HomeMy WebLinkAbout1.25 Additional InformationADDITIONAL INFORMATION
•Plant Emergency Planning and Preparedness from the Propane Education and Research
Council. No online version available. Hard copy is submitted.
•Colorado Liquefied Petroleum Gas Regulations and Statutes
https: www.colorado.gov/pacific/ops/RegulationsStatutes
Hard copy available upon request.
1EMERGENCYPLANNNINGPlant Emergency Planning
and Preparedness
2015 Edition
Participant Guide
2
NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER CONCERNING LIABILITY
The Propane Education & Research Council (PERC) is
a non-profit 501(c) 6 trade organization authorized
by the Propane Education and Research Act of 1996
(PERA), Public Law 104-284. PERC was created “to
enhance consumer and employee safety and training,
to provide for research and development of clean and
efficient propane utilization equipment, and to inform
and educate the public about safety and other issues
associated with the use of propane.”
PERC is governed by a 21-member Board of Directors
appointed by the National Propane Gas Association
(NPGA) and the Gas Processors Association (GPA).
PERC program beneficiaries include propane retail
marketers, producers, transporters, and agricultural
cooperatives, as well as representatives of allied
service and supply industries (industry members).
The recommendations, standards, or recommended
practices, as reflected in this document, were
developed by independent consultants retained
by PERC. While PERC administers the process of
obtaining the information, it does not independently
test or verify the accuracy of the information or
methods used to collect the data that support the
conclusions or recommendations reflected in this
document.
PERC, NPGA, GPA, and the industry members disclaim
any liability for any personal injury, property damage,
business losses, or other damages of any nature
whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential,
or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from
the publication, use, or reliance on this document,
or any information, apparatus, method, process,
or similar item disclosed in this document. This
disclaimer of liability shall apply even if such loss or
damage results, in whole or in part, from any acts
or omissions of or by any negligence on the part of
PERC, NPGA, GPA, or the industry members or any
persons who contributed to the development of the
information contained in this document. PERC, NPGA,
GPA, and the industry members make no warranty or
guarantee as to the accuracy or completeness of any
information published in this document.
The procedures and information in this document
are intended to implement the standards set forth
in the documents referenced with capabilities of
the personnel and equipment available. It does not
create new standards or criteria for compliance. The
order of steps in any procedure may or may not be of
importance. This material is not sold nor is it a product
of any consulting or engineering activity.
Users of this document should consult the law of their
individual jurisdictions for codes, standards, and legal
requirements applicable to them. This document is
not intended nor should it be construed to (1) set
forth policies or procedures that are the general
custom or practice in the propane industry; (2)
establish the legal standards of care owed by propane
distributors to their customers; or (3) prevent the user
from using different methods to implement applicable
codes, standards, or legal requirements.
By disseminating or publishing this document, PERC
is not undertaking to render any professional or
other service to or on behalf of any person or entity.
PERC, NPGA, GPA, and the industry members are not
undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person
or entity to any third party. Anyone reading or using
this document should rely on his or her own judgment
or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent
professional in determining the exercise of reasonable
care in any and all circumstances
Propane Education & Research Council
1140 Connecticut Ave. NW
Suite 1075
Washington, DC 20036
202-452-8975
www.propanecouncil.org
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
PERC gratefully acknowledges the generosity and
cooperation of the following companies for providing
personnel, equipment, and technical assistance:
◊ Crystal Flash Energy, Grand Rapids, MI
◊ CHS Inc., Inver Grove Heights, MN
◊ Ferrellgas, Liberty MO
◊ Gas Equipment Company, Earth City, MO
◊ Oklahoma LP Gas Research, Marketing and
Safety Commission, Oklahoma City, OK
◊ Revere Gas & Appliance, Inc., Hartfield, VA
◊ Superior Energy Systems, Columbia Station, OH
We also gratefully acknowledge the technical input
and guidance of the following individuals, who served
as subject matter experts and reviewers:
◊ Bryan Lewis, CHS Inc.
◊ Dennis Patrick, Crystal Flash Energy
◊ Dennis Cruise, Propane Training Services, LLC
◊ Fred Heideman, Ferrellgas
◊ James Hilliard, Revere Gas & Appliance, Inc.
◊ John Ketchum, Gas Equipment Company
◊ Ken Mueller, CHS, Inc.
◊ Mike Walters, Superior Energy Systems
◊ Paula Cowart, OK LP Gas Research, Marketing
and Safety Commission.
◊ Randy Warner, Ferrellgas
4
5
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION: PLANT EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
LESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF PLANT EMERGENCIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Lesson Introduction .................................................................................9
What is a Plant Emergency? ........................................................................10
Types of Plant Emergencies.........................................................................10
What Is an Emergency Action Plan (EAP).............................................................12
Components of an EAP .............................................................................13
Codes and Regulations .............................................................................14
LESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Lesson Introduction ................................................................................19
Benefits of Identifying and Assessing Your Potential Emergencies ......................................20
Data Sources for Identifying and Assessing Emergencies ..............................................21
The Emergency Assessment Process ................................................................23
Resource Assessment ..............................................................................27
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY: IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING YOUR EMERGENCIES AND INTERNAL RESOURCES ....29
LESSON 3: EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Lesson Introduction ................................................................................31
Employee Alarm System ............................................................................32
Designee for Alerting Others ........................................................................33
Notifying Emergency Responders ...................................................................33
Notifying Utility Companies .........................................................................34
Notifying Company Officials .........................................................................35
Notifying NRC and DOT .............................................................................36
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY: REVIEWING YOUR EAP'S EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES ................39
LESSON 4: EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Lesson Introduction ................................................................................41
Identify Conditions for Evacuation ...................................................................42
Determining Roles and Responsibilities during an Evacuation ..........................................44
Establishing Evacuation Exits and Routes ............................................................46
Assisting Individuals with Disabilities and Limited English .............................................47
Accounting for Employees after an Evacuation .......................................................48
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Evacuations .................................................49
Knowing When to Shelter-in-Place ..................................................................50
How to Shelter-in-Place ............................................................................51
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY: REVIEWING YOUR EAP'S EVACUATION PROCEDURES ..............................52
EMEPLA6
LESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Lesson Introduction ................................................................................53
Benefits of Collaboration ...........................................................................54
Collaborating with Others before an Emergency ......................................................55
Coordinating with Others during an Emergency .......................................................58
Employee Roles and Responsibilities ................................................................58
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY: IDENTIFYING REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS FOR INTERNAL EMERGENCY
ROLES ............................................................................................63
External Organizations and Personnel ...............................................................65
Strategies for Collaboration.........................................................................68
LESSON 6: EAP DISTRIBUTION, MAINTENANCE, AND TRAINING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Lesson Introduction ................................................................................71
EAP Distribution ...................................................................................72
EAP Maintenance ..................................................................................73
EAP Training .......................................................................................73
Make Emergency Planning Part of Your Culture .......................................................79
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY: REVIEWING YOUR TRAINING PLAN ..............................................80
GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN (Template) ...............................................................89
EAP Review Log ....................................................................................90
Introduction .......................................................................................91
Section 1: Emergency Identification and Assessment .................................................93
Emergency Assessment Worksheet..................................................................94
Internal Resources .................................................................................95
Section 2: Emergency Personnel Information .........................................................96
Section 3: Emergency Notification Procedures .......................................................98
Section 4: Emergency Evacuation Procedures ......................................................100
Appendix A: Evacuation Exits and Routes ...........................................................103
Appendix B: Assembly Areas ......................................................................104
TRAINING PLAN (Template) .......................................................................105
Introduction .....................................................................................107
Section 1: Training Participants ...................................................................109
Section 2: Training Sessions and Instructors .......................................................110
Section 3: TRaining Topics and Methods ...........................................................111
Section 4: Training Evaluation and Documentation ..................................................113
7EMEPLAThis course provides propane plant managers and operations personnel with the practical
knowledge, skills, and tools necessary for effectively planning and responding to their
unique emergency situations.
After completing this training, you should be able to:
◊Define the purpose and components of an emergency action plan.
◊Identify the emergencies that could potentially occur at your plant and their impact.
◊Identify emergency notification procedures for your plant.
◊Identify emergency evacuation procedures for your plant.
◊List strategies for collaborating with others prior to and during an emergency.
◊Identify procedures for distributing, maintaining, and providing training on your emergency action plan.
This course is organized into the following six lessons:
◊Lesson 1: Overview of Plant Emergencies.
◊Lesson 2: Emergency Identification and Assessment.
◊Lesson 3: Emergency Notification Requirements.
◊Lesson 4: Emergency Evacuation Procedures.
◊Lesson 5: Collaboration in Emergency Management.
◊Lesson 6: EAP Distribution, Maintenance, and Training.
INTRODUCTION:
PLANT EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS
8
This course uses an active, participative approach to training. Specific training methods used in this course
include:
◊Presentation of key content.
◊Group discussion.
◊Group activities.
Note: It is recommended that you bring your plant’s current emergency action plan and training plan to class so
that you can evaluate them during training, share ideas with each other, and take steps for improving the plans.
If you don’t have an emergency action plan or training plan, you can use the templates in the Resources setion
of this guide during training.
9EMEPLALESSON INTRODUCTION This lesson provides introductory information about plant emergencies and how to prepare
for them. During this lesson, you will learn about different types of plant emergencies, both
propane- and non-propane related. You will also learn what an emergency action plan
(EAP) is, what should be included in an EAP, and applicable codes and regulations.
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
◊ Provide examples of different types of plant emergencies.
◊ Define the purpose and main components of an EAP.
◊ List the different codes and regulations that are pertinent to the development of EAPs.
LESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
TyPES OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
10
LESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
WHAT IS A PLANT EMERGENCy ?
A plant emergency is a sudden, unforeseen situation
that:
◊ Potentially threatens your employees, customers,
or the public;
◊ Disrupts or shuts down your operations; or
◊ Causes physical or environmental damage that
requires immediate action.
T yPES OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
Emergencies at propane plants may be both propane
related and non-propane related.
PROPANE RELATED EMERGENCIES
Propane related incidents may include fire, explosions,
or unintended release. The majority of propane
incidents are handled safely and successfully by the
local propane marketer with assistance from the local
fire department if needed.
However, larger scale propane related emergencies
such as fires or explosions involving large stationary
tanks can also occur at plants. These types of major
propane incidents may require resources from a
number of different agencies to safely and efficiently
resolve the problem.
11
TyPES OF PLANT EMERGENCIESLESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
NON-PROPANE RELATED EMERGENCIES
Non-propane related emergencies may also occur at propane plants and include natural, technological, or
manmade incidents.
Natural incidents: These emergencies are due to a
force of nature and are often dependent upon the
geographic location of the propane plant and other
environmental factors. They may include:
◊ Floods.
◊ Hurricanes.
◊ Tornadoes.
◊ Wildfires.
◊ Earthquakes.
◊ Drought.
◊ Landslides/mudslides.
◊ Lightning.
◊ Snow/Ice/Hail.
◊ Extreme Heat/Cold.
Technological incidents: These emergencies are non-natural. Some examples include:
◊ Chemical release and fires (e.g., magnesium, anhydrous ammonia).
◊ Hazardous reactions between chemicals and other substances (e.g., adding water to a magnesium fire
leads to explosions).
◊ Radiological and nuclear incidents.
◊ Vehicle accidents.
◊ Railcar leak/fire.
◊ Structural collapse.
◊ Power/utility failure.
◊ Information technology failure.
◊ Telecommunication failure.
Manmade incidents: These emergencies are due to human action and may involve:
◊ Civil disturbances.
◊ Workplace violence.
◊ Arson.
◊ Bomb threat.
◊ Employee fraud.
◊ Hostage situation.
◊ Terrorism.
◊ Sabotage.
◊ Strikes.
WHAT IS AN EMERGENC y ACTION PLAN (EAP)?
12
LESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
WHAT IS AN EMERGENCy ACTION PLAN
(EAP)?
An emergency action plan (EAP) does exactly what its
name indicates—describes the appropriate actions to
take in an emergency. By establishing these actions
ahead of time, you and your employees can act
quickly and according to plan. Well-developed EAPs
and proper employee training reduce the likelihood
of injuries and structural damage to the plant during
emergencies.
Putting together an EAP that deals with those
potential emergencies specific to your plant is not
difficult. It involves evaluating your workplace and
identifying the appropriate actions that employees
may take during different types of emergencies.
It takes into account your specific plant layout,
structural features, and emergency systems.
Organizations with multiple propane plants should
develop separate EAPs for each location because
of different potential threats and required response
actions.
OSHA requires that companies with more than 10
employees have a written EAP. Companies with 10 or
fewer employees have the option of communicating
their EAP verbally.
13
COMPONENTS OF AN EAPLESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
COMPONENTS OF AN EAP
At a minimum, OSHA requires EAPs to include:
Emergency procedures and escape route
assignments.
Procedures to be followed by employees who
remain to operate critical plant operations before
they evacuate.
Procedures to account for all employees after an
emergency evacuation has been completed.
Procedures to be followed by employees
performing rescue or medical duties.
Procedures for reporting fires and other
emergencies at the plant.
Names or job titles of persons who can be
contacted by employees for further information
about the plan or explanation of duties under the
plan.
It’s also a good idea to include these elements in your
EAP, although they are not specifically required by
OSHA:
A description of the alarm system to be used to
notify employees and others (including disabled
individuals) to evacuate or take other actions.
The site of an alternative communications center
to be used in the event of a fire or explosion.
A secure location, on or off site, to store originals
or duplicate copies of accounting records, legal
documents, your employees’ emergency contact
lists, and other essential records.
See Lesson 6 and Resources for additional
information about EAPs.
CODES AND REGULATIONS
14
LESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
CODES AND REGULATIONS
OSHA STANDARD 29 CFR 1910
OSHA requires companies to develop EAPs using the
guidelines found in 29 CFR 1910. Specific subparts of
the 29 CFR 1910 code that relate to EAPs include:
◊ 29 CFR 1910.36: Design and construction
requirements for exit routes.
◊ 29 CFR 1910.37: Maintenance, safeguards, and
operation features for exit routes.
◊ 29 CFR 1910.38: Emergency action plans (EAP).
◊ 29 CFR 1910.39: Fire prevention plans (FPP).
◊ 29 CFR 1910.120(q): Hazardous Waste
Operations and Emergency Response.
◊ 29 CFR 1910.146(k): Permit-Required Confined
Spaces.
◊ 29 CFR 1910.156: Fire Brigades.
◊ 29 CFR 1910.157: Portable fire extinguishers.
◊ 29 CFR 1910.160: Fixed extinguishing systems.
◊ 29 CFR 1910.164: Fire detection system.
◊ 29 CFR 1910.165: Employee alarm systems.
Additionally, OSHA Publication 3122: Principal
Emergency Response and Preparedness
Requirements and Guidance, provides a broad view
of emergency planning requirements across OSHA
standards.
The following flowchart summarizes the OSHA
standards that refer to EAPs and additional
emergency planning procedures.
15
CODES AND REGULATIONSLESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
CODES AND REGULATIONS
16
LESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
OTHER OSHA PUBLICATIONS
OSHA offers more than 100 documents including
brochures, fact sheets, posters, pocket cards, flyers,
technical documents, and a quarterly magazine that
can help you with your emergency planning. These
documents are available online at www.osha.gov or by
calling (202) 693-1888. Some of these documents
include:
◊ OSHA 2056: All About OSHA.
◊ OSHA 2209: OSHA Handbook for Small Business.
◊ OSHA 3000: Employer Rights and Responsibilities
Following an OSHA Inspection.
◊ OSHA 3021: Employee Workplace Rights.
◊ OSHA 3047: Consultation Services for the
Employer.
◊ OSHA 3071: Job Hazard Analysis.
◊ OSHA 3075: Controlling Electrical Hazards.
◊ OSHA 3077: Personal Protective Equipment
◊ OSHA 3079: Respirator Protection.
◊ OSHA 3084: Chemical Hazard Communication.
◊ OSHA 3110: Access to Medical and Exposure
Records.
◊ OSHA 3114: Hazardous Waste and Emergency
Response.
17
CODES AND REGULATIONSLESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
FIRE SAFETy ANALySIS (FSA)
Beginning with the 2001 edition of NFPA 58, operators
or owners must prepare a written Fire Safety Analysis
(FSA) for propane facilities having ASME containers of
aggregate storage greater than 4,000 gallons water
capacity.
The FSA is a self-conducted audit of the safety
features of a propane installation and an assessment
of the means to minimize the potential for inadvertent
propane releases from storage containers and
during transfer operations. The FSA also includes
an evaluation of the capabilities of local emergency
response agencies as well as an analysis of potentially
hazardous exposures from the installation to the
neighborhood and from the surroundings to the LP-
Gas facility.
The primary FSA requirements in the 2014 edition of
NFPA 58 include the following:
◊ The planning for the response to incidents
including the inadvertent release of LP-Gas, fire,
or security breach shall be coordinated with local
emergency response agencies.
◊ Planning shall include consideration of the safety
of emergency personnel, workers, and the public.
◊ Fire protection shall be provided for new
installations and for existing installations with an
aggregate water capacity of more than 4000 gal
(15.2 m3) and for ASME containers on roofs.
◊ The modes of fire protection shall be specified in
a written FSA.
◊ The FSA shall be submitted by the owner,
operator, or their designee to the authority
having jurisdiction and the local emergency
responders.
◊ The FSA shall be updated when the storage
capacity or transfer system is modified.
CODES AND REGULATIONS
18
LESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
STATE AND LOCAL REGULATIONS
Every state has an emergency management
agency that is responsible for coordinating the
mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery
from emergencies and disasters. State emergency
management agencies also provide guidance
and assistance to county and local governments,
businesses, and nonprofit organizations in their
emergency response efforts. The state standards
typically establish the emergency management
criteria for local jurisdictions.
It is important that you understand your state and
local regulations when developing your EAP. You can
locate your specific state’s emergency regulations
by contacting your state emergency management
agency. A listing of all State Emergency Management
Agencies can be found at: http://www.fema.gov/state-
offices-and-agencies-emergency-management
COMPANy POLICIES
In addition to federal, state, and local regulations,
your company may have its own policies regarding the
development, review, and maintenance of its EAP. As
you develop your EAP, be sure to review and always
adhere to company policy. You can contact your
supervisor or manager for a copy of your company
policy regarding emergency preparedness.
19EMEPLALESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND
ASSESSMENT
LESSON INTRODUCTION The first step in successful emergency planning is determining your potential threats and
hazards. The purpose of this lesson is to guide you through a straight forward process for
identifying and assessing emergencies that are unique to your operation. You will also learn
how to assess your internal resources and capabilities for managing emergencies.
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
◊Explain the benefits of understanding your potential plant emergencies.
◊List data sources that are available for emergency identification and assessment.
◊Identify the emergencies that could potentially occur at your plant.
◊Estimate the probability of occurrence of each emergency.
◊Determine the impact of each potential emergency.
◊Determine what resources you have available in managing potential emergencies.
20
BENEFITS OF IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING YOUR POTENTIAL EMERGENCIES LESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
BENEFITS OF IDENTIFYING AND
ASSESSING YOUR POTENTIAL
EMERGENCIES
The first step in developing your EAP is to identify
and analyze the emergencies that can occur at your
plant. Every propane plant has potential for its own
unique emergencies depending on such factors as
geographic location, size, structure, equipment, on-
site chemicals, and workforce composition. No two
propane plants are alike in their hazard vulnerability.
Identifying and analyzing your potential emergencies
allows you to :
◊ Consider different types of emergencies that
could occur at your plant, both propane and
non-propane related.
◊ Project the impact that each emergency could
have on your employees, the plant, and the
surrounding community.
◊ Develop an effective EAP that addresses
emergencies that are specific to your operation.
IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING POTENTIAL EMERGENCIES
21
DATA SOURCES FOR IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING EMERGENCIESLESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
DATA SOURCES FOR IDENTIFYING AND
ASSESSING EMERGENCIES
There are multiple data sources available to assist
you in identifying and analyzing your potential
emergencies. Some of data sources are listed below.
HISTORICAL DATA
Several organizations maintain historical data on
natural disasters in your geographic area. Consider
researching the following websites for information on
natural disasters in the United States.
◊ www.fema.gov.
◊ www.usgs.gov.
◊ www.nws.noaa.gov.
HAZARD COMMUNICATION PLANS
OSHA requires that all workplaces where employees
are exposed to hazardous chemicals develop,
implement, and maintain a written hazard
communication plan. These plans identify the
hazardous chemicals that employees are exposed to
at the facility and protective measures. They provide
important information for determining potential
emergencies. Your plant’s Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
must be a part of these plans.
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
develops and distributes information on how to
conduct vulnerability assessments for emergencies
and incidents. See www.dhs.gov for more information.
OSHA
OSHA is an excellent resource that provides
information on identifying potential emergencies and
assessing their impact. See www.osha.gov for more
information.
22
DATA SOURCES FOR IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING EMERGENCIES LESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
STATE AND LOCAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
OFFICES
You can contact these organizations to collect data
on potential natural, technological, and manmade
disasters in your region. These offices can also provide
plans and recommendations for managing different
types of emergencies.
LOCAL FIRE MARSHAL
Contact this individual to gather information about
arson incidents, fire code enforcement, and local laws
concerning flammable materials.
23
THE EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT PROCESSLESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
THE EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT PROCESS
Outlined below is a simple, straightforward approach
for identifying and analyzing your potential plant
emergencies.
This process, while subjective, will help you prioritize
your potential emergencies. However, please be aware
that just because certain emergencies may receive a
lower score than others, they should not be ignored.
All emergencies, regardless of probability and impact,
need to be planned for and addressed in the EAP.
As you complete the steps in this process, you will
record your results on the associated worksheet on
page 26.
STEP 1: IDENTIFY YOUR POTENTIAL
EMERGENCIES
In Column 1, on the worksheet, list all of the
emergencies that could affect your plant. Be sure to
include propane and non-propane related events.
Consider the following as you make your list:
◊Historical: What types of emergencies have
occurred in your community, at your plant, and
at other facilities in the area in the past?
◊Geographic: What can happen as a result of the
plant’s location?
◊Technological: What could result from a process
or system failure?
◊Working Conditions: What emergencies can
employees be exposed to as a result of their
working conditions? Are they trained to take the
appropriate action?
◊Physical: What types of emergencies could
result from the design or construction of the
plant? Does the physical facility hinder or
enhance safety?
24
THE EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT PROCESS LESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
STEP 2: ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF EACH
EMERGENCY’S OCCURRENCE
While this is a subjective consideration, it is very
useful. Use a simple scale of 1 to 5, with 1 as the
lowest probability and 5 as the highest. Enter these
ratings in Column 2.
STEP 3: ASSESS THE POTENTIAL HUMAN IMPACT
Analyze the possibility of injury or death for each
emergency. Use a 1 to 5 scale with 1 as the lowest
human impact and 5 as the highest. Enter these
ratings in Column 3.
STEP 4: ASSESS THE POTENTIAL PROPERTY
IMPACT
Consider the potential for losses and damages to your
plant for each emergency. Think about the following
when assessing property damage:
◊ Cost to replace property.
◊ Cost to set up temporary replacement for
damaged property.
◊ Cost to repair property.
Use a 1 to 5 scale with 1 being the lowest property
impact and 5 being the highest. Enter these ratings in
Column 4.
25
THE EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT PROCESSLESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
STEP 5: ASSESS THE POTENTIAL BUSINESS
IMPACT
Consider the loss of market share including:
◊ Business interruption.
◊ Employees unable to report to work.
◊ Customers unable to reach the site.
◊ Company in violation of contracts.
◊ Interruption of product distribution.
◊ Imposition of fines, penalties, and legal costs.
Assign a rating using 1 as lowest business impact and
5 as highest impact. Enter these ratings in Column 5.
STEP 6: TOTAL YOUR SCORES
Add columns 2 through 5 to get the total score
for each potential emergency. Then, enter your
final scores in Column 6. The lower the score the
better. Again, remember that just because certain
emergencies may receive a lower score than others,
they still should be planned for and addressed in your
EAP.
While this is a subjective process, the comparisons will
help you develop a more accurate EAP and prioritize
and plan resources.
26
THE EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT PROCESS LESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET
1 2 3 4 5 6
Potential
Emergencies
Probability of
Occurrence
(1 - low; 5 - high)
Human Impact
(1 - low; 5 - high)
Property Impact
(1 - low; 5 - high)
Business Impact
(1 - low; 5 - high)TOTAL SCORE
27
RESOURCE ASSESSMENTLESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
In addition to identifying and analyzing potential
emergencies, you should also assess your internal
resources including your personnel, facility, and
equipment/supplies. Your internal resource
requirements will vary depending on the type of
emergency.
This assessment will help you determine your ability
to manage each type of emergency effectively.
Additionally, it is critical to understand your internal
resources so you can make an informed decision
about calling for assistance from external resources
(e.g., fire, police, HAZMAT) during an emergency.
Use the questions on the following page to help
you assess your personnel, facility, and equipment/
supplies:
PERSONNEL
◊ What medical and emergency response training
do employees have? OSHA’s standard for first
aid training under 29 CFR 1910.151(b) states:
In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, or hospital
in near proximity (i.e., available within no more
than 3-4 minutes) to the workplace which is
used for the treatment of all injured employees,
a person or persons shall be adequately trained
to render first aid. Adequate first aid supplies
shall be readily available.
◊ What knowledge and skills do employees
possess that make them suited for different
emergency activities (e.g., leadership; team
building; organizational skills; media relations)?
◊ Are employees fully trained on implementing the
plant’s EAP?
28
ResouRce Assessment LESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
FAc ILIt Y
◊ Is there an adequate alarm system in the event
of an emergency?
◊ Is the facility able to be properly secured in the
event of an emergency?
◊ Is the facility security plan accurate and up-to-
date?
◊ Are the number of fire extinguishers adequate?
◊ Are all fire extinguishers charged?
eQuIPment/suPPLIes
◊ What is the water supply at the plant? Is it
adequate in the event of a fire or explosion?
◊ What Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is
available at the facility?
–Safety goggles, glasses, or face shields for
eye protection.
–Hard hats and safety shoes for head and foot
protection.
–Appropriate respirators.
–Appropriate chemical suits, gloves, hoods,
and boots for protection from chemicals.
–Special body protection for abnormal
environmental conditions such as extreme
temperatures.
–Any other special equipment or warning
devices necessary for hazards unique to your
plant.
29
ACTIVITYPurpose: The purpose of this activity is to allow you to practice identifying and assessing
potential emergencies at your plant and analyze your plant’s internal resources for
managing those emergencies.
Directions:
1.Working with your group members, complete the emergency assessment process for potential emergencies
at your propane plant. Be sure to include at least one natural disaster, one technological disaster, and one
manmade disaster. Record your results on the Emergency Assessment Worksheet.
◊Step 1: Identify Your Potential Emergencies.
◊Step 2: Estimate the Probability of Each Emergency’s Occurrence.
◊Step 3: Assess the Potential Human Impact.
◊Step 4: Assess the Potential Property Impact.
◊Step 5: Assess the Potential Business Impact.
◊Step 6: Total Your Scores.
2.Analyze your internal resources for managing potential emergencies. Consider the following questions:
Personnel:
◊What medical and emergency response training do employees have?
◊What knowledge and skills do employees possess that make them suited for different emergency
activities?
◊Are employees fully trained on implementing the plant’s EAP?
Facility:
◊Is there an adequate alarm system in the event of an emergency?
◊Is the facility able to be properly secured in the event of an emergency? Is the facility security plan
accurate and up-to-date?
◊Are the number of fire extinguishers adequate? Are they charged?
Equipment/Supplies:
◊What is the water supply at the plant? Is it adequate in the event of a fire or explosion?
◊What PPE is available at the facility?
3.Select a spokesperson to share your results with the class.
Take about 20 minutes to complete this activity.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY: IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING YOUR
EMERGENCIES AND INTERNAL RESOURCES
30
RESOURCE ASSESSMENT LESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
31EMEPLALESSON 3: EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES
LESSON INTRODUCTION When an emergency occurs, you should have procedures in place for notifying employees,
local emergency responders, utility companies, and company officials. You should also
establish protocol for reporting emergencies to the appropriate regulatory agencies. In
this lesson, you will learn the notification and reporting requirements that you should
follow during an emergency at your facility.
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
◊ Describe your alarm system for alerting employees and others to an emergency.
◊ Designate individuals at your facility to assist employees and others in an evacuation, including alerting
others to the incident.
◊ Identify contact information for local emergency responders and utility companies for emergency
notification.
◊ Indicate what information should be reported to company officials in an emergency.
◊ Identify when the National Response Center (NRC), Department of Transportation (DOT), and OSHA must
be notified in an emergency.
32
EMPLOYEE AL ARM SYSTEM LESSON 3: EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE
EMPLOYEE ALARM SYSTEM
Your EAP should include a way to alert employees,
who can then alert others such as contractors,
customers, and visitors, to evacuate the plant or take
other appropriate action in the event of an emergency.
Specifically, OSHA requires that you:
◊Ensure that alarms are distinctive and
recognized by all employees as a signal to
evacuate the work area or perform other
actions as specified in your EAP. For example,
sequences of horn blows or bells can be used to
signal different actions from employees.
◊Establish an emergency communications
system, such as a public address system
or portable radio unit, to notify employees
and local emergency responders during
an emergency. You must post emergency
telephone numbers near telephones, employee
notice boards, or other conspicuous locations
when telephones serve as a means of reporting
emergencies. Additionally, you might want to
consider providing an auxiliary power supply in
case the electricity is shut off.
Although it is not specifically required by OSHA, you
also may want to:
◊Use tactile devices to alert employees who
would not otherwise be able to recognize an
audible or visual alarm.
◊Provide an updated list of key personnel such
as the plant manager or a physician, in order of
priority, to notify in the event of an emergency
during off-duty hours.
For employers with 10 or fewer employees, direct
voice communication is an acceptable procedure for
alerting employees provided all employees can hear
the notification.
Note: 29 CFR 1910.165 offers more information on
alarms.
33
NOTIFYING EMERGENCY RESPONDERSLESSON 3: EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE
DESIGNEE FOR ALERTING OTHERS
Your EAP should specify who is responsible for
assisting employees and others during an emergency,
including alerting others to the incident. Be sure to
appoint at least a primary and secondary designee to
this role.
OSHA requires that these designees be fully trained
in how to assist employees and others during an
evacuation. They should also be trained in how
to operate the alarm system and any emergency
communications system such as a public address
system or portable radio unit. Additionally, they must
be capable of contacting local emergency responders
such as law enforcement, the fire department, and
HAZMAT teams if necessary.
NOTIFYING EMERGENCY RESPONDERS
After you have alerted your employees to the
emergency, the next step is notifying local emergency
responders if required. Dialing 911 is the most
common method for reporting emergencies if
external responders are required.
Your EAP should indicate who is responsible for
calling 911. Additionally, your EAP should include
current telephone numbers for the local:
◊Fire department.
◊Paramedics.
◊Poison control.
◊Police.
◊Hospital(s).
You may also want to include directions from the
propane plant to the local hospital(s).
34
NOTIFYING UTILITY COMPANIES LESSON 3: EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE
NOTIFYING UTILITY COMPANIES
Depending on the incident, you may need to notify
local utility companies. Your EAP should specify the
company name, phone number, and point of contact
for your local:
◊Electric company.
◊Water company.
◊Gas company.
◊Telephone company.
◊Cable/satellite company.
◊US Post Office/FedEx/UPS.
35
NOTIFYING COMPANY OFFICIALSLESSON 3: EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE
NOTIFYING COMPANY OFFICIALS
When an emergency occurs, depending on your
organization, you may need to notify your company
as soon as possible and, at minimum, provide the
following information:
◊Telephone number where you can be reached.
◊Date, time, and location of the emergency.
◊Type of emergency and if hazardous materials
are involved.
◊Classification, proper shipping name, and
quantity of any hazardous materials involved in
the emergency.
◊Any injuries and their extent.
◊Any deaths.
◊Whether there is a continuing danger to life or
property at the scene.
Your company officials can then use this information
to determine what regulatory agency notifications
need to be made, including DOT and OSHA.
36
NOTIFYING NRC AND DOT LESSON 3: EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE
NOTIFYING NRC AND DOT
IMMEDIATE NOTIFICATION
Certain hazardous materials incidents, including
propane, must be reported to the National Response
Center (NRC) by telephone within 12 hours of the
discovery of the incident and then followed up with a
written report within 30 days. Immediate notification
(i.e., within 12 hours) is required when, as a direct
result of a hazardous material:
◊A person is killed.
◊A person receives injuries requiring admittance
to a hospital.
◊The general public is evacuated for one or more
hours.
◊A major transportation artery or facility is closed
or shut down for one or more hours.
◊The operational flight pattern or routine of an
aircraft is altered.
37
NOTIFYING NRC AND DOT LESSON 3: EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE
NON-IMMEDIATE NOTIFICATION
If the incident is less serious and does not otherwise
meet the immediate notification requirements,
the company needs only to complete and submit a
Hazardous Materials Incident Report (HMIR) to DOT.
The DOT F5800.1 form must be used to file the report
within 30 days of the discovery of an incident. The
following lists circumstances that also require an
HMIR:
◊ There is an unintentional release of a hazardous
material or hazardous waste.
◊ A cargo tank of 1,000 gallons or greater suffers
structural damage, requiring repair to the lading
retention system or its components.
◊ An undeclared hazardous material is found.
Companies should maintain copies of the DOT
F5800.1 reports for a minimum of 2 years. These
reports should be updated if:
◊ A death occurs as a result of a previously
reported injury.
◊ There was a misidentification of hazardous
material or package information.
◊ Damage or loss was not known when the initial
report was completed.
◊ Damage or loss costs change by $25,000 or
more, or 10% of the prior total estimate.
ACTIVITY
38
NOTIFYING NRC AND DOT LESSON 3: EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE
NRC AND DOT CONTACT INFORMATION
Make sure your EAP includes the following contact
information for NRC and DOT:
◊NRC 24-hour hotline: 1-800-424-8802.
◊DOT 24-hour Crisis Management Center:
202-366-1863.
NOTIFYING OSHA
OSHA 1904.39(a) requires that you report an incident
by telephone or in person to the area OSHA office that
is nearest to the site of the event within eight hours if
either of the following results:
◊Death of any employee from the work-related
incident.
◊In-patient hospitalization of three or more
employees as a result of the work-related
incident.
You may also use the OSHA toll-free central telephone
number, 1-800-321-OSHA (1-800-321-6742).
39
ACTIVITYCLASSROOM ACTIVITY: REVIEWING YOUR EAP'S EMERGENCY
NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES
Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to have you review the emergency notification
procedures in your facility’s EAP and make any necessary additions, deletions, and updates
based on the information taught in this lesson.
Directions:
1.Working with your group members, review the emergency notification procedures in your EAP, including:
◊Explanation of your employee alarm system.
◊Designees for alerting others.
◊Contact information for local emergency responders (fire, police, paramedics).
◊Contact information for local hospital(s).
◊Contact information for utility companies (gas, water, telephone).
◊Contact information for company officials.
◊Contact information for NRC, DOT, and OSHA.
2.Compare the emergency notification procedures in your EAP with the information specified in this lesson
and make any necessary enhancements to your plan. If you don’t have your facility’s EAP with you, use the
EAP template provided and insert this information in Section 3: Emergency Notification Procedures. Please
be aware that this template provides the basic notification components of an EAP, but your plant may have
site-specific requirements that should be added. If this is the case, be sure to include them.
3.Select a spokesperson to share your results with the class.
Take about 20 minutes to complete this activity.
40
NOTIFYING NRC AND DOT LESSON 3: EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE
41EMEPLALESSON 4: EMERGENCY EVALUATION PROCEDURES
LESSON INTRODUCTION The purpose of evacuating the propane plant during an emergency is to protect everyone
in the facility from harm. OSHA requires that your EAP must clearly set forth evacuation
procedures and employees must be fully trained according to the plan. An organized
evacuation reduces confusion and protects against injury and property damage.
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
◊Identify conditions under which evacuation is necessary.
◊Designate individuals at your facility to fulfill key roles and responsibilities during an evacuation.
◊Develop procedures for assisting individuals with disabilities or limited English during an evacuation.
◊Establish primary and secondary evacuation exits and routes.
◊Develop procedures for accounting for all evacuees after an evacuation.
◊Identify when and how to shelter-in-place.
IDENTIfY CONDITIONS fOR EVACUATION
42
IDENTIf Y CONDITIONS fOR EVACUATION
When deciding whether or not to evacuate, protecting
the health and safety of everyone in the facility should
be the first priority. Some factors to consider when
developing your EAP and evacuation procedures are
described below. Your individual facility may have
additional considerations and it’s important to remain
flexible and always use common sense when deciding
if and how to evacuate your plant.
TYPE AND SEVERITY Of EMERGENCY
Your EAP should identify the different types of
situations that will require an evacuation of the facility
such as fire, explosion, chemical release, or natural
disaster. Whether you conduct a full evacuation,
partial evacuation, or shelter-in place will depend on
the type and severity of the incident.
For instance, in the event of an imminent or potential
large fire or explosion, an immediate full evacuation
of all staff and visitors to a predetermined area away
from the facility is most likely the best way to protect
everyone. In a large-scale event like this, you may also
need to work with emergency responders to inform
nearby businesses and residents of the emergency
and their exposures. Other incidents, such as a small
fire that is isolated to one area of the plant may only
require a partial evacuation. Emergencies such as
active shooters, tornadoes, or the accidental release
of anhydrous ammonia may require sheltering in place
to best protect your employees and others.
TYPES Of BUILDINGS AT YOUR PLANT
Most buildings are vulnerable to the effects of
disasters such as tornadoes, earthquakes, floods, or
explosions. The extent of the damage depends on the
type and severity of the emergency and the building’s
construction. Modern buildings, for example, are
framed in steel and are more structurally sound. You
will need to consider your plants structural capabilities
when deciding whether or not to evacuate.
43
IDENTIfY CONDITIONS fOR EVACUATION
WEATHER/DAY Of WEEK/TIME Of DAY:
All of these factors can impact a plant evacuation.
For example, if an emergency occurs during a major
snow storm, the evacuation process and exit routes
may need to be altered. Additionally, the day of week
and time of day can impact an evacuation because
of traffic considerations, whether or not nearby
businesses are open, if schools are in session, etc.
Keep in mind that these factors, along with the type
of emergency you are experiencing, may require
evacuation of areas surrounding your plant.
SURROUNDING BUSINESSES
It is important to know who your neighbors are and if
their business operations pose any additional threats
during an evacuation. For example, if your propane
plant is situated near a facility which uses a lot of
chlorine such as a water treatment plant, you need
to be aware that chlorine is a toxic inhalation hazard
and is highly combustible if it comes in contact with
propane or other chemicals.
DETERMINING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES DURING AN EVACUATION
44
DETERMINING ROLES AND
RESPONSIBILITIES DURING AN
EVACUATION
When an evacuation is necessary, you will need
responsible, trained individuals who can supervise and
coordinate activities to ensure a safe and successful
evacuation. At a mimimum, your EAP should indicate
primary and secondary designees for the following
evacuation roles:
EMERGENCY COORDINATOR:
When drafting your plan, you should select a
responsible individual to lead and coordinate
your emergency plan and evacuation. It is critical
that employees know who the coordinator is and
understand that person has the authority to make
decisions during emergencies. The coordinator should
be responsible for the following:
◊ Assess the situation to determine whether an
emergency exists requiring activation of your
emergency procedures.
◊ Supervise all efforts in the area, including
evacuating personnel.
◊ Coordinate outside emergency services, such as
medical aid, the local fire departments and law
enforcement and ensuring that they are notified
when necessary.
◊ Direct the shutdown of plant operations when
required.
EVACUATION CAPTAINS
In addition to an emergency coordinator, you may
want to designate evacuation captains to:
◊ Help move employees and others from danger
to safe areas during an emergency.
◊ Implement a buddy system during evacuation
where individuals work in pairs or teams
so they can locate and assist each other in
emergencies.
◊ Check offices and bathrooms before being the
last person to exit an area.
◊ Ensure that fire doors are closed when exiting.
The appropriate number of captains should be
available at all times during working hours.
45
DETERMINING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES DURING AN EVACUATION
INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBLE fOR SHUTTING
DOWN CRITICAL OPERATIONS
The plan should also designate who will stay to shut
down critical operations during an evacuation. Have
your evacuation captains designate these individuals.
You may want to include in your plan locations where
utilities, such as electrical and gas, can be shut down
for all or part of the facility. All individuals remaining
behind to shut down critical systems or utilities
should be capable of recognizing when to abandon the
operation and evacuate the plant.
INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBLE fOR ACCOUNTING
fOR EVACUEES
Your evacuation captains should designate
someone to account for all persons at the assembly
area following an evacuation and relay accurate
information to responders. This person should be
at the assembly area when emergency responders
arrive so they can provide a head count of who
safely evacuated and who may be missing. If you
have multiple assembly sites, you should designate
a person to each site, and these designees should
coordinate with one another to ensure that an
accurate head count of all employees is collected at
all assembly areas and communicated accurately to
responders.
Note: When emergency officials, such as the local
fire department, respond to an emergency at your
plant, they will assume responsibility for the safety of
building occupants and have the authority to make
decisions regarding evacuation and whatever other
actions are necessary to protect life and property.
The highest-ranking responder will assume the
incident command role and will work with the onsite
emergency coordinator, but will be responsible
for directing all response activities. Emergency
responders need to know where the assembly points
are located.
ESTABLISHING EVACUATION ExITS AND ROUTES
46
ESTABLISHING EVACUATION E xITS AND ROUTES
Our EAP should designate primary and
secondary evacuation exits and routes.
Secondary evacuation exits and routes are
critical in case the primary exits and routes
become obstructed or unsafe during the
emergency. Evacuation exits and routes
shall be:
◊Clearly marked and well lit.
◊Wide enough to accommodate the
number of evacuating personnel.
◊Unobstructed and clear of debris at
all times.
◊Unlikely to expose evacuating
personnel to additional hazards.
OSHA requires that you prepare maps/
drawings that show evacuation exits and
routes. These maps/drawings must be
posted prominently in each work area for all
employees to see. The following information
shall be indicated on evacuation maps or
drawings:
◊Emergency exits.
◊Primary and secondary evacuation
routes.
◊Locations of fire extinguishers.
◊Fire alarm pull station locations.
◊Assembly points.
47
ASSISTING INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES AND LIMITED ENGLISH
ASSISTING INDIVIDUALS WITH
DISABILITIES AND LIMITED ENGLISH
After an evacuation has been ordered, people with
disabilities or those with limited English may need
assistance to evacuate. To ensure you are prepared
to assist these individuals, consider taking the
suggested actions described below. These actions are
not mandatory for propane plants; they are simply
provided as additional guidance.
◊ Request that individuals who feel they may need
special assistance during an evacuation identify
themselves ahead of time so arrangements
can be made in advance to meet their needs.
Consider maintaining a personal emergency
information form for each employee. Include
on the form a question regarding the need for
special evacuation assistance.
◊ Note that individuals with unobservable
disabilities may not self-identify before an
emergency but still need additional help during
emergency situations. Such disabilities may
include:
–Learning disabilities.
–Arthritis.
–Asthma.
–Cardiac conditions.
–Chronic back problems.
–Psychological disabilities.
◊ Prepare a personal evacuation plan for
individuals requiring special assistance during
an evacuation and include:
–Intended route and means of evacuation.
–Who will assist them.
–Areas where they can wait for assistance.
–Bilingual signs and directions.
◊ Update your EAP annually and whenever you hire
an individual with disabilities or limited English
to accurately describe:
–The number of people with disabilities or
limited English who may require special
assistance during an evacuation.
–Their primary work location.
ACCOUNTING fOR EMPLOYEES AfTER AN EVACUATION
48
ACCOUNTING fOR EMPLOYEES Af TER AN
EVACUATION
Accounting for all employees following an evacuation
is critical. Organization in the assembly areas aides
in the timely rescue of anyone trapped at the plant,
and avoids unnecessary and dangerous search-
and-rescue operations. To ensure the fastest, most
accurate accounting of your employees , you may
want to consider including these steps in your EAP:
◊Designate primary and secondary assembly
areas where employees should gather after
evacuating.
◊If necessary, designate multiple assembly
areas based on the size, location, and layout of
your plant. For example, you may need a north
and south assembly area to accommodate
individuals located at different ends of the plant.
◊Designate an individual to be at the assembly
site(s) early and responsible for accounting for
all evacuees.
◊Ensure that the designated individual takes
a head count after the evacuation, identifies
the names and last known locations of anyone
not accounted for, and verbally reports this
information to the official in charge.
◊Establish a method for accounting for non-
employees such as suppliers and customers.
Consider placing a sign in/sign out sheet in your
reception area to keep track of visitors during an
emergency.
◊Plan for food, water, and protection from the
environment (i.e., weather) at the assembly
site in case the emergency takes a long time to
resolve.
◊Establish procedures for further evacuation
in case the incident expands and takes a long
time to resolve. This may consist of sending
employees home by normal means or providing
them with transportation to locations such as
their child’s daycare facility or school.
49
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EqUIPMENT (PPE) fOR EVACUATIONS
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EqUIPMENT
(PPE) fOR EVACUATIONS
Your employees may need PPE to evacuate during
an emergency. PPE should be based on the potential
threats at your facility that were determined during
the hazard assessment. Additionally, the PPE that
employees require will depend on the type and extent
of the emergency. If employees don’t need PPE during
an evacuation, don’t waste time having them put it on.
PPE may include items such as the following:
◊Appropriate safety goggles, glasses, or face
shields for eye protection.
◊Hard hats and safety shoes for head and foot
protection.
◊Appropriate respirators.
◊Appropriate chemical suits, gloves, hoods and
boots for body protection from chemicals.
◊Special body protection for abnormal
environmental conditions, such as extreme
temperatures.
◊Any other special equipment or warning devices
necessary for hazards associated with your
worksite.
KNOWING WHEN TO SHELTER-IN-PLACE
50
KNOWING WHEN TO SHELTER-IN-PLACE
Sometimes sheltering-in-place rather than
evacuating the facility is the best way to protect your
employees and others during an emergency. Shelter-
in-place means selecting an interior room(s) with
no or few windows, and taking refuge there. This is
a precaution aimed to provide some level of safety
while remaining indoors. This may be necessary in
emergencies that aren’t caused by the propane plant,
such as:
◊ hurricane.
◊ tornado.
◊ active shooter.
◊ chemical release.
These types of events may make going outdoors
dangerous.
51
HOW TO SHELTER-IN-PLACE
HOW TO SHELTER-IN-PLACE
Guidelines for sheltering-in-place may include:
◊ Select interior room(s) above the ground floor,
with the fewest windows or vents. The room(s)
should have adequate space for everyone to be
able to sit in. Avoid overcrowding by selecting
several rooms if necessary. Large storage
closets, utility rooms, pantries, copy and
conference rooms without exterior windows
will work well. Avoid selecting a room with
mechanical equipment like ventilation blowers
or pipes, because this equipment might not be
able to be sealed from the outdoors.
◊ Close the business. Bring everyone into the
room and shut the doors.
◊ If there are customers or visitors in the building,
provide for their safety by asking them to stay –
not leave.
◊ Unless there is an imminent threat, ask
employees, customers, and visitors to call their
emergency contact to let them know where they
are and that they are safe.
◊ Turn on call-forwarding or alternative telephone
answering services or systems. If the business
has voicemail or an automated attendant,
change the recording to indicate that the
business is closed, and that staff and visitors
are remaining in the building until authorities
say that it is safe to leave.
◊ Close and lock all windows, exterior doors, and
any other openings to the outside.
◊ If you are told there is danger of an explosion,
close the window shades, blinds, or curtains.
◊ Have employees familiar with your building’s
mechanical systems turn off all fans, heating
and air conditioning systems. Some systems
automatically provide for exchange of inside air
with outside air – these systems, in particular,
need to be turned off, sealed, or disabled.
◊ Gather essential disaster supplies, such as
nonperishable food, bottled water, battery-
powered radios, first aid supplies, flashlights,
batteries, duct tape, plastic sheeting and plastic
garbage bags.
◊ It is ideal to have a hard-wired telephone in the
room(s) you select. Call emergency contacts
and have the phone available if you need to
report a life-threatening condition. Cellular
telephone equipment may be overwhelmed or
damaged during an emergency.
◊ Use duct tape and plastic sheeting (heavier than
food wrap) to seal all cracks around the doors
and any vents in the room.
◊ Write down the names of everyone in the room,
and call your business’ designated emergency
contact to report who is in the room with
you, and their affiliation with your business
(employee, visitor, client or customer.)
◊ Keep listening to the radio or television until you
are told all is safe or you are told to evacuate.
Local officials may call for evacuation in specific
areas at greatest risk in your community.
Remember that instructions to shelter-in-place
are usually provided for durations of a few hours,
not days or weeks. Local officials on the scene are
the best source of information for your particular
situation. Following their instructions during and after
emergencies regarding sheltering, food, and water is
your safest choice.
52
ACTIVITY
Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to have you review the evacuation procedures in
your facility’s EAP and make necessary additions, deletions, and updates based on the
information taught in this lesson.
Directions:
1.Working with your group members, review the evacuation information in your EAP, including:
◊Conditions under which an evacuation is necessary.
◊Designation of individuals to fulfill key roles and responsibilities during an evacuation (e.g., evacuation
coordinator, evacuation captains, individuals to shut down critical operations).
◊Procedures for assisting individuals with disabilities and limited English.
◊Evacuation exits and routes.
◊Procedures for accounting for employees after an evacuation.
◊Instructions for sheltering-in-place.
2.Compare the evacuation procedures in your EAP with the information provided in this lesson and make any
necessary enhancements to your plan. If you don’t have your facility’s EAP with you, use the EAP template
provided and insert this information in Section 4: Emergency Evacuation Procedures. Please be aware that
this template provides the basic evacuation components of an EAP, but your plant may have site-specific
requirements that should be added. If this is the case, be sure to include them.
3.Select a spokesperson to share your results with the class.
Take about 20 minutes to complete this activity.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY: REVIEWING YOUR EAP'S
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
53EMEPLALESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
LESSON INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this lesson is to discuss the importance of coordinating and collaborating
with key players before and during an incident to ensure the most effective emergency
management possible. During this lesson, you will learn who should be involved and have
input into the development of your EAP. You will also learn about the different internal
and external roles and responsibilities that should be addressed during an emergency. Finally,
you will explore strategies for working effectively with all the key players on the scene of an
emergency.
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
◊Discuss the benefits of collaborating with others before and during an emergency.
◊Identify key stakeholders that should be involved in the preparation of your EAP.
◊Explain the different roles and responsibilities of propane plant employees during an emergency.
◊Explain the different roles and responsibilities of external organizations and personnel during an
emergency.
◊Identify strategies for working effectively with key players during an emergency.
54
LESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
BENEFITS OF COLLABORATION
Effective collaboration benefits both the providers and
the recipients of emergency assistance by allowing
services to be provided in the most effective manner
possible. When collaboration is working well, expertise
and resources are shared between organizations
and individuals. Listed below are some of the most
important benefits of collaboration identified by
experienced emergency response individuals.
◊ Improved Service: Collaboration yields more
effective and efficient service to impacted
parties and the community.
◊ Less Confusion: Collaboration reduces the
sense of chaos that can accompany an
emergency.
◊ Increased Understanding: Collaboration helps
response organizations learn more about each
other and their unique roles and responsibilities
during emergencies.
◊ Improved Relationships: Collaboration leads
to better working relationships between the
propane industry, local, state, and Federal
governments, voluntary organizations, private
businesses, and the general public.
◊ Reduced Fragmentation of Services:
Collaboration facilitates a holistic approach
to emergency management and reduces the
likelihood that services will be provided in an ad
hoc fashion.
◊ Reduced Duplication of Services: Many
emergency response organizations provide
similar services. However, when organizations
coordinate their time and resources, more
needs are met and fewer resources are wasted.
◊ Enhanced Problem-Solving: Collaboration
allows for more effective problem-solving
through open communication and the sharing
of ideas.
BENEFITS OF COLLABORATION
55
COLLABORATING wITh OThERS BEFORE AN EMERGENCYLESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
COLLABORATING wITh OThERS BEFORE
AN EMERGENCY
The right time to begin collaborating with others is
before an emergency occurs, during the planning
phase. Although there is no specific requirement to
do so, it is a good idea to coordinate your emergency
planning efforts with the following key players to
ensure the effectiveness of your EAP.
EMPLOYEES
The most effective EAPs include employees in the
planning process. Encourage your employees to offer
suggestions about potential hazards, worst case
scenarios, and appropriate actions to take in the
event of an emergency. Gather information from your
employees on their level of response training (e.g.,
first aid and CPR). After you develop the plan, review
it with your employees to make sure everyone knows
what to do before, during, and after an emergency.
COMPANY OFFICIALS/MANAGEMENT
It is beneficial to include a diverse group of
representatives from management in the EAP
development process and to meet annually or
more often as needed to review progress and
responsibilities. The commitment of management
is critical to the plan’s success in the event of an
emergency, so ask for their help.
56
COLLABORATING wITh OThERS BEFORE AN EMERGENCY LESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
LOCAL EMERGENCY RESPONDERS
It is very important to coordinate your EAP with
your local emergency responders, such as the fire
department, police, and local HAZMAT teams. This not
only ensures that you are aware of the capabilities
of these outside responders, but also that they know
what you expect of them.
During the planning process, you should educate
your local emergency responders about potential
exposures at your plant beyond propane. For example,
if you store or use other chemicals at your plant, such
as magnesium or methanol, you should inform your
local emergency responders of these chemicals and
how they react with other substances.
Local responders rely primarily on Safety Data Sheets
(SDSs) that are required to be maintained at the
propane plant when responding to emergencies
that involve on-site chemicals. OSHA requires that
chemical manufacturers develop SDSs that include:
◊Chemical identity (product by chemical and
common names).
◊Chemical and common names of all hazardous
ingredients.
◊Physical and chemical characteristics (such as
vapor pressure, flash, boiling or freezing points).
◊Fire and explosion hazards.
◊Reactivity hazards (how will the chemical react
with other chemicals, air, or water).
◊Health hazards (acute and chronic, permissible
exposure limits (PEL), symptoms of exposure).
◊Precautions for safe handling.
◊Control measures.
The SDS also must include the name and telephone
number of the company, importer, or responsible party
who can provide additional information on appropriate
emergency procedures.
57
COLLABORATING wITh OThERS BEFORE AN EMERGENCYLESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
LOCAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
Local governments are required to prepare chemical
emergency response plans, and to review those plans
at least annually. State governments are required
to oversee and coordinate local planning efforts.
Therefore, propane plants should coordinate their
emergency plan preparation with both local and state
officials.
LOCAL EMERGENCY PLANNING COMMITTEES
(LEPC)
Under the Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), Local Emergency
Planning Committees (LEPCs) must develop an
emergency response plan, review the plan at least
annually, and provide information about chemicals
in the community to citizens. EPCRA was passed
by Congress in response to concerns regarding the
environmental and safety hazards posed by the
storage and handling of hazardous chemicals.
When developing your plant’s EAP, it is important to
coordinate with your LEPC to ensure that your actions
support those of the larger community. There is one
LEPC for each of the more than 3,000 designated
local emergency planning districts. To find your LEPC,
please contact your State Emergency Response
Commission (SERC).
COMMUNITY AND CIVIC GROUPS
Including the community and local civic groups in
your emergency planning efforts helps establish
good will with citizens and other business leaders,
and reassures the community that you are following
safe business practices for yourself and others.
Furthermore, you may need to call on local civic
organizations, such as churches or community
centers, and ask if their facilities can be used as
possible assembly sites in the event of an evacuation.
58
EMPLOYEE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES LESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
COORDINATING wITh OThERS DURING AN
EMERGENCY
Major propane incidents bring a wide variety of
organizations and personnel to the scene of an
emergency. Individuals with different specialties and
expertise need to get involved to resolve the problem.
Effective emergency management requires the
coordination of both information and resources and it
is critical that you plan for this in your EAP.
The range of participants who may get involved in a
major propane emergency include your employees
who have been designated specific roles in your EAP,
as well as external emergency response organizations
and personnel.
EMPLOYEE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
While the following designees are not required by
OSHA and may vary from one facility to another,
consider appointing employees to the following roles
to aid in a coordinated, organized response effort. At
a minimum, you will want to appoint a primary and
alternate employee designee to each role in case
individuals are out of the office at the time of an
incident.
Don’t make these employee designations
haphazardly—they are too important. Consider the
required knowledge, skills, ability, and traits of each
role and thoughtfully match these roles to the best-
suited employees. Also, be aware that you need to
provide training on required knowledge and skills to
employees if they don’t currently possess them.
Note: Some of these roles were discussed in previous
lessons.
59
EMPLOYEE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIESLESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
EMERGENCY COORDINATOR
When drafting your plan, you should select a
responsible individual to lead and coordinate
your emergency plan and evacuation. It is critical
that employees know who the coordinator is and
understand that person has the authority to make
decisions during emergencies. The coordinator should
be responsible for the following:
◊Assess the situation to determine whether an
emergency exists requiring activation of your
emergency procedures.
◊Supervise all efforts in the area, including
evacuating personnel.
◊Coordinate outside emergency services, such as
medical aid, the local fire departments and law
enforcement and ensuring that they are notified
when necessary.
◊Direct the shutdown of plant operations when
required.
DESIGNEE FOR ALERTING OThERS
Your EAP should specify who is responsible for
assisting employees and others during an evacuation,
including alerting others to the incident. Be sure to
appoint at least a primary and secondary designee to
this role.
OSHA requires that these designees be fully trained
in how to assist employees and others during an
evacuation. They should also be trained in how
to operate the alarm system and any emergency
communications system such as a public address
system or portable radio unit. Additionally, they should
be capable of contacting local emergency responders
such as law enforcement, the fire department, and
HAZMAT teams if necessary.
60
EMPLOYEE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES LESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
EVACUATION CAPTAINS
In addition to an emergency coordinator, you should
designate and train evacuation captains to:
◊Help move employees and others from danger
to safe areas during an emergency.
◊Implement a buddy system during evacuation
where individuals work in pairs or teams
so they can locate and assist each other in
emergencies.
◊Check offices and bathrooms before being the
last person to exit an area.
◊Ensure that fire doors are closed when exiting.
The appropriate number of captains should be
available at all times during working hours.
INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBLE FOR ShUTTING
DOwN CRITICAL OPERATIONS
The plan should also designate who will stay to shut
down critical operations during an evacuation. Have
your evacuation captains designate these individuals.
You may want to include in your plan locations where
utilities, such as electrical and gas, can be shut down
for all or part of the facility. All individuals remaining
behind to shut down critical systems or utilities
should be capable of recognizing when to abandon the
operation and evacuate the plant.
INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBLE FOR ACCOUNTING
FOR EVACUEES
Your evacuation captains should also designate
someone to account for all persons at the assembly
area following an evacuation. This person should be
at the assembly area when emergency responders
arrive so they can provide a head count of who safely
evacuated and who may be missing.
61
EMPLOYEE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIESLESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
INDIVIDUALS TRAINED TO PERFORM FIRST AID
OHSA Standard 1910.151 states that:
“the employer shall ensure the ready availability
of medical personnel for advice and consultation
on matters of plant health. In the absence of
an infirmary, clinic, or hospital in near proximity
(i.e., within no more than 3-4 minutes) to the
workplace which is used for the treatment of all
injured employees, a person or persons shall be
adequately trained to render first aid. Adequate
first aid supplies shall be readily available.”
It is important to identify ahead of time any
individual(s) who are trained and prepared to provide
first aid to employees and visitors during emergency
situations. These individuals should be clearly
identified in your EAP and employees should know who
they are and that they are trained to provide medical
assistance.
MEDIA LIAISONS
Media planning can provide an opportunity to show
how organized, effective, and responsible your
company can be in the face of disaster. Consider
appointing personnel as media liaisons in your EAP
who will be responsible for interacting with the media
when an emergency strikes.
Some steps you can take to prepare your media
liaisons to work with the press in the event of a
disaster include:
◊ Decide exactly who will speak to the press.
You may want to appoint specific people in
particular situations, depending on such factors
as background or experience.
◊ Media-train those employees expected to meet
with the press. Public relations personnel can
counsel your employees and advise them on
how the media and public might perceive the
event or crisis.
◊ Train all employees on how to refer the media to
the appropriate liaisons.
◊ Give the liaisons real-life experience by
simulating a particular disaster and conducting
a mock press conference, complete with
reporters asking questions.
ACTIVITY
62
EMPLOYEE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES LESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
MEDIA LIAISONS (CONTINUED)
◊While it is a good idea to have a prepared
statement, it is not necessary for the liaisons
to read it verbatim. Adding personal comments
can help personalize the message, and increase
the credibility of the spokesperson and the
company.
◊Caution all your employees against posting
comments or photos of the incident to
social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter,
Snap Chat, Instagram, etc. This can lead to
misinformation and unnecessary panic in the
community.
◊Caution your employees about taking photos
of the incident with their cell phones because
the phones and all photos on the phones can
become confiscated in an investigation.
◊Evaluate the location from where you will
disseminate information. Is it convenient and
accessible for the news media?
◊Publicize the reconstruction activities. Inform
the press how your longer-term clean-up and
recovery plans are proceeding.
63
ACTIVITY
Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to have you identify the required knowledge and
skills of the different internal emergency roles discussed in this lesson. Having this
information readily available will help you place the most qualified employees in each role
at your facility.
Directions:
1.Working with your group members, complete the table on the following page by identifying the knowledge
and skills for each role in your facility. Once you have identified the knowledge and skills, jot down potential
employees who you think would be a good fit for each role. Remember to appoint a primary and secondary
designee for each role.
◊Knowledge refers to an organized body of information, usually factual or procedural in nature. For
example, having knowledge of effective communication strategies could be important for your media
liaison role.
◊Skills refer to the proficient manual, verbal, or mental manipulation of data or things. Important skills
during an emergency may include providing CPR, conducting interviews, or shutting down critical
operations.
2.Select a spokesperson to share the knowledge and skills for each role with the class. Note: You don’t need to
report out on the potential employee designations.
Take about 20 minutes to complete this activity.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY: IDENTIFYING REQUIRED KNOwLEDGE
AND SKILLS FOR INTERNAL EMERGENCY ROLES
64
LESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
EMPLOYEE ROLES AND SKILLSRoleKnowledge of...Skill in...Potential EmployeeEmergency CoordinatorEvacuation CaptainsDesignees for Alerting OthersIndividuals responsible for shutting down critical operationsIndividuals responsible for accounting for evacueesIndividuals trained to perform first aidMedia liaisonsOther Roles:
65
ExTERNAL ORGANIzATIONS AND PERSONNELLESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Ex TERNAL ORGANIz ATIONS AND
PERSONNEL
A variety of external organizations and personnel may
also be involved in an emergency response effort at
your plant. It is important to understand who these
key players are and what roles they serve so that you
can coordinate your efforts and resources effectively.
LOCAL EMERGENCY RESPONDERS
When necessary, local emergency responders
including police, fire, and emergency medical services
will be called to the scene of an emergency. It is
critical that you coordinate key information and
resources with them including:
◊ Nature and extent of the emergency.
◊ Who on your staff is responsible for different
emergency roles.
◊ If any hazardous materials are involved in the
emergency.
◊ What other hazardous materials besides
propane you have stored at your site.
◊ Your primary and secondary evacuation
assembly sites.
◊ If everyone is accounted for after an evacuation.
hAzARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE TEAMS
(hMRT)
Crews of specially trained individuals responsible for
directly managing and controlling hazmat problems
may be required during a propane emergency. These
teams may include people from emergency services,
private industry, governmental agencies, or any
combination.
Be sure that these teams have access to your Safety
Data Sheets (SDS) that specify all of the hazardous
materials stored at your plant. Make sure these teams
also know the quantities of each hazardous material
on site.
66
ExTERNAL ORGANIzATIONS AND PERSONNEL LESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
INVESTIGATORS
In the event of a HAZMAT emergency at the plant,
investigators who are responsible for determining the
cause of the hazmat release may arrive. A hazmat
incident is not concluded until this investigation is
complete.
Train your employees to notify management when
investigators arrive at the plant. Future legal
proceedings, possible regulatory citations or criminal
charges, and financial reimbursement for the time,
equipment, and supplies of emergency services
may depend upon their efforts and your company’s
dissemination of accurate information.
LOCAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
Depending on the scope and severity of the
emergency, the following local and state government
officials may be present:
◊ Officials from the Local Emergency Planning
Commission (LEPC).
◊ County and state emergency management
officials.
◊ Local elected officials.
◊ Congressmen and senators.
◊ Governor.
For the most part, these individuals will get their
information from the local emergency responders.
Train your employees to refer them to your media
liaisons when they arrive on the scene.
VOLUNTARY AGENCIES
Often times, different voluntary agencies will respond
in an emergency to provide services such as medical
assistance, food, shelter, and counseling. It is
important to inform the voluntary agencies about the
expected duration of the emergency, how many people
are displaced, who may need counseling, etc.
67
ExTERNAL ORGANIzATIONS AND PERSONNELLESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
MEDIA
You can often expect the media to arrive at the
scene of a major emergency to inform the public
of significant happenings within the community or
region. Because of the nature of hazardous materials
incidents, it is very important that the public be
accurately informed quickly and updated regularly of
the incident.
Be sure that your media liaisons quickly identify the
news media at the scene and collaborate with them
to ensure that accurate and timely information is
disseminated to the public.
OThER SUPPORT PERSONNEL
There may be other Individuals and organizations who
provide important support services at the incident.
For example, water and utility company employees,
environmental response contractors, heavy equipment
operators, and food service personnel may all play
important roles during an emergency.
You can help these individuals do their jobs effectively
by directing them to appropriate locations at the
scene and providing them with needed resources and
information.
68
STRATEGIES FOR COLLABORATION LESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES FOR COLLABORATION
Employees at the propane plant, local emergency
responders, public officials, and nonprofit agencies
should collaborate and act as partners before and
during an emergency. It is vital that everyone involved
communicate accurate and timely information,
share resources and expertise, and foster a culture
of respect and understanding. As we improve
collaboration between public, private, and nonprofit
organizations, before and during an emergency, we
will better keep our communities safe.
Listed below are several strategies for improving
collaboration:
RECOGNIzE ThE NEED FOR COLLABORATION
The value of collaboration needs to be recognized
by everyone involved in emergency response. Your
designated employees such as the emergency
coordinator, evacuation captains, and media liaisons
need to work together and share information to be
effective. On the ground, local emergency responders
may have limited success on their own when major
incidents overwhelm their capacity.
While there are different roles that each entity takes
in preparing for and responding to emergencies, it is
by working together that individuals and organizations
can save lives and property during emergencies of all
scales.
BUILD MUTUAL RESPECT
All key players at the emergency scene have an
important job to do and it’s critical that a level of
mutual respect, understanding, and appreciation is
established between the various organizations and
personnel. Effective collaboration begins with respect
for potential partners and the value they bring to the
table.
69
STRATEGIES FOR COLLABORATIONLESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
BUILD RELATIONShIPS AT ThE LOCAL LEVEL
While relationships should be established at all levels,
building relationships at the local level is particularly
important. Local emergency responders are typically
the first on the scene and often lead the response
effort. They are key partners in the response effort,
and relationship building should begin in the planning
phase and be maintained on a long-term basis.
ENSURE CLEAR COMMUNICATION
Clear methods of communication between internal
and external key players need to be established
before an emergency. Throughout the emergency,
information should be readily available to determine
the needs, available resources, and how the response
is managed. Communications should provide
important and appropriate information in a timely
manner.
ShARE INFORMATION AND RESOURCES
Each emergency response organization and individual
has unique information, skills, and resources that can
impact response efforts. However, no one person or
agency is equipped with all the resources, knowledge,
and expertise necessary to respond to large scale
emergencies. It is vital that all public and private
entities share information and resources before and
during emergency management efforts.
70
STRATEGIES FOR COLLABORATION LESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
71EMEPLALESSON 6: EAP DISTRIBUTION, MAINTENANCE, AND
TRAINING
LESSON INTRODUCTION During this lesson, you will learn about the distribution of your final EAP and procedures for
keeping it accurate and up to date. You will also explore methods for training employees
and others on the procedures outlined in the EAP so that everyone is better prepared to
take appropriate action in the event of an emergency.
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
◊Explain how to distribute the final EAP.
◊Identify how often and under what circumstances the EAP should be reviewed and updated.
◊List specific topics that should be addressed in EAP training.
◊Identify different types of training activities that can be used to educate employees about emergency
procedures.
◊Specify how often employees should receive EAP training.
◊Identify what to include in a training plan.
◊List strategies for making emergency planning a part of day-to-day operations at your plant.
72
EAP DISTRIBUTION LESSON 6: EAP DISTRIBUTION, MAINTENANCE, AND TRAINING
EAP DISTRIBUTION
Once you have completed your EAP, post it in a
convenient location where all employees will have
access to it. Possible locations may include break
rooms, driver rooms where paperwork is completed,
and areas where you post other labor law materials
required by the Department of Labor.
Additionally, distribute a printed copy of the final EAP
to:
◊ All employees.
◊ All management personnel.
◊ Company headquarters.
◊ External emergency response agencies
(appropriate sections).
◊ Local government agencies (appropriate
sections).
◊ Local Emergency Planning Committee
(appropriate sections).
Each individual who receives a copy of the final EAP
should be required to sign for it. Be careful of the
pitfalls of distributing only an electronic copy of the
EAP to employees, such as the inability to access it
during a power outage.
73
EAP MAINTENANCELESSON 6: EAP DISTRIBUTION, MAINTENANCE, AND TRAINING
EAP MAINTENANCE
Plant operations and personnel change frequently,
and it’s critical that you update your plan as
changes occur so you are better prepared during an
emergency. You should review the contents of your
plan and update it whenever:
◊ An employee’s emergency actions or
responsibilities change.
◊ There is a change in the layout or design of the
facility.
◊ New equipment, hazardous materials,
or processes are introduced that affect
evacuation.
◊ New types of hazards are introduced that
require special actions.
EAP TRAINING
Everyone who works at the facility requires some form
of documented training on the procedures outlined
in your EAP. This could include periodic employee
discussion sessions to review emergency procedures,
technical training in how to use emergency
equipment, evacuation drills, and full-scale exercises.
Consider having your employees sign an
acknowledgement that they have received training
and understand the information presented.
You may also want to have employee designees
sign an acknowledgement of their emergency
roles and responsibilities to minimize any future
misunderstandings.
74
EAP TRAINING LESSON 6: EAP DISTRIBUTION, MAINTENANCE, AND TRAINING
OSHA CODES AND REGULATIONS
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.38 mandates EAP training for all
employees. According to this code:
◊Before implementing the emergency action
plan, the employer must designate and train
enough people to assist in the safe and orderly
emergency evacuation of employees.
◊Employers should review the plan with each
employee when the initial plan is developed and
when each employee is initially assigned to the
job.
◊Employers should review the plan with
each employee when his/her actions or
responsibilities under the plan change or when
the plan changes.
Effective plans often call for retraining employees
periodically (and at a minimum annually) and include
drills in which employees can practice evacuating their
workplace and gathering in the assembly area.
75
EAP TRAININGLESSON 6: EAP DISTRIBUTION, MAINTENANCE, AND TRAINING
WHAT DO EMPLOYEES NEED TO KNOW?
Your employees need to be fully trained on all components of your EAP, including:
Potential emergencies that can occur at your
plant and their impact.
Individual roles and responsibilities such as
emergency coordinator, evacuation captains,
medical aid personnel, media liaisons, and
individuals responsible for shutting down critical
operations.
Procedures for assuming alternate roles in the
event that the designees are out of the office.
Notification and alarm systems.
Procedures for reporting the emergency to
company officials and regulatory agencies.
Communications procedures during an
emergency.
Plant security.
Means for locating family members in an
emergency
Primary and secondary evacuation routes and
exits.
Primary and secondary assembly sites.
Procedures for accounting for evacuees and
reporting this to local emergency responders
Location and use of PPE and common emergency
equipment.
Emergency shutdown procedures.
Special hazards you may have onsite such as
flammable materials, toxic chemicals, or water-
reactive substances.
Fire hazards that employees are exposed to and
those parts of the fire prevention plan necessary
for self-protection.
Note: If you train your employees in first-aid procedures, you are required to include instruction on protection
against blood borne pathogens because it is reasonably anticipated that employees will be exposed to blood
or other potentially infectious materials while using first aid supplies. Additionally, employers are required
to provide appropriate PPE in compliance with the provisions of the Occupational Exposure to Blood borne
Pathogens standard, 1910.1030(d)(3) (56 FR 64175). This standard lists appropriate PPE for this type of
exposure, such as gloves, gowns, face shields, masks, and eye protection.
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EAP TRAINING LESSON 6: EAP DISTRIBUTION, MAINTENANCE, AND TRAINING
HOW OFTEN DO YOU NEED TO TRAIN YOUR
EMPLOYEES?
OSHA requires that you offer training when:
◊ The plan is developed.
◊ An employee is assigned initially to a job.
◊ An employee's responsibilities under the plan
change.
◊ The plan is changed.
Additionally, it is good practice to provide training
when you:
◊ Introduce new equipment, materials, or
processes into the workplace that affect
evacuation.
◊ Change the layout or design of the facility.
◊ Revise or update your emergency procedures.
77
EAP TRAININGLESSON 6: EAP DISTRIBUTION, MAINTENANCE, AND TRAINING
WHAT ARE SOME POSSIBLE TRAINING METHODS?
There are several different training methods that
you can use to provide key knowledge and skills
to your employees about the procedures outlined
in your EAP. Classroom training activities provide
important information and knowledge about
emergency preparedness. It is a good idea to follow-
up the classroom training with practice drills where
employees can apply the knowledge and skills learned.
You don’t need to conduct all of these activities; they
are just suggested possibilities. Consider conducting
these training activities during your regularly
scheduled safety meetings.
Classroom Training:
◊ Orientation and Education Sessions: These are
regularly scheduled discussion sessions with
your personnel to provide information, answer
questions, and identify needs and concerns.
◊ Tabletop Exercises: Personnel meet in a
conference-room setting to discuss their
responsibilities and how they would react to
emergency scenarios. This is a cost-effective
and efficient way to identify areas of overlap and
confusion before conducting additional training
drills and exercises.
Practice Drills:
◊ Functional Drills: These drills test specific
emergency functions such as medical aid,
emergency notifications, and communications
procedures, though not necessarily at the
same time. Personnel are asked to evaluate the
functions and identify problem areas.
◊ Evacuation Drills: Personnel walk the
evacuation route(s) to a designated area where
procedures for accounting for all personnel are
tested. Participants are asked to make notes as
they go along of what might become a hazard
during an emergency (e.g., stairways cluttered
with debris, smoke in the hall ways). Evacuation
drills permit employees to become familiar with
the emergency procedures, their egress routes,
and assembly locations, so that if an actual
emergency should occur, they will respond
properly. Consider inviting local emergency
responders, including fire, police, and medical
responders to participate in your evacuation
drills.
78
EAP TRAINING LESSON 6: EAP DISTRIBUTION, MAINTENANCE, AND TRAINING
DEVELOP A TRAINING PLAN
Consider assigning responsibility for the development
of a training plan that will address the education
and information needs for employees, managers,
contractors, customers, and other visitors. For a
12-month period, the training plan should specify:
◊Who will be trained.
◊Who will conduct the training.
◊What training activities will be used.
◊When and where each training session will take
place.
◊How the training session will be evaluated by
instructors, participants, and management.
◊How the training will be documented.
◊How to involve community responders in
training activities.
It is recommended that you update your training plan
every 12 months, at a minimum. The size of your plant
and workforce, processes used, materials handled,
and the availability of onsite or outside resources will
all impact the training requirements in your plan.
79
MAKE EMERGENCY PLANNING PART OF YOUR CULTURELESSON 6: EAP DISTRIBUTION, MAINTENANCE, AND TRAINING
MAKE EMERGENCY PLANNING PART OF
YOUR CULTURE
Make emergency planning part of the culture at
your propane plant. Create on-going opportunities
to build awareness, educate and train personnel,
test emergency procedures, and involve all levels of
management and the community in the planning
process.
To determine how completely your EAP has been
integrated into your day-to-day operations, ask
yourself the following questions:
◊ Do all personnel know what they should do in an
emergency? If yes, how do you know? If no, how
will you correct the situation?
◊ Does senior management fully support the
responsibilities and procedures outlined in the
plan?
◊ Do the company’s policies and procedures for
evaluating employee performance and defining
job roles address emergency management
responsibilities?
◊ Do you distribute emergency preparedness
information through company newsletters,
employee manuals, company events, or emails?
◊ Are safety posters and other helpful visible
reminders prominently posted?
◊ Are management, employees, and external
emergency response organizations involved in
evaluating and updating the plan?
80
ACTIVITY
Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to have you review your plant’s training plan and
make necessary additions, deletions, and updates based on the information taught in this
lesson.
Directions:
1. Working with your group members, review the information in your training plan and determine if it addresses
the following:
◊ Who will be trained on EAP procedures.
◊ Who will conduct the training.
◊ All of the topics that employees need to know.
◊ The type of training activities to be conducted.
◊ When and where each training session will take place.
◊ How the training session will be evaluated by participants, instructors, and management.
◊ How the training will be documented.
◊ How to involve local emergency responders in evacuation drills.
2. Compare the information in your training plan with the requirements specified in this lesson and make
any necessary enhancements to your plan. If you don’t have your training plan, use the template provided
in the Resources section to complete this activity. Please be aware that this template provides the basic
components of a training plan, but your plant may have site-specific requirements that should be added. If
this is the case, be sure to include them.
3. Select a spokesperson to share your results with the class.
Take about 20 minutes to complete this activity.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY: REVIEWING YOUR TRAINING PLAN
81EMEPLAGLOSSARY
ALARM SYSTEM
A means to alert employees, who can then alert others
such as contractors, customers, and visitors, to
evacuate the plant or take other appropriate action in
the event of an emergency.
ANHYDROUS AMMONIA
A colorless, highly irritating gas with a sharp,
suffocating odor. People will notice the pungent odor
at levels ranging from 5 – 50 parts per million (ppm).
Irritating effects generally begin at levels between 25-
50 ppm. More serious effects generally will not occur
until levels are greater than 100 ppm. Symptoms
include burning of the eyes, nose, and throat after
breathing even small amounts. With higher doses,
coughing or choking may occur. Exposure to high
levels of anhydrous ammonia can cause death from a
swollen throat or from chemical burns to the lungs.
ASSEMBLY AREA
Location where employees should gather after an
evacuation. Always designate a primary and secondary
assembly area.
COLLABORATION
To work with another person or group in order to
achieve or do something.
DESIGNEE FOR ALERTING OTHERS
Individual(s) responsible for assisting employees
and others during an evacuation, including alerting
others to the incident. These designees should be
fully trained in how to assist employees and others
during an evacuation. They should also be trained in
how to operate the alarm system and any emergency
communications system such as a public address
system or portable radio unit. Additionally, they should
be capable of contacting local emergency responders
such as law enforcement, the fire department, and
HAZMAT teams if necessary.
EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
A written document required by OSHA standard 29
CFR 1910.38(a). The purpose of an EAP is to facilitate
and organize employer and employee actions during
workplace emergencies.
EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT
The process of identifying and analyzing your potential
plant emergencies including probability of occurrence
and impact on humans, property, and the business.
EVACUATION CAPTAINS
Individuals responsible for:
◊Helping to move employees and others from
danger to safe areas during an emergency.
◊Implementing a buddy system during
evacuation where individuals work in pairs or
teams so they can locate and assist each other
in emergencies.
◊Checking offices and bathrooms before being
the last person to exit an area.
◊Ensuring that fire doors are closed when exiting.
EMERGENCY COORDINATOR
Individual(s) responsible for leading and coordinating
your emergency plan and evacuation. The coordinator
should be responsible for:
◊Assessing the situation to determine whether
an emergency exists requiring activation of your
emergency procedures.
◊Supervising all efforts in the area, including
evacuating personnel.
82
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCIES
◊Coordinating outside emergency services, such
as medical aid, the local fire departments and
law enforcement and ensuring that they are
available and notified when necessary.
◊Directing the shutdown of plant operations
when required.
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCIES
Responsible for coordinating the mitigation,
preparedness, response, and recovery from
emergencies and disasters at the state level. Every
state has their own emergency management agency.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
The first and immediate response in an emergency
which is aimed at minimizing the impact of an incident
on the public and the environment.
EVACUATION
The immediate and urgent movement of people away
from the threat or actual occurrence of a hazard.
EVACUATION DRILLS
Training drills where personnel walk the evacuation
route(s) to a designated area where procedures for
accounting for all personnel are tested. Participants
are asked to make notes as they go along of what
might become a hazard during an emergency (e.g.,
stairways cluttered with debris, smoke in the hall
ways). Evacuation drills permit employees to become
familiar with the emergency procedures, their egress
routes, and assembly locations, so that if an actual
emergency should occur, they will respond properly.
Consider inviting local emergency responders,
including fire, police, and medical responders to
participate in your evacuation drills.
FIRE SAFETY ANALYSIS
A self-conducted audit of the safety features of a
propane installation and an assessment of the means
to minimize the potential for inadvertent propane
releases from storage containers and during transfer
operations. The FSA also includes an evaluation of the
capabilities of local emergency response agencies as
well as an analysis of potentially hazardous exposures
from the installation to the neighborhood and from
the surroundings to the LP-Gas facility.
FUNCTIONAL DRILLS
Training drills that test specific emergency functions
such as medical aid, emergency notifications, and
communications procedures, though not necessarily
at the same time. Personnel are asked to evaluate the
functions and identify problem areas.
HAZARD COMMUNICATION PLANS
A written document that identifies the hazardous
chemicals that employees are exposed to at the
facility and protective measures. The plant’s Safety
Data Sheets (SDS) must be a part of these plans.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE TEAMS
(HMRT)
Crews of specially trained individuals responsible for
directly managing and controlling hazmat problems
may be required during a propane emergency. These
teams may include people from emergency services,
private industry, governmental agencies, or any
combination.
INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBLE FOR ACCOUNTING
FOR EVACUEES
Designees responsible for accounting for all persons
at the assembly area following an evacuation and
relaying accurate information to responders. These
individuals should be at the assembly area when
emergency responders arrive so they can provide a
head count of who safely evacuated and who may
be missing. If you have multiple assembly sites, you
should designate a person to each site, and these
designees should coordinate with one another to
ensure that an accurate head count of all employees
is collected at all assembly areas and communicated
accurately to responders.
INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBLE FOR SHUTTING
DOWN CRITICAL OPERATIONS
Designees who will stay to shut down critical
operations, such as gas and electric, during an
evacuation.
INDIVIDUALS TRAINED TO PERFORM MEDICAL
DUTIES
Designees trained to provide first aid to employees
and visitors during emergency situations. These
individuals should be clearly identified in your EAP and
employees should know who they are and that they
are trained to provide first aid.
83
INVESTIGATORS
INVESTIGATORS
In the event of a HAZMAT emergency at the plant,
these individuals may arrive who are responsible for
determining the cause of the hazmat release.
LOCAL EMERGENCY PLANNING COMMITTEES
(LEPC)
Under the Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), Local Emergency
Planning Committees (LEPCs) must develop an
emergency response plan, review the plan at least
annually, and provide information about chemicals
in the community to citizens. EPCRA was passed
by Congress in response to concerns regarding
the environmental and safety hazards posed by
the storage and handling of hazardous chemicals.
There is one LEPC for each of the more than 3,000
designated local emergency planning districts.
LOCAL EMERGENCY RESPONDERS
Firefighters, police, and paramedics who play a
critical role in protecting people and property during
fires, medical emergencies, terrorist acts, and natural
disasters.
MANMADE INCIDENTS
Events that are due to human action and may involve:
◊Civil disturbances.
◊Workplace violence.
◊Arson.
◊Bomb threat.
◊Employee fraud.
◊Hostage situation.
◊Terrorism.
◊Sabotage.
◊Strikes.
MEDIA
The main means of mass communication, including
television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet,
regarded collectively.
MEDIA LIAISONS
Appointed personnel who will be responsible for
interacting with the media when an emergency
strikes.
NATURAL INCIDENTS
Events that are due to a force of nature and may
include:
◊Floods.
◊Hurricanes.
◊Tornadoes.
◊Wildfires.
◊Earthquakes.
◊Drought.
◊Landslides/mudslides.
◊Lightning.
◊Snow/Ice/Hail.
◊Extreme Heat/Cold.
NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC)
The Federal government's national communications
center, which is staffed 24 hours a day by U.S. Coast
Guard officers and marine science technicians. The
NRC is the sole federal point of contact for reporting
all hazardous substances releases and oil spills.
Certain hazardous materials incidents, including
propane, must be reported to the National Response
Center (NRC) by telephone within 12 hours of the
discovery of the incident and then followed up with a
written report within 30 days.
ORIENTATION AND EDUCATION SESSIONS
Regularly scheduled discussion sessions with your
personnel to provide information, answer questions,
and identify needs and concerns.
OSHA PUBLICATION 3122
Principal Emergency Response and Preparedness
Requirements and Guidance: OSHA document
that provides a broad view of emergency planning
requirements across OSHA standards.
OSHA STANDARD 29 CFR 1910.38(A)
OSHA standard that requires companies to develop
EAPs to facilitate and organize employer and
employee actions during workplace emergencies.
84
PERMISSIBLE ExPOSURE LIMITS (PEL)
PERMISSIBLE ExPOSURE LIMITS (PEL)
A legal limit for exposure of an employee to a chemical
substance or physical agent. Permissible exposure
limits are established by the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA).
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Equipment worn to minimize exposure to workplace
injuries and illnesses. These injuries and illnesses
may result from contact with chemical, radiological,
physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace
hazards. Personal protective equipment may include
items such as gloves, safety glasses and shoes,
earplugs or muffs, hard hats, respirators, or coveralls,
reflective vests, and full body suits.
PLANT EMERGENCY
A sudden, unforeseen situation that potentially
threatens your employees, customers, or the public;
disrupts or shuts down your operations; or causes
physical or environmental damage that requires
immediate action.
RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
The process of assessing your internal resources
including your personnel, facility, and equipment/
supplies to help you determine your ability to manage
each type of emergency effectively.
SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDS)
Intended to provide workers and emergency personnel
with procedures for handling or working with
hazardous substances in a safe manner, and includes
information such as physical data (melting point,
boiling point, flash point, etc.), toxicity, health effects,
first aid, reactivity, storage, disposal, protective
equipment, and spill-handling procedures.
SHELTER-IN-PLACE
Selecting an interior room(s) with no or few windows,
and taking refuge there. This is a precaution aimed to
provide some level of safety while remaining indoors.
This may be necessary in emergencies that aren’t
caused by the propane plant, such as a hurricane,
tornado, active shooter, or chemical release. These
types of events may make going outdoors dangerous.
TECHNOLOGICAL INCIDENTS
Non-natural events that are on the rise in the U.S. due
to technological advancements, and the increased
development and use of chemicals. Some examples
include:
◊Chemical release and fires (e.g., magnesium,
anhydrous ammonia).
◊Hazardous reactions between chemicals and
other substances (e.g., adding water to a
magnesium fire leads to explosions).
◊Radiological and nuclear incidents.
◊Vehicle accidents.
◊Railcar leak/fire.
◊Structural collapse.
◊Power/utility failure
◊Information technology failure.
◊Telecommunication failure.
TABLETOP ExERCISES
Training activity where personnel meet in a
conference-room setting to discuss their
responsibilities and how they would react to
emergency scenarios. This is a cost-effective and
efficient way to identify areas of overlap and confusion
before conducting additional training drills and
exercises.
TRAINING PLAN
Comprehensive plan that addresses the education
and information needs for employees, managers,
contractors, customers, and other visitors. For a
12-month period, the training plan should specify:
◊Who will be trained.
◊Who will conduct the training.
◊What training activities will be used.
◊When and where each training session will take
place.
◊How the training session will be evaluated by
instructors, participants, and management.
◊How the training will be documented.
◊How to involve community responders in
training activities.
85
VOLUNTARY AGENCIES
VOLUNTARY AGENCIES
Non-profit organizations that may respond in an
emergency to provide services such as medical
assistance, food, shelter, and counseling.
86
VOLUNTARY AGENCIES
87EMEPLARESOURCES
CONTENTS
EMERGENCY ACTION TEMPLATE
EAP Review Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Section 1: Emergency Identification and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Emergency Assessment Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
Internal Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Section 2: Emergency Personnel Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
Section 3: Emergency Notification Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
Section 4: Emergency Evacuation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
Appendix A: Evacuation Exits and Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
Appendix B: Assembly Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
TRAINING PLAN TEMPLATE
Training Plan Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Section 1: Training Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Section 2: Training Sessions and Instructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Section 3: Training Topics and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Section 4: Training Evaluation and Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
88
CONTENTS
89
CONTENTS
Emergency Action Plan
(Template)
________________________________________________________________________________
(Facility Name]
________________________________________________________________________________
(Address]
________________________________________________________________________________
(Telephone Number]
________________________________________________________________________________
(Original Date Prepared]
Note:
This Emergency Action Plan is a template and is intended as a starting point for you to use
when developing your site-specific plan . It is written in general terms and may not be all
inclusive for your facility . If there are additional emergency policies and procedures for your
specific facility, be sure to include those in your plan .
EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN {TEMPLATE)
90
EAP REvIEw LOG
EAP REvIEw LOG
Reviewed by:Date:
91
INTROdUCTION
INTROdUCTION
Complete this section by providing information about the purpose, authority, development, distribution, and
maintenance of the emergency action plan. Also describe your OSHA training mandate. Sample text has been
inserted; modify as necessary for your facility .
PURPOSE
The purpose of this Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is to set forth policies and procedures for safely and
effectively managing an emergency event for the _______________________________________________ . All
employees, supervisors, and managers are expected to follow the procedures outlined in this plan to aid in the
protection of employees and others during an emergency situation .
AUTHORITY
This EAP has been developed in accordance to OSHA 29 CFR 1910:
“An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented to handle anticipated emergencies prior to
the commencement of emergency response operations . The plan shall be in writing and available for inspection
and copying by employees, their representatives and OSHA personnel .”
[Include additional State and local authority here .]
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
dEvELOPMENT
The development of this EAP and all emergency planning efforts for ____________________________________
___________________ have included input and participation from employees, management, company officials,
local emergency responders, local and state government officials, Local Emergency Planning Committees
(LEPC), and the community and civic organizations . This level of coordination and collaboration is intended to
improve the overall effectiveness of this EAP .
dISTRIBUTION
This plan shall be posted in _____________________________________Additionally, a printed copy of the final
EAP will be distributed to:
◊All employees .
◊All management personnel .
◊Company headquarters .
◊External emergency response agencies (appropriate sections) .
◊Local government agencies (appropriate sections) .
◊Local Emergency Planning Committee (appropriate sections) .
[enter facility name]
[insert name of facility here]
[identify location where posted]
92
INTROdUCTION
MAINTENANCE
This plan shall be reviewed and updated whenever:
◊An employee’s emergency actions or responsibilities change .
◊There is a change in the layout or design of the facility .
◊New equipment, hazardous materials, or processes are introduced that affect evacuation .
◊ •New types of hazards are introduced that require special actions .
TRAINING
OSHA 29 CFR 1910 .38 mandates EAP training for all employees . According to this code:
◊Before implementing the emergency action plan, the employer must designate and train enough people
to assist in the safe and orderly emergency evacuation of employees .
◊Employers should review the plan with each employee when the initial plan is developed and when each
employee is initially assigned to the job .
◊Employers should review the plan with each employee when his/her actions or responsibilities under the
plan change or when the plan changes .
◊Effective plans often call for retraining employees periodically (and at a minimum annually) and include
drills in which employees can practice evacuating their workplace and gathering in the assembly area .
Employees will be retrained periodically and, at a minimum annually, on the EAP .
93
SECTION 1: EMERGENCY IdENTIfICATION ANd ASSESSMENT
SECTION 1: EMERGENCY IdENTIfICATION ANd ASSESSMENT
Complete this section of the EAP by documenting the results of your emergency assessment process. The first
step in successful emergency planning is determining your potential threats and hazards. Sample text has
been inserted; modify as necessary for your facility .
d ATA SOURCES
The following data sources have been reviewed and analyzed to help identify out potential threats and hazards
and assess their impact to our specific facility .
Federal Emergency Management Agency (www .fema .gov): Maintains historical data on natural disasters in
your geographic area .
United States Geological Survey (www .usgs .gov): Maintains historical data on natural disasters in your
geographic area .
National Weather Service (www .nws .noaa .gov): Maintains historical data on natural disasters in your
geographic area .
Department of Homeland Security (www .dhs .gov): Develops and distributes information on how to conduct
vulnerability assessments for emergencies and incidents .
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (www .osha .gov): Is an excellent resource that provides
information on identifying potential emergencies and assessing their impact .
Hazard Communication Plans: Contain important information and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) about the
hazardous chemicals that employees are exposed to at your plant .
State and Local Emergency Management Offices: Can provide information on potential natural,
technological, and manmade disasters in the region . Can also offer plans and recommendations for
managing different types of emergencies .
Local Fire Marshal: Can provide information about arson incidents, fire code enforcement, and local laws
concerning flammable materials .
EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT
The table on the following page documents potential emergencies for ______________________________,
the probability of occurrence, and their likely impact on humans, property, and the business . This EAP was
developed based on the results of this assessment and addresses emergencies that are specific to our
operation . Even though some emergencies may have received a lower score than others, they have not been
ignored in this plan . All emergencies, regardless of probability and impact, have been planned for and addressed
in the EAP .
[Enter the results of your emergency assessment on the worksheet on the next page .]
[insert plant name here .]
94
SECTION 1: EMERGENCY IdENTIfICATION ANd ASSESSMENT EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT wORKSHEET123456Potential EmergenciesProbability of Occurrence (1 - low; 5 - high)Human Impact (1 - low; 5 - high)Property Impact (1 - low; 5 - high)Business Impact (1 - low; 5 - high)TOTAL SCORE
95
SECTION 1: EMERGENCY IdENTIfICATION ANd ASSESSMENT
INTERNAL RESOURCES
During the development of this plan, internal resources have been assessed to determine our ability to manage
each type of emergency effectively . The following questions have been reviewed and addressed:
Personnel:
◊ What medical and emergency response training do employees have?
◊ What knowledge and skills do employees possess that make them suited for different emergency
activities?
◊ Are employees fully trained on implementing the plant’s EAP?
Facility:
◊ Is there an adequate alarm system in the event of an emergency?
◊ Is the facility able to be properly secured in the event of an emergency? Is the facility security plan
accurate and up-to-date?
◊ Are the number of fire extinguishers adequate? Are they charged?
Equipment/Supplies:
◊ What is the water supply at the plant? Is it adequate in the event of a fire or explosion?
◊ What PPE is available at the facility?
96
SECTION 2: EMERGENCY PERSONNEL INfORMATION
SECTION 2: EMERGENCY PERSONNEL INfORMATION
Complete this section of the EAP by listing the responsibilities, full names, and telephone numbers of all facility
personnel who have been designated and trained to perform the emergency roles listed below. At a minimum,
list a primary and alternate designee. Sample text has been inserted; modify as necessary for your facility. If
you have additional roles at your facility, include those as well and indicate who will fulfill them .
EMERGENCY COORdINATOR
Responsibilities include: ________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Name (Primary): _____________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
Name (Alternate): ____________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
EMERGENCY CAPTAINS
Responsibilities include: ________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
PERSONNEL RESPONSIBLE fOR ALERTING OTHERS
Responsibilities include: ________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
PERSONNEL RESPONSIBLE fOR SHUTTING dOwN CRITICAL OPERATIONS
Responsibilities include: ________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
97
SECTION 2: EMERGENCY PERSONNEL INfORMATION
PERSONNEL RESPONSIBLE fOR ACCOUNTING fOR EvACUEES
Responsibilities include: ________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
PERSONNEL TRAINEd TO PROvIdE MEdICAL dUTIES
Responsibilities include: ________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
MEdIA LIAISONS
Responsibilities include: ________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
OTHER ROLES ANd RESPONSIBILITIES:
[Include any other roles and responsibilities for your specific facility here .]
Role _______________________________________________________
Responsibilities include: ________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
Role _______________________________________________________
Responsibilities include: ________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
Name: ______________________________________________________ Phone: __________________________
98
SECTION 3: EMERGENCY NOTIfICATION PROCEdURES
SECTION 3: EMERGENCY NOTIfICATION PROCEdURES
Complete this section by describing your alarm system and procedures for alerting personnel to an emergency.
Also include phone numbers for all local emergency responders, hospitals, utility companies, company officials,
and regulatory agencies. Sample text has been inserted; modify as necessary for your facility.
dESCRIPTION Of ALARM SYSTEM
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
PROCEdURES fOR SOUNdING ALARM
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
NOTIfICATION CONTACT INfORMATION
Emergency Responders/Hospitals
Fire department: ______________________________________________________________________________
Paramedics: __________________________________________________________________________________
Poison control: 1-800-222-1222 _________________________________________
Police: ________________________________________________________________
Hospital(s): __________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
dIRECTIONS fROM JOB SITE TO NEAREST HOSPITAL:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
99
SECTION 3: EMERGENCY NOTIfICATION PROCEdURES
Utility Companies
Electric Company: ________________________________________Phone: ___________________________
Water Company: _________________________________________Phone: ___________________________
Gas Company: ___________________________________________Phone ___________________________
Telephone Company: ______________________________________Phone ___________________________
Cable/satellite Company: __________________________________Phone: ___________________________
US Post Office: ___________________________________________Phone:___________________________
FedEx: _________________________________________________Phone: ___________________________
UPS:___________________________________________________Phone: ___________________________
COMPANY OffICIALS
Name: _________________________________________________Phone: ___________________________
Name: _________________________________________________Phone: ___________________________
Name:_________________________________________________Phone: ___________________________
Name: _________________________________________________Phone: ___________________________
Regulatory Agencies
National Response Center (NRC) 24-hour hotline: 1-800-424-8802
Department of Transportation (DOT) 24-hour Crisis Management Center: 202-366-1863
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): 1-800-321-OSHA (1-800-321-6742)
100
SECTION 4: EMERGENCY EvACUATION PROCEdURES
SECTION 4: EMERGENCY EvACUATION PROCEdURES
Complete this section by indicating your primary and secondary evacuation exits and routes; personnel that
may need assistance evacuating; assembly area locations and procedures; evacuation personal protective
equipment; and sheltering in place locations and procedures. Sample text has been inserted; modify as
necessary for your facility .
EvACUATION EXITS ANd ROUTES
Evacuation exits, route, and assembly area maps have been posted __________________________________
_______________________________________________ . The following information is marked on evacuation
maps:
◊Primary and secondary emergency exits .
◊Primary and secondary evacuation routes .
◊Locations of fire extinguishers .
◊Location of alarm system .
Facility personnel should know at least two evacuation routes .
Note: See attachment A for evacuation maps .
ASSISTING INdIvIdUALS wITH dISABILITIES ANd LIMITEd ENGLISH
Names of individuals who need assistance:Their primary work locations:
________________________________________________ __________________________________________
________________________________________________ __________________________________________
________________________________________________ __________________________________________
________________________________________________ __________________________________________
________________________________________________ __________________________________________
________________________________________________ __________________________________________
ASSEMBLY LOCATIONS
Once employees have evacuated the facility, they must meet at the following location(s):
Primary Location:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Secondary Location:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Note: See Appendix B for a map to the assembly locations .
[insert locations of where they are posted]
[insert name and address to primary location]
[insert name and address to secondary location]
101
SECTION 4: EMERGENCY EvACUATION PROCEdURES
ASSEMBLY PROCEdURES
Accounting for Individuals after an Evacuation:
[Insert your procedures for accounting for individuals after an evacuation. Indicate who employees must
check in with at the assembly site and that this person is responsible for accounting for employees. Note that
employees who do not show up at the designated assembly location will be presumed to still be in the building
and fire and police personnel shall be notified of their absence immediately .]
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Planning for an Extended Evacuation:
[Insert your plan for an extended evacuation here. Be sure to plan for food, water, and protection from the
environment in case the emergency takes a long time to resolve. Identify procedures for further evacuation in
case the incident expands and takes a long time to resolve .]
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
102
SECTION 4: EMERGENCY EvACUATION PROCEdURES
PERSONAL PROTECTIvE EQUIPMENT (PPE) fOR EvACUATIONS
Location of First Aid Kits:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
List of PPE at Facility:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
SHELTERING IN PLACE
Locations for Sheltering in Place:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Procedures for Sheltering in Place:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
[Indicate the location of all first aid kids. Include maps, if necessary .]
[Include a full list of PPE that is at the facility here .]
[Include primary and secondary locations for sheltering in place. Include maps, if necessary .]
[List your facilities procedures for sheltering in place. These may include closing the business, putting
phones of call forwarding, handling visitors, turning off mechanical systems, etc .]
103
SECTION 3: EMERGENCY NOTIfICATION PROCEdURES
APPENdIX A: E vACUATION EXITS ANd ROUTES
[Insert map or drawing of evacuation exits and routes. Be sure to include primary and secondary emergency
exits; primary and secondary evacuation routes; locations of fire extinguishers; and location of alarm system .]
104
SECTION 3: EMERGENCY NOTIfICATION PROCEdURES
APPENdIX B: ASSEMBLY AREAS
[Insert maps to primary and secondary assembly locations .]
105
SECTION 3: EMERGENCY NOTIfICATION PROCEdURES
Training Plan
(Template)
________________________________________________________________________________
(Facility Name]
________________________________________________________________________________
(Address]
________________________________________________________________________________
(Telephone Number]
________________________________________________________________________________
(Original Date Prepared]
Note:
This Training Plan is a template and is intended as a starting point for you to use when
developing your site-specific plan . It is written in general terms and may not be all inclusive
for your facility . If there are additional training requirements and procedures for your
specific facility, be sure to include those in your training plan .
TRAINING PLAN {TEMPLATE)
106
SECTION 3: EMERGENCY NOTIfICATION PROCEdURES
107
INTROdUCTION
INTROdUCTION
Complete this section by providing information about the purpose, authority, distribution, and maintenance of
the training plan. Sample text has been inserted; modify as necessary for your facility.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this training plan is to set forth policies and procedures for addressing the education and
information needs of employees, managers, contractors, customers, and other visitors at
______________________________________________________________________ .
AUTHORITY
OSHA 29 CFR 1910 .38 mandates EAP training for all employees . According to this code:
◊ Before implementing the emergency action plan, the employer must designate and train enough people
to assist in the safe and orderly emergency evacuation of employees .
◊ Employers should review the plan with each employee when the initial plan is developed and when each
employee is initially assigned to the job .
◊ Employers should review the plan with each employee when his/her actions or responsibilities under the
plan change or when the plan changes .
◊ Effective plans often call for retraining employees periodically (and at a minimum annually) and include
drills in which employees can practice evacuating their workplace and gathering in the assembly area .
dISTRIBUTION
Indicate where the training plan will be located at the facility and who will receive copies .
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
MAINTENANCE
This training plan shall be reviewed and updated as necessary and every 12 months, at a minimum .
[enter facility name]
108
INTROdUCTION
fREQUENCY Of TRAINING
Employees will be retrained periodically (at a minimum annually) on the EAP and when:
◊The plan is developed .
◊An employee is assigned initially to a job .
◊An employee's responsibilities under the plan change .
◊The plan is changed .
Training will also be provided when:
◊New equipment, materials, or processes are introduced into the workplace that affect evacuation .
◊The layout or design of the facility is changed .
◊Emergency procedures are revised or updated .
109
SECTION 1: TRAINING PARTICIPANTS
SECTION 1: TRAINING PARTICIPANTS
Complete this section of the training plan by indicating who will be trained on the facility’s EAP procedures.
Participant Name Title Location Phone Email
110
SECTION 2: TRAINING SESSIONS ANd INSTRUCTORS
SECTION 2: TRAINING SESSIONS ANd INSTRUCTORS
Complete this section of the training plan by providing information about planned training sessions and
instructors.
Training
Session Date
Training Session
Location
Instructor(s)
Name
Instructor(s)
Phone
Instructor(s)
Email
111
SECTION 3: TRAINING TOPICS ANd METHOdS
SECTION 3: TRAINING TOPICS ANd METHOdS
Complete this section by describing all of the topics that will be taught during training as well as the methods
used to deliver the information.
TRAINING TOPICS
Check off the topics that your training will address:
Potential emergencies that can occur at your plant and their impact .
Individual roles and responsibilities such as emergency coordinator, evacuation captains, medical aid
personnel, media liaisons, and individuals responsible for shutting down critical operations .
Procedures for assuming alternate roles in the event that the designees are out of the office .
Notification and alarm systems .
Procedures for reporting the emergency to company officials and regulatory agencies .
Communications procedures during an emergency .
Plant security .
Means for locating family members in an emergency .
Primary and secondary evacuation routes and exits .
Primary and secondary assembly sites .
Procedures for accounting for evacuees and reporting this to local emergency responders .
Location and use of PPE and common emergency equipment .
Emergency shutdown procedures .
Special hazards you may have onsite such as flammable materials, toxic chemicals, or water-reactive
substances .
Fire hazards that employees are exposed to and those parts of the fire prevention plan necessary for self-
protection .
Protection against blood borne pathogens (for First Aid Training) .
List additional topics below:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
112
SECTION 3: TRAINING TOPICS ANd METHOdS
TRAINING METHOdS
Describe the different training methods you will use to educate your staff. Possible training methods include
orientation and education sessions, tabletop activities, walk-through drills, functional drills, and evacuation
drills .
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
113
SECTION 4: TRAINING EvALUATION ANd dOCUMENTATION
SECTION 4: TRAINING EvALUATION ANd dOCUMENTATION
Complete this section by describing your training evaluation and documentation procedures.
TRAINING EvALUATION
Indicate how your training will be evaluated by participants, instructors, and management. Possible evaluation
methods include feedback forms, quizzes, tests, and practice drills .
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
TRAINING dOCUMENTATION
Indicate how training completion will be documented. Consider having your employees sign an
acknowledgement that they have received training and understand the information presented .
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
114
SECTION 4: TRAINING EvALUATION ANd dOCUMENTATION
Propane Education & Research Council
1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075, Washington, DC 20036
Telephone: (202) 452-8975 | Fax: (202) 452-9054
INSIDE PLANT EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS:
LESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF PLANT EMERGENCIES
Provides introductory information about plant emergencies and how to prepare for them. Describes the
different types of plant emergencies, both propane- and non-propane related. Explains what an emergency
action plan (EAP) is, what should be included in an EAP, and applicable codes and regulations.
LESSON 2: EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
Guides participants through a straight forward process for identifying and assessing emergencies that are
unique to their operation. Also explains how to assess internal resources and capabilities for managing
emergencies.
LESSON 3: EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE
Provides procedures for notifying employees, local emergency responders, utility companies, and company
officials during an emergency. Also offers a protocol for reporting emergencies to the appropriate regulatory
agencies.
LESSON 4: EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES
Identifies conditions under which evacuation during an emergency is necessary. Sets forth procedures for
evacuating the plant during an emergency including key roles and responsibilities, assisting individuals with
disabilities or limited English, establishing evacuation exits and routes, and accounting for evacuees after an
evacuation. Also discusses when and how to shelter-in-place.
LESSON 5: COLLABORATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Discusses the importance of coordinating and collaborating with key players before and during an incident
to ensure the most effective emergency management possible. Describes who should be involved and have
input into the development of your EAP and about the different internal and external roles and responsibilities
that should be addressed during an emergency. Explores strategies for working effectively with all the key
players on the scene of an emergency.
LESSON 6: EAP DISTRIBUTION, MAINTENANCE, AND TRAINING
Discusses the distribution of your final EAP and procedures for keeping it accurate and up to date. Explores
methods for training employees and others on the procedures outlined in the EAP so that everyone is better
prepared to take appropriate action in the event of an emergency. Identifies what to include in a training plan.
Lists strategies for making emergency planning a part of day-to-day operations at your plant.