (BMPs)
Grand River Gathering, LLC i October 2011
Contents
1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 Planning ......................................................................................................................................................... 2
3.0 Types of Best Management Practices ...................................................................................................... 3
4.0 Principles and practices of erosion control ............................................................................................ 4
5.0 Erosion control concepts ........................................................................................................................... 5
6.0 Selection and implementation of controls............................................................................................... 6
7.0 Inspection and maintenance ..................................................................................................................... 7
8.0 References ................................................................................................................................................... 8
Figures
Site Isometrics
SI-1 Site Isometric – Flat and Gently Sloping Terrain
SI-2 Site Isometric – Steep Terrain
Site Plans
SP-0 Site Plan – Preconstruction
SP-1 Site Plan – Flat and Gently Sloping Terrain
SP-2 Site Plan – Steep Terrain
Details
D-1 Access Road Intersection – Well Pad below Road
D-2 Access Road Intersection – Well Pad above Road
D-3 Well Pad
D-4 Road Parallel to Gathering Line and Stream
D-5 404 Stream Crossing
D-6 Gathering Line Crossing Stream (During Construction Condition)
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Erosion Control BMPs:
Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) ........................................................................................................... ECB1
Hydraulic Mulching (HM) ..................................................................................................................... HM1
Land Grading (LG) – Roads ................................................................................................................. LG1
Low Water Crossing (LWC) ............................................................................................................... LWC1
Mulching (M) ........................................................................................................................................... M1
Retaining Wall (RW) ............................................................................................................................ RW1
Revegetation (RV) ................................................................................................................................ RV1
Riprap (R) ................................................................................................................................................. R1
Soil Stabilizers (SS) .............................................................................................................................. SS1
Stockpiling (SP) – Topsoil and Subsoil ................................................................................................ SP1
Surface Roughening (SR) .................................................................................................................... SR1
Terracing (T) ............................................................................................................................................ T1
Turf Reinforcement Mat (TRM) ......................................................................................................... TRM1
Vegetated Buffer (VB) ........................................................................................................................... VB1
Wattles (W).............................................................................................................................................. W1
Grand River Gathering, LLC ii October 2011
Contents (continued)
Drainage Control BMPs:
Berm (B) ................................................................................................................................................... B1
Culvert (C) ................................................................................................................................................ C1
Culvert Inlet Protection (CIP) ............................................................................................................... CIP1
Culvert Outlet Protection (COP) ........................................................................................................ COP1
Diversion (D) ............................................................................................................................................ D1
Drainage Dip (DD) ................................................................................................................................ DD1
Level Spreader (LS) ............................................................................................................................... LS1
Roadside Ditches (RSD) and Turnouts (TO) .................................................................................... RSD1
Run-On Diversion (ROD) ................................................................................................................... ROD1
Slope Drain (SD) ................................................................................................................................... SD1
Trench Breaker (TB) ............................................................................................................................. TB1
Water Bar (WB) .................................................................................................................................... WB1
Sediment Control BMPs:
Check Dam (CD) ................................................................................................................................... CD1
Detention Pond (DP) ............................................................................................................................. DP1
Filter Berm (FB) ..................................................................................................................................... FB1
Sediment Reservoir (SedR).............................................................................................................. SedR1
Sediment Trap (ST) .............................................................................................................................. ST1
Silt Fence (SF) ...................................................................................................................................... SF1
Slash (SL) ............................................................................................................................................... SL1
Stabilized Construction Entrance (SCE) ............................................................................................ SCE1
Straw Bale Barrier (SBB) .................................................................................................................... SBB1
Wattles (Wa) – BMP is provided with erosion controls ........................................................................ Wa1
Non-Stormwater BMPs:
Dewatering (DW) ................................................................................................................................. DW1
Dust Control (DC) ................................................................................................................................. DC1
Material Delivery and Storage (MDS) ............................................................................................... MDS1
Scheduling (S) .......................................................................................................................................... S1
Spill Prevention and Control (SPC) .................................................................................................... SPC1
Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance (VEM) .................................................................................... VEM1
Waste Management (WM) .................................................................................................................. WM1
Grand River Gathering, LLC 1 October 2011
1.0 Introduction
The primary purpose of this Stormwater Manual of Best Management Practices (BMPs) is to provide Grand
River Gathering personnel, contractors, and subcontractors with information on the proper selection, design,
installation, and maintenance of BMPs to manage oil and gas (O&G) related stormwater and to meet federal
and state Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) implementation requirements. The BMPs found in this
manual are operating practices that may be used to control erosion, drainage, and sedimentation associated
with stormwater runoff from areas disturbed by clearing, grading, and excavating activities related to site
preparation and construction of oil and gas sites. Although the BMPs in this manual were derived from both
common industry practices and from practical field experience, they may not be applicable for certain sites and
field conditions.
Personnel responsible for stormwater management, whether it is design, construction, maintenance, or
environmental compliance, should have a thorough knowledge of the applicable erosion and sediment control
measures and the related specifications.
The main objectives of this manual are to:
1. Serve as an easy-to-use guide for selecting, designing, constructing, and maintaining BMPs.
2. Function as a reference for construction plans and specifications.
3. Ultimately lead to the avoidance of any net increase in off-site erosion and sedimentation of waters of
the U.S.
In the preparation of this document, emphasis was placed on the selection and practical application of BMPs,
given a variety of basic physical circumstances. The series of figures within this document are provided as a
tool to quickly evaluate which BMPs may be useful at a given construction site, whether new or existing. This
document anticipates that the user will be prudent and exercise good judgment in evaluating site conditions
and deciding which BMP or combination of BMPs is to be used at a specific site. If the BMPs selected are not
effective to prevent discharges of potentially undesirable quantities of sediment to a regulated water body,
different or additional BMPs should be employed.
Grand River Gathering, LLC 2 October 2011
2.0 Planning
Planning for the inclusion of appropriate BMPs should occur early in the site development process, and can be
divided into five separate steps:
1. Site Assessment – Collect the information from the site regarding topography, soils, drainage,
vegetation, and other predominant features. Also make note of any existing erosion that is present.
Analyze the information to anticipate erosion and sedimentation problems.
2. Avoidance and Minimization – Avoiding or minimizing disturbances on construction sites are the best
protection measures against erosion and sedimentation problems. Inclusion of these measures will
also decrease the amount of BMPs required during construction.
3. Construction Scheduling and Phasing – Develop a construction schedule and phasing plan that
minimizes the amount of area exposed thus minimizing erosion and impacts to the area from
development.
4. SWMP – Develop and implement a SWMP that specifies effective BMPs, taking into consideration
the information generated from the site assessment and the construction schedule and phasing.
5. Inspections and Maintenance – Inspection and maintenance of BMPs are required by the SWMP.
Evaluate the BMPs that will be implemented and allocate the necessary resources to provide for
timely and thorough inspections and maintenance.
Grand River Gathering, LLC 3 October 2011
3.0 Types of Best Management Practices
Erosion Control – any source control practice that protects the soil surface and/or strengthens the subsurface
in order to prevent soil particles from being detached by rain or wind, thus controlling raindrop, sheet, and/or rill
erosion.
Drainage Control – any practice that reduces or eliminates gully, channel, and stream erosion by minimizing,
diverting, or conveying runoff through engineered systems.
Sediment Control – any practice that traps the soil particles after they have been detached and moved by wind
or water. Sediment control measures are usually passive systems that rely on filtering or settling the particles
out of the water or wind that is transporting them prior to leaving the site boundary.
Non-Stormwater Control – any general site and materials management measure that indirectly aids in
minimization of erosion and pollution of water. Types of pollution sources include, but are not limited to, litter,
oil and grease, hazardous material spills, and sediment.
Grand River Gathering, LLC 4 October 2011
4.0 Principles and practices of erosion control
Types of erosion
Splash Energy from the raindrop dislodges soil particles and initiates the erosion process.
Sheet Uniform removal of saturated soil particles.
Rill Long, narrow incisions in the soil caused by increased runoff velocities.
Gully Deep, wide incisions caused by concentrated flow.
Streambank Bank sloughing, toe cutting in a natural
drainage pattern.
Factors affecting erosion
Soil type
The primary soil property that affects erosiveness is the
cohesiveness of the soil. While there are other factors, this is
the most dominant factor when considering temporary erosion
controls. The generalized soil triangle shows the break
between soils that can be considered cohesive or noncohesive
soils. This rule of thumb has to be applied with good
professional judgment.
Vegetation
Vegetation is the primary permanent erosion control for un-stabilized exposed surfaces. Anytime the existing
vegetation is removed, there is immediate potential for wind and water erosion. Therefore, any un-vegetated
surface should be treated with an appropriate BMP to prevent surface erosion. The appropriate BMP depends
on the other factors affecting erosion.
Climate
The key climatic factors affecting erosion are rainfall intensity, duration, and return frequency, which in turn
determine soil particle detachment and transport in runoff. Other climatic properties, such as temperature and
growing season, have more to do with reestablishing permanent erosion controls.
Topography
The slope and length of slope have a direct influence on the transport of dislodged sediment and soil particles
down slope. Even very erosive soils on flat slopes will not produce large amounts of sediment because there
is not sufficient potential gravitational force to accelerate the surface runoff to velocities that will suspend and
transport sediments. As slopes become steeper, the velocity of flow of surface runoff increases with a
subsequent increase in sediment loads. That is why velocity management is a critical part of any erosion
control practice.
Grand River Gathering, LLC 5 October 2011
5.0 Erosion control concepts
Surface protection
Protecting the soil surface will help minimize the amount of soil that is detached and transported as sediment.
Minimization of concentrated flows
Concentrated flows generate more energy and velocity than sheet flows. Greater depths and velocity
generate more erosion and suspension of eroded materials. If concentrated flows develop, BMPs, such as
check dams, can be used to reduce the velocity. Where concentrated flows are directed to uniform surfaces,
level spreaders can be used to reestablish sheet flows.
Velocity reduction
Velocity reduction is a key component of BMP strategies. Control measures such as rock check dams,
wattles, etc., are placed perpendicular to the direction of flow, whether sheet flow or concentrated flow, to slow
the velocity of the water. The BMP type must be selected based on the anticipated depth, velocity, and
frequency of flows over the surface or in the channel.
Sediment capture
Effective sediment control measures are designed and implemented to slow the runoff velocity and retain the
sediment-laden water to allow soil particles to fall from suspension and settle out of the runoff. This will
facilitate transport reduction and thereby the quantities of sediment that leave the site.
Runoff management
Runoff management tools are designed to utilize proper grading, diversions, barriers, or interceptor ditches to
minimize concentrated flows and divert runoff away from denuded slopes or other critical areas. This can be
done by minimizing slope steepness and length through the use of terraces, interceptor berms or ditches or
diversion ditches. The concept is to divert clean runoff before it becomes sediment laden.
Grand River Gathering, LLC 6 October 2011
6.0 Selection and implementation of controls
Implementation of BMPs will be successful if used appropriately, taking into account a number of factors. The
following are guidelines recommended in determining the appropriate BMPs for the site:
1. Determine the limits of clearing and grubbing. If the entire site will not undergo excavation and
grading, the boundaries of cut-and-fill operations should be defined. Buffer strips of natural
vegetation may be utilized as a control measure.
2. Define the layout of buildings and roads. This will have been decided previously as part of the
general development plan. If building layout is not final, the road areas stabilized with pavement and
the drainage features related to roads should be defined as they relate to the plan.
3. Determine permanent drainage features. The location of permanent channels, storm sewers,
roadside swales, and stormwater quality controls such as ponds, wetlands, grassed-lined swales,
buffer strips, and areas of porous pavement, if known, should be defined.
4. Determine extent of temporary channel diversions. If permanent channel improvements are a part of
the plan, the route, sizing, and lining needed for temporary channel diversions should be determined.
Location and type of temporary channel crossings can be assessed.
5. Determine the boundaries of watersheds. The size of drainage basins will determine the types of
sediment controls to be used. Areas located off site that contribute overland flow runoff must be
assessed. Measures to limit the size of upland overland flow areas, such as run-on diversions, may
be initially considered at this stage.
6. Select erosion controls. All areas exposed will require a control measure be defined dependent on
the duration of exposure. These can be selected based on the schedule of construction.
7. Select sediment controls. Areas greater than 5 acres will require the installation of sediment basins.
Consideration can be given to dividing large drainage basins into sub-areas, each served by a
sediment basin.
8. Determine staging areas. The schedule of construction will determine what areas must be disturbed
at various stages throughout the development plan. The opportunity for staging cut-and-fill
operations to minimize the period of exposure of soils can be assessed. The sequence for installing
sediment controls and erosion controls can also be determined at this time.
9. Identify locations of topsoil and other stockpiles.
10. Identify location of construction roads, access points, and material storage areas.
Once BMPs have been selected, each control should be incorporated into a site-specific plan drawing as a
requirement of the SWMP. Each of the following BMPs includes design criteria (to properly locate and size
each control) and construction specifications (to properly install the control with the appropriate materials and
methods), if applicable.
Grand River Gathering, LLC 7 October 2011
7.0 Inspection and maintenance
All BMPs must be properly inspected and maintained throughout the life of the entire operation according to
the “Maintenance Considerations” section in each of the following BMPs. In general, the maintenance
program should provide for inspection of BMPs on a regular basis in accordance with the SWMP. Inspection
of BMPs should also occur as soon as possible after major rainfall events, particularly at sensitive areas in
proximity to a perennial drainage. The inspection should include repair or replacement of the BMPs, where
needed, to ensure effective and efficient operation.
Grand River Gathering, LLC 8 October 2011
8.0 References
Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), Erosion and Pollution Control Manual. February, 2005.
<http://www.azdot.gov/ADOT_and/Storm_Water/Erosion_Pollution_Control_Manual.asp>
California Stormwater Quality Association, Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP) Handbook –
Construction. January, 2003. <http://www.cabmphandbooks.com/Construction.asp>
City of Knoxville, Stormwater Engineering, Knoxville BMP Manual - Best Management Practices. July 2003.
<http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/engineering>
Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide. 2002.
<http://www.dot.state.co.us/environmental/envWaterQual/wqms4.asp>
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).
Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control. Washington, D.C., February, 2003.
<http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm>
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Upland Erosion Control, Revegetation, and Maintenance
Plan. January 2003.
Horizon Environmental Services, Inc, Guidance Document Reasonable and Prudent Practices for Stabilization
(RAPPS) of Oil and Gas Construction Sites. April 2004.
Keller, Gordon, and James Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering, Best Management Practices Field Guide.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, US Agency of International
Development (USAID), 2005. <http://www.blm.gov/bmp/field%20guide.htm>
Maine Department of Conservation, Best Management Practices for Forestry: Protecting Maine’s Water
Quality. Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management Division. Augusta, Maine. 2004.
<http://www.state.me.us/doc/mfs/pubs/pdf/bmp_manual/bmp_manual.pdf>
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Guidelines for Urban Erosion and
Sediment Control. New York. Fourth Edition, 1997.
<http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/escstandards>
South Dakota Department of Transportation – Water Quality Enhancement Program, Construction Field
Manual – Construction Site Management and Erosion and Sediment Control. South Dakota.
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Engineering and Design - Handbook for the Preparation of
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans for Construction Activities. February 1997.
<http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-pamphlets/ep1110-1-16/>
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Field
Office Technical Guide. 2002. <www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg>
United States Department of the Interior and United States Department of Agriculture. Surface Operating
Standards and Guidelines for Oil and Gas Exploration and Development “Gold Book.”
BLM/WO/ST-06/021+3071. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Denver, Colorado. Fourth
Edition, 2006.