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HomeMy WebLinkAbout02726 e ! GARFIELD COUNTY BUILDING AND SANITATION DEPARTMENT Permit 272Qy 109 8th Street Suite 303 Assessor's Parcel No. Glenwood Springs, Colorado 81601 Phone (303) 945 -8212 �! This does not constitute INDIVIDUAL. SEWAGE DISPOSAL PERMIT : a building or use permit. PROPERTY Owner's Name David & Ros]in Hatch present Address 5033 ' CR 335 #65 New CaetaJene_ 984 -2016 System Location 6607 County Road 214, Peach Valley Minor Sub, tot 2, New Castle Legal Description o Assessor's Parcel No. SYSTEM DESIGN I 660 Septic Tank Cfapacity (gallon) Other I 1, 'y i,� q I /1" I Percolation Rate (minutes /inch) Number of Bedrooms (or other) 3 93 4141 fnb 4- J.efe14 tied Required Absorption Area - See Attached _ a 5'— .?'x r T>, FIATl4ATdns , Special Setback Requirements: it/ p, 1. T , 4 IQ u S err 8 ., / 6 D,4 S'R' - 4"4. Date y 2 r- 7 qu ?� Inspector /- - trer 1 eP io4 - 2 j FINAL SYSTEM INSPECTION AND APPROVAL (as installed) Call for Inspection (24 hours notice) Before Covering Installation System Installer a / /1g�1N s Septic Tank Capacity /24 Septic Tank Manufacturer or Trade Name C.0Pyi fla.. Septic Tank Access within 8" of surface 4' W S Absorption Area , Absorption Area Type and /or Manufacturer or Trade Name 1 - A) F/ r 's Ta fa 56 eh- 8 T R6wC - y Adequate compliance with County and State regulations/requirements F � r Other p , / �p Date - 4s - / , Inspector ic RETAIN WITH RECEIPT RECORDS AT CONSTRUCTION SITE •CONDITIONS: 1. All Installation must comply with all requirements of the Colorado State Board of Health Individual Sewage Disposal Systems Chapter 25, Article 10 C.R.S. 1973, Revised 1984. 2. This permit Is valid only for connection to structures which have fully complied with County zoning and building requirements. Con- nection to or use with any dwelling or structures not approved by the Building and Zoning office shall automatically be a violation or a requirement of the permit and cause for both legal action and revocation of the permit. 3. Any person who constructs, alters, or installs an individual sewage disposal system in a manner which involves a knowing and material variation from the terms or specifications contained in the application of permit commits a Class 1, Petty Offense ($500.00 fine — 6 months in )ail or both). White - APPLICANT Yellow - DEPARTMENT • INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM APPLICATION OWNER ___ _- A11 wad, • - Sr/ �/ ADDRESS ,� X 3.3 C o , i- 3 ,S.� �v N Z c d Ca57� € PHONE 917 � '/9 ✓/ ' CONTRACTOR 6 at/ 1 i % • z/,, /CI 5 53 a ,X J 335 YC& 6 PHONE F8V ✓6. PERMIT REQUEST FOR (Sic NEW INSTALLATION ( ) ALTERATION ( ) REPAIR Attach separate sheets or report showing entire area with respect to surrounding areas, topography of area, habitable building, location of potable water wells, soil percolation test holes, soil profiles in test holes (See page 4). LOCATION OF PROPOSED EACHHTY: �7 Near what City of Town A. ev) af.-5" / o Size of Lot aC ie 5 Legal Description or Addressna • r,2 /y WASTES TYPE: ( DWELLING ( ) TRANSIENT USE ( ) COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL ( ) NON - DOMESTIC WASTES ( ) OTHER - DESCRIBE BUILDING OR SERVICE TYPE: 5i'9 4° ifinii /y Owe 11 i a Number of Bedrooms 3 Number of Persons .5 (X) Garbage Grinder ()() Automatic Washer ( )(5 Dishwasher 501 JRCE AND TYPE OF WATER SI JPPLY: ( ) WELL ( ) SPRING ( ) STREAM OR CREEK If supplied by Community Water, give name of supplier: £ (2/6t�1ihZ DISTANCE TO NEAREST COMMUNITY SEWER SYSTEM: NM Was an effort made to connect to the Community System? NM A site plan is required to be submitted that indicates the following MINIMIUM distances: Leach Field to Well: 100 feet Septic Tank to Well: 50 feet Leach Field to Irrigation Ditches, Stream or Water Course: 50 feet Septic System to Property Lines: 10 feet YOUR INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM PERMIT WILL NOT BE ISSUED WITHOUT A SITE PLAN. GRO! ND CONDITIONS: Depth to first Ground Water Table Percent Ground Slope 2 1'YPE INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM PROPOSED: (X) SEPTIC TANK ( ) AERATION PLANT ( ) VAULT ( ) VAULT PRIVY ( ) COMPOSTING TOILET ( ) RECYCLING, POTABLE USE ( ) PIT PRIVY ( ) INCINERATION TOILET ( ) RECYCLING, OTHER USE ( ) CHEMICAL TOILET ( ) OTHER - DESCRIBE FINAL DISPOSAL BY: ( ) ABSORPTION TRENCH, BED OR PIT ( ) EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ( ) UNDERGROUND DISPERSAL ( ) SAND FILTER ( ) ABOVE GROUND DISPERSAL ( ) WASTEWATER POND ( ) OTHER - DESCRIBE WILL EFFLUENT BE DISCHARGED DIRECTLY INTO WATERS OF THE STATE? PERCOLATION TEST REST JETS: (To be completed by Registered Professional Engineer, if the Engineer does the Percolation Test) Minutes i'6 per inch in hole No. 1 Minutes /f per inch in hole NO. 3 Minutes /fr per inch in hole No. 2 Minutes per inch in hole NO. _ Name, address and telephone ofRPE who made soil absorption tests:,ij n -,'iI -PM %A, 7leCXnic4/ 2n4 5 & /f9 Chror.rrl.Coecv 4. f/(of 91 7987 Name, address and telephone of RPE responsible for design of the system: Applicant acknowledges that the completeness of the application is conditional upon such further mandatory and additional tests and reports as may be required by the local health department to be made and furnished by the applicant or by the local health department for purposed of the evaluation of the application; and the issuance of the permit is subject to such terms and conditions as deemed necessary to insure compliance with rules and regulations made, information and reports submitted herewith and required to be submitted by the applicant are or will be represented to be true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and are designed to be relied on by the local department of health in evaluating the same for purposes of issuing the permit applied for herein. I further understand that any falsification or misrepresentation may result in the denial of the application or revocation of any permit granted based upon said application and in legal action for perjury as provided by law. Signed L /i'c..r e{/ {v, gt eL Date /2 - 2-96 PLEASE DRAW AN ACCURATE MAY TO YOUR PROPERTY!! 3 N N N O L-, .o -to on A z cki >-• z 4 TX N • ld O 00.) '. W T c • di c G • \I `' b y ° `/ vi > °' y y -o V o c o N U c 0 _ vi C t 4) ej ii: ■V ▪ 41 .. p • o 3 o ' r c T 3 k. 0 r, c 1 0 y 0 '0 O0 a rt N 3 t z L o 1_ chi' y 0 U U o z b TO 4') 7 Q v E o g o Ocn o Z >• N ti 4) �N •p . to av c •w 0, •• c .� . 0 y :° c E o a • cts • — z V O U , y ti w 0 o , N O O O O: f) Y F s (I) 4) U 0 z U W O . 0 cG T (t ti T c up s ` 0 C O 0 � � 0 OD .< 1 z o . • a o �-g A �z .,.w,. HEPWORTH- PAWLAK GEOTECHNICAL, INC. f 5020 Road 154 (' Glenwood Springs, CO 81601 Fax 970 995 -8959 November 21, 1996 i Phone 970 945-7988 ! i Dave Hatch 1 5033 County Road 335, #65 New Castle, Colorado 81647 Job No. 196 573 Subject: Subsoil Study for Foundation Design and Percolation Test, Proposed Residence, 6607 County Road 214, Garfield County, Colorado Dear Mr. Hatch: As requested, Hepworth - Pawlak Geotechnical, Inc. performed a subsoil study and percolation test for foundation and septic disposal designs at the subject site. The study was conducted in accordance with our agreemeijt for tofessional engineering services to you dated November 9, 1996. The data obtained our recommendations based on the proposed construction and subsurface conditions e countered are presented in this report. Proposed Construction: The proposed residence wil be a one story wood frame structure over a basement level located on the site as s'liown on Fig. 1. Basement and garage floors will be slab -on- grade. Cut depths are expected to be up to about 10 feet. Foundation loadings for this type of construction are a sumed to be relatively light. If building conditions or foundation loadings are sign different from those described above, we should be notified to reevaluate tie recommendations presented in this report. Site Conditions: The site was v acant and vegetated ith grass, weeds and scattered sagebrush at the time of our field work. Several pino cedar Kees are located in the southern portion of the property: Topography on the,., slopes generally down to the south with a moderate slope 'within the building : and a steep slope to the north of the proposed building. There is about 5 feet of ele ration difference across the building area. Sandstone outcrops of the Mesa Nerddt'ormation are present on the mountain immediately to the north of the property. Subsurface Conditions: The subsurface conditions a the site were evaluated by excavating two exploratory pits in the proposed buildTI. area and a profile pit in the proposed septic disposal area at the approximate locat to ns shown on Fig. 1. The logs of the pits are presented on Fig. 2. The subsoil enc& 'tered, below about one foot of topsoil, consist of silty sand with gravel. Results of s, ell-consolidation testing performed on relatively undisturbed samples of silty .• s d soils, presented on Fig. 3, indicate low compressibility under existing moisture 'auditions and light loading and a low to moderate collapse potential (settlement under csnstant load) when wetted. The samples showed moderate to high compressibility upo additional loading after wetting. t p r E 'zYS J{. s+P, u airit. '.ru 49*- ;rT V• -- } , .7 Dave Hatch November 21, 1996 • Page 2 Results of a gradation analysis pgrformed l a on a umple of silty sand and gravel (minus 3 inch fraction) obtained from the rite are presented on, ig. 4. The laboratory testing is summarized on Table I. No free water was obssrved 1 the pits at the time of excavation and the soils were slifhtly moist. 1 Foundation Recommendations :: Considering the suk.oil conditions encountered in the exploratory pits and the nature of' the proposed ;eons ction, we recommend spread footings placed on the undisturbe natural soil ciesignf for an allowable soil bearing pressure of 1,500 psf for support of the proposed rest,9ence. The soils tend to compress when wetted and there could be some post - construction foundation settlement if the bearing soils become wet. The amount of settletnentrould depend on the depth of settlement -prone soils below foofing grade and 1 e event of wetting. Footings should be a minimum width of 20 inches for continuouwalls,and 2 feet for columns. Topsoil and any loose disturbed soils should be removed and a exposed foundation bearing level moistened and compacted. Exterior footings shgWd be provided with adequate cover above their bearing elevations for frost prptection. Placement of footings at least 36 inches below the exterior grade is typically used Oils area. Continuous foundation walls should be reinforced top and bottom to span local anomalies such as by assuming an unsupported length of at least 14 feet. Fouodationwalls acting as retaining structures should be designed to resist a lateral earth Kessure based on an equivalent • fluid unit weight of at least 45 pcf for the on -site soil us backfill. Due to the potential for settlement if the bearing soils become wet, we recommend that the foundation walls be heavily reinforced to reduce distress due to settlement. "EE • Floor Slabs: The natural on -site soils, exclusive of topsoil, are suitable to support lightly loaded slab -on -grade construction. The soils 'uld have some settlement potential if wetted. To reduce the effects of some di ii•rential movement, floor slabs should be separated from all bearing walls and 4olu 11'. with expalsion joints which allow unrestrained vertical movement. Floor sl b col ;'ol joints should be used to reduce damage due to shrinkage cracking. The equirfinents for joint spacing and slab reinforcement should be established by the desi ner b ed on experience and the intended slab use. A minimum 4 inch layer of ree- T�dning gravel should be placed beneath basement level slabs to facilitate drains e. s material should consist of minus 2 inch aggregate with less than 50% pass the No. 4 sieve and less than 2% passing the No. 200 sieve. All fill materials for support of floor slabs shou d be mpacted to at least 95% of maximum standard Proctor density at a moisture con t near optimum. Required fill can consist of the on -site soils devoid of vegetation, t _, soil and oversized rock. Underdrain System: Although Free water was not encountered during our exploration, 1 it has been our experience that local perched groundwater may develop during times of I • H -P GEOTECH 1 } , Dave Hatch g November 21, 1996 I i Page 3 p . • heavy precipitation or seasonal runoff. Frozen gro 1 + during spring runoff can create a perched condition. We recommend below -grade col t ction, such as retaining walls and basement areas, be protected from wetting and h ostatic pressure buildup by an underdrain system. The drains should consist of drainpipe placed iii the rtom of the wall backfill surrounded above the invert level with free-draining nular material. The drain should be placed at each level of excavation and at 1 t 1 foot below lowest adjacent finish grade and sloped at a minimum 1% to a suitab ,gravity outlet. Free - draining granular material used in the underdrain systemIshoul contain less than 2% passing the No. 200 sieve, Tess than 50% passing the No. 4 siev 4 d have a maximum size of 2 inches. The drain gravel backfill should be at least > feet deep. An impervious membrane such as 20 mil PVC should be placed ben the (Wain gravel in a trough shape and attached to the foundation wall with bud o prevent drain water from wetting the bearing soils. 1 I Surface Drainage: The following drainage precautiI I should be observed during construction and maintained at all times after the resi', nce has been completed: , 1) Inundation of the Foundation exegvatio l and underslab areas should be avoided during construction. • 2) Exterior backfill should be adjusted to; ' ear optimum moisture and compacted to at least 95% of the 'l ax' 1 standard Proctor density in pavement and slab areas and to a leas ' 1% of the maximum standard Proctor density inllandscape areas. F -; draining wall backfill should be capped with at least 2 feet of the on -si ='' finer graded soils to reduce surface water infiltration. 1 r 3) The ground surface surrounding the e t rior of the building should be sloped to drain away from the fo nda ri in all dird�tions. We recommend a minimum slope of` i 2 in ".'s in the first 10 feet in unpaved areas and a minimum slope of 3 inche. ; 1 the first 10 feet in pavement and walkway areas. A swale may be 1 ed uphill to direct surface runoff around theresidence. 1 4) Roof downspouts land drains should di tbarge well beyond the limits of all backfill. . 1 5) Landscaping which requires regular h ;‘ irrigation such as sod should be located at least 10 feet from the building. Percolation Testing: The results of percolatioq tests .' a presented m Table II and a log of the profile pit is presented on Fig. 2. The percolat rn rates measured were between 16 and 18 minutes per inch. The test results and subsurface profile indicate a conventional infiltration septic disposal system should a feasible at the tested area. i H -P GEOTECH MA i ., 3 ^�S° k`;�4i,' . *n sr ' " �4d��,J' , 9r +mA ' 4 .r rsvt ' a ,iii ■ rvp, �riit P� e , t. 5 mnm. Dave Hatch . y -. er r i ,�, November 21, 1996 '', • 6, ,i' • f ;5 p4 , ;, i“ x., atorb, y 77, Page 4 a ' ' tri y .,ow• x �0, „a ---7._ j 4 Y, P e$ prepared ' r wltth ' Secue n ai ly J ta` c c ept e Limitations: This report ' n. ort has b ' n re ared in cco t ' ' 4t geotechnical engineering principles and ractice in 1 area,, k ''r'We make no 17, g g� g i P P, P � � ,« wwr�,commendations �i �w`. .�,,. other warranty either expressed or implied: Th col x,01 ons ande submitted in this report are based upon the datalb ,, -4 o pits excavated at the locations indica on Fig. 1, a p et; =.. sechtype construction, and our experience in the area. Ourndings includ in t.r• tiop - and extrapolation of the — subsurface conditions identified ft the explorato pi 7 ,;, d variations in the subsurface � conditions may not become evident t until excava ion 177,[t rformed. If conditions E encountered during constructionppear differen froiia iii ose described in this report, we e ; should be notified at once so re- evaluation of th reco 1 endations may be made. e '. This report has been prepared for the exclusive use b •'ur client for design purposes. e We are not responsible for technical interpretations by % others of our information. As VI the project evolves, we should provide continued col ' tation and field services during r construction to review and monitor the implementatio itof our recommendations, and to verify that the recommendations have been appropria a y interpreted. Significant design i It changes may require additional analysis or modificatio ', to the recommendations r presented herein. We recommend on -site observation of excavations and foundation I Ir bearing strata and testing of structural fill by aaprese tative of the geotechnical F engineer. If you have any questions or if we may be of f I pistance, please call our office. i '. Sincerely, ' ORTH - PAWLAK GEOTE "` ^ C „' • 1 � �� P H AD'.:..„ tn'I /// . S V X Q 1 r Jordy ' . • ' a son, Jr., P.E. t i ' -9 29707 1, I I ,y / t y 1 � a b I s ,`� °. a Re ewed By t� oF��. l �N• t, b ano j . � 1li s� %NAt. E :t , . 1 ' ' Daniel E. Hardin, P.E. 9 i JZA /kmk I attachments 1 cc: Kurtz and Associates - Attn. :a Brian Kurtz 1 - , y ' _i ``c H -P GEOTECH I ' . '' _- -_. ,1,.. • i APPROXIMATE SCALE I ° = 60 LOT 3 LOT 2 1 PROPOSED PIT I i BUILDING -. AREA , ', • PIT 2 4 PROFILE PIT P•I 6 1 6 P•2 1 - PROPOSED p P•3 1, i SEPTIC 1 DISPOSAL AREA PROPERTY EASEMENT BOUNDARY MARKS GROUND' + SURFACE AT 12.6 OFFSET STAKE, ELEV. ■ I00.0 4 ASSUMED. 196 573 I HEPW 9' ORTH - PAWLAK ILQ_CATION OF EXPLe tATORY PITS AND I Fi 1 GEOTECHNICAL, INC. PkRCOLATION TEST. 0LES i , I PIT 1 PIT 2 i ? PROFILE PIT ELEV. = 129' ELEV. = 125' ELEV. = 120' 0 _� 0 r r r — l 0 ' -- i • o WC =5.5'1 — �'; �; DD �. _ 6 5 X -- e 4 DD =106' — -, WC=6.3 -200=25.2 ♦ , i +4 =30 p _ 10 •: - -' - 200 = 70 I 15 _ 16 LEGEND: ® TOPSOIL; sandy silt, slightly clayey, scattered gravel, IS 2" Diameter hand driven liner sample. organics, medium, moist, brown. _ 3 SAND AND GRAVEL (SM -GM); silty, scattered cobbles, , Disturbed bulk sample. medium dense to dense, slightly moist, brown, slightly ' _ .i. calcareous, angular to subangular fragments of 1 siltstone/sandstone. NOTES: ' 1. Exploratory pits were excavated on November 9,1996 with a backhot 2. Locations of exploratory pits were measured approximately by paci I from features shown on the site plan provided. r 3. Elevations of exploratory pits were measured by instrument level and refer to the #ench Mark shown on Fig. 1. i . , 4. The exploratory pit locations and elevations should be considered accurate only to the degree implied by the method used. e 6. The lines between materials shown on the exploratory pit logs represent the approximate boundaries between material types and transitions may be gradual. r .6. No free water was encountered in the pits at the time of excavating. Fluctuations in water level may occur with time. 7. Laboratory Testing Results: '- WC = Water Content ( %) 1 , DD = Dry Density (Pcf) +4 = Percent retained on No. 4 sieve. -200 = Percent passing No. 200 sieve. PALAK 196 673 I H E WORTH - A L INC. I LOGS OF EXPLORATORY PETS I Fig. 2 I i 3 s I t Iyloistu' r , = 5.5 percent Dry Un :Weight = 95 pcf S ample of: Silty Sand 0 rom: 2 at ntent 3 Feet — ■ 1111 4 6 e° 8 c o _ 17 a ' E• 3 8 9 10 I i 1 11 12 u I Q 1 13 e 1 i i 1 0.1 1.0 1 10 100 APPLIED PRESSURE - ks^ 196 573 I H E WORTH CAL INC. I SWELL - CONSOEIDATION TEST RESULTS Fig. 3 1 i lg '4 i k . • .. Y4M' •+yh{,Myat6 >nW4.. k ^i. s...M ...., . �.,. M oisture Content = 4.1 percent pry Unit Weight = 106 pcf • Sample of: Silty Sand From: Pit 2 at 6 Feet 0 1 Compression upon 2 Wallin 3 ag 4 • c I P. 6 • 7 8 9 ' 10 e r itv I'. { 0.1 1.0 10 100 APPLIED PRESSURE - ksf 19 6 673 I GEOTECHNICAL INC. I SWELL - CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS Fig. 4 ..4i1 ♦ r Yr T �... i q ... i. ...:. � r YMIYy0111Ei4iWk......r ... �.: 1` t I II !I I I • I YS. I U.S SFNOMO OEMS 1 Ma Walal I CLEAR WUW OPENINGS I 11ME READINGS 14111. 7104. /OAS 111 NR 001x110 MN. 411111. 11.111 0700 0100 000 AO •Ii ', OS *a 2r Ur Sr IM r rr r 100 .. 1 _ I 0 I I I M 1 10 10 I ' 70 r 1 00 I pp 10 I 10 W 1 a a 03 w gr i -. 1 i. to / 1 I 10 70 (- 1 1 30 I _ p F . I 1 - < 1 I► a 1 - { 1 10) .001 003 DOS 1100 AM ASi Ali .110 100 ace 1.151 3211 4.711 W 120 370 702 112 3W 1 12.1 4 127 DIAMETER OF PARTICLES IN )dIIWMET RS e t a OEAYTO AT 1 Iii r MEOW'' ITWIjI IIF 1 MMNE I 1 I 1 I n GRAVEL 30 % SAND 44 % SILT AND CIAY 26 % , t UOUID UMIT % PIASTICRY IIiIDEX % , I. SAMPLE OF: Silty Sand with Gravel FROM: PR 1 at 8 to 10 Feet I i 1 186673 HEPWORTH - PAWLAK GRADATION TEST RESULTS Fig. 6 I GEOTECHNICAL, INC. I, ; 1 I i I i M n ■ tD D .-- 6 a .c Z 7d i 1 I p c H Li � l i ry z r. ill' J J D Q W U cc y j Z u) 1 . V W W E'" O 0 t ' W —O (7 J Q . • Y 00 c l Q N F- m i N ui J ° g N a. 0 u. H } 1 i `t CC a 1 2 2 N g2 M ' e . 11 1 M l0 r �` ui v I o_ p M 03 i W I �. I ■ HEPWORTH- PAWLAK GEOTECHisIICAL, INC. TABLE 11 PERCOLATION TEST RESULTS JOB NO. 196 673 ; � i HOLE NO. HOLE DEPTH LENGTH OF WATER DEPTH WATER DEPTH DROP IN AVERAGE ; (INCHES) INTERVAL AT START OF AT END OF WATER PERCOLATION (MIN) INTERVAL INTERVAL LEVEL RATE ' (INCHES) (INCHES) (INCHES) (MIN./INCH) P -1 64 1/2 10 8 1/2 18 1/4 1/4 8 1/4 ' s7 1/2 3/4 7 1/2 I 7 1/2 7 6 1/2 1/2 1 6 1/2 6 3/4 3/4 refilled 101/2 '93/4 3/4 9 3/4 9 1/4 1/2 i 9 1/4 ' ^8 1/2 3/4 81/2 7 3/4 3/4 7 3/4 7 1/4 1/2 16 P -2 64 10 11 1 /2 I 10 3/4 3/4 I 10 3/4 9 1/2 1 1/4 1 91/2 • 81/2 1 is 81/2 71/2 1 7 1/2 6 1/4 1 1/4 61/4 61/2 3/4 refilled 8 17 1/4 3/4 7 1/4 i6 3/4 1/2 6 3/4 !6 1/4 1/2 ' 6 1/4 s6 3/4 1/2 18 i P -3 58 1/4 10 10 � 9 1/2 1/2 9 1/2 18 1/4 1 1/4 I 8 1/4 7 1/2 3/4 7 1/2 s6 3/4 3/4 6 3/4 1 3/4 1 refilled 11 1/2 10 1/4 1 1/4 10 1/4 1 6 3/4 1/2 I 9 3/4 i 9 3/4 9 8 1/2 1/2 8 1/2 j R 1/2 1R is I Note: Percolation test holes were hand dug in the bottom of backhoe pits 9nd soaked on November 10, 1996. The holes were covered with insulation to protect against freezing. Percolatlonftests were conducted on November 11, 1996.